Biochar preparation device and method based on plant fibers

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of charcoal preparation, in particular to a charcoal preparation device based on plant fibers, which comprises a carbonization machine main body, a gas input end of a detection mechanism is connected with a waste gas discharge end of the carbonization machine main body, and a gas discharge end of the detection mechanism is connected with a gas input end of a recovery mechanism. A plurality of box bodies are arranged in the recycling mechanism; according to the invention, when the carbonization machine main body begins to produce carbon, waste gas generated during burning enters the box body at the lowermost side of the recovery mechanism from the exhaust hole at the bottom of the first inner box body, in the process, heat is conducted to a heat conduction pipe and liquid in the box body from the waste gas, and the liquid in the box body is heated to a temperature required by boiling; and the generated steam can drive the pump body to operate through the energy conversion mechanism, and cooling water can be driven to circulate without an electric water pump, so that subsequent materials can be quickly cooled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of charcoal making, and in particular to a device and method for making biochar based on plant fibers. Background Art

[0002] Biochar is a type of refractory, stable, highly aromatic, carbon-rich solid substance produced by slow pyrolysis of biological residues in an oxygen-deficient state. Biochar has the characteristics of high and stable carbon content, high pH value, multi-pore structure, and large specific surface area.

[0003] Plant fiber is a filamentous or floc-like substance formed by the combination of cellulose and various nutrients. It has the functions of supporting, connecting, wrapping and filling for plants. It is widely found in plant stalks, roots, fruits and shells. It has the characteristics of wide sources, low cost and excellent properties. The conversion of agricultural and forestry plant fiber waste into biochar can reduce the accumulation and incineration of waste and achieve resource recycling.

[0004] Thermal utilization rate is an important indicator of carbonization machine performance. It refers to the ratio between the thermal energy effectively converted into biochar during the carbonization process and the total thermal energy input. High thermal utilization rate means that more input thermal energy is effectively converted into biochar, which can reduce fuel demand, reduce energy waste, and make the carbonization process more economical.

[0005] In the existing biomass carbonization machine, when working, the dry raw materials enter the carbonization machine from one side. A columnar heating chamber is arranged inside the carbonization machine, and a spiral metal sheet is arranged inside the heating chamber. The material is pushed forward as the heating chamber rotates. During the process, inert gas is injected into the carbonization chamber to create an oxygen-deficient environment. The fuel burns in the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonization machine, and the heat generated is transferred to the carbonization chamber to carbonize the material. Finally, as the carbonization chamber rotates, the material is discharged from the discharge port of the carbonization chamber to the material cooling pipe. The outer layer of the material cooling pipe is provided with circulating cooling water, and the inner layer is provided with a screw conveyor to catch the fallen carbonized material and convey it to the discharge port of the conveyor. During the process, the cooling water continuously absorbs the heat of the carbonized material on the outside of the conveyor to cool it. Finally, the finished charcoal obtained falls from the discharge port of the conveyor.

[0006] In the above-mentioned prior art, the waste gas generated by combustion is mostly discharged directly after purification. During the process, the heat contained in the waste gas cannot be well recovered and utilized, and the heat utilization efficiency needs to be improved. For this reason, we propose a biochar preparation device and preparation method based on plant fiber. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biochar preparation device and preparation method based on plant fiber to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a plant fiber-based biochar preparation device comprises a carbonization machine body, a gas input end of the detection mechanism is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the carbonization machine body, a gas discharge end of the detection mechanism is connected to the gas input end of the recovery mechanism, and a plurality of boxes are arranged inside the recovery mechanism;

[0009] A detection mechanism, which controls the number of boxes into which gas is fed by detecting the gas injection amount and flow rate;

[0010] A recovery mechanism, the recovery mechanism is used to absorb the heat in the exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization machine body, and a conversion mechanism is arranged on the top of the recovery mechanism, the conversion mechanism is used to drive the coolant flow of the carbonization machine body;

[0011] A water tank is provided inside the water tank with a purification mechanism for purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization machine body, and the water tank is used to store a coolant for cooling the material in the carbonization machine body.

[0012] Further: the detection mechanism includes a shell, the bottom of the shell is connected to an air inlet pipe, the other end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the carbonization machine body, a first inner box is fixedly installed inside the shell, the interior of the first inner box is connected to the air inlet pipe, the interior of the first inner box is provided with a plurality of vertically distributed exhaust holes, the inner wall of the first inner box is provided with a slide rail on one side of the exhaust hole, the lower end of the slide rail is slidably connected to a partition, the outer surface of the slide rail is slidably connected to a counterweight block at the upper end of the partition, and the position of the counterweight block is adapted to the position of the exhaust hole.

