Heat exchange device and hydrogen supply system

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat exchange device and a hydrogen supply system.The heat exchange device comprises a shell, a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity are sequentially formed in the shell, and a primary heat exchange pipe is connected between a front partition plate and a rear partition plate; a front chamber, a secondary heat exchange tube and a rear chamber are arranged in the second cavity, and the two ends of the secondary heat exchange tube communicate with the front chamber and the rear chamber correspondingly; the primary heat exchange pipe is arranged in the secondary heat exchange pipe, a third heat exchange pipe is arranged in the second cavity, and the third heat exchange pipe penetrates through the front cavity and the rear cavity and can exchange heat with the second medium in the front cavity and the second medium in the rear cavity. Through the structural design of the primary heat exchange pipe, the secondary heat exchange pipe and the tertiary heat exchange pipe, multiple times of heat exchange of a high-temperature medium and a low-temperature medium are achieved, the heat exchange efficiency of the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium is greatly improved, the temperature of the low-temperature medium can be rapidly increased, and the rapid heating requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, and in particular relates to a heat exchange device and a hydrogen supply system. Background Art

[0002] Heat exchanger is a device that transfers part of the heat of hot fluid to cold fluid. It is also called heat exchanger. It is an energy-saving device that realizes heat transfer between materials between two or more fluids at different temperatures. It transfers heat from the higher temperature fluid to the lower temperature fluid, so that the fluid temperature reaches the specified index of the process to meet the needs of process conditions. It is also one of the main equipment to improve energy utilization. Heat exchangers play an important role in chemical, petroleum, power, food and many other industrial production. In chemical production, heat exchangers can be used as heaters, coolers, condensers, evaporators and reboilers, etc., and are widely used.

[0003] Shell and tube heat exchanger is an ideal equipment for liquid-liquid and liquid-gas heat exchange. It is also called shell and tube heat exchanger. It consists of a shell and a tube bundle enclosed in the shell. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between cold and hot fluids through the tube wall. This heat exchanger has a relatively simple structure and reliable operation. It can be made of various structural materials and can be used under high temperature and high pressure. Chinese patent document CN212006849U discloses a high-efficiency tubular heat exchanger, which includes a shell, a first head, a second head, a plurality of heat exchange tubes, a first baffle and a second baffle. The shell is a hollow tubular structure. The first head and the second head are respectively installed at two ends of the shell. The first baffle and the second baffle are respectively fixedly installed at positions near the two ends inside the shell. The first head and the second head are respectively penetrated by an air inlet and an air outlet. A liquid inlet is formed on the side wall of one end of the shell near the second baffle, and a liquid outlet is formed on the side wall of one end of the shell near the first baffle. Both ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively fixedly installed on the first baffle and the second baffle, and the right end of each heat exchange tube is connected to the first cavity and the left end is connected to the second cavity. The heat exchange tube is inclined so that the liquid after the high-temperature gas is condensed slides along the tube. The setting of the heat dissipation layer effectively dissipates the heat of the high-temperature gas flowing in the first pipe and transfers the heat to the second pipe, so the heat exchange efficiency is high.

[0004] In the existing heat exchanger, the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium can basically only exchange heat once, the heating speed of the low-temperature medium is slow, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is not high. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat exchange device and a hydrogen supply system to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a heat exchange device, including a shell, wherein a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity are sequentially arranged in the shell, a front partition plate is arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, a rear partition plate is arranged between the second cavity and the third cavity, a primary heat exchange pipe is connected between the front partition plate and the rear partition plate, and a first medium input pipe is connected to the first cavity; a front chamber, a secondary heat exchange pipe and a rear chamber are arranged inside the second cavity, the front chamber is connected to a second medium output pipe that runs through the shell, a front channel is arranged between the front chamber and the front partition plate, and both ends of the secondary heat exchange pipe are respectively connected to the front chamber. The chamber is connected to the rear chamber, the rear chamber is connected to a second medium input pipe that passes through the shell, and a rear channel connected to the third cavity is provided between the rear chamber and the rear partition plate; the primary heat exchange tube is arranged inside the secondary heat exchange tube, and one end of the primary heat exchange tube passes through the front chamber and is connected to the first cavity, and the other end of the primary heat exchange tube passes through the rear chamber and is connected to the third cavity; a tertiary heat exchange tube is provided in the second cavity, the tertiary heat exchange tube passes through the front chamber and the rear chamber and can exchange heat with the second medium in the front chamber and the rear chamber, the inlet end of the tertiary heat exchange tube is connected to the front channel, and the outlet end of the tertiary heat exchange tube is connected to the first medium output pipe.

[0007] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes are provided inside the second cavity, and the plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes are arranged in a ring shape.

