Hydropower station surge chamber height determination method and device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a hydropower station surge chamber height determination method and device and electronic equipment, and aims to better guarantee the operation safety of a target hydropower station under a combined working condition because the surge superposition phenomenon exists in a surge chamber of the target hydropower station under the combined working condition, and the surge in the surge chamber can rise or fall sharply. According to the invention, processing is carried out based on the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber by using the most unfavorable superposition moment algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition moment, and then possible combined working conditions are comprehensively considered. On the basis of the flow in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline under the initial working condition in the current combined working condition, the surge extreme value at the most unfavorable superposition moment can be determined through the surge extreme value determination algorithm corresponding to the current combined working condition, namely the control value of the surge chamber height design; and according to the surge extreme value, the height of the surge chamber can be reasonably determined while the safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a method, device and electronic equipment for determining the height of a surge chamber in a hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] The hydraulic units of a hydropower station require a stable water flow during operation, and excessive or insufficient water flow will damage the hydraulic machinery. In particular, excessive water flow may cause catastrophic accidents to the units, such as unit vibration, collision, contact, etc., resulting in unit overload or destructive oscillation. Therefore, it is necessary to use a surge chamber to regulate the water flow so that the water flow pressure tends to be stable. However, if the height of the surge chamber is not designed reasonably, the safe operation of the hydraulic machinery will not be guaranteed.

[0003] Therefore, how to reasonably determine the height of the surge chamber while ensuring safety has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to propose a method, device and electronic equipment for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station, so as to solve or partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station, comprising:

[0006] Acquiring the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel of the target hydropower station at the target water flow section and the surge data of the surge chamber at the target water flow position;

[0007] An algorithm for determining the most unfavorable superposition time corresponding to the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel;

[0008] Based on the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber, the most unfavorable superposition time is processed using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time;

[0009] The flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe corresponding to the current combined operating condition of the target hydropower station and the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition is obtained, and the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position is obtained based on the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe through a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined operating condition, and the height of the surge chamber at the target water flow section position is determined according to the surge extreme value.

[0010] Based on the same inventive concept, the second aspect of the present application provides a device for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station, characterized in that it includes:

[0011] An acquisition module configured to acquire a flow velocity of a water conveyance tunnel of a target hydropower station at a target water flow section and a water level of a surge chamber at the target water flow section;

[0012] An algorithm determination module is configured to determine the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm corresponding to the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel;

[0013] A time determination module is configured to process the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time;

[0014] The height determination module is configured to obtain the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe corresponding to the current combined operating condition of the target hydropower station and the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition, and process the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe through a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined operating condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position, and determine the height of the pressure regulating chamber at the target water flow section position according to the surge extreme value.

[0015] Based on the same inventive concept, the third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the method described in the first aspect above when executing the computer program.

[0016] From the above, it can be seen that the method, device and electronic equipment for determining the height of the surge chamber of a hydropower station provided by the present application, due to the existence of surge superposition in the surge chamber of the target hydropower station under the combined operating conditions, will cause the surge in the surge chamber to rise or fall sharply. Therefore, in order to better ensure the operation safety of the target hydropower station under the combined operating conditions, the present application uses the most unfavorable superposition moment algorithm based on the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber to obtain the most unfavorable superposition moment, and then comprehensively considers the possible combined operating conditions. Based on the flow in the pressure pipe main pipe of the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition, the surge extreme value determination algorithm corresponding to the current combined operating condition can be used to determine that the surge extreme value at the most unfavorable superposition moment is the control value of the surge chamber height design, and then according to the surge extreme value, the height of the surge chamber can be reasonably determined while ensuring safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining the height of a surge chamber in a hydropower station according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a device for determining the height of a surge chamber in a hydropower station according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] It is understandable that before using the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present application, the type, scope of use, usage scenarios, etc. of the personal information involved will be informed to the user in an appropriate manner, and the user's authorization will be obtained.

[0024] For example, in response to receiving an active request from a user, a prompt message is sent to the user to clearly remind the user that the operation requested to be performed will require obtaining and using the user's personal information. Thus, the user can independently choose whether to provide personal information to the electronic device, application, server, storage medium or other software or hardware that performs the operation of the technical solution of the present application according to the prompt message.

[0025] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, in response to receiving the user's active request, the prompt information may be sent to the user in the form of a pop-up window, in which the prompt information may be presented in text form. In addition, the pop-up window may also carry a selection control for the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0026] It is understandable that the above notification and the process of obtaining user authorization are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation method of this application. Other methods that meet relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation method of this application.

[0027] In a hydropower station with a one-tunnel multi-unit layout, there is a surge superposition phenomenon in the surge chamber under combined operating conditions, that is, when the reference flow of some units changes due to large load changes, the surge in the surge chamber fluctuates. When it is not completely attenuated, the unit or other units continue to change their operating conditions. The surge fluctuations in the surge chamber caused by the latter have the same period and similar phase as the previous unattenuated surge fluctuations. The two appear superimposed in the surge chamber, causing the surge in the surge chamber to rise or fall sharply. Therefore, in the design stage of the surge chamber, it is necessary not only to calculate the extreme value of the surge under simple operating conditions, but also to check and calculate the possible combined operating conditions. The surge calculation value at the most unfavorable superposition moment is the control value of the surge chamber design. At present, the characteristic line method is often used for calculation. Although it has high accuracy, its programming is complex, time-consuming, and has high requirements for the completeness of the power station data. It does not meet the needs of fast calculation in the preliminary design stage of the power station, and the numerical simulation method is not conducive to analyzing the surge superposition phenomenon in the surge chamber.

[0028] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station, which can reasonably determine the height of the surge chamber while ensuring safety according to the surge extreme value.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of this embodiment includes:

[0030] Step 101, obtaining the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel of the target hydropower station at the target water flow section position and the surge data of the surge chamber at the target water flow position.

[0031] In this step, in order to quickly and accurately solve the surge extreme value of the surge chamber, the present application comprehensively considers the water transfer tunnel flow velocity of the target hydropower station at the target water flow section position and the surge data of the surge chamber at the target water flow position.

[0032] Step 102, determining the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm corresponding to the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel.

[0033] In this step, in order to better ensure the operation safety of the target hydropower station under the combined working conditions, it is necessary to consider the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel separately, determine the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm corresponding to the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel, and thus make the most unfavorable superposition time obtained later more accurate.

[0034] Step 103, processing the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time.

[0035] In this step, the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm is used to process the surge data based on the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel and the surge chamber, so that the obtained most unfavorable superposition time can be more accurate.

[0036] Step 104, obtaining the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe corresponding to the current combined operating condition of the target hydropower station and the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition, processing the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe through a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined operating condition, obtaining the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position, and determining the height of the surge chamber at the target water flow section position according to the surge extreme value.

[0037] In this step, the possible combined operating conditions are fully considered, and through the surge extreme value determination algorithm corresponding to the current combined operating condition, the surge extreme value at the most unfavorable superposition moment can be determined, which is the control value of the surge chamber height design.

[0038] Through the above scheme, in order to better ensure the operational safety of the target hydropower station under the combined operating conditions, the present application uses the most unfavorable superposition moment algorithm to process the surge data of the water transfer tunnel flow velocity and the surge chamber to obtain the most unfavorable superposition moment, and then comprehensively considers the possible combined operating conditions. Based on the flow in the pressure pipeline main pipe of the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition, the surge extreme value determination algorithm corresponding to the current combined operating condition can be used to determine the surge extreme value at the most unfavorable superposition moment, which is the control value of the surge chamber height design, and then according to the surge extreme value, the height of the surge chamber can be reasonably determined while ensuring safety.

