Laser additive direction-adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser additive direction-adjustable heat dissipation device based on the phase change process and a control method, and the device comprises a supporting shell, and a pair of opposite side walls of a shell body of the supporting shell are provided with openings to form a hollow installation space; the mounting assembly is movably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting space, and the position of the mounting assembly can be adjusted relative to the mounting space; the driving end of the driving assembly is connected with the mounting assembly through the transmission assembly, and the driving assembly is used for driving the mounting assembly to move in a preset position track in the mounting space; the spraying assembly is arranged on the mounting assembly and used for spraying a heat dissipation preparation so as to reduce the real-time temperature of the laser generation equipment during laser additive manufacturing; the spraying assembly comprises a spraying piece. The equipment temperature in the laser additive manufacturing process is effectively reduced, the problems of material performance reduction and equipment loss caused by high temperature are solved, and the heat dissipation efficiency and the manufacturing stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing heat dissipation, and more specifically, relates to a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device and a control method based on a phase change process. Background Art

[0002] In the past 30 years, additive manufacturing has become a revolutionary advanced digital manufacturing technology due to its unique advantages such as local control of material properties, rapid manufacturing of complex structural parts, integrated design and manufacturing, personalized customization, and high value-added product manufacturing. Among them, metal additive manufacturing technology, as an important development direction of advanced manufacturing, is also the most cutting-edge and difficult technology in the additive manufacturing system.

[0003] In order to solve a series of problems in the field of metal additive manufacturing, the use of laser additive technology to achieve additive manufacturing of metal materials is a feasible and effective method. However, laser additive manufacturing also faces a series of problems. The ultra-high temperature (above 1000°C) in a short period of time caused by laser cladding will cause the material to melt and form a local molten pool, in which the temperature change and the phase change (solid-liquid phase change, vapor-liquid phase change) involved are complex and difficult to control; on the other hand, the uneven heat flux density of the laser on the molten material will cause a local temperature gradient in the material. The existence of the temperature gradient will bring a series of adverse effects, such as: different liquid viscosities lead to surface tension, surface tension causes Marangoni convection in the molten pool, and buoyancy causes uneven density of the molten pool.

[0004] In normal printing, in order to solve the problem of local over-temperature, external forced convection or substrate temperature control is generally used to increase heat dissipation, thereby reducing the temperature and temperature gradient distribution of the component. However, for the laser additive process, the limited forced convection heat transfer and gas thermal conductivity have limited control capabilities for reducing local ultra-high temperatures; it can be seen that how to provide a technical solution for rapid and efficient cooling of the laser additive process is a technical problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, in order to effectively reduce the equipment temperature in the laser additive manufacturing process, solve the problem of material performance degradation and equipment loss caused by high temperature, and improve heat dissipation efficiency and manufacturing stability, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on a phase change process, which is installed on the inner wall of the laser printing chamber of the laser generating device, comprising:

[0006] A supporting shell, a pair of opposite side walls of which are provided with openings to form a hollow installation space, wherein the hollow installation space surrounds the periphery of the path of the laser source focusing projection when the laser generating device is started;

[0007] A mounting assembly, movably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting space, and capable of adjusting its position relative to the mounting space; the mounting assembly comprises an annular sleeve;

[0008] A driving assembly, wherein a driving end of the driving assembly is connected to the mounting assembly via a transmission assembly, and is used to drive the mounting assembly to move along a preset position trajectory within the mounting space;

[0009] A spraying assembly, disposed on the mounting assembly, for spraying a heat dissipation agent to reduce the real-time temperature of the laser generating device during laser material addition;

[0010] Wherein, the spraying assembly includes a spraying member, the spraying member has a spraying port, and the spraying path of the spraying port is arranged toward an adjacent position of the focused projection of the laser source.

[0011] In a first aspect, the drive assembly includes a first stepper motor;

[0012] The transmission assembly comprises a worm wheel and a worm, wherein the worm wheel is sleeved on the periphery of the annular sleeve of the mounting assembly and forms an integral structure with the transmission assembly, one end of the worm is connected to the output end of the first stepper motor, and the threaded portion of the worm shaft is adapted to be connected to the outer tooth portion of the worm wheel;

[0013] In the first aspect, the first stepper motor rotates to drive the screw to rotate the worm wheel, so that the mounting assembly rotates at an angle matching the worm wheel, thereby driving the nozzle assembly connected to the mounting assembly to cause a corresponding displacement.

