Small solid waste treatment system

Abstract

The invention provides a small solid waste treatment system. The small solid waste treatment system comprises an incineration device assembly, a four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, a steel flue assembly, an ash conveying device assembly, a gasification device assembly, a temperature adjusting device assembly and an air duct system. The four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly comprises a first flue, a second flue, a third flue and a fourth flue; and the first flue, the second flue, the third flue and the fourth flue are communicated end to end to form a snake-shaped flue. By adopting the snakelike design mode of the first flue, the second flue, the third flue and the fourth flue, the flue gas flowing path is prolonged, the heat exchange area is increased, and in combination with the segmented supplement mode of combustible gas generated by the gasification device, the purposes of sufficient combustion and improvement of combustion efficiency and stability are achieved; therefore, the technical effects of enhancing the heat exchange effect of the flue gas and the heated surface and reducing the phenomena of flue gas temperature fluctuation and insufficient combustion are achieved, and the technical problems of short flue gas retention time, insufficient combustion and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste disposal, and in particular to a small solid waste disposal system. Background Art

[0003] The current relatively mature large-scale grate waste incineration technology lacks furnace types with small incineration capacity (daily waste processing capacity less than 100 tons), and cannot be directly applied to small-scale waste incineration in counties. The main manifestations are: the amount of waste in counties is small and scattered, the calorific value is low, and the high-temperature flue gas of small-scale waste incineration boilers has a short residence time, which is prone to incomplete combustion and causes the flue gas environmental protection data to fail to meet the standards. If natural gas or other fuels are used for supplementary combustion, economic benefits cannot be taken into account. The flue gas channel of small-scale waste incineration boilers is small. If conventional convection heating surfaces are used, it is easy to cause ash accumulation and corrosion, resulting in unstable boiler operation; it is impossible to take into account the resource disposal of other solid wastes in the county.

[0004] In view of the relatively rich biomass resources of agricultural and forestry waste in the county, if garbage and biomass are directly mixed and burned, although the calorific value of the fuel entering the furnace is increased, due to the different fuel characteristics, the combustion temperature of biomass is relatively low and the content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals is high. Direct mixing with garbage can easily cause corrosion, contamination and slagging in the furnace. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new county-level comprehensive solid waste disposal technologies to effectively protect the environment while reducing the local fiscal burden and strive to improve the overall economic efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] A small solid waste disposal system of the present invention is used to solve related technical problems in the background technology.

[0006] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: a small solid waste disposal system, comprising: an incineration device assembly, a four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, a steel flue assembly, an ash conveying device assembly, a gasification device assembly, a temperature regulating device assembly, and an air duct system;

[0007] The incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, and the steel flue assembly are connected in sequence, and the flue gas in the incineration device assembly passes through the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and is discharged from the steel flue assembly;

[0008] The ash conveying device assembly is respectively connected with the slag discharge ports of the incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and the steel flue assembly, and is used for respectively discharging ash from the incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and the steel flue assembly;

[0009] The gasification device component uses agricultural and forestry waste biomass resources to produce combustible gas, which is supplied to the four-channel water-cooled wall flue component through the temperature control device component;

[0010] The air duct system is in communication with the incineration device assembly, the steel flue assembly, the gasification device assembly and the temperature control device assembly, and is used to supply air to the incineration device assembly, the steel flue assembly, the gasification device assembly and the temperature control device assembly;

[0011] The incineration device assembly includes: an incineration grate, a grate cooling air chamber, a slag drop well, and a slag pit; the grate cooling air chamber is arranged at the lower part of the incineration grate, the slag discharge port of the incineration grate is connected with the inlet of the slag drop well, and the outlet of the slag drop well is connected with the slag pit;

[0012] The four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly comprises: a first flue, a second flue, a third flue, a fourth flue, a first thermocouple, and a second thermocouple; the first flue, the second flue, the third flue and the fourth flue are connected end to end to form a serpentine flue; the first flue is connected to the flue gas outlet on the upper part of the incineration grate, a first thermocouple is arranged at the connection between the first flue and the second flue, and a second thermocouple is arranged at the connection between the second flue and the third flue;