[0008] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the tertiary heat exchange tube is arranged at the center position of the plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes.

[0009] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a deflection mechanism is provided in the second cavity, and the deflection mechanism is used to deflect the first medium entering the front channel from the rear channel.

[0010] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the baffle mechanism includes a plurality of upper baffles and a plurality of lower baffles, the upper baffles and the lower baffles are arranged alternately, the upper baffles and the lower baffles are installed on the inner wall of the outer shell, and the upper baffles and the lower baffles are provided with fixing holes adapted to the secondary heat exchange tubes.

[0011] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the upper baffle and the lower baffle are both semicircular.

[0012] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a hook is provided on the surface of the shell.

[0013] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a front cover and a rear cover are respectively provided at both ends of the shell, the first cavity is formed between the front cover and the front partition plate, and the third cavity is formed between the rear cover and the rear partition plate.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a hydrogen supply system, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen pump, a first heat exchanger, an expander and a second heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen pump, the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is respectively connected to the liquid hydrogen pump and the expander, and the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is connected to a heat source conveying mechanism; the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger is respectively connected to the expander and the internal combustion engine, and the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the internal combustion engine; at least one of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger adopts the above-mentioned heat exchange device.

[0015] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the heat source transport mechanism includes a compressor, the output end of the compressor is connected to the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger, and the input end of the compressor is provided with an air filter.

[0016] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a three-way valve is connected between the compressor and the first heat exchanger, one output end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger, the other output end of the three-way valve is connected to the intercooler, the intercooler is connected to the mixing gas chamber, the output end of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is connected to the mixing gas chamber, and the mixing gas chamber is used to supply air to the internal combustion engine.

[0017] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a turbine is provided at the exhaust gas discharge end of the internal combustion engine, and the output end of the turbine is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger.

[0018] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the expander is connected to a power generation device, the power generation device is electrically connected to the liquid hydrogen pump, and the power generation device is connected to a controller.

[0019] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the power generation device includes a generator, an energy storage battery and an inductive load, the generator is connected to the expander through a coupling, the generator is electrically connected to the energy storage battery, and the energy storage battery is electrically connected to the liquid hydrogen pump through the inductive load.

[0020] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a safety valve and a flow valve are provided in sequence between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen pump, and a first temperature and pressure detection device is provided in the pipeline between the safety valve and the flow valve, and the first temperature and pressure detection device is electrically connected to the controller.

[0021] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a current sensor and a voltage sensor are provided between the inductive load and the liquid hydrogen pump, and both the current sensor and the voltage sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0022] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the generator is provided with a first speed sensor, and the expander is provided with a second speed sensor, and both the first speed sensor and the second speed sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0023] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a pressure regulating valve, a metering valve and a flow meter are sequentially provided between the second heat exchanger and the internal combustion engine, and a second temperature and pressure detection device is provided in the pipeline between the pressure regulating valve and the metering valve, and the second temperature and pressure detection device is electrically connected to the controller.

[0024] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the internal combustion engine is provided with a third speed sensor, and the third speed sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0025] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the mixed gas chamber is equipped with a third temperature and pressure detection device, and the third temperature and pressure detection device is electrically connected to the controller.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] (1) The heat exchange device of the present invention can achieve three-time heating of the cold liquid by the high-temperature gas flow, and has a high heat exchange efficiency. The repeated turbulence and integration inside the device can eliminate the complexity of the external structure of the shell, making it easier to arrange. At the same time, the use of a hook instead of a dedicated heat exchanger fixing bracket can reduce the overall weight of the parts.

[0028] (2) The present invention uses the air intake after the internal combustion engine is supercharged as the heat source of the first heat exchanger to perform the initial heating of the liquid hydrogen, which can not only appropriately partially vaporize the liquid hydrogen, but also cool the air intake temperature of the internal combustion engine. This configuration can make the matching specifications of the intercooler of the internal combustion engine smaller and the layout more compact, and the entire unit smaller and lighter.

[0029] (3) The present invention utilizes the high-temperature exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine as the heat source of the second heat exchanger to perform a second heating of the liquid hydrogen, making full use of the exhaust waste heat and having a higher energy utilization rate.