[0013] Furthermore: the boxes are all equipped with heat conduction pipes, float valves and steam exhaust branches, the air inlet end of the heat conduction pipes is connected with the exhaust end of the exhaust holes, the number of boxes matches the number of exhaust holes, and a steam main pipe is also fixedly installed inside the recovery mechanism, and the exhaust ends of the steam exhaust branches are all fixedly installed on the air inlet end of the steam main pipe.

[0014] Further: the energy conversion mechanism includes a steam engine, the air inlet end of the steam engine is connected to the exhaust end of the steam main pipe, the flywheel of the steam engine is located inside the pump body and is connected to the impeller inside the pump body through a transmission shaft, the liquid inlet end of the pump body is connected to one end of the water tank, a material cooling pipe is provided at the lower side of the discharge port of the carbonizer body, a cooling water flow layer is provided inside the material cooling pipe, a screw conveyor closed relative to the cooling water is provided on the inner side of the cooling water flow layer, the discharge end of the pump body is connected to the cooling water flow layer of the carbonizer body, and the liquid output end of the cooling water flow layer is connected to one end of the water tank.

[0015] Further: a hot water tank and a cold water tank are arranged inside the water tank from top to bottom, the purification mechanism is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the hot water tank, the air inlet end of the purification mechanism is connected with the exhaust gas discharge end of the recovery mechanism, the interior of the purification mechanism is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity that are connected, the interior of the first cavity is provided with a filter grid, the interior of the second cavity is provided with an adsorption solution, the air inlet end inside the second cavity extends the air outlet end under the adsorption solution through a pipe, and one end of the second cavity is provided with a sewage pipe and a water supply pipe.

[0016] Furthermore: a liquid level sensor is provided on the inner wall of the hot water tank, and an electromagnetic drain valve is provided on the bottom of the inner wall of the hot water tank. The electromagnetic drain valve is used to control the connection between the hot water tank and the cold water tank. A steam inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are installed on the outer wall of the hot water tank. The air inlet end of the steam inlet pipe is connected to the exhaust end of the steam engine, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe is connected to one end of the shell.

[0017] Further: the interior of the shell is also fixedly connected to a second inner box on one side of the first inner box, the drainage end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the interior of the second inner box, the interior of the second inner box is provided with a plurality of vertical drainage holes whose number matches the number of boxes, the lower surface of the partition is provided with a telescopic multi-section partition at one end close to the first inner box, one end of the telescopic multi-section partition is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the shell, the other end of the telescopic multi-section partition is fixed to the lower surface of the partition, and one end of the partition extends through the first inner box to the second inner box A toothed plate is fixedly connected to the outside, one end of the toothed plate is meshed with a gear, the positions of several gears are matched with the positions on the lower sides of several drainage holes, the gears are rotatably connected to the outer end of the second inner box, the ends of the gears close to the inside of the second inner box are fixedly connected with screws, one end of the screws is threadedly connected with a movable plate, the inner wall of the second inner box is fixedly connected with a baffle on one side of the movable plate, the sizes of the baffle and the movable plate are matched with the sizes of the inner wall of the second inner box, and the sum of the lengths of the baffle and the movable plate is greater than the length of the inner wall of the second inner box.

[0018] Furthermore: an air supply pipe is provided inside the cold water tank, the air inlet end of the air supply pipe is connected to the air pump, the exhaust end of the air supply pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the carbonization machine main combustion chamber, and a water supply pipe is provided on the outer wall of the cold water tank, and the water outlet end of the water supply pipe is connected to the liquid inlet end of the pump body.

[0019] The present invention also provides a biochar preparation method based on a plant fiber biochar preparation device, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1, feeding the plant fiber for preparing biochar into the carbonizing machine body from the feed port of the carbonizing machine body, closing the carbonizing chamber and injecting inert gas;

[0021] S2, start the carbonization machine body, the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonization machine body starts to burn, the temperature in the carbonization chamber is increased, and the waste gas generated during combustion is sent to the recovery mechanism to heat the liquid in the box;

[0022] S3. As the liquid in the box continues to evaporate, the emitted steam is driven by the energy conversion mechanism to drive the pump body to move, and the cooling water begins to flow continuously;

[0023] S4. After the biochar is prepared, it is discharged from the discharge port of the carbonizer body and enters the screw conveyor inside the material cooling tube. During the process, it absorbs heat and is quickly cooled by cooling water. Then, the finished biochar is discharged from the discharge end of the screw conveyor.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. In the present invention, when the carbonization machine body starts to make carbon, the waste gas generated during burning enters the box at the lowest side of the recovery mechanism from the exhaust hole at the bottom of the first inner box. During the process, the heat is transferred from the waste gas to the heat pipe and the liquid in the box, and the liquid in the box is heated to the boiling temperature. The generated steam can drive the pump body to operate through the energy conversion mechanism, and the cooling water can be driven to circulate without an electric water pump, so as to quickly cool down the subsequent materials.