[0013] The temperature regulating device assembly comprises: a first combustion device, a second combustion device, a first gas pipeline, a first electric valve, a second gas pipeline, and a second electric valve; the first combustion device and the second combustion device both have a gas port and a combustion-supporting air port; the two ends of the first gas pipeline are respectively connected to the gasification device assembly and the gas port of the first combustion device, and the first combustion device is located outside the lower part of the first flue; the two ends of the second gas pipeline are respectively connected to the gasification device assembly and the gas port of the second combustion device, and the second combustion device is arranged outside the top of the second flue; the first gas pipeline is provided with a first electric valve, and the second gas pipeline is provided with a second electric valve;

[0014] The air duct system includes: a first fan, a mixing air chamber, and a combustion-supporting air duct; the air outlet of the first fan is connected to the mixing air chamber, and the air outlet of the mixing air chamber is connected to the combustion-supporting air outlet of the first combustion device and the combustion-supporting air outlet of the second combustion device through the combustion air duct;

[0015] When the flue gas temperature at the first thermocouple is lower than 880°C, the first combustion device is opened, combustible gas and combustion-supporting air are introduced into the lower part of the first flue for combustion, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature in the first flue; when the flue gas temperature at the second thermocouple is lower than 920°C, the second combustion device is opened, combustible gas and combustion-supporting air are introduced into the top of the second flue for combustion, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature in the second flue.

[0016] In one embodiment, a superheater assembly is disposed in the third flue, and an evaporator is disposed in the fourth flue 8; the superheater assembly and the evaporator are connected to a steam drum.

[0017] In one embodiment, the superheater assembly includes: a superheater inlet header, a superheater outlet header, a superheater tube clamp, a plurality of superheater U-shaped brackets, and a plurality of superheater tube sheets; the superheater tube sheet is a U-shaped structure, and the plurality of superheater tube sheets are arranged from the inside to the outside, and the two ends thereof are respectively connected to the superheater inlet header and the superheater outlet header, and the superheater inlet header and the superheater outlet header are connected to the wall of the third flue; two superheater tube clamps form a group, and the transverse clamps are outside the superheater tube sheet; one end of the superheater U-shaped bracket is connected to the wall of the third flue, and the other end is connected to the superheater tube clamp;

[0018] Wherein, two ends of a group of superheater tube clamps are welded and fixed, and the superheater tube sheet is movably placed between the group of superheater tube clamps.

[0019] In one embodiment, the distance X between the superheater tube sheet and the third flue wall is 150-200 mm.

[0020] In one embodiment, the steel flue assembly includes: a turning flue, an air preheater, and an economizer; the inlet of the turning flue is connected to the outlet of the fourth flue, the outlet of the turning flue is connected to the flue gas inlet of the air preheater, and the flue gas outlet of the air preheater is connected to the flue gas inlet of the economizer; wherein the economizer is connected to the steam drum.

[0021] In one embodiment, the ash conveying device assembly includes: a first ash hopper, a second ash hopper, a third ash hopper, a first ash discharge valve group, a second ash discharge valve group, a first ash conveying pipe, a second ash conveying pipe, a screw conveyor, a third ash conveying pipe, and a fourth ash conveying pipe; one end of the first ash hopper is connected to the bottom of the second flue and the third flue, and the other end is connected to the slag pit through the fourth ash conveying pipe; one end of the second ash hopper is connected to the bottom of the fourth flue, and the other end is connected to the screw conveyor through the first ash conveying pipe; one end of the third ash hopper is connected to the flue gas outlet of the economizer, and the other end is connected to the screw conveyor through the second ash conveying pipe; the outlet of the screw conveyor is connected to the slag pit through the third ash conveying pipe;

[0022] Among them, a first ash discharge valve group is arranged on the first ash conveying pipe, and a second ash discharge valve group is arranged on the second ash conveying pipe; the first ash discharge valve group and the second ash discharge valve group are both composed of a manual flow gate valve and an electric double-layer gate valve, and the manual flow gate valve is above the electric double-layer gate valve.

[0023] In one embodiment, the gasification device assembly includes: a gasification chamber, a cyclone separator, a returner, and a gasification air outlet; the upper part of the gasification chamber is connected to the cyclone separator, the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the lower part of the gasification chamber, and the top outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the first gas pipeline and the second gas pipeline respectively; the gasification air outlet is arranged at the lower part of the gasification chamber.