[0030] (4) The present invention utilizes a liquid hydrogen pump to transport liquid hydrogen, and the expander utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure liquid hydrogen to do work to drive a small generator to work. The small generator generates electrical energy to drive the liquid hydrogen pump to work, thereby effectively improving energy utilization and realizing a closed-loop energy circulation within the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a heat exchange device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a heat exchange device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a heat exchange device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Middle AA section;

[0036] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Middle BB section;

[0037] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 Middle CC section;

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 Middle DD section;

[0039] Fig. 9 yes Figure 4 Middle EE section;

[0040] Fig.10 yes Figure 4 Middle FF section;

[0041] Fig.11 yes Figure 4 Middle GG section;

[0042] Fig.12 yes Figure 4 Middle HH section;

[0043] Fig.13 is a control block diagram of a hydrogen supply system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.14 It is a control block diagram of a controller in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure: 1-liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2-safety valve; 3-flow valve; 4-liquid hydrogen pump; 5-first heat exchanger; 6-expander; 7-coupling; 8-second heat exchanger; 9-pressure regulating valve; 10-metering valve; 11-flow meter; 12-internal combustion engine; 13-third speed sensor; 14-mixed gas chamber; 15-intercooler; 16-three-way valve; 17-compressor; 18-turbine; 19-air filter; 20-third temperature and pressure detection device; 21-second temperature and pressure detection device; 22-second speed sensor; 23-first speed sensor; 24-generator; 25-inductive load; 26-voltage sensor; 27-current sensor; 28-first temperature and pressure detection device; 29-controller; 30-indicator signal button; 31-energy storage battery;

[0046] 801-shell; 802-first cavity; 803-second cavity; 804-third cavity; 805-front partition; 806-rear partition; 807-primary heat exchange tube; 808-first medium input tube; 809-front chamber; 810-secondary heat exchange tube; 811-rear chamber; 812-second medium output tube; 813-front channel; 814-second medium input tube; 815-rear channel; 816-tertiary heat exchange tube; 817-first medium output tube; 818-upper baffle; 819-lower baffle; 820-hook. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] like Figure 1-Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment provides a heat exchange device, which is mainly used for liquid-liquid and liquid-gas heat exchange, such as being applied to the hydrogen supply system of a hydrogen internal combustion engine 12, so as to heat liquid hydrogen into hydrogen. The heat exchange device includes a shell 801, and the surface of the shell 801 is provided with four hooks 820, and the four hooks 820 are symmetrically arranged to facilitate the assembly of the heat exchange device. The shell 801 is provided with a first cavity 802, a second cavity 803 and a third cavity 804 in sequence, a front partition plate 805 is provided between the first cavity 802 and the second cavity 803, a rear partition plate 806 is provided between the second cavity 803 and the third cavity 804, and a plurality of primary heat exchange tubes 807 are connected between the front partition plate 805 and the rear partition plate 806, and the plurality of primary heat exchange tubes 807 are parallel to each other, and the first cavity 802 is connected with a first medium input pipe 808. The two ends of the shell 801 are respectively welded with a front cover and a rear cover, and the front partition plate 805 and the rear partition plate 806 are welded to the inner wall of the shell 801. The first cavity 802 is formed between the front cover and the front partition plate 805, and the third cavity 804 is formed between the rear cover and the rear partition plate 806. The first medium input pipe 808 is installed on the front cover, and a connecting flange is provided on the first medium input pipe 808 to facilitate connection with an external pipeline.

[0048] like Figure 3As shown, a front chamber 809, a secondary heat exchange tube 810 and a rear chamber 811 are provided inside the second cavity 803, the front chamber 809 is connected to a second medium output tube 812 penetrating the shell 801, a front channel 813 is provided between the front chamber 809 and the front partition plate 805, two ends of the secondary heat exchange tube 810 are respectively connected to the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811, the rear chamber 811 is connected to a second medium input tube 814 penetrating the shell 801, and a rear channel 815 communicating with the third cavity 804 is provided between the rear chamber 811 and the rear partition plate 806. Both the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811 are sealed structures, and a plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes 810 parallel to each other are provided between the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811. A through hole is provided on the rear partition plate 806 to connect the third cavity 804 with the rear channel 815.

[0049] The primary heat exchange tube 807 is arranged inside the secondary heat exchange tube 810, and one end of the primary heat exchange tube 807 passes through the front chamber 809 and communicates with the first cavity 802, and the other end of the primary heat exchange tube 807 passes through the rear chamber 811 and communicates with the third cavity 804. A second medium flow channel is provided between the outer wall of the primary heat exchange tube 807 and the inner wall of the secondary heat exchange tube 810, and the second medium input pipe 814 transports the second medium to the rear chamber 811. The second medium can enter the front chamber 809 through the second medium flow channel and then be discharged from the second medium output pipe 812. Since the first medium is present inside the primary heat exchange tube 807 and outside the secondary heat exchange tube 810, the second medium can perform secondary heat exchange with the first medium.