[0026] 2. The heat contained in the high-temperature exhaust gas generated during combustion can be efficiently recovered by the box, hot water tank and cold water tank, reducing the demand for fuel, reducing energy waste, and making the carbonization process more economical;

[0027] 3. When the carbonization temperature of the carbonization machine body needs to be increased quickly, it is also understandable that the exhaust gas can impact the partition due to the increase in flow rate, so that it can overcome its own weight and the weight of the counterweight block and lift it, so that more boxes can participate in the recovery of exhaust gas heat. It should be added that the fewer boxes are used, the faster the boiling rate, and the more boxes are used, the higher the heat absorption rate.

[0028] 4. When the partition is lifted, the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the corresponding box along the exhaust hole. As the partition is lifted, the toothed plate connected to the partition can control the rotation of the gear, thereby retracting the movable plate to expose the corresponding drainage hole on the upper side. It should be noted that the telescopic multi-section partition is used to seal the first inner box so that the gas on this side will not flow out when the partition moves. In addition, it should be noted that when the water pressure supplied by the outlet pipe remains unchanged, the fewer the unobstructed drainage holes are caused by the closure of the movable plate, the higher the replenishment rate can be, making it more convenient to replenish water in the box. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic elevation diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the outer connection between the detection mechanism and the recovery mechanism in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the recycling mechanism in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the water tank in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the internal structure of the recovery mechanism in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection mechanism in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal top view of the detection mechanism in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the sliding path of the counterweight block on one side of the slide rail in the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the interior of the pump body in the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the present invention;

[0039] Fig.11 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the present invention;

[0040] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of combustion chamber and carbonization chamber in the prior art

[0041] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of a material cooling pipe in the prior art.

[0042] In the figure: 1. Carbonization machine body; 2. Detection mechanism; 3. Recovery mechanism; 4. Box; 5. Energy conversion mechanism; 6. Purification mechanism; 7. Water tank; 8. Shell; 9. Inlet pipe; 10. First inner box; 11. Exhaust hole; 12. Slide rail; 13. Partition; 14. Counterweight; 15. Heat pipe; 16. Float valve; 17. Steam exhaust branch pipe; 18. Steam main pipe; 19. Steam engine; 20. Pump body; 21. Material Cooling pipe; 22. hot water tank; 23. cold water tank; 24. first cavity; 25. second cavity; 26. filter grille; 27. liquid level sensor; 28. steam inlet pipe; 29. ​​water outlet pipe; 30. second inner box; 31. drain hole; 32. telescopic multi-section partition; 33. electromagnetic drain valve; 34. air supply pipe; 35. water supply pipe; 36. tooth plate; 37. gear; 38. screw; 39. movable plate; 40. baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] See also Figure 1-13 , the figure shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a biochar preparation device based on plant fiber, including a carbonizer body 1, a gas input end of a detection mechanism 2 is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust end of the carbonizer body 1, and the gas exhaust end of the detection mechanism 2 is connected to the gas input end of a recovery mechanism 3, and a plurality of boxes 4 are arranged inside the recovery mechanism 3; the detection mechanism 2 controls the number of boxes 4 into which gas is fed by detecting the gas injection amount and flow rate, the recovery mechanism 3 is used to absorb heat in the exhaust gas discharged from the carbonizer body 1, and a conversion mechanism 5 is arranged on the top of the recovery mechanism 3, and the conversion mechanism 5 is used to drive the coolant flow of the carbonizer body 1, and a purification mechanism 6 for purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the carbonizer body 1 is arranged inside the water tank 7, and the water tank 7 is used to store the coolant used for cooling the material in the carbonizer body 1.

[0045] Specifically, the detection mechanism 2 includes a shell 8, the bottom of the shell 8 is connected to an air intake pipe 9, the other end of the air intake pipe 9 is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the carbonization machine body 1, and a first inner box 10 is fixedly installed inside the shell 8. The interior of the first inner box 10 is connected to the air intake pipe 9, and the interior of the first inner box 10 is provided with a plurality of vertically distributed exhaust holes 11. The inner wall of the first inner box 10 is provided with a slide rail 12 on one side of the exhaust hole 11, and the lower end of the slide rail 12 is slidably connected to a partition 13, and the outer surface of the slide rail 12 is slidably connected to a counterweight block 14 at the upper end of the partition 13, and the position of the counterweight block 14 is adapted to the position of the exhaust hole 11.

