Intensive, green and efficient ginger cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intensive, green and efficient ginger cultivation method. A mode of interplanting ginger and corn is adopted. The method comprises the following steps of (1) interplanting variety selection, (2) ginger seed and corn seedling treatment, (3) land selection, land preparation and sowing, and (4) topdressing and pest control. The corn and the ginger which grow robustly and are free of diseases and pests are selected for interplanting, the ginger root system is shallow, the seedling stage is shade-tolerant, and the corn is a gramineous high-stalk and high-photosynthetic-efficiency crop. The water and fertilizer integration technology is adopted during intercropping of the two crops, the land utilization efficiency is improved, natural resources such as light energy are fully utilized, favorable conditions are provided for vigorous growth of the ginger, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ginger planting, and in particular to an intensive, green and efficient ginger cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Ginger (Zingiber officinaie Roscoe) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Zingiber in the Zingiberaceae family. It is native to southeastern Asia and is widely planted in my country. Its tubers are rich in active ingredients such as curcumin and gingerol. It is nutritious and has a unique flavor. It is a specialty agricultural product that can be used as both medicine and food, and a traditional export product. However, the current average yield of ginger in my country is only about 1,500 kg / mu, which is slightly higher than the world average, but lower than that of Malaysia, India and other countries. In addition, although there are many varieties of ginger in my country, there are few high-quality and high-yield varieties, and the uses are single, resulting in unstable ginger quality. Therefore, while expanding the ginger cultivation area, it is of great significance to improve the quality of ginger and develop ginger for multiple uses.

[0003] Ginger has a shallow root system and is shade-tolerant in the seedling stage, while corn is a tall, high-light-efficiency crop of the Gramineae family. The two crops are intercropped and use integrated water and fertilizer technology at the same time, which not only improves the efficiency of land use and makes full use of natural resources such as light energy, but also provides favorable conditions for the vigorous growth of ginger and improves economic benefits. Ginger and corn, one tall and one short, form a three-dimensional light-receiving environment, so that the source of light can be fully utilized. And corn can also provide an environment for the shade-loving characteristic of ginger. Intercropping ginger and corn can increase air convection, thereby forming a crop group force structure, increasing wind power, and improving the photosynthetic efficiency of crops. Ginger has a great effect on improving soil moisture. Ginger has a particularly strong moisture retention effect, which increases the humidity of the soil, which provides good conditions for the growth of corn. At the same time, the greater the soil humidity, the greater the temperature difference between day and night, which is of great benefit to the maturity of crops. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method that is easy to operate, green and efficient to improve the economic benefits of ginger. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: S1. Variety selection: Choose virus-resistant ginger varieties. Choose double-row old or new ginger with large tubers, full and complete terminal buds, no pests or damage, and thick internodes as ginger seeds. Choose hybrid corn varieties.

[0005] S2. Treatment of ginger seeds and corn seedlings: First expose the ginger seeds to the sun for 2-3 days, then soak them in 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture for 20 minutes for disinfection (if "ginger plague" occurs, soak them in 1 catties of mancozeb and 400-500 catties of water for 10-20 minutes, take them out, wash them, and then mix them with wood ash). Then put the ginger seeds in a warm and cool place indoors. First, lay a layer of straw or straw mats on the ground, pile the ginger seeds about 70-80 cm thick, cover them with plastic film, and keep them warm for 1-2 days. When the ginger buds are 1-2 cm long, select the buds and cut them, remove the weak buds and the diseased buds with small black spots, and keep the white and fat buds. Then cut the buds into 8-10 cm long according to the density of the ginger buds, and keep 2-3 ginger buds in each piece. Plant while cutting, and do not leave overnight buds. Mix farmyard manure, wood ash and sandy soil in the ratio of 0.8-1:0.3-0.5:0.8-1, and pour appropriate amount of clear manure water on it to make a matrix. After 20-30 hours, put the matrix into the seedling tray, scrape it flat with a scraper, and after pressing the holes, sow a corn seed in each hole and cover the matrix. After the seedling tray is placed in the seedbed, water it and cover it with plastic film. When the corn seedlings begin to grow, remove the plastic film, water it, build a small shed, cover the film in the evening, and remove the film during the day. When the corn seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, start transplanting, and harden the seedlings 5-6 days before transplanting.