[0050] A tertiary heat exchange tube 816 is provided in the second cavity 803, and the tertiary heat exchange tube 816 runs through the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811 and can exchange heat with the second medium in the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811. The inlet end of the tertiary heat exchange tube 816 is connected to the front channel 813, and the outlet end of the tertiary heat exchange tube 816 is connected to the first medium output pipe 817. Preferably, a plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes 810 are provided inside the second cavity 803, and the plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes 810 are arranged in a ring shape, and the tertiary heat exchange tube 816 is arranged at the center of the plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes 810.

[0051] The first medium is usually a high-temperature medium, and the second medium is usually a low-temperature medium. The high-temperature medium (high-temperature gas) enters the first cavity 802 from the first medium input pipe 808, and the low-temperature medium (low-temperature liquid) enters the rear chamber 811 from the second medium input pipe 814. The high-temperature medium enters the third cavity 804 through the primary heat exchange tube 807, and the low-temperature medium enters the front chamber 809 through the secondary heat exchange tube 810. Since the primary heat exchange tube 807 is arranged inside the secondary heat exchange tube 810, the high-temperature medium inside the primary heat exchange tube 807 can heat the low-temperature medium inside the secondary heat exchange tube 810 once; then the high-temperature medium enters the third cavity 804, and then enters the rear channel 815 and moves along the second cavity 803 toward the front channel 813. Since the high-temperature medium is located in the secondary heat exchange tube 810, the high-temperature medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 810 can heat the low-temperature medium in the secondary heat exchange tube 810 once; then the high-temperature medium enters the third cavity 804, and then enters the rear channel 815 and moves along the second cavity 803 toward the front channel 813. 810, so the high-temperature medium in the second cavity 803 can perform secondary heating on the low-temperature medium inside the secondary heat exchange tube 810. During the secondary heating process, the high-temperature medium wraps the front chamber 809, the secondary heat exchange tube 810 and the rear chamber 811, which can greatly improve the heat exchange effect; then the high-temperature medium enters the front channel 813, and then enters the tertiary heat exchange tube 816. Since the tertiary heat exchange tube 816 runs through the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811, the high-temperature medium in the tertiary heat exchange tube 816 can perform tertiary heating on the low-temperature medium in the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811. After the high-temperature medium exchanges heat, it is discharged from the first medium output pipe 817, and after the low-temperature medium absorbs heat, it is discharged from the second medium output pipe 812. The present invention realizes multiple heat exchanges between the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium through the structural design of the primary heat exchange tube 807, the secondary heat exchange tube 810 and the tertiary heat exchange tube 816, greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency between the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium, so that the low-temperature medium can be quickly heated to meet the rapid heating requirements.

[0052] In order to further improve the heat exchange effect, a baffle mechanism is provided in the second cavity 803, and the baffle mechanism is used to baffle the first medium entering the front channel 813 from the rear channel 815. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, specifically, the baffle mechanism includes a plurality of upper baffles 818 and a plurality of lower baffles 819, the upper baffles 818 and the lower baffles 819 are arranged in a staggered manner, the upper baffles 818 and the lower baffles 819 are installed on the inner wall of the shell 801, and the upper baffles 818 and the lower baffles 819 are both provided with fixing holes adapted to the secondary heat exchange tubes 810, so as to fix the secondary heat exchange tubes 810, and make the front chamber 809 and the rear chamber 811 suspended in the second cavity 803. Preferably, the upper baffles 818 and the lower baffles 819 are both semicircular. The upper baffles 818 and the lower baffles 819 are both welded to the inner wall of the shell 801, and the upper baffles 818 and the lower baffles 819 are used to control the movement path of the high-temperature medium in the second cavity 803, thereby improving the heat exchange effect of the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium. The upper baffle 818 and the lower baffle 819 can change the flow direction of the fluid, increase turbulence, and improve the heat exchange efficiency; they can also increase the support of the heat exchange shell and improve the overall structural strength of the heat exchange device.

[0053] Among them, all heat exchange materials of the heat exchange device are stainless steel with high thermal conductivity, and all heat exchange pipelines are seamless steel pipes of austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel.

[0054] Hydrogen energy is a clean energy source. Its combustion only produces water and does not produce greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is widely regarded as an important direction for the development of future energy technology. As a widely used power device, the internal combustion engine 12 plays a vital role in the field of modern industry and transportation. However, the combustion of fossil fuels used in traditional internal combustion engines 12 will lead to a large amount of greenhouse gas and harmful substances emissions. Therefore, people began to explore the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source for internal combustion engines 12, hoping to reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency. Hydrogen has a high theoretical energy density, and an internal combustion engine 12 using hydrogen can theoretically achieve higher energy efficiency and lower emissions.