[0046] It is understandable that when the carbonization machine body 1 starts to make carbon, the carbon dioxide and other gases generated by combustion need to be discharged from the top of the combustion chamber and enter the first inner box 10 along the air inlet pipe 9. The higher the temperature requirement of the carbonization chamber of the carbonization machine body 1, the greater the demand for fuel and oxygen supplementation, and the faster the flow rate of the exhaust gas generated during combustion in a fixed pipe diameter. During normal combustion, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the exhaust gas generated during combustion enters the box 4 at the lower side of the recovery mechanism 3 from the exhaust hole 11 at the bottom of the first inner box 10. During the process, the heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the heat pipe 15 and the liquid in the box 4. Since the temperature of the carbonization machine body 1 during combustion usually needs to be above 400 degrees Celsius, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated during combustion can quickly heat the liquid in the box 4 to the boiling temperature required, and the generated steam can drive the pump body 20 to operate through the energy conversion mechanism 5. When the carbonization temperature of the carbonization machine body 1 needs to be increased quickly, it can also be understood that the exhaust gas can impact the partition 13 and increase the applied pressure due to the increase in flow rate, so that the partition 13 is lifted, so that more boxes 4 can participate in the recovery of exhaust gas heat. It should be added that the fewer boxes 4 are used, the faster the steam boiling rate, and the more boxes are used, the higher the heat absorption rate.

[0047] Among them, the box bodies 4 are equipped with heat conduction pipes 15, float valves 16 and steam exhaust branches 17. The air inlet end of the heat conduction pipe 15 is connected to the exhaust end of the exhaust hole 11. The number of box bodies 4 matches the number of exhaust holes 11. A steam main pipe 18 is also fixedly installed inside the recovery mechanism 3. The exhaust ends of the steam exhaust branches 17 are fixedly installed on the air inlet end of the steam main pipe 18.

[0048] It should be explained that the float valve 16 is used to maintain the height of the water level line in the box body 4, so as to facilitate timely replenishment of the evaporated water from the water tank 7. The steam is discharged along the only outlet steam discharge branch pipe 17 in the box body 4. When the steam flows out of the steam main pipe 18, it should be added that a one-way valve structure is provided at one end of the steam discharge branch pipe 17, so there is no need to worry about the backflow of steam airflow. This is the prior art, so it will not be described in detail. In addition, Figure 5 As shown, an exhaust gas discharge pipe connected to one end of the heat conduction pipe 15 is arranged on the right side of the box body 4 to send the exhaust gas to the purification mechanism.

[0049] Among them, the energy conversion mechanism 5 includes a steam engine 19, the air intake end of the steam engine 19 is connected to the exhaust end of the steam main pipe 18, the flywheel of the steam engine 19 is located inside the pump body 20 and is connected to the impeller inside the pump body 20 through a transmission shaft, the liquid inlet end of the pump body 20 is connected to one end of the water tank 7, a material cooling pipe 21 is arranged at the lower side of the discharge port of the carbonizing machine body 1, a cooling water flow layer is arranged inside the material cooling pipe 21, a screw conveyor which is closed relative to the cooling water is arranged inside the cooling water flow layer, the discharge end of the pump body 20 is connected to the cooling water flow layer of the carbonizing machine body 1, and the liquid output end of the cooling water flow layer is connected to one end of the water tank 7.

[0050] Specifically, the steam engine 19 is mainly composed of a cylinder, a base, a piston, a crank-connecting rod mechanism, a slide valve steam distribution structure, a speed regulating structure and a flywheel. Steam is sent to the cylinder along the steam main pipe 18, and enters the left or right side of the cylinder alternately under the control of the slide valve to push the piston to move. The piston passes through the crank-connecting rod mechanism and then controls the rotation of the flywheel. This is the prior art and the details are not repeated. In addition, Fig. 9 and 10 As shown, the pump body 20 is fixed on the upper side of the recovery mechanism 3, the flywheel is located inside the pump body 20, and is connected to the impeller through a transmission shaft. The flywheel rotates at the tail of the pump body 20, and when rotating, the impeller is driven to rotate through the transmission shaft that is fixed with both the impeller and the flywheel, thereby driving the flow of water. It can be understood that compared with an ordinary water pump, the flywheel replaces the motor to drive the impeller to rotate. For the screw conveyor, it needs to be added that the feed port of the screw conveyor is located on the lower side of the discharge port of the carbonizer body 1.