[0006] S3. Site selection, land preparation and sowing: Ginger fields should be made of loam or sandy loam with a deep tillage layer, loose soil, fertile soil, rich organic humus, high, dry, sunny and well-drained fields. When preparing the land, the fields should be deep-turned, raked, and leveled, and the broken soil should be dried in the sun. The sowing season is from mid-February to mid-March. Before sowing, make a 30-cm deep ditch, apply enough base fertilizer before sowing, and then place the seed pieces at a spacing of 20 cm. The ginger buds should be along one side of the planting ditch with the buds facing up. After the ginger seeds are placed, make the width of the soil 30 cm, the height of the soil 30 cm, the width of the ditch between the soil 40 cm, the soil surface slightly arched, and the ditches around. After sowing ginger, interplant hybrid corn. Hybrid corn is planted on the other side of the soil surface with a spacing of 40 cm. Generally, about 200 kg of ginger seeds and 2 kg of hybrid corn seeds are used per mu. If you plan to recycle ginger seeds (mother ginger), the ginger seeds should be cut into larger pieces. The seed amount per mu should be 400-500 kg.

[0007] S4. Top dressing and pest and disease control: When corn begins to joint, apply 10-12kg of urea per mu. When corn begins to ear, apply 45-55kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. To mainly control corn borers, wash and chop 1 part of Polygonum hydropiper, add 4-6 parts of water and boil for 50-60 minutes, filter, add 0.1-0.12 parts of soap while hot, stir and dissolve, then spray on the leaves.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect is that the present invention selects corn to interplant ginger, which not only improves the land utilization efficiency and makes full use of natural resources such as light energy, but also provides favorable conditions for the vigorous growth of ginger and improves economic benefits. The growth cycles of corn and ginger are different. Corn is usually taller in the early stage of growth, while ginger grows below the ground and requires a longer growth period. Therefore, the two can coexist on the same piece of land without interfering with each other, thereby making full use of land resources. Corn has a certain effect on the prevention and control of some pests (such as aphids), and the roots of ginger also contain certain antibacterial ingredients, which have an inhibitory effect on certain soil diseases. The combination of the two can reduce the use of chemical pesticides and promote the healthy growth of crops. Interplanting corn and ginger can take advantage of the complementarity of the two in terms of growth cycle, space requirements and adaptability to the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated and described below through specific implementation modes, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0010] Example 1 ① Ginger sowing time: April 13; ② Sowing density: row spacing 1.8 feet × 0.6 feet, every 667 m 2 Plant about 3760 ginger plants. ③ Planting method: dig planting furrows according to row spacing, water the furrows thoroughly, and after the water seeps down, place the ginger seeds horizontally in the furrows. If the furrows are opened from east to west, the ginger sprouts will face south; if the furrows are opened from north to south, the ginger sprouts will face west. Cover with 4cm to 5cm of soil. ④ Topdressing: Apply 400ml of fertilizer every 667m during the seedling stage. 2 Apply 7 kg of urea, 15 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 m2 during the three-branch period, and 15 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 m2 during the root and stem expansion period. 2 Apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer. Dig a trench or hole 5 cm away from one side of the ginger seedling and apply fertilizer to a depth of more than 10 cm. ⑤ Ginger harvesting: Pull out or dig out the ginger plant, gently shake off the soil, then cut the stem 2 cm above the base of the stem above the ground, remove the roots, and then store it in a cellar (no need to dry it in the sun) or sell it. Young ginger for processing should be harvested during the vigorous growth period. Pest control for corn: every 667 m during the trumpet period 2 Use 40% chlorpyrifos 75g mixed with 50kg water to spray to control corn borer and armyworm; every 667 m 2Use 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 100g diluted with 50kg water for spraying to prevent corn leaf spot. Ginger: 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times liquid can be used for spraying or root irrigation to prevent ginger maggots. Use streptomycin sulfate, phytosyl or kanamycin 500mg / L to soak seeds to prevent ginger blight. Corn harvest time: September 2; ginger harvest time: October 25. The final corn yield is 377.83kg / 667m 2 Ginger production is 1875.67 kg / 667m 2 Example 2 The sowing date was April 14. The ginger seeds were cut into pieces before sowing. The average weight of the ginger seeds was 81.42 g. The row spacing was 41 cm × 36 cm. The actual planting area was 4065 holes / 667 m 2 After sowing, the whole field was covered with mulch to keep warm and moist. On May 31, when 60% of ginger seedlings emerged, all mulch was removed, and germinated corn seeds were sown according to different treatments, 2 to 3 seeds per hole, and the seedling was fixed to 1 plant, with a spacing of 36 cm. The corn was harvested from August 20 to 23, with a yield of 383.125kg / 667m 2 , output value 613 yuan / 667m 2 .