[0055] However, the storage and transportation of hydrogen has always been a key problem in hydrogen energy utilization technology. Hydrogen has a huge volume at normal temperature and pressure, and high compression or liquefaction must be used to achieve effective storage and transportation. At present, the main hydrogen storage methods are compressed hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage. Although the technology of compressed hydrogen storage is relatively mature, the storage density is low and more energy is required to compress hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen storage can provide a higher storage density, but the storage of liquid hydrogen needs to be in a lower temperature environment, which increases the technical difficulty of insulation and insulation. How to effectively solve the storage and supply problems of liquid hydrogen, and how to achieve effective mixing and combustion of hydrogen and traditional fuels in the internal combustion engine 12, has become the main technical problem restricting the utilization of hydrogen energy. As for the technical research and development of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 12, it is necessary to take into account the stability of hydrogen supply, safety and the economic feasibility of the entire system. Therefore, technological innovation in this field is particularly urgent, and it is necessary to design a system that can stably store liquid hydrogen and efficiently supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 12.

[0056] Based on the above problems, Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, this embodiment also provides a hydrogen supply system, including a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen pump 4, a first heat exchanger 5, an expander 6 and a second heat exchanger 8, wherein the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the liquid hydrogen pump 4, the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 5 is respectively connected to the liquid hydrogen pump 4 and the expander 6, and the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 5 is connected to a heat source conveying mechanism; the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 8 is respectively connected to the expander 6 and the internal combustion engine 12, and the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 8 is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the internal combustion engine 12; at least one of the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 8 adopts the above-mentioned heat exchange device. In order to ensure that liquid hydrogen can be completely converted into hydrogen, the second heat exchanger 8 adopts the above-mentioned heat exchange device.

[0057] Specifically, the heat source conveying mechanism includes a compressor 17, the output end of the compressor 17 is connected to the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 5, and the input end of the compressor 17 is provided with an air filter 19. A three-way valve 16 is connected between the compressor 17 and the first heat exchanger 5, one output end of the three-way valve 16 is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 5, and the other output end of the three-way valve 16 is connected to the intercooler 15, and the intercooler 15 is connected to the mixed gas chamber 14, and the output end of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 5 is connected to the mixed gas chamber 14, and the mixed gas chamber 14 is used to supply air to the internal combustion engine 12. A turbine 18 is provided at the exhaust end of the internal combustion engine 12, and the output end of the turbine 18 is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 8.

[0058] The expander 6 is connected to a power generation device, which is electrically connected to the liquid hydrogen pump 4, and is connected to a controller 29. The power generation device includes a generator 24, an energy storage battery 31 and an inductive load 25. The generator 24 is connected to the expander 6 through a coupling 7. The generator 24 is a small generator 24. The generator 24 is electrically connected to the energy storage battery 31, and the energy storage battery 31 is electrically connected to the liquid hydrogen pump 4 through the inductive load 25. A safety valve 2 and a flow valve 3 are provided in sequence between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the liquid hydrogen pump 4. The pipeline between the safety valve 2 and the flow valve 3 is provided with a first temperature and pressure detection device 28, and the first temperature and pressure detection device 28 is electrically connected to the controller 29. A current sensor 27 and a voltage sensor 26 are provided between the inductive load 25 and the liquid hydrogen pump 4, and both the current sensor 27 and the voltage sensor 26 are electrically connected to the controller 29. The generator 24 is provided with a first rotation speed sensor 23 , and the expander 6 is provided with a second rotation speed sensor 22 . Both the first rotation speed sensor 23 and the second rotation speed sensor 22 are electrically connected to the controller 29 .

[0059] A pressure regulating valve 9, a metering valve 10 and a flow meter 11 are sequentially provided between the second heat exchanger 8 and the internal combustion engine 12. A second temperature and pressure detection device 21 is provided in the pipeline between the pressure regulating valve 9 and the metering valve 10. The second temperature and pressure detection device 21 is electrically connected to a controller 29. The internal combustion engine 12 is provided with a third speed sensor 13. The third speed sensor 13 is electrically connected to the controller 29. The mixed gas chamber 14 is provided with a third temperature and pressure detection device 20. The third temperature and pressure detection device 20 is electrically connected to the controller 29. The controller 29 is connected to an indication signal button 30.

[0060] The present invention provides a hydrogen supply system, wherein liquid hydrogen is supplied from a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a safety valve 2 and a flow valve 3 to a liquid hydrogen pump 4, the liquid hydrogen pump 4 pressurizes the liquid hydrogen and then outputs it to a first heat exchanger 5, inside the first heat exchanger 5, the liquid hydrogen is used as a refrigerant to perform a first heat exchange with the air pressurized by a compressor 17 of a turbocharger, and then the pressurized and heated liquid hydrogen or liquid-gas mixed hydrogen enters an expander 6 and reduces the pressure after doing work in the expander 6, and then the liquid hydrogen or liquid-gas mixed hydrogen enters a second heat exchanger 8, and is heated to a complete gas state by high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from a turbine 18 of the turbocharger in the second heat exchanger 8, and then enters an internal combustion engine 12 through a pressure regulating valve 9, a metering valve 10 and a flow meter 11, and then enters a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 12 after being mixed with the incoming air, and burns under the ignition of a spark plug.