[0051] Among them, the interior of the water tank 7 is provided with a hot water tank 22 and a cold water tank 23 from top to bottom, the purification mechanism 6 is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the hot water tank 22, the air inlet end of the purification mechanism 6 is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the recovery mechanism 3, and the interior of the purification mechanism 6 is provided with a connected first cavity 24 and a second cavity 25, a filter grid 26 is provided inside the first cavity 24, an adsorption solution is provided inside the second cavity 25, the air inlet end inside the second cavity 25 extends the air outlet end under the adsorption solution through a pipeline, and one end of the second cavity 25 is provided with a sewage pipe and a water supply pipe.

[0052] It can be understood that the hot water tank 22 and the cold water tank 23 are used to store hot water and relatively cold water, respectively, to facilitate the return hot water to enter the box body 4 and continue to evaporate. In the purification mechanism 6, after the exhaust gas enters the first cavity 24, the impurities and some volatiles in the exhaust gas are filtered by the filter grille 26. A detachable inspection plate is set on one side of the filter grille 26 to facilitate the replacement or maintenance of the filter grille 26 during shutdown. The exhaust gas filtered by the filter grille 26 enters the second cavity 25 along the pores between the first cavity 24 and the second cavity 25, and is led to the adsorption solution by the pipeline to absorb harmful components in the gas. One end of the water supply pipe of the second cavity 25 is connected to the water inlet end of the cold water tank 23. A solenoid valve is also set on the water supply pipe to facilitate the participation in the flow path of cooling water after the sewage is discharged for timely replenishment. It should be added that the effective ingredients in the solution can be added from the outside, such as artificial addition.

[0053] It should be explained that the hot water tank 22 and the top of the purification mechanism 6 are both connected to the outside world, and a cooling fan is provided on the top of the water tank 7, which is used to increase the gas flow rate there when necessary to facilitate heat dissipation.

[0054] Among them, a liquid level sensor 27 is provided on the inner wall of the hot water tank 22, and an electromagnetic drain valve 33 is provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the hot water tank 22. The electromagnetic drain valve 33 is used to control the connection between the hot water tank 22 and the cold water tank 23. A steam inlet pipe 28 and a water outlet pipe 29 are installed on the outer wall of the hot water tank 22. The air inlet end of the steam inlet pipe 28 is connected to the exhaust end of the steam engine 19, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe 29 is connected to one end of the shell 8.

[0055] It should be noted that the outlet end of the steam inlet pipe 28 is directed toward the liquid surface in the hot water tank 22 and is buried below the liquid surface, so that the moisture in the exhaust gas can be recovered. When too much liquid accumulates in the hot water tank 22, the electromagnetic drain valve 33 is opened to allow part of the liquid to enter the cold water tank 23, and then closed after the water level returns to normal, so that the liquid level is maintained in a certain range. The hot water inside the liquid level sensor 27 can return to the shell 8 along the outlet pipe 29 for reuse by the tank 4. It should be supplemented that the hot water tank 22 is located on the upper side of the cold water tank 23, and the height of the outlet pipe 29 connected to the hot water tank 22 is higher than the height of the tank 4 at the highest point, so that the water flow in the hot water tank 22 can naturally flow into the tank 4 under the gravitational potential energy.

[0056] Specifically, the inside of the shell 8 is also fixedly connected to the second inner box 30 on one side of the first inner box 10, the drainage end of the water outlet pipe 29 is connected to the inside of the second inner box 30, and the inside of the second inner box 30 is provided with a plurality of vertical drainage holes 31 whose number matches the number of the box 4, and the lower surface of the partition 13 is provided with a telescopic multi-section partition 32 at one end close to the first inner box 10, one end of the telescopic multi-section partition 32 is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the shell 8, and the other end of the telescopic multi-section partition 32 is fixed to the lower surface of the partition 13, and one end of the partition 13 extends through the first inner box 10 to the outside of the second inner box 30 and is fixed A toothed plate 36 is fixedly connected thereto, one end of which is meshed with a gear 37, the positions of several gears 37 are matched with the positions on the lower sides of several drainage holes 31, the gears 37 are rotatably connected to the outer end of the second inner box body 30, one end of the gears 37 close to the inside of the second inner box body 30 is fixedly connected to a screw 38, one end of the screw 38 is threadedly connected to a movable plate 39, the inner wall of the second inner box body 30 is fixedly connected with a baffle 40 on one side of the movable plate 39, the sizes of the baffle 40 and the movable plate 39 are matched with the sizes of the inner wall of the second inner box body 30, and the sum of the lengths of the baffle 40 and the movable plate 39 is greater than the length of the inner wall of the second inner box body 30.