[0014] In a first aspect, the drive assembly includes a second stepper motor;

[0015] The transmission assembly includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a transmission shaft and a driven shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output end of the second stepper motor, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected to the axis of the driving wheel, and the outer periphery of the driving wheel is provided with first convex teeth arranged at intervals; one end of the driven shaft is freely rotatably connected to the support shell, the other end of the driven shaft is connected to the axis of the driven wheel, and the outer periphery of the driven wheel is provided with second convex teeth arranged at intervals.

[0016] In the first aspect, the outer circumference of the annular sleeve is further provided with third convex teeth adapted to the first convex teeth and the second convex teeth, and the driving wheel is adapted to be connected to the third convex teeth on the outer circumference of the annular sleeve through the first convex teeth and the driven wheel is adapted to be connected to the third convex teeth on the outer circumference of the annular sleeve through the second convex teeth.

[0017] In the first aspect, the driven wheel and the driven shaft are provided in a pair and are arranged on the periphery of the annular sleeve at equal intervals from the driving wheel and the driving shaft.

[0018] In the first aspect, the device also includes a clamping assembly, which includes a sliding fixed end and a clamping end, the sliding fixed end is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular sleeve and can slide along the inner wall, and the clamping end is used to clamp the spraying assembly.

[0019] In the first aspect, the spray assembly further includes a storage member, the storage member is used to store the heat dissipation agent, and the storage member is connected to the spray member to supply the heat dissipation agent to the spray member for spraying.

[0020] In the first aspect, the heat dissipation agent is made of an AI-Si alloy phase change material.

[0021] In the first aspect, the device also includes: a first monitoring component, a second monitoring component and a control component, the first monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component, and is used to monitor the temperature of the focused projection position of the laser light source; the second monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component, and is used to monitor the position of the injection part of the spraying component and the position of the focused projection position of the laser light source; the control component is point-connected to the spraying component, and is used to control the spraying component to be turned on or off based on the information received from the first monitoring component and the second monitoring component.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a heat dissipation control method for laser additive based on a phase change process, which is implemented by an adjustable heat dissipation device for laser additive based on a phase change process, and includes:

[0023] Step S1, obtaining temperature information of the additive welding point during the laser additive process;

[0024] Step S2, comparing the temperature information with a preset temperature threshold range, if the temperature information reaches the temperature threshold range, obtaining first position information of a spray assembly for cooling the additive solder joint, and obtaining information of the additive solder joint; calculating whether the first position information and the second position information are within a preset position overlap threshold range, if so, controlling the spray assembly to start, so as to spray a heat dissipation agent prepared by an AI-Si alloy phase change material to cool the additive solder joint;

[0025] Step S3, obtaining temperature information of the additive welding point during the cooling process, and if the temperature information is lower than a preset temperature threshold range, controlling the spraying assembly to stop.

[0026] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0027] 1. The adjustable heat dissipation device for laser additive manufacturing based on the phase change process of the present invention realizes dynamic adjustment of the preset position trajectory of the installation component by designing a supporting shell with a hollow installation space surrounding the focusing projection path of the laser source, and cooperates with the installation component and the driving component movably installed on the inner wall. At the same time, by arranging a spraying component with a jet nozzle facing the focusing position of the laser source on the installation component, the equipment temperature in the laser additive manufacturing process is effectively reduced, the problem of material performance degradation and equipment loss caused by high temperature is solved, the heat dissipation efficiency and manufacturing stability are improved, precise heat dissipation is achieved, thermal stress and thermal deformation are reduced, the yield rate is improved, and good versatility and flexibility are demonstrated.

[0028] 2. The core technology of the device includes a supporting shell, which is cleverly designed to open openings in a pair of opposing side walls to form a hollow installation space. This space surrounds the periphery of the path of the laser source focus projection when the laser generating device is started, ensuring the maximum heat dissipation effect. Furthermore, the mounting component is movably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting space, and can be adjusted relative to the mounting space. A spraying component is provided on the mounting component for spraying a heat dissipation agent, which can dissipate heat in real time and efficiently during the laser additive process.

