Double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials

Abstract

The invention relates to an air distribution structure of a reducing airflow sorting machine, and discloses a double air distribution structure capable of discharging, which comprises a descending chamber, air inlets of the descending chamber, air distribution plates at the air inlets, and a discharging structure, the air inlets are positioned on the left and right sides of the descending chamber, the discharging structure is positioned below the bottom of the descending chamber, and a material inlet is formed in the upper part of the descending chamber; the device is characterized in that the discharging structure comprises a discharging pipe provided with a discharging valve, the discharging valve is connected with the bottom of the descending chamber, the air distribution plate is obliquely arranged relative to the air inlet direction, the descending chamber is of a conical structure with the large top and the small bottom, the air distribution plate is composed of an outer-layer air distribution plate and an inner-layer air distribution plate, and the outer-layer air distribution plate and the inner-layer air distribution plate are arranged oppositely. The aperture ratio of the outer-layer air distribution plate is larger than that of the inner-layer air distribution plate, and the aperture of the outer-layer air distribution plate is larger than that of the inner-layer air distribution plate. The variable-diameter pulsating airflow sorting machine can effectively reduce the risk of material blockage and faults of the air distribution plate, and is more suitable for sorting of crushed lithium battery materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an air distribution structure of a variable-diameter airflow separator. Background Art

[0002] The variable diameter pulsating airflow dry sorting is based on the theory of fluid mechanics, with an original variable diameter structure, and a composite sorting flow field is generated with pulsating airflow to strengthen the separation effect and realize rapid material sorting. The overall system consists of four subsystems: air supply system, feeding and discharging system, sorting system and grading system. The feeding and discharging system connects the air supply system and supplies materials to the subsequent sorting system. The air supply system is designed to use two pipelines, constant flow and pulsating flow, for air supply, which are used to generate constant stable airflow and pulsating airflow. The discharging system achieves uniform and continuous discharging while keeping the system closed, and also reduces the loss of equipment. As the core device in the discharging system, the air distribution plate has two functions: one is to buffer the material; the other is to make the air chamber under the air distribution plate play a uniform pressure role, so that the air flow velocity through the air distribution plate tends to be uniform and consistent, so as to maintain the stability of the discharging and sorting process.

[0003] In the process of recycling lithium battery crushed materials using airflow sorting technology, the problem of discharge blockage often occurs. After analysis, when the air distribution structure of the existing conventional sorting machine is applied to lithium battery crushed materials, it is easy to cause blockage and leakage during the discharge process, so that the air distribution plate quickly produces local cracks and gradually expands to the whole, eventually causing the air distribution plate to break. Therefore, it is considered to improve its air distribution structure to reduce discharge failures or equipment failures.

[0004] A document with the announcement number CN205253564U authorized and announced on May 25, 2016 discloses a new type of air-dense medium fluidized bed separator, including a secondary air distribution plate, which is located at a certain distance above the air distribution plate and is composed of two metal plates with the same opening rate. By rotating one of the metal plates, the size of the small holes in the metal plates can be adjusted to control the air volume. That is, the secondary air distribution plate can adjust the size of the ventilation holes and control the air volume, which effectively realizes the secondary air distribution of the fluidized bed in the laboratory, and the pseudo-fluid formed by the gas-solid two phases is more uniform and stable. The air distribution plate of the device takes in air from the bottom, and there is no discharge mechanism set at the bottom. Its structure cannot be directly applied to the variable-diameter pulsating airflow separator. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing variable-diameter pulsating airflow sorting machine that is prone to equipment failure and has a short life of air distribution plates when used for sorting recycled lithium battery crushed materials, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a double air distribution structure that is suitable for sorting recycled lithium battery crushed materials and has a longer life of air distribution plates and can discharge materials.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials, including a downcomer and its air inlet and an air distribution plate at the air inlet, and also including a discharge structure, the air inlet being located on the left and right sides of the downcomer, the discharge structure being located below the bottom of the downcomer, and the upper part of the downcomer being a material inlet, and characterized in that: the discharge structure includes a discharge pipe provided with a discharge valve, wherein the discharge valve is connected to the bottom of the downcomer, the air distribution plate is inclined relative to the air inlet direction so that the downcomer presents a conical structure with a large top and a small bottom, the air distribution plate is composed of an outer air distribution plate and an inner air distribution plate, the opening rate of the outer air distribution plate is greater than the opening rate of the inner air distribution plate, and the aperture of the outer air distribution plate is greater than the aperture of the inner air distribution plate.