[0039] In some embodiments, the most unfavorable superposition moment includes a first most unfavorable superposition moment and a second most unfavorable superposition moment, the target water flow section position includes an upstream position and a downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel.

[0040] Step 103 includes:

[0041] Step A1, in response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being greater than a preset first water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold value, and the target water flow segment position being an upstream position, the flow data Q of the upstream pressure pipe main in the pre-constructed upstream water diversion tunnel equation is calculated according to mQ0. t1 Performing value assignment processing to obtain the flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel;

[0042] The water conveyance tunnel equation at the upstream position is specifically:

[0043]

[0044] Wherein, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, Q t1 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the upstream position;

[0045] The flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel is specifically:

[0046]

[0047] Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, V y1 Indicates the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel.

[0048] Step A2: calculate the flow data Q in the upstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed upstream surge chamber continuity equation according to mQ0. p1 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the first surge chamber;

[0049] The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the upstream position is specifically:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, h y1 represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, and L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the upstream position, f p1 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, Q p1 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents the time, h p1 Indicates the head loss generated by flowing into and out of the surge chamber;

[0052] The water level equation of the first surge chamber is specifically:

[0053]

[0054] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y1，0 It represents the head loss of the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0.

[0055] Step A3, substituting the first water diversion tunnel flow velocity equation and the first surge chamber water level equation into the pre-constructed first surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the water diversion tunnel flow velocity to obtain a first substitution equation;

[0056] The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the first surge chamber is specifically:

[0057]

[0058] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1 represents the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel;

[0059] The first substitution equation is specifically:

[0060]

[0061] Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, and f y1 Represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel.

[0062] Step A4: Substituting the first substitution equation into the first substitution equation, a substituted first substitution equation is obtained;

[0063] The first substitution equation after substitution is specifically:

[0064]

[0065] Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position.

[0066] Step A5: Substituting the first substitution equation into the substituted equation, a first most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel at the upstream position is obtained;

[0067] The first most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, t 1i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the upstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 1i Multiple phase solutions of the surge in the upstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0070] Step A6, processing the surge data of the surge chamber through the first most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the first most unfavorable superposition time. Or,

[0071] Step A7, in response to the tailwater tunnel flow velocity being greater than a preset first tailwater tunnel flow velocity threshold value, and the target water flow section position being a downstream position, calculating the flow data Q of the downstream pressure pipe main in the pre-constructed downstream water delivery tunnel equation according to mQ0 t2 Performing value assignment processing, obtaining the flow velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel;

[0072] The water conveyance tunnel equation at the downstream position is specifically:

[0073]

[0074] Wherein, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the tailwater tunnel, Q t2 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the downstream position;

[0075] The velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel is specifically:

[0076]

[0077] Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station under the initial operating condition, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the tailwater tunnel area, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream location, t represents time, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream location, V y2 It represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel.

[0078] Step A8, according to mQ0, the flow data Q in the downstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed downstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p2 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the second surge chamber;

[0079] The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the downstream position is specifically:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, L y2 represents the length of the tailrace tunnel, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the tailwater tunnel, h y2represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, and L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the downstream position, f p2 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q p2 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber at the downstream position, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents time, and h represents the p2 represents the head loss generated by the surge tank flowing into and out of the downstream position;

[0082] The water level equation of the second surge chamber is specifically:

[0083]

[0084] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0085] Step A9, substituting the flow velocity equation of the second water transfer tunnel and the water level equation of the second surge chamber into the pre-constructed initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation of the second surge chamber corresponding to the flow velocity of the tailwater tunnel to obtain a second substitution equation;

[0086] The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the second surge chamber is specifically:

[0087]

[0088] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the downstream surge chamber, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel at the downstream location, V y2 represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel;

[0089] The second substitution equation is specifically:

[0090]

[0091] Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the downstream surge chamber, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, and f y2 Represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel at the downstream location.

[0092] Step A10: Substituting the second substitution equation into the second substitution equation, a substituted second substitution equation is obtained;

[0093] The second substitution equation after substitution is specifically:

[0094]

[0095] Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α2 represents the tailwater tunnel head loss coefficient, β2 represents the downstream surge chamber head loss coefficient, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position.

[0096] Step A11: Substituting the substituted second substitution equation, a second most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the diversion tunnel at the downstream position is obtained;

[0097] The second most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, t 2i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the downstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 2i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the downstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase of the surge chamber at the downstream position, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, A2 represents the surge amplitude, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0100] Step A12, processing the surge data of the surge chamber through the second most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the second most unfavorable superposition time.

[0101] In the above scheme, when the flow velocity V y1 Satisfy greater than mQ0 / f y1 (i.e., the flow velocity threshold of the first water diversion tunnel) (m>0), and when the target water flow section is located at an upstream position, the first most unfavorable superposition time can be made more accurate based on the initial working condition of the first surge chamber-superposition working condition equation. Alternatively, when the target water flow section is located at a downstream position, the second most unfavorable superposition time can be made more accurate based on the initial working condition of the second surge chamber-superposition working condition equation, thereby improving the operating safety of the target hydropower station.

[0102] In some embodiments, the surge extremes include a first surge extreme at the upstream position and a first surge extreme at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailrace tunnel.

[0103] In step 104, the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline is processed by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section, including:

[0104] Step B1, in response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and load rejection later, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation of a surge chamber for load increase at the upstream position is substituted into a pre-constructed surge equation of a surge chamber for load increase based on the flow mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation of a surge chamber for a first initial operating condition;

[0105] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0106]

[0107] in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase.

[0108] Step B2: Substituting the first most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the first initial operating condition surge chamber to obtain the amplitude of the first initial operating condition end point: and the phase of the first initial condition end point

[0109] Step B3: The amplitude ω1 of the first initial operating condition endpoint and the phase Substitute the pre-constructed first surge extreme value occurrence time equation into the equation to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the first superposition condition;

[0110] The first surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically:

[0111]

[0112] in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 It represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber.

[0113] Step B4, substituting the amplitude of the end point of the first initial operating condition, the phase of the end point of the first initial operating condition, and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the first superposition condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the load rejection at the upstream position constructed in advance for processing, so as to obtain the first surge extreme value at the upstream position;

[0114] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the upstream load rejection is specifically:

[0115]

[0116] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference, η h =h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 A represents the head loss in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents the time, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1，0 It represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0. Or,

[0117] Step B5, in response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and load rejection later, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the downstream position of the load increase is assigned a value based on the flow rate mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition;

[0118] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0119]

[0120] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0121] Step B6, substituting the second most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the second initial operating condition surge chamber to obtain the amplitude of the second initial operating condition end point and the phase of the second initial operating condition end point.

[0122] Step B7, substituting the amplitude of the end point of the second initial operating condition and the phase of the end point of the second initial operating condition into the pre-constructed second surge extreme value occurrence time equation to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the second superposition operating condition;

[0123] The second surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically:

[0124]

[0125] in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, π represents pi, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber.