[0061] The energy storage battery 31 is connected to the small generator 24 and the inductive load 25 at the same time, and the inductive load 25 is connected to the liquid hydrogen pump 4. During the startup phase of the internal combustion engine 12, the energy storage battery 31 provides power for the normal operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 4 to ensure the normal operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 4. The expander 6 is matched with a coupling 7. After the expander 6 works, the small generator 24 can be driven to operate through the coupling 7, and the small generator 24 drives the liquid hydrogen pump 4 to work, thereby completing the recovery and utilization of liquid hydrogen energy.

[0062] The outside air passes through the air filter 19 and enters the compressor 17 for supercharging. The supercharged air enters the three-way valve 16; a part of the supercharged air enters the first heat exchanger 5 through the three-way valve 16, and then flows into the mixed gas chamber 14 after heat exchange with the liquid hydrogen; another part of the supercharged air enters the intercooler 15, and then flows into the mixed gas chamber 14 after being cooled; the air entering the mixed gas chamber 14 flows to the internal combustion engine 12, and then mixes with the incoming hydrogen and enters the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 12, and burns under the ignition of the spark plug. The high-temperature exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 12 directly enters the second heat exchanger 8 after passing through the turbine 18 of the turbocharger, and exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen, so that the liquid hydrogen is completely converted into hydrogen.

[0063] The first temperature and pressure detection device 28 is located on the pipeline for conveying liquid hydrogen between the safety valve 2 and the flow valve 3 , and is responsible for monitoring the temperature and pressure of the liquid hydrogen on the pipeline section and transmitting the signal to the controller 29 .

[0064] The second rotation speed sensor 22 is responsible for monitoring the rotation speed of the expander 6 and transmitting the signal to the controller 29 .

[0065] The first rotation speed sensor 23 is responsible for monitoring the rotation speed of the small generator 24 and transmitting the signal to the controller 29 .

[0066] The voltage sensor 26 and the current sensor 27 are both installed on the line between the inductive load 25 and the liquid hydrogen pump 4 , and are responsible for monitoring the voltage and current between the inductive load 25 and the liquid hydrogen pump 4 , and transmitting the voltage and current signals to the controller 29 .

[0067] The second temperature and pressure detection device 21 is located on the pipeline for transporting hydrogen between the pressure regulating valve 9 and the metering valve 10 , and is responsible for monitoring the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen on the pipeline section and transmitting the signal to the controller 29 .

[0068] The third rotation speed sensor 13 is installed on the internal combustion engine 12 and is responsible for monitoring the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine 12 and transmitting the signal to the controller 29 .

[0069] The third temperature and pressure detection device 20 is located on the pipeline before the mixed gas chamber 14 enters the air passage of the internal combustion engine 12 , and is responsible for monitoring the temperature and pressure of the air on this section of the pipeline and transmitting the signal to the controller 29 .

[0070] The indication signal button 30 is connected to the controller 29 . When the operator inputs a signal through the indication signal button 30 , the controller 29 will start, shift or stop the internal combustion engine 12 .