Claims

1. A green and efficient intensive ginger cultivation method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Variety selection: Choose virus-resistant ginger varieties. Choose double-row old or new ginger with large tubers, full and complete terminal buds, no pests or damage, and thick internodes as ginger seeds. Choose hybrid corn varieties. 2.S2, Ginger seeds and corn seedlings treatment: Ginger seeds should be exposed to the sun for 2-3 days, then soaked in 1:1:150 Bordeaux liquid for 20 minutes for disinfection (if "ginger plague" occurs, use 1 catties of mancozeb and 400-500 catties of water to soak for 10-20 minutes, take out and wash, and then mix with plant ash), then put the ginger seeds in a warm indoor shade, lay a layer of straw or straw mat on the ground, pile ginger seeds about 70-80 cm thick, cover it with plastic film, and keep warm for 1-2 days. When the ginger buds are 1-2 cm long, select the buds and cut them, remove the weak buds and the diseased buds with small black spots, and keep the white and fat buds, and then cut the buds into 8-10 cm long according to the density of the ginger buds, and keep 2-3 ginger buds in each piece. Cut and plant at the same time, and do not leave overnight buds. Mix farmyard manure, wood ash and sandy soil in the ratio of 0.8-1:0.3-0.5:0.8-1, and pour appropriate amount of clear manure water on it to make a matrix. After 20-30 hours, put the matrix into the seedling tray, scrape it flat with a scraper, and after pressing the holes, sow a corn seed in each hole and cover the matrix. After the seedling tray is placed in the seedbed, water it and cover it with plastic film. When the corn seedlings begin to grow, remove the plastic film, water it, build a small shed, cover the film in the evening, and remove the film during the day. When the corn seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, start transplanting, and harden the seedlings 5-6 days before transplanting. 3.S3, site selection, land preparation and sowing: Ginger fields should be selected with loam or sandy loam with a deep tillage layer, loose soil, fertile soil, rich organic humus, high, dry, sunny and well-drained fields. When preparing the land, the fields should be deep-turned, raked, and leveled, and the broken soil should be dried in the sun. The sowing season is from mid-February to mid-March. Before sowing, make a 30 cm deep ditch, apply enough base fertilizer before sowing, and then place the seed pieces at a spacing of 20 cm. The ginger buds should be along one side of the planting ditch with the buds facing up. After the ginger seeds are placed, make the width of the soil 30 cm, the height of the soil 30 cm, the width of the ditch between the soil 40 cm, the soil surface slightly arched, and the ditches around. After sowing ginger, interplant hybrid corn. Hybrid corn is planted on the other side of the soil surface with a spacing of 40 cm. Generally, about 200 kg of ginger seeds and 2 kg of hybrid corn seeds are used per mu. If you plan to recycle ginger seeds (mother ginger), the ginger seeds should be cut into larger pieces. The seed amount per mu should be 400-500 kg. 4.S4. Top dressing and pest and disease control: When corn begins to joint, apply 10-12kg of urea per mu. When corn begins to ear, apply 45-55kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. For the main control of corn borer, wash and chop 1 part of Polygonum hydropiper, add 4-6 parts of water and boil for 50-60 minutes, filter, add 0.1-0.12 parts of soap while hot, stir and dissolve, then spray on the leaves.