[0029] 3. Furthermore, a driving component is added, and its driving end is connected to the installation component through a transmission component, which is used to drive the installation component to move or adjust the height along a preset position trajectory within the installation space. This not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency, but also makes the heat dissipation more precise, and can dynamically adjust the heat dissipation direction according to the moving path of the laser source. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The structure of the laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on the phase change process in the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on the phase change process in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a front view of a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on a phase change process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a side view of a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on a phase change process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5A top view of a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on a phase change process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spraying assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structural connection of the laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on the phase change process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 A flowchart of a heat dissipation control method for laser additive manufacturing based on a phase change process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Support the shell;

[0040] 2. First step into the motor;

[0041] 3. Worm;

[0042] 4. Worm gear;

[0043] 5. Annular sleeve;

[0044] 6. Install components;

[0045] 7. Clamping assembly;

[0046] 8. Spraying assembly; 801. Sliding fixed end; 802. Clamping end;

[0047] 9. Second stepper motor;

[0048] 10. Driving wheel;

[0049] 11. Driven wheel

[0050] 12. Drive shaft

[0051] 13. Driven shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0053] Embodiment 1:

[0054] like Figure 1-8As shown, the first embodiment of the present invention proposes a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on a phase change process, which is installed on the inner wall of a laser printing chamber of a laser generating device, and includes: a supporting shell 1, a mounting assembly 6, a driving assembly and a spraying group;

[0055] Among them, a pair of opposite side walls of the shell of the supporting shell 1 are opened to form a hollow installation space, and the hollow installation space surrounds the periphery of the path of the focused projection of the laser source when the laser generating device is started; the installation component 6 is movably installed on the inner wall of the installation space, and can be adjusted relative to the installation space; the driving end of the driving component is connected to the installation component 6 through the transmission component, which is used to drive the installation component 6 to move along a preset position trajectory in the installation space; the spraying component 8 is arranged on the installation component 6, and is used to spray a heat dissipation agent to reduce the real-time temperature of the laser generating device during laser additive manufacturing; wherein the spraying component 8 includes a spraying member, the spraying member has a spraying port, and the spraying path of the spraying port is set toward the adjacent position of the focused projection of the laser source.

[0056] Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on a phase change process is proposed, which is designed to be installed on the inner wall of the laser printing chamber of the laser generating device. The device consists of four main parts: a supporting shell 1, a mounting assembly 6, a driving assembly and a spraying assembly 8. A pair of opposite side walls of the supporting shell 1 are designed with openings to form a hollow installation space, which surrounds the periphery of the path of the laser source focusing projection when the laser generating device is started to ensure that the heat dissipation effect can cover the key area of ​​the laser action. The mounting assembly 6 is movably installed on the inner wall of this hollow installation space, and has the ability to adjust the position relative to the installation space, so that it can adapt to the displacement requirements of different target laser paths. The driving end of the driving assembly is connected to the mounting assembly 6 through the transmission assembly. In the additive preparation stage, it is responsible for driving the mounting assembly 6 to move to the target position along the preset position trajectory in the horizontal installation space; in the laser additive process, the angle and height are dynamically adjusted according to the position of the additive. The spraying assembly 8 is installed on the mounting assembly 6, and its main function is to spray the heat dissipation agent to reduce the real-time temperature of the laser generating equipment during the laser additive manufacturing process, and prevent the degradation of material properties and equipment loss caused by overheating. The spraying assembly 8 includes an injection component, which is designed with a spray port, and its spray path is precisely aligned with the adjacent position of the focused projection of the laser source. Specifically, the spray path is located behind the focused projection of the laser source, and can be specifically set within the range of 0.5-1cm behind the focused projection position of the laser source, to ensure that the heat dissipation effect occurs synchronously with the progress of the printing path. This design not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency, but also reduces thermal stress and thermal deformation by precisely controlling the heat dissipation direction and position, thereby improving the stability of the laser additive manufacturing process and the quality of the finished product.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the mounting assembly 6 includes an annular sleeve 5. A circular sleeve may be used, and the axis of the circular sleeve is consistent with the point of the laser source focus projection. At the same time, the spray assembly 8 slidably arranged on the inner wall of the annular sleeve 5 can slide along the inner circumference of the circular sleeve.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, see Figure 6 The device further comprises a clamping assembly 7, the clamping assembly 7 comprises a sliding fixed end 801 and a clamping end 802, the sliding fixed end 801 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular sleeve 5 and can slide along the inner wall, and the clamping end 802 is used to clamp the spraying assembly 8. The spraying assembly 8 further comprises a storage member, the storage member is used to store a heat dissipation agent, and the storage member is connected to the spraying member to supply the spraying member with the heat dissipation agent for spraying.