[0057] It can be understood that when the partition 13 is lifted, the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the corresponding box body 4 along the exhaust hole 11. As the partition 13 is lifted, the tooth plate 36 connected to the partition 13 can control the rotation of the gear 37, thereby retracting the movable plate 39 to expose the corresponding drainage hole 31 on the upper side. It should be noted that the telescopic multi-section partition 32 is used to close the first inner box body 10, so that when the partition 13 moves, gas will not flow out of the first inner box body 10 on this side. In addition, it should be noted that when the water pressure supplied by the water outlet pipe 29 remains unchanged, the fewer the unobstructed drainage holes 31 are caused by the closure of the movable plate 39, the faster the liquid replenishment rate can be, so that the replenishment of water in the box body 4 is more convenient.

[0058] Among them, an air supply pipe 34 is arranged inside the cold water tank 23, the air inlet end of the air supply pipe 34 is connected to the air pump, the exhaust end of the air supply pipe 34 is connected to the air inlet end of the combustion chamber of the carbonization machine body 1, and a water supply pipe 35 is arranged on the outer wall of the cold water tank 23, and the water outlet end of the water supply pipe 35 is connected to the liquid inlet end of the pump body 20.

[0059] Specifically, the air supply pipe 34 is used to transport oxygen required for the combustion of the carbonization machine body 1. When the outside temperature is low, the low-temperature oxygen has an adverse effect on the temperature of the combustion chamber of the carbonization machine body 1. In the present invention, since the hot water accumulated in the hot water tank 22 needs to be discharged to the cold water tank 23, heat is transferred to the cold water tank 23. At this time, the gas flowing along the air supply pipe 34 can not only help itself to preheat, but also maintain the water temperature in the cold water tank 23 in a stable range, so that the liquid with the water temperature in the cold water tank 23 maintained in a stable range is transported to the material cooling pipe 21 of the carbonization machine body 1, which helps the material in the material cooling pipe 21 to quickly cool down. In addition, it should be added that the cold water tank 23 is located at the lower side of the hot water tank 22, and the lower end of the cold water tank 23 can also be buried underground to help control the internal temperature to maintain in a stable range.

[0060] It should be added that there are two air supply pipes 34, which are not connected to each other. One air supply pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the carbonizer body 1 to supply air to the carbonizer body 1, and the other air supply pipe 34 is provided with a pipe interface on the outside of the cold water tank. An auxiliary pipeline can be installed at one end of the air supply pipe 34 passing through the cold water tank 23 through bolts. After an external air pump is connected, gas can be extracted from this air supply pipe 34 for drying of processed raw materials. The gas is extracted at the other end of the air supply pipe 34 passing through the cold water tank 23, absorbs heat when passing through the cold water tank 23 along the air supply pipe 34, and is finally used for drying the raw materials.

[0061] The present invention also provides a biochar preparation method based on a plant fiber biochar preparation device, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1, feeding the plant fiber for preparing biochar into the carbonizing machine body 1 from the feed port of the carbonizing machine body 1, closing the carbonizing chamber and injecting inert gas;

[0063] S2, start the carbonizing machine body 1, the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonizing machine body 1 starts to burn, raising the temperature in the carbonizing chamber, and the waste gas generated during the combustion is sent to the recovery mechanism 3 to heat the liquid in the box 4;

[0064] S3, as the liquid in the box 4 continues to evaporate, the emitted steam is driven by the energy conversion mechanism 5 to drive the pump body 20 to move, and the cooling water begins to flow continuously;

[0065] S4. After the biochar is prepared, it is discharged from the discharge port of the carbonization machine body 1 and enters the screw conveyor inside the material cooling pipe 21. During the process, it absorbs heat and is quickly cooled by cooling water. Then, the finished biochar is discharged from the discharge end of the screw conveyor.

