Bending device for angle steel workpiece production

Abstract

The invention discloses a bending device for angle steel workpiece production, and relates to the technical field of bending devices.The bending device comprises a workbench, a first mounting groove is formed in the top of the workbench, a driving mechanism is arranged in the first mounting groove, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged outside the driving mechanism; a second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the workbench, a bending piece is fixedly installed at the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder, supporting rods are fixedly installed at the four corners of the top of the workbench, a top plate is fixedly installed among the tops of the four supporting rods, and a first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed at the top of the top plate. And a pressing mechanism is arranged at the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder. Through work of the driving mechanism, the position between the two adjusting mechanisms can be changed, adjustment can be conveniently conducted according to the length of an angle steel workpiece, the adjusting mechanisms rotate in the bending process, after bending is completed, the adjusting mechanisms are reset due to internal parts, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bending devices, in particular to a bending device for producing angle steel workpieces. Background Art

[0002] At present, angle steel is widely used in various building structures and engineering structures, such as beams, pipe supports, bridges, transmission towers, lifting and transportation machinery, ships, industrial furnaces, reaction towers, container racks, cable trench supports, power piping, busbar support installation and warehouse shelves, etc. Angle steel is often used in various occasions in the form of bent parts, and the bending of angle steel requires the use of a bending device.

[0003] After searching the publication number CN116652615B, a construction angle steel bending machine is found, including a support table, a support frame is arranged at the end of the support table, and also includes a cutting mechanism and a bending mechanism; the cutting mechanism includes a guide column arranged on the side of the support table, and two cutting wheels with adjustable angles that move back and forth so that a notch can be cut on the side of the angle steel to facilitate bending processing. However, the above-mentioned bending machine can only cut the angle steel, and because the angle adjustment component can be rotated in multiple places, the cutting accuracy cannot be guaranteed. When the length of the angle steel is long or short, it is not convenient to perform bending processing, and there is a problem of a small bending angle adjustment range and low practicality.

[0004] Based on this, a bending device for producing angle steel workpieces is now provided, which can eliminate the disadvantages of existing devices. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a bending device for producing angle steel workpieces, so as to solve the problem in the background technology that it is inconvenient to adjust according to the length of the angle steel, resulting in inconvenience in bending longer or shorter angle steels.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces comprises a workbench, a first mounting groove is provided on the top of the workbench, a driving mechanism is provided inside the first mounting groove, an adjusting mechanism is provided outside the driving mechanism, a second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the workbench, a bending part is fixedly installed on the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder, support rods are fixedly installed at the four corners of the top of the workbench, a top plate is fixedly installed between the tops of the four support rods, a first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the top plate, and a pressing mechanism is provided on the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder.

[0008] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solution:

[0009] In an optional solution: the driving mechanism includes a first forward and reverse screw, which is rotatably installed inside the first installation groove, and a first motor is fixedly installed on the outer side of the workbench, and the output end of the first motor is connected to the first forward and reverse screw.

[0010] In an optional scheme: the adjustment mechanism includes a movable plate, the movable plate is meshed and connected to the outside of the first forward and reverse screw, a gear is rotatably installed inside the movable plate, the outside of the gear is meshed and connected to a rack, and the rack is slidably installed inside the movable plate, one end of the rack is fixedly installed with a first spring, and one end of the first spring is fixed to one side of the inside of the movable plate, the top of the gear passes through the movable plate and is connected to the rotating plate, and a positioning piece is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating plate.

[0011] In an optional scheme: the pressing mechanism includes a lifting plate, which is fixedly mounted on the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder, and a second mounting groove is opened at the bottom of the lifting plate, and a second forward and reverse screw is rotatably mounted inside the second mounting groove, and a second motor is fixedly mounted on one side of the outside of the lifting plate, and the output end of the second motor is connected to the second forward and reverse screw, and a pressing component is provided on the outside of the second forward and reverse screw.

[0012] In an optional solution: the pressing assembly includes a moving block, which is symmetrically threadedly connected to the outside of the second forward and reverse screw rods, a connecting rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the moving block, and a pressing plate is rotatably installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod.

[0013] In an optional solution: an opening and closing mechanism is provided on the top of the workbench.