[0059] In the above preferred embodiment, the clamping assembly 7 is composed of a sliding fixed end 801 and a clamping end 802, wherein the sliding fixed end 801 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular sleeve 5, and can slide along the inner wall to adapt to the adjustment requirements of different positions. The clamping end 802 is used to stably clamp the spray assembly 8 to ensure its fixation and adjustment on the inner wall of the laser printing chamber. In addition to the injection part, the spray assembly 8 also integrates a storage part, which is specially designed to store heat dissipation agents and is connected to the injection part so as to supply heat dissipation agents to the injection part when needed to realize the injection function. This design enables the spray assembly 8 to not only accurately control the heat dissipation direction, but also continuously supply heat dissipation agents as needed, thereby improving the practicality of the device and the convenience of operation. Through the coordinated work of the clamping assembly 7 and the spray assembly 8, the device of the present invention can more flexibly and efficiently perform heat dissipation in the laser additive manufacturing process, thereby optimizing the manufacturing process and improving product quality.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the heat dissipation agent is prepared from an AI-Si alloy phase change material.

[0061] For the AI-Si alloy phase change material in the above embodiment, by spraying the alloy powder on the molten pool formed after laser cladding, it can immediately absorb heat and vaporize, while taking away most of the heat to accelerate the solidification of the printed workpiece. The thermal conductivity of the aluminum-silicon alloy material is moderate, the energy storage density is large, and the latent heat of phase change is high. The working temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is high and stable (the phase change temperature itself is 580°C, and the working temperature can reach 600°C), and the self-corrosion is low.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the drive assembly comprises a first stepper motor 2;

[0063] The transmission assembly includes a worm wheel 4 and a worm 3. The worm wheel 4 is sleeved on the periphery of the annular sleeve 5 of the mounting assembly 6 and forms an integral structure with the transmission assembly. One end of the worm 3 is connected to the output end of the first stepper motor 2. The threaded portion of the worm 3 is adapted to be connected to the outer tooth portion of the worm wheel 4.

[0064] The first stepper motor 2 rotates to drive the screw to rotate the worm wheel 4, so that the mounting assembly 6 rotates at an angle matching the worm wheel 4, thereby driving the nozzle assembly connected to the mounting assembly 6 to make a corresponding displacement.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the drive assembly comprises a second stepper motor 9;

[0066] The transmission assembly includes a driving wheel 10, a driven wheel 11, a transmission shaft 12 and a driven shaft 13, one end of the transmission shaft 12 is connected to the output end of the second stepping motor 9, the other end of the transmission shaft 12 is connected to the axis of the driving wheel 10, and the outer periphery of the driving wheel 10 is provided with first convex teeth arranged at intervals; one end of the driven shaft 13 is freely rotatably connected to the support housing, the other end of the driven shaft 13 is connected to the axis of the driven wheel 11, and the outer periphery of the driven wheel 11 is provided with second convex teeth arranged at intervals;

[0067] The outer circumference of the annular sleeve 5 is also provided with a third convex tooth matched with the first convex tooth and the second convex tooth, and the driving wheel 10 is connected to the third convex tooth on the outer circumference of the annular sleeve 5 through the first convex tooth, and the driven wheel 11 is connected to the third convex tooth on the outer circumference of the annular sleeve 5 through the second convex tooth.

[0068] In the above preferred embodiment, the drive assembly is composed of two stepper motors, which are responsible for different motion control. It can be selected according to the use requirements in actual use. It should be noted that the two composition modes of the drive assembly shown in this embodiment are only two of the drive assemblies applicable to the present invention, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Other drive devices that can constitute the same technical effect as the drive assembly of the present invention are also within the protection scope of the present invention; specifically, the first stepper motor 2 is connected to the worm wheel 4 and the worm 3 in the transmission assembly, wherein the worm wheel 4 is sleeved on the periphery of the annular sleeve 5 of the mounting assembly 6, and forms an integral structure with the transmission assembly. One end of the worm 3 is connected to the output end of the first stepper motor 2, and the threaded portion of the rod body is adapted to the peripheral tooth portion of the worm wheel 4. Through the rotation of the first stepper motor 2, the worm 3 drives the worm wheel 4 to rotate, so that the mounting assembly 6 rotates at an angle adapted to the worm wheel 4, and then drives the spray assembly 8 connected to the mounting assembly 6 to have a corresponding displacement, so as to achieve accurate spray positioning.