[0126] Step B8, substituting the amplitude of the second initial operating condition end point, the phase of the second initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the second superposition condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the downstream position for processing, and obtaining the first surge extreme value at the downstream position;

[0127] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the downstream load rejection is specifically:

[0128]

[0129] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference of a circle, represents the initial phase of the surge, t2 represents the time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h pi，0 / h yi，0 ,h pi，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h yi，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, h y2，0 V represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0. y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0130] In the above scheme, if all the no-load running units that share the upstream and downstream surge chambers of the same hydraulic unit are started up at the same time and increased to full load, at the most unfavorable superposition moment, all the normally operating units suddenly shed load (that is, the current combined operating condition is to increase load first and then shed load), and when the target water flow section is located at the upstream position, the highest surge usually occurs when a connecting pipe surge chamber is set at the upstream position. The surge equation of the surge chamber for load shedding at the upstream position can be accurately obtained to obtain the first surge extreme value at the upstream position. However, when the target water flow section is located at the downstream position, a connecting pipe surge chamber is set at the downstream position of the downstream position, and the lowest surge usually occurs when the target hydropower station is in the condition of first increasing load and then shedding load. The surge equation of the surge chamber for load shedding at the downstream position can be accurately obtained to obtain the first surge extreme value at the downstream position.

[0131] In some embodiments, the most unfavorable superposition moment includes a third most unfavorable superposition moment and a fourth most unfavorable superposition moment, the target water flow section position includes an upstream position and a downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel.

[0132] In step 103, the surge data based on the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel and the surge chamber are processed using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time, including:

[0133] Step C1, in response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being greater than the preset second water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold and less than or equal to the preset first water diversion tunnel threshold, and the target water flow segment position being the upstream position, the flow data Q of the upstream pressure pipe main in the pre-constructed upstream water diversion tunnel equation is calculated according to mQ0. t1 Performing value assignment processing to obtain the flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel;

[0134] The water conveyance tunnel equation at the upstream position is specifically:

[0135]

[0136] Wherein, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, Q t1 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the upstream position;

[0137] The flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel is specifically:

[0138]

[0139] Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y1represents the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, V y1 Indicates the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel.

[0140] Step C2, according to mQ0, the flow data Q in the upstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed upstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p1 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the first surge chamber;

[0141] The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the upstream position is specifically:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, h y1 represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, and L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the upstream position, f p1 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, Q p1 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents the time, h p1 Indicates the head loss generated by flowing into and out of the surge chamber;

[0144] The water level equation of the first surge chamber is specifically:

[0145]

[0146] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y1，0 It represents the head loss of the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0.

[0147] Step C3, substituting the first water diversion tunnel flow velocity equation and the first surge chamber water level equation into a pre-constructed third surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the water diversion tunnel flow velocity to obtain a third substitution equation;

[0148] The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the third surge chamber is specifically:

[0149]

[0150] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1 represents the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel;

[0151] The third substitution equation is specifically:

[0152]

[0153] Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the water diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, and f y1 Represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel.

[0154] Step C4: Substituting the third substitution equation into the equation, a third substitution equation is obtained;

[0155] The third substitution equation after substitution is specifically:

[0156]

[0157] Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the upstream surge chamber, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position;

[0158] Step C5: Substituting the substituted third substitution equation, a third most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel at the upstream position is obtained;

[0159] The third most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically:

[0160]

[0161] Among them, t 1i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the upstream surge chamber. Indicates that at t 1i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the upstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase of the surge chamber at the upstream position, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0162] Step C6, processing the surge data of the surge chamber through the third most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the third most unfavorable superposition time. Or,

[0163] Step C7, in response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being greater than the preset second water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold and less than or equal to the preset first water diversion tunnel threshold, and the target water flow segment position being the downstream position, the flow data Q of the pressure pipe main in the downstream position in the pre-constructed water diversion tunnel equation at the downstream position is calculated according to mQ0 t2 Performing value assignment processing, obtaining the flow velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel;

[0164] The water conveyance tunnel equation at the upstream position is specifically:

[0165]

[0166] Wherein, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, Qy2 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, Q t2 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the downstream position;

[0167] The velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel is specifically:

[0168]

[0169] Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the tailwater tunnel area, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream location, t represents time, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream location, V y2 It represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel.

[0170] Step C8, according to mQ0, the flow data Q in the downstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed downstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p2 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the second surge chamber;

[0171] The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the downstream position is specifically:

[0172]

[0173] Among them, L y2 represents the length of the tailrace tunnel, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, h y2 represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, and L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the downstream position, f p2 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q p2 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber at the downstream position, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents time, and h represents the p2 represents the head loss generated by the surge tank flowing into and out of the downstream position;

[0174] The water level equation of the second surge chamber is specifically:

[0175]

[0176] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0177] Step C9, substituting the second water diversion tunnel flow velocity equation and the second surge chamber water level equation into a pre-constructed fourth surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the water diversion tunnel flow velocity to obtain a fourth substitution equation;

[0178] The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the fourth surge chamber is specifically:

[0179]

[0180] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the downstream position, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, V y2 represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel;

[0181] The fourth substitution equation is specifically:

[0182]

[0183] Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the downstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, and f y2 Represents the area of ​​the tailrace tunnel.

[0184] Step C10: Substituting the fourth substitution equation into the fourth substitution equation, obtaining a substituted fourth substitution equation;

[0185] The fourth substitution equation after substitution is specifically:

[0186]

[0187] Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α2 represents the tailwater tunnel head loss coefficient, β2 represents the downstream surge chamber head loss coefficient, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position.

[0188] Step C11: Substituting the substituted fourth substitution equation into the equation, a fourth most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the tailwater tunnel at the downstream position is obtained;

[0189] The fourth most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically:

[0190]

[0191] Among them, t 2i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the downstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 2i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the downstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase of the surge chamber at the downstream position, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, A2 represents the surge amplitude, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0192] Step C12, processing the surge data of the surge chamber through the fourth most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the fourth most unfavorable superposition time.

[0193] In the above scheme, when the flow velocity V y1 Greater than 0 (i.e., the flow velocity threshold of the second diversion tunnel), less than or equal to mQ0 / f y1 (i.e., the first diversion tunnel threshold) (m>0), and when the target water flow section is located at the upstream position, the corresponding third most unfavorable superposition time can be made more accurate based on the initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the third surge chamber. Alternatively, when the target water flow section is located at the downstream position, the corresponding fourth most unfavorable superposition time can be made more accurate based on the initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the fourth surge chamber, thereby improving the operating safety of the target hydropower station.

[0194] In some embodiments, the surge extreme value includes a second surge extreme value at the upstream position and a second surge extreme value at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailrace tunnel.

[0195] In step 104, the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline is processed by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section, including:

[0196] Step D1, in response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load shedding, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation of a surge chamber of a load increase at an upstream position is substituted into a pre-constructed surge equation of a surge chamber of a third initial operating condition based on a flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation of a surge chamber of a third initial operating condition;

[0197] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0198]

[0199] in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase.

[0200] Step D2, substituting the first most unfavorable superposition moment or the third most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the third initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude of the end point of the third initial operating condition and the phase of the end point of the third initial operating condition.

[0201] Step D3, substituting the amplitude of the end point of the third initial operating condition and the phase of the end point of the third initial operating condition into the pre-constructed first surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load rejection at the upstream position or the third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load increase at the upstream position, to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the third superposition operating condition;

[0202] The first surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically:

[0203]

[0204] in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber;

[0205] The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0206]

[0207] in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, t represents time, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 1，0 Indicates the initial surge amplitude.

[0208] Step D4, substituting the amplitude of the end point of the third initial operating condition, the phase of the end point of the third initial operating condition and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the third superposition operating condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the load rejection at the upstream position constructed in advance for processing, so as to obtain the second surge extreme value at the upstream position;

[0209] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the upstream load rejection is specifically:

[0210]

[0211] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 A represents the head loss in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents the time, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1，0 It represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0. Or,

[0212] Step D5, in response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load shedding, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the downstream position with increased load constructed in advance is assigned based on the flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the fourth initial operating condition;

[0213] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0214]

[0215] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0216] Step D6, substituting the second most unfavorable superposition moment or the fourth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the fourth initial operating condition surge chamber to obtain the amplitude of the fourth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the fourth initial operating condition end point.