[0066] In this embodiment, when the carbonization machine body 1 starts to make carbon, the corresponding pipeline delivers fuel and oxygen to the outside of the combustion chamber of the carbonization machine body 1, wherein the air supply pipe 34 passing through the cold water tank 23 can also be preheated to make the subsequent combustion more complete, and the carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the combustion need to be discharged from the top of the combustion chamber and enter the first inner box 10 along the air inlet pipe 9. The higher the temperature requirement of the carbonization chamber of the carbonization machine body 1, the greater the demand for supplementary fuel and oxygen. The faster the exhaust gas produced during combustion flows in a fixed pipe diameter, during normal combustion, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the exhaust gas generated during combustion enters the lowermost box 4 of the recovery mechanism 3 from the exhaust hole 11 at the bottom of the first inner box 10. During the process, the heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the heat pipe 15 and the liquid in the box 4. Since the temperature of the carbonization machine body 1 during combustion usually needs to be above 400 degrees Celsius, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated during combustion can quickly heat the liquid in the box 4 to the boiling temperature, and the generated steam can drive the pump body 20 to operate through the energy conversion mechanism 5. When the carbonization temperature of the carbonization machine body 1 needs to be increased quickly, it is also understandable that the exhaust gas can impact the partition 13 due to the increase in flow rate, so that more boxes 4 can participate in the recovery of exhaust gas heat. It should be added that the fewer boxes 4 are used, The faster the boiling rate, the more the number of uses, and the higher the heat absorption rate. In the second inner box 30, when the partition 13 is lifted, the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the corresponding box 4 along the exhaust hole 11. As the partition 13 is lifted, the toothed plate 36 connected to the partition 13 can control the rotation of the gear 37, thereby retracting the movable plate 39 to expose the corresponding drainage hole 31 on the upper side. It should be noted that the telescopic multi-section partition 32 is used to seal the first inner box 10 so that the gas on this side will not flow out when the partition 13 moves. In addition, it should be noted that when the water pressure supplied by the water outlet pipe 29 remains unchanged, the fewer the unblocked drainage holes 31 are caused by the closure of the movable plate 39, the replenishment rate can be improved, making the replenishment of water in the box 4 more convenient;

[0067] In the pump body 20, the flywheel is located inside the pump body 20 and is connected to the impeller through a transmission shaft. The flywheel rotates at the tail of the pump body 20. When rotating, the impeller is driven to rotate through the transmission shaft connected to the impeller, thereby driving the water flow. It can be understood that compared with an ordinary water pump, the flywheel replaces the motor to drive the impeller to rotate. The pump body 20 drives the flowing liquid to directly flow into the material cooling pipe 21, and is discharged to the hot water tank 22 after absorbing heat. Subsequently, it is discharged from the hot water tank 22 to the recovery mechanism 3 under gravitational potential energy, or enters the cold water tank 23 after the electromagnetic drain valve 33 is opened, and finally enters the pump body 20 again during the extraction of the pump body 20.

[0068] It should be noted that if Figure 2 As shown, the exhaust holes 11 and the drain holes 31 are connected to corresponding pipes on the back of the shell 8, and the other ends of the pipes are connected to the corresponding 4 respectively.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "up", "down", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0071] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific implementation methods. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope determined by the claims submitted for the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant fiber-based biochar preparation device, comprising a carbonization machine body (1), characterized in that: The gas input end of the detection mechanism (2) is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the carbonization machine body (1), and the gas discharge end of the detection mechanism (2) is connected to the gas input end of the recovery mechanism (3), and a plurality of boxes (4) are arranged inside the recovery mechanism (3); A detection mechanism (2), wherein the detection mechanism (2) controls the number of boxes (4) into which gas is fed by detecting the gas injection amount and flow rate; A recovery mechanism (3), the recovery mechanism (3) being used to absorb heat in the waste gas discharged from the carbonization machine body (1), and an energy conversion mechanism (5) being provided on the top of the recovery mechanism (3), the energy conversion mechanism (5) being used to drive the cooling liquid of the carbonization machine body (1) to circulate; A water tank (7), wherein a purification mechanism (6) for purifying waste gas discharged from the carbonization machine body (1) is arranged inside the water tank (7), and the water tank (7) is used to store a cooling liquid for cooling materials in the carbonization machine body (1).

2. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (2) comprises a shell (8), the bottom of which is connected to an air intake pipe (9), the other end of which is connected to the exhaust gas discharge end of the carbonization machine body (1), a first inner box (10) is fixedly installed inside the shell (8), the interior of the first inner box (10) is connected to the air intake pipe (9), a plurality of vertically distributed exhaust holes (11) are arranged inside the first inner box (10), a slide rail (12) is arranged on the inner wall of the first inner box (10) on one side of the exhaust hole (11), the lower end of the slide rail (12) is slidably connected to a partition (13), the outer surface of the slide rail (12) is slidably connected to a counterweight (14) at the upper end of the partition (13), the position of the counterweight (14) matches the position of the exhaust hole (11).

3. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The boxes (4) are all equipped with heat-conducting pipes (15), float valves (16) and steam exhaust branches (17); the air inlet end of the heat-conducting pipes (15) is connected to the exhaust end of the exhaust hole (11); the number of the boxes (4) matches the number of the exhaust holes (11); a steam main pipe (18) is also fixedly installed inside the recovery mechanism (3); and the exhaust end of the steam exhaust branch pipe (17) is fixedly installed on the air inlet end of the steam main pipe (18).

4. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy conversion mechanism (5) comprises a steam engine (19), the air inlet end of the steam engine (19) is connected to the exhaust end of the steam main pipe (18), the flywheel of the steam engine (19) is located inside the pump body (20) and is connected to the impeller inside the pump body (20) through a transmission shaft, the liquid inlet end of the pump body (20) is connected to one end of the water tank (7), a material cooling pipe (21) is arranged at the lower side of the discharge port of the carbonization machine body (1), a cooling water flow layer is arranged inside the material cooling pipe (21), a screw conveyor which is closed relative to the cooling water is arranged inside the cooling water flow layer, the liquid discharge end of the pump body (20) is connected to the cooling water flow layer of the carbonization machine body (1), and the liquid output end of the cooling water flow layer is connected to one end of the water tank (7).

5. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hot water tank (22) and a cold water tank (23) are arranged inside the water tank (7) from top to bottom. The purification mechanism (6) is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the hot water tank (22). The air inlet end of the purification mechanism (6) is connected to the exhaust gas outlet end of the recovery mechanism (3). The purification mechanism (6) is provided with a first cavity (24) and a second cavity (25) that are connected. A filter grid (26) is arranged inside the first cavity (24). An adsorption solution is arranged inside the second cavity (25). The air inlet end inside the second cavity (25) extends the air outlet end under the adsorption solution through a pipeline. One end of the second cavity (25) is provided with a sewage pipe and a water supply pipe.

6. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the hot water tank (22) is provided with a liquid level sensor (27), the bottom of the inner wall of the hot water tank (22) is provided with an electromagnetic drain valve (33), the electromagnetic drain valve (33) is used to control the connection between the hot water tank (22) and the cold water tank (23), and the outer wall of the hot water tank (22) is installed with a steam inlet pipe (28) and a water outlet pipe (29), the air inlet end of the steam inlet pipe (28) is connected to the exhaust end of the steam engine (19), and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe (29) is connected to one end of the shell (8).

7. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shell (8) is also fixedly connected to a second inner box (30) on one side of the first inner box (10); the drainage end of the water outlet pipe (29) is connected to the interior of the second inner box (30); the interior of the second inner box (30) is provided with a plurality of vertical drainage holes (31) whose number matches the number of the box (4); the lower surface of the partition (13) is provided with a telescopic multi-section partition (32) at one end close to the first inner box (10); one end of the telescopic multi-section partition (32) is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the shell (8); the other end of the telescopic multi-section partition (32) is fixed to the lower surface of the partition (13); one end of the partition (13) passes through the first inner box (10) and extends to the outside of the second inner box (30) and is fixedly connected to a toothed plate (36), one end of the toothed plate (36) is meshed with a gear (37), the positions of a plurality of the gears (37) are matched with the positions of the lower sides of a plurality of drainage holes (31), the gear (37) is rotatably connected to the outer end of the second inner box (30), the end of the gear (37) close to the inside of the second inner box (30) is fixedly connected with a screw (38), one end of the screw (38) is threadedly connected with a movable plate (39), the inner wall of the second inner box (30) is fixedly connected with a baffle (40) on one side of the movable plate (39), the dimensions of the baffle (40) and the movable plate (39) are matched with the dimensions of the inner wall of the second inner box (30), and the sum of the lengths of the baffle (40) and the movable plate (39) is greater than the length of the inner wall of the second inner box (30).

8. The plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An air supply pipe (34) is provided inside the cold water tank (23), the air inlet end of the air supply pipe (34) is connected to the air pump, and the exhaust end of the air supply pipe (34) is connected to the air inlet end of the combustion chamber of the carbonization machine body (1). A water supply pipe (35) is provided on the outer wall of the cold water tank (23), and the water outlet end of the water supply pipe (35) is connected to the liquid inlet end of the pump body (20).

9. The method for preparing biochar using a plant fiber-based biochar preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, feeding plant fibers for preparing biochar into the carbonization machine body (1) from the feed inlet of the carbonization machine body (1), sealing the carbonization chamber and injecting inert gas; S2, starting the carbonization machine body (1), the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonization machine body (1) starts to burn, increasing the temperature in the carbonization chamber, and the waste gas generated during the combustion is sent to the recovery mechanism (3) to heat the liquid in the box body (4); S3, as the liquid in the box (4) continues to evaporate, the emitted steam is driven by the energy conversion mechanism (5) to drive the pump body (20) to move, and the cooling water begins to flow continuously; S4. After the biochar is prepared, it is discharged from the discharge port of the carbonization machine body (1) and enters the screw conveyor inside the material cooling pipe (21). During the process, it absorbs heat from the cooling water and is quickly cooled. Then, the finished biochar is discharged from the discharge end of the screw conveyor.

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