[0024] In one embodiment, the air duct system further includes: a grate cooling air duct, a first electric air door, a bypass air duct, a second electric air door, a third electric air door, a fourth electric air door, a gasification air duct, a fifth electric air door, and a booster fan;

[0025] The first fan outlet is connected to the grate cooling air duct and the bypass air duct respectively, the grate cooling air duct is connected to the grate cooling air chamber, the grate cooling air chamber outlet is connected to the mixing air chamber, and the bypass air duct is connected to the mixing air chamber;

[0026] The mixing air chamber is communicated with the combustion-supporting air duct and the air inlet of the air preheater respectively; the air preheater is communicated with the incineration grate and the gasification air duct respectively, and the gasification air duct is communicated with the gasification air outlet;

[0027] A first electric damper is arranged on the grate cooling air duct, a second electric damper is arranged on the bypass air duct, a third electric damper for controlling the combustion-supporting air volume of the first combustion device and a fourth electric damper for controlling the combustion-supporting air volume of the second combustion device are arranged on the combustion-supporting air duct, and a fifth electric damper and a booster fan are arranged on the gasification air duct.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The small solid waste disposal system of the present invention adopts a serpentine design of the first flue, the second flue, the third flue and the fourth flue to extend the flue gas flow path, increase the heat exchange area, and combine the combustible gas generated by the gasification device with a staged supplement method to achieve the purpose of full combustion and improve combustion efficiency and stability, thereby achieving the technical effect of enhancing the heat exchange effect between the flue gas and the heating surface, reducing the flue gas temperature fluctuation and the phenomenon of incomplete combustion, and further solving the technical problems such as short flue gas residence time and incomplete combustion.

[0030] (2) The small solid waste disposal system of the present invention collects the ash generated in the flue gas channel in sections, avoiding the blockage and equipment wear problems that may be caused by the centralized treatment of ash, and improving the stability and reliability of the ash conveying system. In addition, the design of the ash hopper fully considers the difference in ash temperature, and adopts different ash discharge methods for ash at different temperatures, effectively preventing the high-temperature ash from mixing and clogging the ash conveying device, while ensuring the ash discharge efficiency of the boiler and optimizing the overall performance of the system operation.

[0031] (3) The small solid waste disposal system of the present invention utilizes agricultural and forestry waste biomass resources, generates combustible gas through a gasification device and feeds it into a waste incineration boiler for supplementary combustion, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the incinerator. The high calorific value of the combustible gas makes up for the low calorific value of county waste, prolongs the residence time of high-temperature flue gas, and thus achieves more complete combustion and reduces the generation of harmful substances. At the same time, this method avoids the problems of corrosion and slagging in the furnace caused by the direct combustion of garbage and biomass, thereby improving the operating stability of the system. In addition, by comprehensively utilizing local agricultural and forestry waste resources, not only is resource processing achieved, but also dependence on fossil fuels is reduced, thereby improving economic and environmental benefits.

[0032] (4) In the small solid waste disposal system of the present invention, the superheater tube segments and tube clamps are designed without welding, so that the superheater tube segments can expand freely in the up and down directions, avoiding structural damage caused by limited expansion. This free-retractable structure not only effectively releases the stress caused by thermal expansion, but also ensures the structural integrity and long-term stability of the superheater assembly, thereby improving the safety and reliability of boiler operation; at the same time, the horizontal guiding effect of the U-shaped bracket further stabilizes the position of the tube segments, avoiding shaking or distortion caused by free expansion, and ensuring the normal operation of the equipment and efficient heat exchange performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a small solid waste disposal system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a front view of the superheater assembly inside the third flue of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the superheater assembly of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 is a top view of a superheater assembly in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the air duct system of the present invention.