[0217] Step D7, substituting the amplitude of the fourth initial operating condition endpoint and the phase of the fourth initial operating condition endpoint into the pre-constructed first surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load rejection at the downstream position or the third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load increase at the downstream position, to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the fourth superposition operating condition;

[0218] The second surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically:

[0219]

[0220] in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber;

[0221] The equation for the occurrence time of the third surge extreme value of the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0222]

[0223] in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, A 2，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber.

[0224] Step D8, substituting the amplitude of the fourth initial operating condition end point, the phase of the fourth initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the fourth superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the downstream position for processing, to obtain the second surge extreme value at the downstream position;

[0225] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the downstream load rejection is specifically:

[0226]

[0227] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference of a circle, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, t2 represents the time, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 It represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0228] In the above scheme, if all the normally operating units of the same hydraulic unit share the upstream and downstream surge chambers, and some of the units suddenly shed load, at the most unfavorable superposition moment, the other normally operating units shed load successively (that is, the current combined operating condition is load shedding first and then load shedding), and when the target water flow section position is the upstream position, the successive load shedding operating condition is also a common operating condition for the highest surge in the surge chamber of the connecting pipe at the upstream position. The surge equation of the surge chamber of the upstream position for the load shedding can accurately obtain the second surge extreme value at the upstream position. However, when the target water flow section position is the downstream position, the lowest surge usually occurs when the power station has a successive load shedding condition, and the surge equation of the surge chamber of the downstream position for the load shedding can accurately obtain the second surge extreme value at the downstream position.

[0229] In some embodiments, the surge extremes include a third surge extreme at the upstream position and a third surge extreme at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailrace tunnel.

[0230] In step 104, the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline is processed by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section, including:

[0231] Step E1, in response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and then load increase, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, assigning a value to a surge equation of a surge chamber for load increase at the upstream position constructed in advance based on the flow rate mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation of a surge chamber for a first initial operating condition;

[0232] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0233]

[0234] middle, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase.

[0235] Step E2, substituting the third most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude of the fifth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the fifth initial operating condition end point.

[0236] Step E3, substituting the amplitude of the end point of the fifth initial operating condition and the phase of the end point of the fifth initial operating condition into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the fifth superposition operating condition;

[0237] The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0238]

[0239] in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, t represents time, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 1,0 Indicates the initial surge amplitude.

[0240] Step E4, substituting the amplitude of the end point of the fifth initial operating condition, the phase of the end point of the fifth initial operating condition, and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the fifth superposition condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the upstream position for processing, to obtain the third surge extreme value at the upstream position;

[0241] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0242]

[0243] in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, Lp1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents the circumference of a circle, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase. Or,

[0244] Step E5, in response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and then load increase, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, assigning a value to a surge equation of a surge chamber for load increase at a downstream position that is pre-constructed based on the flow rate mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation of a surge chamber for a second initial operating condition;

[0245] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0246]

[0247] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0248] Step E6, substituting the fourth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude of the sixth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the sixth initial operating condition end point.

[0249] Step E7, substituting the amplitude of the sixth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the sixth initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the downstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the sixth superposition operating condition;

[0250] The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0251]

[0252] in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, A 2，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber.

[0253] Step E8, substituting the amplitude of the sixth initial operating condition end point, the phase of the sixth initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the sixth superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the increased load at the downstream position for processing, to obtain the third surge extreme value at the downstream position;

[0254] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0255]

[0256] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y1，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is v0.

[0257] In the above scheme, if all the no-load running units of the same hydraulic unit share the upstream and downstream surge chambers, and some of the units are started up and increased to full load, at the most unfavorable superposition moment, the other no-load running units are successively started up and increased to full load (that is, the current combined working condition is to increase the load first and then increase the load), and when the target water flow section is located at the upstream position, when the power station receives the instruction from the power center to be in the working condition of increasing the load successively, the upstream connecting pipe surge chamber is prone to the lowest surge, and the surge equation of the surge chamber with increased load at the upstream position can accurately obtain the third surge extreme value at the upstream position. However, when the target water flow section is located at the downstream position, the water level of the downstream connecting pipe surge chamber rises first and then falls, and the surge chamber may have the highest surge. The surge equation of the surge chamber with increased load at the downstream position can accurately obtain the third surge extreme value at the downstream position.

[0258] In some embodiments, the most unfavorable superposition moment includes a fifth most unfavorable superposition moment and a sixth most unfavorable superposition moment, the target water flow section position includes an upstream position and a downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel.

[0259] Step 103 includes:

[0260] Step F1, in response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being less than or equal to the preset second water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, Substituting the pre-constructed fifth surge chamber initial condition-superposition condition equation into the fifth substitution equation;

[0261] The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the fifth surge chamber is specifically:

[0262]

[0263] Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel;

[0264] The fifth substitution equation is specifically:

[0265]

[0266] Among them, A1 represents the surge amplitude, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, represents the surge phase, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, q represents the flow of the operating unit at the upstream position, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, and k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station.

[0267] Step F2, Substituting the pre-constructed velocity equation for the first water diversion tunnel into the equation, the sixth substitution equation is obtained;

[0268] The flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel is specifically:

[0269]

[0270] Among them, f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, and t represents time;

[0271] The sixth substitution equation is specifically:

[0272]

[0273] Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents the time, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, Lp1 Indicates the length of the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber.

[0274] Step F3, Substituting the sixth substitution equation into the equation and combining it with the fifth substitution equation, the fifth most unfavorable superposition time equation is obtained;

[0275] The fifth most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically:

[0276]

[0277] Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, t 1i Indicates the surge superposition time of the upstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 1i Multiple phase solutions of the surge in the upstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., Indicates the initial value of the surge phase of the upstream surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, π represents the ratio of a circle to a circle, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, V y1，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0278] Step F4, based on the surge data of the surge chamber, the fifth most unfavorable superposition time equation is used to process the surge data to obtain the fifth most unfavorable superposition time. Or,

[0279] Step F5, in response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being less than or equal to the preset second water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, Substituting the pre-constructed initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation of the sixth surge chamber into the equation, the seventh substitution equation is obtained;

[0280] The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the sixth surge chamber is specifically:

[0281]

[0282] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the downstream position, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel;

[0283] The seventh substitution equation is specifically:

[0284]

[0285] Among them, A2 represents the surge amplitude, α2 represents the tailwater tunnel head loss coefficient, represents the surge phase, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, q represents the flow of the operating unit at the downstream location, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, and k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station.

[0286] Step F6, Substituting the pre-constructed velocity equation for the second water diversion tunnel into the equation, we obtain the eighth substitution equation;

[0287] The velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel is specifically:

[0288]

[0289] Among them, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, and t represents time;

[0290] The eighth substitution equation is specifically:

[0291]

[0292] Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents the time, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, Lp2 Indicates the length of the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber.

[0293] Step F7, Substituting the eighth substitution equation into the equation, and combining it with the seventh substitution equation, the sixth most unfavorable superposition time equation is obtained;

[0294] The sixth most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically:

[0295]

[0296] Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, L y1 represents the length of the tailrace tunnel, t 2i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the downstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 2i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the downstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., Indicates the initial value of the surge phase in the downstream surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2,0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2,0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0297] Step F8, processing the surge data of the surge chamber through the sixth most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the sixth most unfavorable superposition time.