[0014] In an optional scheme: the opening and closing mechanism includes a slide groove, which is symmetrically opened on the top of the workbench, and an opening and closing plate is slidably installed on the top of the workbench through the slide groove, a second spring is equidistantly fixedly installed on one side of the inner side of the slide groove, and one end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the opening and closing plate, a connecting piece is fixedly installed on the top of the opening and closing plate, and a roller is rotatably installed on one end of the connecting piece.

[0015] In an optional solution: a lifting member is fixedly installed on the other side of the outside of the lifting plate, and the lifting member and the two rollers are in contact with each other.

[0016] In an optional solution: a material discharge chute is provided on the top of the workbench, and the material discharge chute is located on one side of the opening and closing plate, and a stabilizing mechanism is provided on the top of the workbench.

[0017] In an optional scheme: the stabilization mechanism includes a limit rod and a slide rail, the slide rail is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the workbench, and the top of the slide rail is fixed to the top plate, the outer sides of the slide rail are fitted with mounting plates, guide wheels are rotatably installed between the two mounting plates, and the guide wheels are adapted to the slide rail, a connecting block is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate, and the connecting block is fixedly installed on the lifting plate, the limit rod is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate, and the limit rod and the top plate are slidably installed.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention can change the position between the two adjustment mechanisms through the operation of the driving mechanism, so as to facilitate adjustment according to the length of the angle steel workpiece. The adjustment mechanism rotates during the bending process. After the bending is completed, the adjustment mechanism is reset due to the internal components, thereby improving the work efficiency.

[0020] 2. During the bending process, the opening and closing mechanism is in a closed state to prevent the angle steel workpiece from being unstable and flying out during the bending process, causing personal injury. After the bending is completed, the lower pressure plate moves upward to release the clamping of the angle steel workpiece, and the opening and closing mechanism opens at the same time, which is convenient for unloading the bent angle steel workpiece and improves work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bending part installation structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the movable plate of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressing mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stabilizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Notes on reference numerals: 1. workbench; 2. first mounting groove; 3. driving mechanism; 301. first forward and reverse screw rod; 302. first motor; 4. adjusting mechanism; 401. moving plate; 402. gear; 403. rack; 404. first spring; 405. rotating plate; 406. positioning member; 5. supporting rod; 6. top plate; 7. first hydraulic cylinder; 8. pressing mechanism; 801. lifting plate; 802. second mounting groove; 803. second forward and reverse screw rod; 80 4. Second motor; 805. Moving block; 806. Connecting rod; 807. Lower pressure plate; 9. Opening and closing mechanism; 901. Slide groove; 902. Opening and closing plate; 903. Second spring; 904. Connecting piece; 905. Roller; 10. Stabilizing mechanism; 1001. Limiting rod; 1002. Slide rail; 1003. Mounting plate; 1004. Guide wheel; 1005. Connecting block; 11. Feed chute; 12. Second hydraulic cylinder; 13. Bending piece; 14. Lifting piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] In one embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a bending device for producing angle steel workpieces includes a workbench 1, a first mounting groove 2 is opened on the top of the workbench 1, a driving mechanism 3 is arranged inside the first mounting groove 2, an adjusting mechanism 4 is arranged outside the driving mechanism 3, a second hydraulic cylinder 12 is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the workbench 1, a bending part 13 is fixedly installed on the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 12, support rods 5 are fixedly installed at the four corners of the top of the workbench 1, a top plate 6 is fixedly installed between the tops of the four support rods 5, a first hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly installed on the top of the top plate 6, and a pressing mechanism 8 is arranged on the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0031] In this embodiment, the cut angle steel workpiece is placed above the two adjusting mechanisms 4. The position between the two adjusting mechanisms 4 can be changed by the operation of the driving mechanism 3, so that it is convenient to adjust according to the length of the angle steel workpiece. The first hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the pressing mechanism 8 to move downward, and the pressing mechanism 8 contacts the angle steel workpiece to effectively fix the angle steel workpiece. The second hydraulic cylinder 12 drives the bending part 13 to move, and the bending part 13 contacts the angle steel workpiece to effectively bend the angle steel workpiece. During the bending process, the adjusting mechanism 4 rotates. After the bending is completed, the adjusting mechanism 4 is reset due to the internal components, thereby improving the work efficiency.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the driving mechanism 3 includes a first forward and reverse screw 301, which is rotatably installed inside the first installation groove 2. A first motor 302 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the workbench 1, and the output end of the first motor 302 is connected to the first forward and reverse screw 301. The first motor 302 works to effectively drive the first forward and reverse screw 301 to rotate. The rotation of the first forward and reverse screw 301 changes the distance between the two adjustment mechanisms 4, which is convenient for adjustment according to the length of the angle steel workpiece.