[0007] A detachable screen is connected between the inner air distribution plates on both sides.

[0008] Furthermore, the mesh diameter of the screen is not less than 10 mm.

[0009] The spacing between the two layers of air distribution plates does not exceed 20 mm, and the angle between the single layer of air distribution plates and the horizontal plane is 45° to 60°.

[0010] The openings of the outer air distribution plate are evenly distributed circular holes, and the diameter of a single hole is 6 mm to 10 mm.

[0011] The openings of the inner air distribution plate are mesh holes, and the mesh hole width is 1mm to 3mm.

[0012] An air velocity flow meter is arranged at the air inlet on the outer side of the descending chamber.

[0013] The air inlets on both sides are supplied with air after diversion from the same main air duct.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: effectively reducing the risk of material blockage and air distribution plate failure, making the variable-diameter pulsating airflow separator more suitable for the sorting of lithium battery crushed materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Markings in the figure are: 1-air inlet, 2-discharge valve, 3-discharge pipe, 4-outer air distribution plate, 5-inner air distribution plate, 6-screen, 7-air velocity flow meter, 8-down chamber, 9-material inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, the dischargeable double air distribution structure of the present invention includes a downcomer 8 and its air inlet 1 and an air distribution plate at the air inlet, and also includes a discharge structure, the air inlet 1 is located on the left and right sides of the downcomer 8, the discharge structure is located below the bottom of the downcomer 8, the upper part of the downcomer 8 is a material inlet, the discharge structure includes a discharge pipe 3 provided with a discharge valve 2, wherein the discharge valve 2 is connected to the bottom of the downcomer 8, the air distribution plate is inclined relative to the air inlet direction, so that the downcomer 8 has a conical structure with a large top and a small bottom, the air distribution plate is composed of an outer air distribution plate 4 and an inner air distribution plate 5, the opening rate of the outer air distribution plate 4 is greater than the opening rate of the inner air distribution plate 5, and the aperture of the outer air distribution plate 4 is greater than the aperture of the inner air distribution plate 5. Through the design of double air distribution plates, the air flow in the corresponding material flow area in the descending chamber is more uniform, which can greatly reduce the local deposition of materials caused by uneven air flow and the blockage and leakage of air distribution plates caused by severe deposition. When blockage occurs, the discharge valve 2 can be used to deal with it in time, thereby extending the service life of the air distribution plate. The above-mentioned air distribution structure can realize continuous discharge to the discharge pipe 3 when necessary. In this case, a discharge valve should be set at the bottom of the discharge pipe 3 to avoid air leakage.

[0019] Example: like Figure 1 As shown, a double air distribution structure with dischargeability adopted on a variable-diameter pulsating airflow sorting machine for recycling lithium battery crushed materials for classification and sorting includes a downcomer 8 and its air inlet 1 and an air distribution plate at the air inlet. The air inlet 1 is located on the left and right sides of the downcomer 8. The air inlets 1 on both sides are supplied with air after diversion by the same main air duct, which is used for ventilating the main circulation area of ​​the material. An air velocity flowmeter 7 is provided at the air inlet on one side outside the downcomer. The air velocity flowmeter 7 can be purchased on the market according to the speed regulation range requirements of the working state, and is used for real-time monitoring of the air intake volume and wind speed, so as to facilitate the adjustment and control of the wind force. Figure 1 The main air duct and its diversion structure mentioned are not shown.

[0020] According to the density of each component of the material to be sorted, the wind speed and air volume range of the air supply is determined, and the main air duct can provide steady airflow and pulsating airflow as needed. The flow velocity measurement range of 0 to 100m / s can be divided into three sections: low speed: 0 to 5m / s; medium speed: 5 to 40m / s; high speed: 40 to 100m / s. The thermal sensitive probe of the anemometer is used for accurate measurement of 0 to 5m / s. The rotor probe of the anemometer is most ideal for measuring the flow velocity of 5 to 40m / s, and the use of the pitot tube can obtain more accurate results in the high-speed range.