[0298] In the above scheme, when the flow velocity V y1 When it is less than 0 (i.e., the second water diversion tunnel velocity threshold) (m=0), this situation generally occurs when the unit is loaded after load shedding and then increased. At this time, the water diversion tunnel velocity is negative at the most unfavorable superposition moment. If the nonlinear asymptotic method is directly used to solve it, it is necessary to fit the amplitude attenuation rate with a quadratic polynomial, and the calculation process is complicated. Therefore, it is assumed that there is a unit with a flow rate of q still in operation under this condition, so that V y1 =0, based on this condition, when the target water flow section is located at the upstream position, the fifth surge chamber initial working condition-superposition working condition equation can be obtained, and the corresponding fifth most unfavorable superposition time can be made more accurate based on this equation. Or when the target water flow section is located at the downstream position, the sixth surge chamber initial working condition-superposition working condition equation can make the corresponding sixth most unfavorable superposition time more accurate, thereby improving the operating safety of the target hydropower station.

[0299] In some embodiments, the surge extremes include a fourth surge extreme at the upstream position and a fourth surge extreme at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailrace tunnel.

[0300] In step 104, the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline is processed by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section, including:

[0301] Step G1, in response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load increasing, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position of the load increase that is pre-constructed is assigned based on the flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition;

[0302] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0303]

[0304] in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=hp1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase.

[0305] Step G2, substituting the fifth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude of the seventh initial operating condition end point and the phase of the seventh initial operating condition end point.

[0306] Step G3, substituting the amplitude of the seventh initial operating condition end point and the phase of the seventh initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the seventh superposition operating condition;

[0307] The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0308]

[0309] in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, t represents time, η1=h p1，0 / / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1,0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 1，0 Indicates the initial surge amplitude.

[0310] Step G4, substituting the amplitude of the seventh initial operating condition end point, the phase of the seventh initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the seventh superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the upstream position for processing, and obtaining the fourth surge extreme value at the upstream position;

[0311] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically:

[0312]

[0313] in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h pi，0 / h yi，0 ,h pi，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h yi，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1,0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase. Or,

[0314] Step G5, in response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load increasing, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, assigning a value to a surge equation of a surge chamber of a downstream position for load increase based on a flow rate of 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation of a surge chamber of a second initial operating condition;

[0315] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0316]

[0317] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0318] Step G6, substituting the sixth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the second initial operating condition surge chamber to obtain the amplitude of the eighth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the eighth initial operating condition end point.

[0319] Step G7, substituting the amplitude of the eighth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the eighth initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the downstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the eighth superposition operating condition;

[0320] The equation for the occurrence time of the third surge extreme value of the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0321]

[0322] in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, hy2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, A 2，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber.

[0323] Step G8, substituting the amplitude of the eighth initial operating condition end point, the phase of the eighth initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the eighth superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the increased load at the downstream position for processing, to obtain the fourth surge extreme value at the downstream position;

[0324] The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically:

[0325]

[0326] Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, where Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It indicates the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

[0327] In the above scheme, if all the normally operating units sharing the upstream and downstream surge chambers of the same hydraulic unit suddenly shed load, at the most unfavorable superposition moment, the unloaded operating units are successively increased to full load (that is, the current combined operating condition is to shed load first and then increase load), and when the target water flow section is located at the upstream position, the first shed load and then increase load condition is usually the control condition of the lowest surge in the upstream connecting pipe surge chamber, and its initial condition is the load shedding condition and the superposition condition is the load increase condition. At this time, at the most unfavorable superposition moment, the flow velocity in the water diversion tunnel is negative. In order to avoid the complex process of fitting the amplitude attenuation rate by a quadratic polynomial using the nonlinear asymptotic method, it is assumed that there is a unit with a flow rate of q still in operation under this condition, so that the flow rate in the water diversion tunnel is equal to 0. Based on this condition, the flow change state in the pressure main pipe of the power station in the initial condition is KQ0+q to q. The surge equation of the surge chamber with increased load at the upstream position can accurately obtain the fourth surge extreme value at the upstream position. However, when the target water flow section is located at the downstream position, the condition of first shedding the load and then increasing the load is generally the control condition of the highest surge in the downstream connecting pipe surge chamber. The surge equation of the surge chamber with increased load at the downstream position is used to accurately obtain the fourth surge extreme value at the downstream position.

[0328] In some embodiments, based on the surge data Z of the surge chamber i , the head loss h generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0 pi，0 , the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0 h yi，0 , the water flow velocity V in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0 yi，0 , the large well area F of the surge chamber i and the flow rate f in the diversion tunnel yi The head loss h of the surge tank of the target hydropower station is determined by the following formula pi : Among them, η i =h pi，0 / h yi，0 , where i = 1, indicating upstream, and i = 2, indicating downstream. Based on the preset head loss coefficient α of the diversion tunnel i and the flow velocity V in the diversion tunnel yi The head loss h of the diversion tunnel of the target hydropower station is determined by the following formula: yi :h yi =α i V yi |V yi |.

[0329] also, α i is the comprehensive loss coefficient of the water conveyance tunnel. β iis the comprehensive loss coefficient of the inflow and outflow of the surge chamber with connecting pipe, let β = ηα, the flow velocity in the connecting pipe can be expressed as the differential of the water level in the surge chamber: Depend on It can be seen that when the flow rate in the water diversion tunnel is Q0, the flow velocity V in the water diversion tunnel is y0 , at this time the loss in the water diversion tunnel is So we can get In summary, we can get the following formula:

[0330] It should be noted that the method of the embodiment of the present application can be performed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scenario and completed by multiple devices cooperating with each other. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the multiple devices can only perform one or more steps in the method of the embodiment of the present application, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the described method.

[0331] It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0332] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiments and methods, the present application also provides a device for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station.

[0333] refer to Figure 2 The device for determining the height of the surge chamber of a hydropower station comprises:

[0334] An acquisition module 201 is configured to acquire a flow velocity of a water conveyance tunnel of a target hydropower station at a target water flow section and a water level of a surge chamber at the target water flow section;

[0335] An algorithm determination module 202 is configured to determine a most unfavorable superposition time algorithm corresponding to the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel;

[0336] The time determination module 203 is configured to process the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time;

[0337] The height determination module 204 is configured to obtain the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe corresponding to the current combined operating condition of the target hydropower station and the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition, and process the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe through a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined operating condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position, and determine the height of the surge chamber at the target water flow section position according to the surge extreme value.

[0338] For the convenience of description, the above device is described in terms of functions divided into various modules. Of course, when implementing the present application, the functions of each module can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware.

[0339] The device of the above embodiment is used to implement the corresponding method for determining the height of the surge chamber of a hydropower station in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0340] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiments and methods, the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0341] Figure 3 A more specific schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in this embodiment is shown, and the device may include: a processor 301, a memory 302, an input / output interface 303, a communication interface 304, and a bus 305. The processor 301, the memory 302, the input / output interface 303, and the communication interface 304 are connected to each other in communication within the device through the bus 305.

[0342] The processor 301 can be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0343] The memory 302 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 302 can store operating systems and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program codes are stored in the memory 402 and called and executed by the processor 301.

[0344] The input / output interface 303 is used to connect the input / output module to realize information input and output. The input / output module can be configured in the device as a component (not shown in the figure), or it can be externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. The input device can include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, various sensors, etc., and the output device can include a display, a speaker, a vibrator, an indicator light, etc.

[0345] The communication interface 304 is used to connect a communication module (not shown) to realize communication interaction between the device and other devices. The communication module can realize communication through wired means (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0346] The bus 305 comprises a pathway for transmitting information between the various components of the device (eg, the processor 301 , the memory 302 , the input / output interface 303 , and the communication interface 304 ).