[0033] In one embodiment, Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 4 includes a moving plate 401, the moving plate 401 is meshedly connected to the outside of the first forward and reverse screw 301, the moving plate 401 is rotatably installed with a gear 402 inside, the gear 402 is meshedly connected to the outside with a rack 403, and the rack 403 is slidably installed inside the moving plate 401, one end of the rack 403 is fixedly installed with a first spring 404, and one end of the first spring 404 is fixed to one side of the inside of the moving plate 401, the top of the gear 402 passes through the moving plate 401 and is connected to a rotating plate 405, the top of the rotating plate 405 is fixedly installed with a positioning member 406, a bending member 13 contacts the angle steel workpiece to bend the angle steel workpiece. During this process, the rotating plate 405 rotates to drive the gear 402 to rotate, and the gear 402 rotates to drive the rack 403 to move, and the first spring 404 is compressed. When the bending process is completed, the angle steel workpiece is removed. Due to the reset effect of the first spring 404, the rack 403 is reset and moved, and the rack 403 moves to drive the gear 402 to rotate, thereby causing the positioning member 406 to rotate and reset. No manual adjustment is required, which improves work efficiency. At the same time, a ball is provided on the top of the rotating plate 405. During the bending process of the angle steel workpiece, it can slide above the rotating plate 405 without affecting the normal bending of the angle steel workpiece.

[0034] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the pressing mechanism 8 includes a lifting plate 801, which is fixedly mounted on the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 7. A second mounting groove 802 is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate 801. A second forward and reverse screw 803 is rotatably mounted inside the second mounting groove 802. A second motor 804 is fixedly mounted on one side of the outside of the lifting plate 801, and the output end of the second motor 804 is connected to the second forward and reverse screw 803. A pressing component is provided on the outside of the second forward and reverse screw 803. The second forward and reverse screw 803 is driven to rotate by the operation of the second motor 804. The rotation of the second forward and reverse screw 803 drives the two moving blocks 805 to move, so as to facilitate adjustment according to the position of the rotating plate 405, so as to ensure that when the first hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the lifting plate 801 to move downward, the pressing plate 807 and the rotating plate 405 clamp and fix the angle steel workpiece.

[0035] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the pressing assembly includes a moving block 805, and the moving block 805 is symmetrically threadedly connected to the outside of the second forward and reverse screws 803. A connecting rod 806 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the moving block 805, and a lower pressing plate 807 is rotatably installed on the bottom end of the connecting rod 806. When the two second motors 804 move to above the rotating plate 405, the first hydraulic cylinder 7 works to drive the lifting plate 801 to move downward, and the lower pressing plate 807 contacts the angle steel workpiece, effectively clamping and fixing the angle steel workpiece, and the lower pressing plate 807 can rotate, and a ball bearing is provided at the bottom of the lower pressing plate 807, so it will not affect the bending process of the angle steel workpiece.

[0036] In one embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, an opening and closing mechanism 9 is provided on the top of the workbench 1. During the bending process, the opening and closing mechanism 9 is in a closed state to prevent the angle steel workpiece from being unstable and flying out during the bending process, causing personal injury. After the bending is completed, the lower pressure plate 807 moves upward to release the clamping of the angle steel workpiece, and the opening and closing mechanism 9 is opened at the same time, which facilitates the unloading of the bent angle steel workpiece and improves work efficiency.

[0037] In one embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the opening and closing mechanism 9 includes a slide groove 901, which is symmetrically opened on the top of the workbench 1. An opening and closing plate 902 is slidably installed on the top of the workbench 1 through the slide groove 901. A second spring 903 is equidistantly fixedly installed on one side of the inner side of the slide groove 901, and one end of the second spring 903 is fixedly connected to the opening and closing plate 902. A connecting member 904 is fixedly installed on the top of the opening and closing plate 902, and a roller 905 is rotatably installed on one end of the connecting member 904. When the lifting plate 801 is pressed down, the lifting member 14 is driven to move downward. Due to the roller 905 05 fits with the lifting member 14 to play a guiding role, and the second spring 903 is reset to make the two opening and closing plates 902 approach each other, and the lifting member 14 moves to the bottom and cooperates with the two opening and closing plates 902 to block the feed chute 11 to prevent the unstable angle steel workpiece from flying out. After the bending is completed, the lifting plate 801 moves upward, and the roller 905 slides along the inclined surface of the lifting member 14. The two opening and closing plates 902 move to both sides, the second spring 903 is compressed, and the blockage of the feed chute 11 is released. At this time, the second hydraulic cylinder 12 continues to extend, and the angle steel workpiece is unloaded through the feed chute 11.