[0021] The air distribution plate is composed of an outer air distribution plate 4 and an inner air distribution plate 5. Both air distribution plates are inclined relative to the air inlet direction to guide heavy materials, so that their descending chamber 8 has a conical structure with a large top and a small bottom. The opening rate of the outer air distribution plate 4 is greater than the opening rate of the inner air distribution plate 5, and the aperture of the outer air distribution plate 4 is greater than the aperture of the inner air distribution plate 5. A detachable screen 6 is connected between the inner air distribution plates 5 on both sides. The screen 6 is horizontally installed on the inner air distribution plate 5 and seamlessly connected thereto, and is used to buffer large-particle materials. The material inlet is located above the screen 6, and the discharge structure is located below the bottom of the descending chamber 8. The discharge structure includes a discharge pipe 3 provided with a discharge valve 2, wherein the discharge valve 2 is connected to the bottom of the descending chamber 8.

[0022] The two layers of air distribution plates are parallel to each other with a spacing of 20 mm. The angle between the single-layer air distribution plate and the horizontal plane is 45°. The inner air distribution plate 5 can re-balance the airflow passing through the outer air distribution plate 4. The left and right airflows intersect and cooperate with each other in the descending chamber 8 to form a stable and uniform airflow, which can lift light materials to overcome gravity. The heavy materials that can overcome the wind force will eventually settle at the bottom of the descending chamber 8 after leaking through the screen. The discharge can be completed by opening or closing the discharge valve 2. The discharge valve 2 can be closed to facilitate the airtightness inspection and the inspection when material blockage occurs. The discharge valve 2 can be opened, and the selected heavy materials are discharged to the discharge pipe 3. The above scheme can also reduce the incidence of damage to the air distribution plate and extend the service life of the air distribution plate.

[0023] The manufacturing and use of double air distribution plates must take into account their aperture ratio and pressure loss. The resistance of gas passing through the small holes of the air distribution plates is related to the aperture and the flow rate of the airflow passing through the inner and outer air distribution plates. If the resistance of the air distribution plate is too large, it will increase the kinetic energy consumption; if the resistance of the air distribution plate is too small, it will lead to uneven airflow distribution and chaotic material distribution. Therefore, correctly determining the aperture ratio, gas flow rate and resistance loss is the key to the design of the air distribution plate, and it is also a necessary condition to ensure the provision of uniform and stable airflow and continuous and stable material discharge. For lithium battery crushed materials, it is recommended through experiments that the openings of the outer air distribution plate 4 are evenly distributed circular holes with a single hole diameter of 6mm to 10mm, and the openings of the inner air distribution plate 5 are mesh holes. The inner air distribution plate 5 can adopt a diamond or square grid plate formed by interlacing wire strips, and the recommended mesh width is 1mm to 3mm.

[0024] The design concept of the present invention can also be used as a reference for other sorting machines.

Claims

1. A double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials, comprising a downcomer (8), an air inlet (1) thereof and an air distribution plate at the air inlet, and a material discharging structure, wherein the air inlet (1) is located on the left and right sides of the downcomer (8), the material discharging structure is located below the bottom of the downcomer (8), and the upper part of the downcomer (8) is a material inlet, and is characterized in that: The discharge structure comprises a discharge pipe (3) provided with a discharge valve (2), wherein the discharge valve (2) is connected to the bottom of the descending chamber (8), the air distribution plate is arranged obliquely relative to the air inlet direction, so that the descending chamber (8) presents a conical structure with a large top and a small bottom, the air distribution plate is composed of an outer air distribution plate (4) and an inner air distribution plate (5), the opening rate of the outer air distribution plate (4) is greater than the opening rate of the inner air distribution plate (5), and the aperture of the outer air distribution plate (4) is greater than the aperture of the inner air distribution plate (5).

2. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A detachable screen (6) is connected between the inner air distribution plates (5) on both sides.

3. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The mesh diameter of the sieve (6) is not less than 10 mm.

4. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The spacing between the two layers of air distribution plates does not exceed 20 mm, and the angle between the single layer of air distribution plates and the horizontal plane is 45° to 60°.

5. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The openings of the outer air distribution plate (4) are evenly distributed circular holes, and the diameter of a single hole is 6 mm to 10 mm.

6. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The openings of the inner air distribution plate (5) are mesh holes, and the mesh hole width is 1 mm to 3 mm.

7. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: An air velocity flow meter (7) is arranged at an air inlet on one side outside the downcomer.

8. The double air distribution structure capable of discharging materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlets (1) on both sides are supplied with air after diversion from the same main air duct.

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