[0347] It should be noted that, although the above device only shows the processor 301, the memory 302, the input / output interface 303, the communication interface 304 and the bus 305, in the specific implementation process, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. In addition, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the above device may also only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of the present specification, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figure.

[0348] The electronic device of the above embodiment is used to implement the corresponding method for determining the height of the surge chamber of a hydropower station in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0349] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiment methods, the present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the method of the device for determining the height of the pressure regulating chamber of a hydropower station as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0350] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, read-only compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.

[0351] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiment are used to enable the computer to execute the method for determining the height of the surge chamber of a hydropower station as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0352] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application (including the claims) is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0353] In addition, to simplify the description and discussion, and in order not to make the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, the known power supply / ground connection with the integrated circuit (IC) chip and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. In addition, the device can be shown in the form of a block diagram to avoid making the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform to be implemented in the embodiments of the present application (that is, these details should be fully within the scope of understanding of those skilled in the art). In the case of elaborating specific details (e.g., circuits) to describe exemplary embodiments of the present application, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented without these specific details or when these specific details are changed. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0354] Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present application, many replacements, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the embodiments discussed.

[0355] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the height of a surge chamber of a hydropower station, characterized in that: include: Acquiring the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel of the target hydropower station at the target water flow section and the surge data of the surge chamber at the target water flow position; Determine the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm corresponding to the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel; Based on the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber, the most unfavorable superposition time is processed using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time; The flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe corresponding to the current combined operating condition of the target hydropower station and the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition is obtained, and the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position is obtained based on the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe through a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined operating condition, and the height of the surge chamber at the target water flow section position is determined according to the surge extreme value.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The most unfavorable superposition time includes a first most unfavorable superposition time and a second most unfavorable superposition time, the target water flow section position includes an upstream position and a downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the surge data based on the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time includes: In response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being greater than the preset first water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold value, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, the flow data Q of the upstream pressure pipe main pipe in the pre-constructed upstream water diversion tunnel equation is calculated according to mQ0. t1 Performing value assignment processing to obtain the flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel; The water conveyance tunnel equation at the upstream position is specifically: Wherein, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, Q t1 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the upstream position; The flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel is specifically: Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, V y1 represents the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel; According to mQ0, the flow data Q in the upstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed upstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p1 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the first surge chamber; The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the upstream position is specifically: Among them, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, h y1 represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, and L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the upstream position, f p1 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, Q p1 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents the time, h p1 Indicates the head loss generated by flowing into and out of the surge chamber; The water level equation of the first surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y1，0 It represents the head loss of the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0; Substituting the first water diversion tunnel flow velocity equation and the first surge chamber water level equation into the pre-constructed first surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the water diversion tunnel flow velocity to obtain a first substitution equation; The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the first surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1 represents the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel; The first substitution equation is specifically: Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel; Will Substituting the first substitution equation into the first substitution equation, a first substitution equation after substitution is obtained; The first substitution equation after substitution is specifically: Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position; Will Substituting the first substitution equation into the substituted equation, a first most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel at the upstream position is obtained; The first most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically: Among them, t 1i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the upstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 1i Multiple phase solutions of the surge in the upstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 represents the water flow velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0; The surge data based on the surge chamber is processed by the first most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the first most unfavorable superposition time; or, In response to the tailwater tunnel flow velocity being greater than a preset first tailwater tunnel flow velocity threshold, and the target water flow segment position being a downstream position, the flow data Q in the downstream pressure pipe main pipe in the pre-constructed downstream water delivery tunnel equation is calculated according to mQ0. t2 Performing value assignment processing, obtaining the flow velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel; The water conveyance tunnel equation at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the tailwater tunnel, Q t2 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the downstream position; The velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel is specifically: Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station under the initial operating condition, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the tailwater tunnel area, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream location, t represents time, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream location, V y2 represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel; According to mQ0, the flow data Q in the downstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed downstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p2 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the second surge chamber; The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the downstream position is specifically: Among them, L y2 represents the length of the tailrace tunnel, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the tailwater tunnel, h y2 represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, and L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the downstream position, f p2 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q p2 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber at the downstream position, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents time, and h represents the p2 Represents the head loss generated by the surge tank flowing into and out of the downstream position; The water level equation of the second surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; Substituting the second water transfer tunnel flow velocity equation and the second surge chamber water level equation into the pre-constructed second surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the tailwater tunnel flow velocity to obtain a second substitution equation; The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the second surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the downstream surge chamber, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, and h y2 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel at the downstream location, V y2 represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel; The second substitution equation is specifically: Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the downstream surge chamber, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the headrace tunnel at the downstream location; Will Substituting the second substitution equation into the second substitution equation, a substituted second substitution equation is obtained; The second substitution equation after substitution is specifically: Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α2 represents the tailwater tunnel head loss coefficient, β2 represents the downstream surge chamber head loss coefficient, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y2 Indicates the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position; Will Substituting the substituted second substitution equation, a second most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the diversion tunnel at the downstream position is obtained; The second most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically: Among them, t 2i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the downstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 2i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the downstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase of the surge chamber at the downstream position, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, A2 represents the surge amplitude, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; The surge data of the surge chamber is processed by the second most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the second most unfavorable superposition time.