[0069] The second stepper motor 9 is connected with the driving wheel 10, the driven wheel 11, the transmission shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13 in the transmission assembly. One end of the transmission shaft 12 is connected to the output end of the second stepper motor 9, and the other end is connected to the axis of the driving wheel 10, and the outer periphery of the driving wheel 10 is provided with a first convex tooth. One end of the driven shaft 13 is connected to the support shell for free rotation, and the other end is connected to the axis of the driven wheel 11, and the outer periphery of the driven wheel 11 is provided with a second convex tooth. The outer periphery of the annular sleeve 5 is provided with a third convex tooth adapted to the first convex tooth and the second convex tooth, and the driving wheel 10 is adapted to be connected to the third convex tooth on the outer periphery of the annular sleeve 5 through the first convex tooth and the driven wheel 11 through the second convex tooth. Such a design makes it possible to drive the rotation of the driving wheel 10 and the driven wheel 11 through the rotation of the second stepper motor 9, and then drive the annular sleeve 5 to rotate through the meshing convex teeth, so as to realize the circumferential movement of the spray assembly 8 on the annular sleeve 5 to cover a wider heat dissipation area. This structure not only improves the flexibility and adjustment accuracy of the device, but also enhances the heat dissipation effect, allowing the device to more efficiently cope with the temperature control requirements during laser additive manufacturing.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the driven wheel 11 and the driven shaft 13 are a pair, and are arranged at equal intervals with the driving wheel 10 and the driving shaft on the periphery of the annular sleeve 5. In this way, a stable three-axis structure can be formed.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the device also includes: a first monitoring component, a second monitoring component and a control component, wherein the first monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component for monitoring the temperature of the focused projection position of the laser light source; the second monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component for monitoring the position of the injection part of the spraying component 8 and the position of the focused projection position of the laser light source; the control component is point-connected to the spraying component 8 for controlling the spraying component 8 to be turned on or off based on the information received from the first monitoring component and the second monitoring component.

[0072] In the above preferred embodiment, in order to further enhance the intelligence and precise control capability of the heat dissipation device, the device further includes a first monitoring component, a second monitoring component and a control component. The first monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component, and its main function is to monitor the temperature of the laser light source focus projection position in real time to ensure that the temperature of the laser processing area is controlled within a safe and effective range. The second monitoring component is also electrically connected to the control component, and it is responsible for monitoring the position of the injection part of the spraying component 8 and the laser light source focus projection position to ensure that the heat dissipation agent can be accurately sprayed to the area that needs to be cooled. The control component, as the central control machine of the entire system, is connected to the spraying component 8. It intelligently controls the opening or closing of the spraying component 8 according to the temperature and position information provided by the first monitoring component and the second monitoring component to achieve precise heat dissipation control. This monitoring and control mechanism enables the heat dissipation device to adapt to different working environments and conditions, automatically adjust the heat dissipation strategy, and maintain the temperature stability of the laser processing area in the best way, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of laser additive manufacturing, and also extending the service life of the equipment.

[0073] Embodiment 2:

[0074] The present invention provides a heat dissipation control method for laser additive based on a phase change process, the control method is applied to the above-mentioned adjustable heat dissipation device for laser additive based on a phase change process, and the control method includes:

[0075] Acquiring temperature information of the additive welding spot during the laser additive process;

[0076] The temperature information is compared with a preset temperature threshold range. If the temperature information reaches the temperature threshold range, the first position information of the spray assembly 8 for cooling the additive solder joint is obtained, and the information of the additive solder joint is obtained; whether the first position information and the second position information are within a preset position overlap threshold range is calculated. If so, the spray assembly 8 is controlled to start so as to spray a heat dissipation agent prepared by an AI-Si alloy phase change material to cool the additive solder joint;

[0077] The temperature information of the additive welding point is obtained during the cooling process. If the temperature information is lower than a preset temperature threshold range, the spraying component 8 is controlled to stop.

