Efficient transformation method for aged peach orchard

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gardening and forestry, in particular to an efficient transformation method for an aged peach orchard, which comprises the following steps: simple soil improvement and complementary planting in winter, crown shrinkage and abdication of aged peach trees, rapid trunk cultivation of stocks in spring and side grafting and shaping in summer. The method not only can solve the problems of too high transformation cost and long period of the existing aging peach orchard, but also can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of the peach trees, and realizes current-year field planting, current-year grafting, current-year forming and rapid production in the next year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of horticulture and forestry, and in particular to a method for efficiently transforming an aged peach orchard. Background Art

[0002] Peach, native to my country, is an important economic tree species in the world and is cultivated between 30°-40° north and south latitude. Peach is the third largest fruit tree in my country, and its cultivated area and output rank first in the world. my country has a long history of peach cultivation, and many aging peach orchards face problems such as old trees, low yields, poor quality, and urgent need for variety updates. At present, the transformation method for aging peach orchards generally requires cutting down old trees, adding a large amount of organic fertilizer to improve the soil, and then replanting seedlings. Not only is the transformation cost high, but the newly planted seedlings usually enter the high-yield period in the third year, and farmers will lose at least two years of production; and the traditional method of adding soil, disinfection or rotation and fallow is costly to rebuild.

[0003] Patent application CN106171763A (publication date: 2016-12-07) discloses a method for rapid renewal of old orchards, which uses root control containers to cultivate fruit tree species until they grow into large seedlings with initial fruiting, obtain container seedlings, and then plant the container seedlings in the orchard to be renewed. After planting, the old trees are gradually retracted, and the old trees are removed after 2-3 years. Although this method solves the problem that fruit farmers have no income during the renewal process, the cultivation cycle of the container seedlings is long, and the soil needs to be dug out for disinfection during planting, and the old trees need to be removed after 2-3 years, etc., resulting in high overall costs and difficulty in operation, which is not easily accepted by fruit farmers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard, which can not only solve the problems of high cost and long period of transformation of existing aging peach orchards, but also effectively solve the problem of obstacles to continuous cropping of peach trees, and realize planting, grafting and shaping in the same year and rapid production in the next year.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An efficient transformation method for an aging peach orchard comprises the following steps:

[0007] Simple soil improvement and replanting in winter: in December, dig planting holes between rows or plants of aging peach trees in an aging peach orchard, apply basal fertilizer to the planting holes, and backfill the soil with fertilizer. After backfilling, replant peach resistant rootstock seedlings, gather the surrounding surface soil, form a planting pile with a low inside and a high outside at the planting hole, and cover with a film to keep moisture after sufficient watering;

[0008] Reduction of crowns of aged peach trees: before the replanting, crown reduction pruning is performed to shrink the crowns of aged peach trees to 80% of the original size;

[0009] Rapid rootstock cultivation in spring: performing the first topdressing and watering on the replanted peach resistant rootstock from March to May of the following year, and cultivating the peach resistant rootstock in accordance with the cultivation method of the two-main-branch tree shape;

[0010] Summer belly grafting shaping: bud grafting is carried out on the two main branches formed by the cultivation of the peach resistant rootstock, and the rootstock part above the grafting point of the grafted bud is sawed off, and then the second topdressing, binding and fixing, and pinching are carried out to form a high-yield crown in the same year.

[0011] Saw off the aged peach trees: in the winter of the following year (December) after the replanting, after the fruits of the aged peach trees are harvested, the aged peach trees are sawn off close to the ground.

[0012] Furthermore, the variety of the peach resistant rootstock is GF677.

[0013] Furthermore, in the simple winter soil improvement and replanting step, the peach resistant rootstock used is a tissue culture seedling with a plant height of 10-15 cm and a ground diameter of 0.3-0.4 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in the simple soil improvement and replanting step in winter, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and superphosphate fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, the application amount of the base fertilizer is: 5-8 kg / hole of the organic fertilizer, and 1.5-2 kg / hole of the superphosphate fertilizer.

[0016] Furthermore, in the simple winter soil improvement and replanting step, the diameter of the planting pile is 90-110 cm and the height is 20-30 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step of shrinking the crown of the aged peach tree to give way, during the crown shrinking pruning, the number of fruit-bearing branches retained in the crown of the aged peach tree when the crown shrinks increases by 10% compared with that before the crown shrinking.

[0018] Furthermore, in the spring rootstock rapid drying, the first topdressing is carried out 10 days after the peach resistant rootstock sprouts.

[0019] Furthermore, the first topdressing is specifically as follows: starting from 10 days after the budding of the peach resistant rootstock, 100g of water-soluble fertilizer a containing humic acid and 20kg of water are applied to each plant each time. After 4 consecutive applications, 100g of water-soluble fertilizer b containing humic acid and 20kg of water are applied to each plant twice, with an interval of 20 days between each fertilization.