[0038] In one embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, a lifting member 14 is fixedly installed on the other side of the outside of the lifting plate 801, and the lifting member 14 and the two rollers 905 are in contact with each other. The cooperation between the lifting member 14 and the rollers 905 plays a guiding role, so that the two opening and closing plates 902 can complete the opening and closing process.

[0039] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a material discharge chute 11 is provided on the top of the workbench 1, and the material discharge chute 11 is located on one side of the opening and closing plate 902. A stabilizing mechanism 10 is provided on the top of the workbench 1. The setting of the stabilizing mechanism 10 improves the stability of the lifting and lowering of the pressing mechanism 8, and improves the stability of the clamping of the diagonal steel workpiece by the pressing plate 807, thereby improving the accuracy of the bending of the diagonal steel workpiece.

[0040] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the stabilizing mechanism 10 includes a limit rod 1001 and a slide rail 1002, the slide rail 1002 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the workbench 1, and the top of the slide rail 1002 is fixed to the top plate 6, the outer sides of the slide rail 1002 are both fitted with mounting plates 1003, and a guide wheel 1004 is rotatably installed between the two mounting plates 1003, and the guide wheel 1004 is adapted to the slide rail 1002, and a connecting block 1005 is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate 1003, and the connecting block 1005 is connected to the lifting plate 80 1 is fixedly installed. The limit rod 1001 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate 801. The limit rod 1001 and the top plate 6 are slidably installed. During the up and down movement of the lifting plate 801, the connecting block 1005 is driven to move, the connecting block 1005 drives the mounting plate 1003 to move, and the mounting plate 1003 drives the guide wheel 1004 to move. Due to the cooperation between the guide wheel 1004 and the slide rail 1002, the lifting stability of the lifting plate 801 is improved, and the limiting effect of the limit rod 1001 further improves the stability.

[0041] The working principle of the present invention is: the first motor 302 works to effectively drive the first forward and reverse screw 301 to rotate, the first forward and reverse screw 301 rotates to change the distance between the two adjustment mechanisms 4, and the distance between the two movable plates 401 is adjusted according to the length of the angle steel workpiece. At the same time, the second motor 804 works to drive the second forward and reverse screw 803 to rotate, and the second forward and reverse screw 803 rotates to drive the two movable blocks 805 to move, ensuring that the positions of the movable plate 401 and the lower pressure plate 807 correspond, and the cut angle steel workpiece is placed on the two movable plates 401, the lifting plate 801 is driven downward by the first hydraulic cylinder 7, and the lower pressure plate 807 contacts the angle steel workpiece, effectively clamping and fixing the angle steel workpiece. The lifting plate 801 moves downward and drives the lifting member 14 to move downward. Since the roller 905 fits the lifting member 14, it plays a guiding role, and the second spring 903 is reset to make the two opening and closing plates 902 close to each other. The lifting member 14 moves to the bottom and cooperates with the two opening and closing plates 902 to block the feed chute 11 to prevent the unstable angle steel workpiece from flying out.

[0042] The second hydraulic cylinder 12 drives the bending member 13 to move, and the bending member 13 contacts the angle steel workpiece, thereby effectively bending the angle steel workpiece. During the bending process, the lower pressure plate 807 and the rotating plate 405 rotate, and the rotation of the rotating plate 405 drives the gear 402 to rotate, and the rotation of the gear 402 drives the rack 403 to move, and the first spring 404 is compressed.