[0078] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process, installed on the inner wall of the laser printing chamber of the laser generating device, characterized in that: include: A supporting shell (1) has a pair of opposite side walls of the shell with openings to form a hollow installation space, wherein the hollow installation space surrounds the periphery of a path of a laser source focus projection when the laser generating device is started; A mounting assembly (6) is movably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting space and can be adjusted relative to the mounting space; the mounting assembly (6) comprises an annular sleeve (5); A driving assembly, wherein a driving end of the driving assembly is connected to the mounting assembly (6) via a transmission assembly, and is used to drive the mounting assembly (6) to move along a preset position trajectory within the mounting space; A spraying assembly (8), arranged on the mounting assembly (6), for spraying a heat dissipation agent to reduce the real-time temperature of the laser generating device when performing laser material addition; Wherein, the spraying assembly (8) comprises a spraying member, the spraying member has a spraying port, and the spraying path of the spraying port is arranged toward an adjacent position of the focused projection of the laser source.

2. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a first stepper motor (2); The transmission assembly comprises a worm wheel (4) and a worm (3); the worm wheel (4) is sleeved on the periphery of the annular sleeve (5) of the mounting assembly (6) and forms an integral structure with the transmission assembly; one end of the worm (3) is connected to the output end of the first stepper motor (2); and the threaded portion of the worm (3) is adapted to be connected to the peripheral tooth portion of the worm wheel (4).

3. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first stepper motor (2) rotates to drive the screw to rotate the worm wheel (4), so that the mounting assembly (6) rotates at an angle matching the worm wheel (4), thereby driving the nozzle assembly connected to the mounting assembly (6) to move correspondingly.

4. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a second stepping motor (9); The transmission assembly comprises a driving wheel (10), a driven wheel (11), a transmission shaft (12) and a driven shaft (13); one end of the transmission shaft (12) is connected to the output end of the second stepping motor (9), the other end of the transmission shaft (12) is connected to the axis of the driving wheel (10), and the outer periphery of the driving wheel (10) is provided with first convex teeth arranged at intervals; one end of the driven shaft (13) is freely rotatably connected to the support shell, the other end of the driven shaft (13) is connected to the axis of the driven wheel (11), and the outer periphery of the driven wheel (11) is provided with second convex teeth arranged at intervals.

5. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The outer circumference of the annular sleeve (5) is also provided with a third convex tooth adapted to the first convex tooth and the second convex tooth, and the driving wheel (10) is adapted to be connected to the third convex tooth on the outer circumference of the annular sleeve (5) via the first convex tooth, and the driven wheel (11) is adapted to be connected to the third convex tooth on the outer circumference of the annular sleeve (5) via the second convex tooth.

6. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The driven wheel (11) and the driven shaft (13) are a pair and are arranged on the periphery of the annular sleeve (5) at equal intervals from the driving wheel (10) and the driving shaft.

7. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The device also includes a clamping assembly (7), the clamping assembly (7) including a sliding fixed end (801) and a clamping end (802), the sliding fixed end (801) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the annular sleeve (5) and can slide along the inner wall, and the clamping end (802) is used to clamp the spraying assembly (8).

8. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The spraying assembly (8) further comprises a storage part, which is used to store the heat dissipation agent, and the storage part is connected to the spraying part and is used to supply the heat dissipation agent to the spraying part for spraying.

9. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The heat dissipation preparation is prepared from an AI-Si alloy phase change material.

10. The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The device also includes: a first monitoring component, a second monitoring component and a control component, wherein the first monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component and is used to monitor the temperature of the focus projection position of the laser light source; the second monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component and is used to monitor the position of the injection part of the spraying component (8) and the position of the focus projection position of the laser light source; the control component is connected to the spraying component (8) and is used to control the spraying component (8) to be turned on or off according to the information received from the first monitoring component and the second monitoring component.

11. A heat dissipation control method for laser additive manufacturing based on phase change process, characterized in that: The laser additive adjustable heat dissipation device based on phase change process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented, comprising: Step S1, obtaining temperature information of the additive welding point during the laser additive process; Step S2, comparing the temperature information with a preset temperature threshold range, if the temperature information reaches the temperature threshold range, obtaining first position information of a spray assembly for cooling the additive solder joint, and obtaining information of the additive solder joint; calculating whether the first position information and the second position information are within a preset position overlap threshold range, if so, controlling the spray assembly to start, so as to spray a heat dissipation agent prepared by an AI-Si alloy phase change material to cool the additive solder joint; Step S3, obtaining the temperature information of the additive welding point during the cooling process, and if the temperature information is lower than a preset temperature threshold range, controlling the spraying assembly to stop.

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