[0020] Among them, the N:P:K in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer a is 30:5:10; the N:P:K in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer b is 15:5:30.

[0021] Furthermore, in the summer belly grafting shaping step, the seed bud grafting is performed in the middle and late June of the following year after the replanting;

[0022] The grafting method of the seed bud grafting includes belly grafting, and the grafting is to graft 2 seed buds on each main trunk.

[0023] Preferably, the scion used in the grafting includes Late Lake View scion;

[0024] Furthermore, in the summer belly grafting shaping step, the sawing is performed when the grafted bud grows to 15 cm;

[0025] And / or, the second topdressing is performed when the grafted bud grows to 20 cm;

[0026] The second topdressing is specifically carried out three times when the grafted bud grows to 20cm, 40cm and 150cm; wherein, when the grafted bud grows to 20cm, 100g of the water-soluble fertilizer a containing humic acid and 20kg of water are applied once; when the grafted bud grows to 40cm, 100g of the water-soluble fertilizer a containing humic acid and 20kg of water are applied once; when the grafted bud grows to 150cm, 100g of the water-soluble fertilizer b containing humic acid and 20kg of water are applied once to promote its aging and flowering.

[0027] And / or, the binding and fixing is performed when the grafted bud grows to 40 cm;

[0028] And / or, the pinching is performed when the grafted bud grows to 150 cm.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] 1. The present invention utilizes the advantages of peach resistant rootstocks, such as resistance to repeated cropping, salt-alkali resistance, strong growth, good affinity, and resistance to barrenness, and plants them between rows or between plants in old gardens, thereby eliminating the need to take traditional measures such as digging out old trees, replacing soil with foreign soil, and soil disinfection. This not only greatly saves the cost of improving soil and building gardens, and minimizes the losses of fruit farmers, but also helps old peach gardens to quickly realize the replacement of new varieties, and put them into production one year earlier than traditional methods.

[0031] 2. Currently, peach is mostly used as a rootstock in production, but peach has prominent problems such as yellowing in continuous cropping soil and alkaline soil. The traditional correction method based on spraying iron fertilizer cannot fundamentally solve the yellowing problem, and the cost is relatively high. The peach resistant rootstock GF677 in the present invention shows extremely strong field growth potential, resistance to continuous cropping and yellowing, and is also resistant to leaf spot disease and high temperature drought.

[0032] 3. The present invention not only solves the problems of long reconstruction period, high cost of land improvement and garden construction, and prominent continuous cropping obstacles in old peach orchards through inter-row and / or inter-plant replanting and reconstruction, optimization of peach tree shaping, pruning and grafting techniques, and water and fertilizer management methods, but also solves the contradiction of moving fruit trees uphill and uphill and not competing with grain for land. It has outstanding effects of saving costs, improving quality, increasing production, and increasing efficiency, as well as its innovativeness, and has broad prospects for promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The growth of GF677 (left, dark green leaves) and Prunus mume (right, small leaves and severe yellowing) on ​​the continuous crop soil in Example 3;

[0034] Figure 2 The performance of GF677 (right, dark green leaves) and Maotao (left, yellow leaves) after grafting on the continuous crop soil in Example 3;

[0035] Figure 3 The leaf phenotypes of GF677 (left, large and dark green leaves) and Maotao (right, small and light yellow leaves) after grafting 'Zaorui' in the old orchard in Example 3;

[0036] Figure 4 The growth differences between different rootstocks planted in rows in an aged peach orchard (left) and in alkaline soil (right). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Cultivation of peach resistant rootstock:

[0040] The rooted peach rootstock GF677 tissue culture seedlings are cultivated in an artificial climate chamber using tissue culture technology, and then transplanted into black nutrient cups with a diameter of 8-10 cm. The culture medium can be any general nutrient soil in the art. The transplanted seedlings are placed in a plastic greenhouse for 30-45 days of seedling hardening. When the seedlings are lignified and fully grown, the plant height is 10-15 cm, and the ground diameter is 0.3-0.4 cm, they can be planted.

[0041] The method of this embodiment is not limited by seasons, and the peach resistant rootstock obtained by cultivation can be used for replanting in aging peach orchards all year round, breaking the traditional concept that deciduous fruit trees need to shed their leaves in winter and spring before they can be planted. It should be noted that when hardening seedlings in the high temperature seasons of summer and autumn, shade nets with a shading rate of 75% are used for shading. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 35°C, the skirt film is rolled up to cool down, and water is replenished by spray irrigation mist after 4:00 p.m.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The method for rapidly transforming an aged peach orchard using peach resistant rootstocks comprises the following steps:

[0044] Soil improvement and replanting: In December, a 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide planting hole was dug between the rows of peach trees in the aging peach orchard, and basal fertilizer was applied to the planting hole. 8 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1.5 kg of superphosphate fertilizer were applied to each hole. The fertilizer was mixed and backfilled at the same time. After the small container was removed, the peach resistant rootstock GF677 (cultivated in Example 1) was placed just after filling. Then the surrounding surface soil was gathered to form a planting pile with a diameter of 100 cm and a height of 20 cm at the planting hole. After sufficient rooting water was poured, a 120 cm square black film was covered for insulation;

[0045] Crown reduction of aging peach trees: Before replanting the peach resistant rootstock GF677 seedlings, the crown of the aging peach trees is appropriately reduced, with a focus on shrinking the outer fruiting branch groups, so that the crown is reduced to 80% of the original, but the proportion of fruiting branches retained in the crown is increased by 10% compared with before crown reduction; in the winter of the second year of replanting (December), the aging peach trees are sawed off close to the ground (without digging) to provide sufficient growth space for the replanted trees.

[0046] Spring rootstock fast dry: 10 days after the germination of the peach resistant rootstock seedlings (March 5), topdressing began, each plant was topdressed with NPK=30-5-10 humic acid water-soluble fertilizer ①100g and water 20kg each time, and after 4 consecutive applications, NPK=15-5-30 humic acid water-soluble fertilizer ②100g and water 20kg were applied, and applied twice, with an interval of 20 days between each fertilization. During this period, the tree shape of the young tree was cultivated according to the Y-shaped cultivation of the two main branches, and the two main branches were drooping in the row direction, quickly forming two sturdy main branches.

[0047] Timely belly grafting in summer: In June, two buds of superior new varieties are grafted on the two main branches formed by the young trees by belly grafting. When the grafted buds grow to 15 cm long, the stock part above the grafting interface is sawed off. When the grafted buds grow to 20 cm long, each plant is topdressed with the water-soluble fertilizer ①100 g and 20 kg of water once. When the grafted buds grow to 40 cm long, they are tied and fixed, and each plant is topdressed with the water-soluble fertilizer ①100 g and 20 kg of water once again. When the grafted buds grow to 150 cm long, they are topped to promote secondary branches, and then topdressed with the water-soluble fertilizer ②100 g and 20 kg of water once to promote their aging and flowering.

[0048] The newly replanted trees can form high-yield trees in the same year, go into full production in the second year with a yield of more than 10kg per plant, and produce high yields in the third year with an average yield of more than 30kg per plant. The yield during the high-yield period is more than 20% higher than that of aging trees before replanting.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] In December 2020, GF677 tissue culture seedlings (cultivated in Example 1, with a ground diameter of 0.3-0.4 cm and a seedling height of 10-15 cm) and 1-year-old peach seedlings (cultivated by conventional sowing and seedling raising methods, with a ground diameter of 0.6-0.7 cm and a seedling height of 60 cm) were planted between plants in an alkaline soil aging peach orchard (21-year-old peach trees) in Longquanyi District at pH 7.8. The planting method and post-planting management were carried out according to Example 2. The field test results on June 20, 2021 showed that the replanted GF677 seedlings had all formed 2 sturdy main branches, and the average ground diameter of the seedlings increased by 0.79 cm compared with the peach seedlings, the average plant height increased by 38.00 cm, the average length of the one-year-old branches increased by 21.33 cm, the average thickness of the base of the one-year-old branches increased by 1.79 cm, the average SPAD value of mature leaves increased by 0.52, and the average nitrogen content increased by 0.12 mg / g, which fully met the conditions for grafting.

[0051] On June 25, 2021, four main peach varieties in Sichuan Province, including Wan Hujing, Zaocui, Baifeng and Zaohuangyu, were grafted using GF677 rootstocks and Maotao rootstocks planted between rows. The belly grafting method was used, and two buds were grafted on each main trunk. The grafting survival rate was investigated one month later, and post-grafting fertilization and tree shape management were carried out according to the method in Example 2. The growth of the grafted buds was investigated on September 30. The results showed that the rootstock-scion combination with GF677 as the rootstock had a grafting survival rate more than 20 percentage points higher than that with Maotao as the rootstock. The average growth length of the grafted buds increased by 112.16 cm, the average diameter of the upper part of the grafting port increased by 0.74 cm, and the average diameter of the lower part of the grafting port increased by 1.37 cm. The average SPAD value of mature leaves increased by 1.03, and the average nitrogen content increased by 0.18 mg / g.

[0052] In December 2021, after the old trees were sawed flat to the ground, the replanted seedlings were managed according to conventional management methods. On June 20, 2022, the yield of the early topaz grafted on two rootstocks in the experimental site was measured. The results showed that the average yield of GF677 rootstock plants was 13.4kg, while the hairy peach rootstock plants had almost no yield. On June 13, 2023, the experimental site was measured again, and the results showed that the average yield of GF677 rootstock plants was 31.6kg, an increase of 507.69% over the hairy peach rootstock plants, and 29.33% over the original yield of the aging peach orchard.