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The surge extreme value includes a first surge extreme value at the upstream position and a first surge extreme value at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position includes: In response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and load rejection later, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position for the load increase is substituted into a pre-constructed surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position based on the flow mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V yl,0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase; Substitute the first most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the first initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude at the end of the first initial operating condition: and the phase of the first initial condition end point The amplitude ω1 of the first initial operating condition end point and the phase Substitute the pre-constructed first surge extreme value occurrence time equation into the equation to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the first superposition condition; The first surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically: in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; Substituting the amplitude of the end point of the first initial operating condition, the phase of the end point of the first initial operating condition and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the first superposition operating condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the load rejection at the upstream position constructed in advance for processing, so as to obtain the first surge extreme value at the upstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the upstream load rejection is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h y1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 A represents the head loss in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents the time, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1，0 It represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0; or In response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and load rejection later, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the downstream position for the load increase that is pre-constructed is assigned based on the flow rate mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h pi，0 / h yi，0 ,h pi，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h yi，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; Substituting the second most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition, to obtain the amplitude of the second initial operating condition end point and the phase of the second initial operating condition end point; Substituting the amplitude at the end point of the second initial working condition and the phase at the end point of the second initial working condition into the pre-constructed second surge extreme value occurrence time equation, to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the second superposition working condition; The second surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically: in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; Substituting the amplitude of the end point of the second initial operating condition, the phase of the end point of the second initial operating condition and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the second superposition operating condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the load rejection at the downstream position constructed in advance for processing, so as to obtain the first surge extreme value at the downstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the downstream load rejection is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference of a circle, represents the initial phase of the surge, t2 represents the time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h pi，0 / h yi，0 ,h pi，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h yi，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, h y2，0 V represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0. y2，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The most unfavorable superposition time includes the third most unfavorable superposition time and the fourth most unfavorable superposition time, the target water flow section position includes an upstream position and a downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the surge data based on the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel and the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time includes: In response to the flow rate of the water diversion tunnel being greater than the preset second water diversion tunnel flow rate threshold and less than or equal to the preset first water diversion tunnel threshold, and the target water flow segment position being the upstream position, the flow data Q of the upstream pressure pipe main in the pre-constructed upstream water diversion tunnel equation is calculated according to mQ0. t1 Performing value assignment processing to obtain the flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel; The water conveyance tunnel equation at the upstream position is specifically: Wherein, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, Q t1 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the upstream position; The flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel is specifically: Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f yy1 represents the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, V y1 represents the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel; According to mQ0, the flow data Q in the upstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed upstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p1 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the first surge chamber; The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the upstream position is specifically: Among them, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, Q y1 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, h y1 represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, and L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the upstream position, f p1 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, Q p1 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents the time, h p1 Indicates the head loss generated by flowing into and out of the surge chamber; The water level equation of the first surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y1，0 It represents the head loss of the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0; Substituting the first water diversion tunnel flow velocity equation and the first surge chamber water level equation into a pre-constructed third surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the water diversion tunnel flow velocity to obtain a third substitution equation; The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the third surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1 represents the flow velocity in the diversion tunnel; The third substitution equation is specifically: Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the water diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents time, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel; Will Substituting the third substitution equation into the equation, a third substitution equation is obtained; The third substitution equation after substitution is specifically: Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the upstream surge chamber, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position; Will Substituting the substituted third substitution equation, a third most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the diversion tunnel at the upstream position is obtained; The third most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically: Among them, t 1i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the upstream surge chamber. Indicates that at t 1i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the upstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase of the surge chamber at the upstream position, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V yl，0 represents the water flow velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0; The surge data based on the surge chamber is processed by the third most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the third most unfavorable superposition time; or, In response to the tailwater tunnel flow velocity being greater than the preset second tailwater tunnel flow velocity threshold and less than or equal to the preset first tailwater tunnel threshold, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, the flow data Q in the pressure pipeline main pipe at the downstream position in the pre-constructed downstream position water delivery tunnel equation is calculated according to mQ0. t2 Performing value assignment processing, obtaining the flow velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel; The water conveyance tunnel equation at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the tailwater tunnel, Q t2 Indicates the flow rate in the pressure pipe main at the downstream location; The velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel is specifically: Wherein, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the tailwater tunnel area, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream location, t represents time, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream location, V y2 represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel; According to mQ0, the flow data Q in the downstream surge chamber connecting pipe in the pre-constructed downstream surge chamber continuity equation is calculated. p2 Perform assignment processing to obtain the water level equation of the second surge chamber; The continuity equation of the surge chamber at the downstream position is specifically: Among them, L y2 represents the length of the tailrace tunnel, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, Q y2 represents the flow rate in the diversion tunnel, h y2 represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, and L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber at the downstream position, f p2 represents the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q p2 represents the flow rate in the connecting pipe of the pressure regulating chamber at the downstream position, g represents the acceleration of gravity, t represents time, and h represents the p2 represents the head loss generated by the surge tank flowing into and out of the downstream position; The water level equation of the second surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; Substituting the second water diversion tunnel flow velocity equation and the second surge chamber water level equation into a pre-constructed fourth surge chamber initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation corresponding to the water diversion tunnel flow velocity to obtain a fourth substitution equation; The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the fourth surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the downstream position, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, V y2 represents the flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel; The fourth substitution equation is specifically: Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, α2 represents the head loss coefficient of the tailwater tunnel, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the downstream position, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents time, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailrace tunnel; Will Substituting the fourth substitution equation into the fourth substitution equation, obtaining a substituted fourth substitution equation; The fourth substitution equation after substitution is specifically: Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, α2 represents the tailwater tunnel head loss coefficient, β2 represents the downstream surge chamber head loss coefficient, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating condition of the target hydropower station, m represents the number of operating units of the initial operating condition of the target hydropower station, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge tank at the downstream position; Will Substituting the substituted fourth substitution equation into the equation, a fourth most unfavorable superposition time equation corresponding to the flow velocity of the tailwater tunnel at the downstream position is obtained; The fourth most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically: Among them, t 2i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the downstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 2i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the downstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., represents the initial value of the surge phase of the surge chamber at the downstream position, m represents the number of operating units of the initial working condition of the target hydropower station, k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed working condition of the target hydropower station, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, A2 represents the surge amplitude, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; The surge data based on the surge chamber is processed by the fourth most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the fourth most unfavorable superposition time.