[0071] Specifically, the controller 29 is composed of a first signal processing unit, a second signal processing unit, a third signal processing unit, a fourth signal processing unit, a fifth signal processing unit, a sixth signal processing unit, a seventh signal processing unit and an eighth signal processing unit; the first temperature and pressure detection device 28 uses a first temperature and pressure sensor, the second temperature and pressure detection device 21 uses a second temperature and pressure sensor, and the third temperature and pressure detection device 20 uses a third temperature and pressure sensor. When the controller 29 receives a signal from the indication signal button 30 to start the internal combustion engine 12, the first signal processing unit will make a judgment based on the input indication speed signal information, and send an opening instruction to the metering valve 10. The metering valve 10 controls the valve opening according to the instruction, and the hydrogen supply system starts to supply the internal combustion engine 12. At the same time, the flow meter 11 monitors the hydrogen flow and transmits the signal to the controller 29. After the controller 29 integrates the amount of hydrogen entering, the hydrogen temperature and pressure, the amount of air, the temperature and pressure of the air, the engine speed and other factors, it inputs a corresponding signal to the metering valve 10 to finely control the hydrogen intake amount. At the same time, the first temperature and pressure detection device 28, the second temperature and pressure detection device 21 and the third temperature and pressure detection device 20 monitor the temperature and pressure of the corresponding parts and transmit the signal to the controller 29; if the signal of the first temperature and pressure detection device 28 is abnormal, the controller 29 will issue a closing command to the safety valve 2 to close the liquid hydrogen supply source to ensure the safety of life and property; when the pressure signal of the second temperature and pressure detection device 21 is abnormal, the controller 29 will issue a command to the pressure regulating valve 9, and the pressure regulating valve 9 adjusts the air pressure of the pipeline according to the command to ensure the normal supply of fuel; at the same time, the controller 29 can also monitor the temperature and pressure of the corresponding parts according to the first temperature and pressure detection device 28, the second temperature and pressure detection device 21, and the third temperature and pressure detection device 20, perform comprehensive signal processing, and compare the processed value with the pre-calibrated hydrogen intake volume, and then accurately adjust the flow valve 3, the pressure regulating valve 9, and the metering valve 10 according to the preset correction formula. At the same time, the controller 29 sends a command to the three-way valve 16 to adjust the opening of the three-way valve 16 to the first heat exchanger 5 according to the signal of the third temperature and pressure detection device 20 to adjust the air intake amount, thereby ensuring the purpose of air intake temperature. During this period, the controller 29 sends a corresponding adjustment request to the inductive load 25 according to the input signals of the first speed sensor 23 and the second speed sensor 22 to ensure normal driving of the liquid hydrogen pump 4.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0073] (1) The heat exchange device of the present invention can achieve three-time heating of the cold liquid by the high-temperature gas flow, and has a high heat exchange efficiency. The repeated internal turbulence and integration can eliminate the complexity of the external structure of the shell, making it easier to arrange. At the same time, the use of the hook 820 instead of the dedicated heat exchanger fixing bracket can reduce the overall weight of the parts.

[0074] (2) The present invention uses the air intake after the internal combustion engine 12 is pressurized as the heat source of the first heat exchanger 5 to perform the initial heating of the liquid hydrogen, which can not only appropriately partially vaporize the liquid hydrogen, but also cool the intake temperature of the air of the internal combustion engine 12. This configuration can make the matching specifications of the intercooler 15 of the internal combustion engine 12 smaller and the layout more compact, and the entire unit is smaller and lighter.

[0075] (3) The present invention utilizes the high-temperature exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 12 as the heat source of the second heat exchanger 8 to perform a second heating of the liquid hydrogen, making full use of the exhaust waste heat and having a higher energy utilization rate.

[0076] (4) The present invention utilizes a liquid hydrogen pump 4 to transport liquid hydrogen, and the expander 6 utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure liquid hydrogen to do work to drive the small generator 24 to work. The small generator 24 generates electrical energy to drive the liquid hydrogen pump 4 to work, thereby effectively improving energy utilization and realizing a closed-loop energy circulation within the system.

[0077] In summary, the hydrogen supply system provided by the present invention not only fully utilizes the liquid hydrogen energy and the waste heat of the compressed air, but also fully utilizes the exhaust waste heat, reduces the dependence on energy outside the system, optimizes the energy configuration of the entire system and improves the energy utilization efficiency.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, may be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood. In addition, the specific features, structures, etc. described in the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment. Under the condition that there is no contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine the features of different embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. According to the basic technical concept of the present invention, the embodiments that can be associated with by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat exchange device, characterized in that: The heat exchange device comprises a shell (801), wherein a first cavity (802), a second cavity (803) and a third cavity (804) are sequentially arranged in the shell (801), a front partition plate (805) is arranged between the first cavity (802) and the second cavity (803), a rear partition plate (806) is arranged between the second cavity (803) and the third cavity (804), a primary heat exchange tube (807) is connected between the front partition plate (805) and the rear partition plate (806), and the first cavity (802) is connected to a first medium input tube (808); A front chamber (809), a secondary heat exchange tube (810) and a rear chamber (811) are provided inside the second cavity (803); the front chamber (809) is connected to a second medium output tube (812) penetrating the outer shell (801); a front channel (813) is provided between the front chamber (809) and the front partition plate (805); two ends of the secondary heat exchange tube (810) are respectively connected to the front chamber (809) and the rear chamber (811); the rear chamber (811) is connected to a second medium input tube (814) penetrating the outer shell (801); and a rear channel (815) communicating with the third cavity (804) is provided between the rear chamber (811) and the rear partition plate (806); The primary heat exchange tube (807) is arranged inside the secondary heat exchange tube (810), and one end of the primary heat exchange tube (807) passes through the front chamber (809) and is connected to the first cavity (802), and the other end of the primary heat exchange tube (807) passes through the rear chamber (811) and is connected to the third cavity (804); A tertiary heat exchange tube (816) is provided in the second cavity (803), and the tertiary heat exchange tube (816) runs through the front chamber (809) and the rear chamber (811) and is capable of exchanging heat with the second medium in the front chamber (809) and the rear chamber (811). The inlet end of the tertiary heat exchange tube (816) is connected to the front channel (813), and the outlet end of the tertiary heat exchange tube (816) is connected to the first medium output pipe (817).

2. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes (810) are arranged inside the second cavity (803), and the plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes (810) are arranged in a ring shape; the tertiary heat exchange tube (816) is arranged at the center position of the plurality of secondary heat exchange tubes (810).

3. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A deflection mechanism is provided in the second cavity (803), and the deflection mechanism is used to deflect the first medium entering the front channel (813) from the rear channel (815).

4. The heat exchange device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffle mechanism comprises a plurality of upper baffles (818) and a plurality of lower baffles (819), wherein the upper baffles (818) and the lower baffles (819) are arranged in a staggered manner, and the upper baffles (818) and the lower baffles (819) are installed on the inner wall of the outer shell (801), and the upper baffles (818) and the lower baffles (819) are both provided with fixing holes adapted to the secondary heat exchange tubes (810); and the upper baffles (818) and the lower baffles (819) are both semicircular in shape.

5. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hook (820) is provided on the surface of the shell (801); a front cover and a rear cover are respectively provided at both ends of the shell (801); the first cavity (802) is formed between the front cover and the front partition plate (805); and the third cavity (804) is formed between the rear cover and the rear partition plate (806).

6. A hydrogen supply system, characterized in that: It comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a liquid hydrogen pump (4), a first heat exchanger (5), an expander (6) and a second heat exchanger (8); the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected to the liquid hydrogen pump (4); the first heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (5) is respectively connected to the liquid hydrogen pump (4) and the expander (6); the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (5) is connected to a heat source transport mechanism; the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (8) is respectively connected to the expander (6) and the internal combustion engine (12); the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (8) is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the internal combustion engine (12); at least one of the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (8) adopts the heat exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat source conveying mechanism comprises a compressor (17), the output end of the compressor (17) is connected to the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (5), and the input end of the compressor (17) is provided with an air filter (19); a three-way valve (16) is connected between the compressor (17) and the first heat exchanger (5), one output end of the three-way valve (16) is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (5), the other output end of the three-way valve (16) is connected to the intercooler (15), the intercooler (15) is connected to the mixed gas chamber (14), the output end of the second heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (5) is connected to the mixed gas chamber (14), and the mixed gas chamber (14) is used to supply air to the internal combustion engine (12).

8. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A turbine (18) is provided at the tail gas discharge end of the internal combustion engine (12), and the output end of the turbine (18) is connected to the input end of the second heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (8).

9. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expander (6) is connected to a power generation device, the power generation device is electrically connected to the liquid hydrogen pump (4), and the power generation device is connected to a controller (29); the power generation device includes a generator (24), an energy storage battery (31) and an inductive load (25), the generator (24) is connected to the expander (6) through a coupling (7), the generator (24) is electrically connected to the energy storage battery (31), and the energy storage battery (31) is electrically connected to the liquid hydrogen pump (4) through the inductive load (25).

10. The hydrogen supply system according to claim 9, characterized in that: A safety valve (2) and a flow valve (3) are provided in sequence between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the liquid hydrogen pump (4); a first temperature and pressure detection device (28) is provided in the pipeline between the safety valve (2) and the flow valve (3); and the first temperature and pressure detection device (28) is electrically connected to a controller (29); A current sensor (27) and a voltage sensor (26) are provided between the inductive load (25) and the liquid hydrogen pump (4), and the current sensor (27) and the voltage sensor (26) are both electrically connected to the controller (29); The generator (24) is provided with a first speed sensor (23), the expander (6) is provided with a second speed sensor (22), and the first speed sensor (23) and the second speed sensor (22) are both electrically connected to a controller (29); A pressure regulating valve (9), a metering valve (10) and a flow meter (11) are provided in sequence between the second heat exchanger (8) and the internal combustion engine (12); a second temperature and pressure detection device (21) is provided in the pipeline between the pressure regulating valve (9) and the metering valve (10); and the second temperature and pressure detection device (21) is electrically connected to a controller (29); The internal combustion engine (12) is provided with a third rotation speed sensor (13), and the third rotation speed sensor (13) is electrically connected to the controller (29); The mixed gas chamber (14) is provided with a third temperature and pressure detection device (20), and the third temperature and pressure detection device (20) is electrically connected to a controller (29).

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