[0053] The application effect of GF677 in the alkaline soil repeated crop peach orchard of Dawan 2 Group, Wanxing area, Longquanyi District showed that the GF677 rootstock has a good affinity with the Wanhujing scion. Compared with the hairy peach rootstock, the plant height increased by 13.91% after 3 months of growth, the diameter 2 cm above the grafting point increased by 5.58%, and the ground diameter increased by 6.26%, showing a strong growth advantage; no yellowing was found on the leaves, while the hairy peach rootstock grafted seedlings in the same orchard grew weakly and the leaves turned yellow.

[0054] According to estimation, compared with the CN106171763A method of patent application, it takes 2 years to cultivate large container nutrient bag seedlings and the area is large, the efficiency of seedling cultivation per unit area is low, and it takes 2 years to cultivate after transplanting before it can be put into production, the cycle is long, the seedling cultivation and management costs are high, and the cultivation of tissue culture seedlings in this embodiment only takes about 4 months, the seedling container is small, the seedlings grow fast, and the cost of single plant seedling cultivation is low. After transplanting to the aging peach orchard, grafting and shaping can be achieved in the same year, production in the second year, and full yield in the third year, which not only reduces the orchard management cost of about 1-2 years, but also realizes that the output of the aging peach orchard renewal process has no loss, and even increases production by more than 20%, realizing seamless docking of the transformation process. In addition, the CN106171763A method requires manual and meticulous management to cultivate the initial fruiting seedlings, and a large amount of space needs to be occupied during the seedling formation period, and the soil needs to be disinfected before planting. However, the tissue culture seedlings of this embodiment do not need to disinfect the soil before planting, and do not need to apply extra large amounts of fertilizers and spray pesticides after planting, and the plant has significant anti-yellowing and anti-re-cropping effects.

[0055] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Simple soil improvement and replanting in winter: in December, dig planting holes between rows or plants of aging peach trees in an aging peach orchard, apply basal fertilizer to the planting holes, and backfill the soil with fertilizer. After backfilling, replant peach resistant rootstock seedlings, gather the surrounding surface soil, form a planting pile with a low inside and a high outside at the planting hole, and cover with a film to keep moisture after sufficient watering; Crown reduction and pruning of aging peach trees: Crown reduction and pruning are performed before the replanting to shrink the crown of the aging peach tree to 80% of its original size. Rapid rootstock cultivation in spring: performing the first topdressing and watering on the replanted peach resistant rootstock from March to May of the following year, and cultivating the peach resistant rootstock in accordance with the cultivation method of the two-main-branch tree shape; Summer belly grafting shaping: bud grafting is carried out on the two main branches formed by the cultivation of the peach resistant rootstock, and the rootstock part above the grafting point of the grafted bud is sawed off, and then the second topdressing, binding and fixing, and pinching are carried out to form a high-yield crown in the same year. Saw off old peach trees: In December of the following year after the replanting, after the fruits of the old peach trees are harvested, the old peach trees are sawn off close to the ground.

2. The method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety of the peach resistant rootstock is GF677.

3. The method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the simple winter soil improvement and replanting step, the peach resistant rootstock used is a tissue culture seedling with a plant height of 10-15 cm and a ground diameter of 0.3-0.4 cm.

4. The method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the simple soil improvement and replanting step in winter, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and superphosphate fertilizer.

5. The method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application amount of the base fertilizer is: 5-8 kg / hole of the organic fertilizer and 1.5-2 kg / hole of the superphosphate fertilizer.

6. The method for efficiently transforming an aging peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the simple soil improvement and replanting step in winter, the diameter of the planting pile is 90-110 cm and the height is 20-30 cm.

7. The method for efficiently transforming an aged peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of shrinking the crown and giving way to the aged peach tree, the number of fruit-bearing branches retained in the crown when the crown of the aged peach tree shrinks is increased by 10% compared with that before the crown shrinking during the crown shrinking pruning.

8. The method for efficiently transforming an aged peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the spring rootstock rapid drying, the first topdressing is carried out 10 days after the peach resistant rootstock sprouts.

9. The method for efficiently transforming an aged peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the summer belly grafting shaping step, the seed bud grafting is carried out in June of the following year after the replanting; The grafting method of the seed bud grafting includes belly grafting.

10. The method for efficiently transforming an aged peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the summer belly grafting shaping step, the sawing is performed when the grafted bud grows to 15 cm; And / or, the second topdressing is performed three times when the grafted bud grows to 20 cm, 40 cm and 150 cm; And / or, the binding and fixing is performed when the grafted bud grows to 40 cm; And / or, the pinching is performed when the grafted bud grows to 150 cm.

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