5. The method according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: The surge extreme value includes a second surge extreme value at the upstream position and a second surge extreme value at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position includes: In response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load shedding, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position with increased load is substituted into a pre-constructed surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position based on the flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the third initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase; Substituting the first most unfavorable superposition moment or the third most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the third initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude of the end point of the third initial operating condition and the phase of the end point of the third initial operating condition; Substituting the amplitude of the end point of the third initial working condition and the phase of the end point of the third initial working condition into the pre-constructed first surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load rejection at the upstream position or the third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load increase at the upstream position, to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the third superposition working condition; The first surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically: in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, and F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, t represents time, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 1，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge; Substituting the amplitude at the end point of the third initial operating condition, the phase at the end point of the third initial operating condition and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the third superposition operating condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the load rejection at the upstream position constructed in advance for processing, so as to obtain the second surge extreme value at the upstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the upstream load rejection is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 A represents the head loss in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents the time, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, V y1，0 It represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0; or In response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load shedding, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the load increase at the downstream position constructed in advance is assigned a value based on the flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the fourth initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; Substituting the second most unfavorable superposition moment or the fourth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the fourth initial operating condition to obtain the amplitude of the fourth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the fourth initial operating condition end point; Substituting the amplitude of the fourth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the fourth initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed first surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load rejection at the downstream position or the third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the load increase at the downstream position, to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the fourth superposition operating condition; The second surge extreme value occurrence time equation is specifically: in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, t represents the time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, π represents the circumference of a circle, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; The equation for the occurrence time of the third surge extreme value of the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, A 2，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; Substituting the amplitude of the fourth initial operating condition end point, the phase of the fourth initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the fourth superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the load rejection at the downstream position for processing, to obtain the second surge extreme value at the downstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the downstream load rejection is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, π represents the circumference of a circle, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, t2 represents the time, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 It represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The surge extreme value includes a third surge extreme value at the upstream position and a third surge extreme value at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position includes: In response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and then load increase, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position for the load increase that is pre-constructed is assigned based on the flow mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase; Substituting the third most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition, to obtain the amplitude of the fifth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the fifth initial operating condition end point; Substituting the amplitude of the fifth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the fifth initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the fifth superposition operating condition; The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, t represents time, η1=h p1，0 / h 1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 1，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge; Substituting the amplitude of the end point of the fifth initial operating condition, the phase of the end point of the fifth initial operating condition and the time of occurrence of the surge extreme value under the fifth superposition operating condition into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the increased load at the upstream position constructed in advance for processing, so as to obtain the third surge extreme value at the upstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase; or, In response to the current combined operating condition being load increase first and then load increase, and the initial operating condition being load increase, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the downstream position for the load increase that is pre-constructed is assigned based on the flow rate mQ0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load increase, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; Substituting the fourth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition, to obtain the amplitude of the sixth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the sixth initial operating condition end point; Substituting the amplitude of the sixth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the sixth initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the downstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the sixth superposition operating condition; The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, A 2，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; Substituting the amplitude of the sixth initial operating condition end point, the phase of the sixth initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the sixth superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the increased load at the downstream position for processing, to obtain the third surge extreme value at the downstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The most unfavorable superposition time includes the fifth most unfavorable superposition time and the sixth most unfavorable superposition time, the target water flow section position includes an upstream position and a downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the surge data based on the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel and the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time includes: In response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being less than or equal to the preset second water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, Substituting the pre-constructed fifth surge chamber initial condition-superposition condition equation into the fifth substitution equation; The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the fifth surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, β1 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the upstream position, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel; The fifth substitution equation is specifically: Among them, A1 represents the surge amplitude, α1 represents the head loss coefficient of the diversion tunnel, represents the surge phase, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, q represents the flow of the operating unit at the upstream position, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, and k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station; Will Substituting the pre-constructed velocity equation for the first water diversion tunnel into the equation, the sixth substitution equation is obtained; The flow velocity equation of the first water diversion tunnel is specifically: Among them, f y1 represents the area of ​​the water diversion tunnel, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, and t represents time; The sixth substitution equation is specifically: Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, t represents the time, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 Indicates the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber; Will Substituting the sixth substitution equation into the equation and combining it with the fifth substitution equation, the fifth most unfavorable superposition time equation is obtained; The fifth most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically: Where A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the upstream position, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, t 1i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the upstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 1i Multiple phase solutions of the surge in the upstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., Indicates the initial value of the surge phase of the upstream surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, π represents the ratio of a circle to a circle, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, V y1，0 represents the water flow velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0; The surge data based on the surge chamber is processed by the fifth most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the fifth most unfavorable superposition time; or, In response to the flow velocity of the water diversion tunnel being less than or equal to the preset second water diversion tunnel flow velocity threshold, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, Substituting the pre-constructed initial operating condition-superposition operating condition equation of the sixth surge chamber into the equation, the seventh substitution equation is obtained; The initial working condition-superposition working condition equation of the sixth surge chamber is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, β2 represents the head loss coefficient of the surge chamber at the downstream position, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow rate of the target hydropower station, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel; The seventh substitution equation is specifically: Among them, A2 represents the surge amplitude, α2 represents the tailwater tunnel head loss coefficient, represents the surge phase, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow of the target hydropower station, q represents the flow of the operating unit at the downstream location, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, and k represents the number of operating units of the superimposed operating conditions of the target hydropower station; Will Substituting the pre-constructed velocity equation for the second water diversion tunnel into the equation, we obtain the eighth substitution equation; The velocity equation of the second water diversion tunnel is specifically: Among them, f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, and t represents time; The eighth substitution equation is specifically: Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the downstream position, t represents the time, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 Indicates the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber; Will Substituting the eighth substitution equation into the equation, and combining it with the seventh substitution equation, the sixth most unfavorable superposition time equation is obtained; The sixth most unfavorable superposition time equation is specifically: Where A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, q represents the flow rate of the operating unit at the downstream position, L y1 represents the length of the tailrace tunnel, t 2i Indicates the surge superposition moment of the downstream surge chamber, Indicates that at t 2i Multiple phase solutions of surge in the downstream surge chamber at the initial condition at time i = 1, 2, 3, ..., Indicates the initial value of the surge phase in the downstream surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber at the upstream position, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; The surge data based on the surge chamber is processed through the sixth most unfavorable superposition time equation to obtain the sixth most unfavorable superposition time.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The surge extreme value includes a fourth surge extreme value at the upstream position and a fourth surge extreme value at the downstream position, and the water transfer tunnel includes a diversion tunnel and a tailwater tunnel; The method of processing the flow rate in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline by a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined working condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position includes: In response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load increasing, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the upstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the upstream position for the load increase that is pre-constructed is assigned based on the flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h p1，0 / h y1，0 ,h y1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, Indicates the surge phase; Substituting the fifth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the first initial operating condition, to obtain the amplitude of the seventh initial operating condition end point and the phase of the seventh initial operating condition end point; Substituting the amplitude of the seventh initial operating condition end point and the phase of the seventh initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position, to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the seventh superposition operating condition; The third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, Q0 represents the turbine reference flow, t represents time, η1=h p1，0 / h 1，0 ,h p1，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y1，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, A 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, Indicates the initial phase of the surge, A 1，0 represents the initial amplitude of the surge; Substituting the amplitude of the seventh initial operating condition end point, the phase of the seventh initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the seventh superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the increased load at the upstream position for processing, to obtain the fourth surge extreme value at the upstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the upstream position is specifically: in, Q0 represents the turbine flow rate, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, ω1 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, F1 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber, and f y1 represents the area of ​​the diversion tunnel, f p1 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y1 represents the length of the diversion tunnel, L p1 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η1=h pi，0 / h yi，0 ,h pi，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h yi，0 represents the head loss in the water diversion tunnel when the turbine discharge is Q0, π represents pi, V y1，0 A represents the water velocity in the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, 1，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, Z1 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the upstream position, A1 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase; or, In response to the current combined operating condition being load shedding first and then load increasing, and the initial operating condition being load shedding, and the target water flow section position being the downstream position, a surge equation for the surge chamber of the load increase at the downstream position constructed in advance is assigned a value based on the flow rate 0 in the main pipe of the pressure pipeline corresponding to the load shedding, to obtain a surge equation for the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0; Substituting the sixth most unfavorable superposition moment into the surge equation of the surge chamber of the second initial operating condition, to obtain the amplitude of the eighth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the eighth initial operating condition end point; Substituting the amplitude of the eighth initial operating condition end point and the phase of the eighth initial operating condition end point into the pre-constructed third surge extreme value occurrence time equation of the increased load at the downstream position to obtain the surge extreme value occurrence time under the eighth superposition operating condition; The equation for the occurrence time of the third surge extreme value of the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: in, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2，0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, t represents time, A 2，0 represents the initial surge amplitude, and F2 represents the large well area of ​​the surge chamber; Substituting the amplitude of the eighth initial operating condition end point, the phase of the eighth initial operating condition end point and the surge extreme value occurrence time under the eighth superposition operating condition into the pre-constructed surge equation of the surge chamber of the increased load at the downstream position for processing, to obtain the fourth surge extreme value at the downstream position; The surge equation of the surge chamber for the increased load at the downstream position is specifically: Wherein, Z2 represents the surge data of the surge chamber at the downstream position, A2 represents the surge amplitude, represents the surge phase, m represents the number of operating units of the target hydropower station, and h y2，0 It represents the head loss of the diversion tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, represents the initial phase of the surge, ω2 represents the surge equivalent period natural frequency of the surge chamber, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and f y2 represents the area of ​​the tailwater tunnel, f p2 Indicates the connecting pipe area of ​​the surge chamber, L y2 represents the length of the tailwater tunnel, L p2 represents the length of the connecting pipe of the surge chamber, η2=h p2 , 0 / h y2，0 ,h p2，0 It represents the head loss generated by the surge chamber when the turbine flow rate is Q0, h y2，0 represents the head loss in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine flow rate is Q0, π represents pi, V y2，0 It represents the water flow velocity in the tailwater tunnel when the turbine reference flow is Q0.

9. A device for determining the height of a surge chamber in a hydropower station, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module configured to acquire a flow rate of a water conveyance tunnel of a target hydropower station at a target water flow section and a water level of a surge chamber at the target water flow section; An algorithm determination module configured to determine the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm corresponding to the flow velocity of the water transfer tunnel; A time determination module is configured to process the flow velocity of the water conveyance tunnel and the surge data of the surge chamber using the most unfavorable superposition time algorithm to obtain the most unfavorable superposition time; The height determination module is configured to obtain the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe corresponding to the current combined operating condition of the target hydropower station and the initial operating condition in the current combined operating condition, and process the flow rate in the pressure pipe main pipe through a surge extreme value determination algorithm preset corresponding to the current combined operating condition to obtain the surge extreme value at the target water flow section position, and determine the height of the pressure regulating chamber at the target water flow section position according to the surge extreme value.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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