[0043] After bending is completed, the lifting plate 801 moves upward, the clamping of the angle steel workpiece is released, the roller 905 slides along the inclined surface of the lifting member 14, the two opening and closing plates 902 move to both sides, the second spring 903 is compressed, the blockage of the feed chute 11 is released, the two movable plates 401 move to both ends, and the second hydraulic cylinder 12 continues to extend. The angle steel workpiece is unloaded through the feed chute 11. Due to the reset action of the first spring 404, the rack 403 is reset and moved. The movement of the rack 403 drives the gear 402 to rotate, and then the positioning member 406 rotates and resets. No manual adjustment is required, which improves work efficiency.

[0044] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces, comprising a workbench (1), characterized in that: The top of the workbench (1) is provided with a first mounting groove (2), a driving mechanism (3) is provided inside the first mounting groove (2), an adjusting mechanism (4) is provided outside the driving mechanism (3), a second hydraulic cylinder (12) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the workbench (1), a bending part (13) is fixedly installed on the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (12), support rods (5) are fixedly installed at the four corners of the top of the workbench (1), a top plate (6) is fixedly installed between the tops of the four support rods (5), a first hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixedly installed on the top of the top plate (6), and a pressing mechanism (8) is provided at the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (7).

2. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (3) comprises a first forward and reverse screw (301), the first forward and reverse screw (301) being rotatably mounted inside the first mounting groove (2), a first motor (302) being fixedly mounted on one side outside the workbench (1), and an output end of the first motor (302) being connected to the first forward and reverse screw (301).

3. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (4) comprises a movable plate (401), wherein the movable plate (401) is meshedly connected to the outside of the first forward and reverse screw rods (301), a gear (402) is rotatably mounted inside the movable plate (401), the outside of the gear (402) is meshedly connected to a rack (403), and the rack (403) is slidably mounted inside the movable plate (401), a first spring (404) is fixedly mounted on one end of the rack (403), and one end of the first spring (404) is fixed to one side of the inside of the movable plate (401), the top of the gear (402) passes through the movable plate (401) and is connected to a rotating plate (405), and a positioning member (406) is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating plate (405).

4. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism (8) comprises a lifting plate (801), wherein the lifting plate (801) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (7), a second mounting groove (802) is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate (801), a second forward and reverse screw rod (803) is rotatably mounted inside the second mounting groove (802), a second motor (804) is fixedly mounted on one side of the outside of the lifting plate (801), and the output end of the second motor (804) is connected to the second forward and reverse screw rod (803), and a pressing assembly is provided outside the second forward and reverse screw rod (803).

5. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing assembly comprises a moving block (805), which is symmetrically threadedly connected to the outside of the second forward and reverse screw rods (803), a connecting rod (806) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the moving block (805), and a pressing plate (807) is rotatably installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod (806).

6. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 5, characterized in that: An opening and closing mechanism (9) is provided on the top of the workbench (1).

7. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening and closing mechanism (9) comprises a slide groove (901), wherein the slide groove (901) is symmetrically arranged on the top of the workbench (1), an opening and closing plate (902) is slidably mounted on the top of the workbench (1) via the slide groove (901), a second spring (903) is equidistantly fixedly mounted on one side of the interior of the slide groove (901), and one end of the second spring (903) is fixedly connected to the opening and closing plate (902), a connecting piece (904) is fixedly mounted on the top of the opening and closing plate (902), and a roller (905) is rotatably mounted on one end of the connecting piece (904).

8. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 7, characterized in that: A lifting member (14) is fixedly mounted on the other side of the outside of the lifting plate (801), and the lifting member (14) and the two rollers (905) are in contact with each other.

9. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 7, characterized in that: A material discharge chute (11) is provided on the top of the workbench (1), and the material discharge chute (11) is located on one side of the opening and closing plate (902). A stabilizing mechanism (10) is provided on the top of the workbench (1).

10. A bending device for producing angle steel workpieces according to claim 9, characterized in that: The stabilizing mechanism (10) comprises a limit rod (1001) and a slide rail (1002); the slide rail (1002) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the top of the workbench (1), and the top of the slide rail (1002) is fixed to the top plate (6); mounting plates (1003) are fitted on both sides of the outside of the slide rail (1002); a guide wheel (1004) is rotatably mounted between the two mounting plates (1003), and the guide wheel (1004) is adapted to the slide rail (1002); a connecting block (1005) is fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting plate (1003), and the connecting block (1005) is fixedly mounted to the lifting plate (801); the limit rod (1001) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the top of the lifting plate (801), and the limit rod (1001) is slidably mounted to the top plate (6).

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