[0040] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. incineration grate; 2. grate cooling air chamber; 3. slag well; 4. slag pit; 5. first flue; 6. second flue; 7. third flue; 8. fourth flue; 9. first thermocouple; 10. second thermocouple; 11. superheater assembly; 1101. superheater inlet header; 1102. superheater outlet header; 1103. superheater pipe clamp; 1104. superheater U-shaped bracket; 1105. superheater tube sheet; 12. evaporator; 13. turning flue; 14. air preheater; 15. economizer; 16. first ash hopper; 17. second ash hopper; 18. third ash hopper; 19. first ash discharge valve group; 20. second ash discharge valve group; 21. first ash conveying pipe; 22. first The second ash conveying pipe; 23. Screw conveyor; 24. The third ash conveying pipe; 25. The fourth ash conveying pipe; 26. Steam drum; 27. Gasification chamber; 28. Cyclone separator; 29. ​​Returner; 30. Gasification air outlet; 31. The first combustion device; 32. The second combustion device; 33. The first gas pipeline; 34. The first electric valve; 35. The second gas pipeline; 36. The second electric valve; 37. The first fan; 38. The grate cooling air duct; 39. The first electric damper; 40. The mixing air chamber; 41. The bypass air duct; 42. The second electric damper; 43. The combustion-supporting air duct; 44. The third electric damper; 45. The fourth electric damper; 46. The gasification air duct; 47. The fifth electric damper; 48. The booster fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention is a small solid waste disposal system, including: an incineration device assembly, a four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, a steel flue assembly, an ash conveying device assembly, a gasification device assembly, a temperature control device assembly, and an air duct system; through reasonable arrangement and functional linkage between the components, efficient treatment of solid waste and full utilization of energy are achieved.

[0044] The incineration device assembly is responsible for incinerating solid waste, generating high-temperature flue gas and residue. The high-temperature flue gas enters the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly. The first thermocouple 9 and the second thermocouple 10 arranged inside the flue monitor the flue gas temperature. When the flue gas temperature is detected to be lower than the preset value, the combustion device in the temperature control device assembly is started to heat the flue gas by burning combustible gas to ensure that the flue gas temperature meets the subsequent processing requirements.

[0045] The gasification device component uses agricultural and forestry waste biomass resources to produce combustible gas, which is supplied to the four-channel water-cooled wall flue component through the temperature control device component for auxiliary combustion and temperature regulation. The ash conveying device component is responsible for the centralized collection and transportation of ash and slag in the incineration, flue and steel flue components to ensure the continuity and environmental protection of the system operation.

[0046] The steel flue assembly further improves the energy efficiency of the system by efficiently utilizing the waste heat of flue gas. The assembly includes an air preheater 14 and an economizer 15, which are used to preheat the combustion air and recover the heat energy into the system, significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0047] The air duct system provides combustion-supporting air and gasification air for the incineration device components, gasification device components and temperature control device components. Through the cooperation of the first fan 37 and multiple air ducts, it ensures that each component can obtain stable and controllable airflow support, thereby maintaining efficient operation.

[0048] Through the above structural design, the system of the present invention realizes the coordinated treatment of incineration and gasification, which not only improves the resource utilization efficiency of solid waste, but also significantly reduces the energy consumption and environmental pollution of the system.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment 2 is formed on the basis of embodiment 1. The incinerator assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, and the steel flue assembly are connected in sequence. The flue gas in the incinerator assembly passes through the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and is discharged from the steel flue assembly. In this embodiment, by designing the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly as a serpentine structure, the flow path of the flue gas is significantly extended, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Specifically:

[0051] In this embodiment, the incineration device assembly includes: an incineration grate 1, a grate cooling air chamber 2, a slag well 3, and a slag pit 4. The grate cooling air chamber 2 is arranged at the lower part of the incineration grate 1, the inlet of the slag well 3 is connected to the slag discharge port of the incineration grate 1, and the outlet of the slag well 3 is connected to the slag pit 4; the incineration grate 1 is used to incinerate solid waste, and the slag generated during the incineration process enters the slag well 3 through the slag discharge port and finally flows into the slag pit 4.

[0052] In this embodiment, the flue gas generated by incineration enters the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly through the flue gas outlet of the incineration grate 1; the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly includes: a first flue 5, a first thermocouple 9, a second flue 6, a second thermocouple 10, a third flue 7, and a fourth flue 8; the first flue 5, the second flue 6, the third flue 7 and the fourth flue 8 are connected end to end to form a serpentine flue, specifically: the inlet of the first flue 5 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the incineration grate 1, the outlet of the first flue 5 is connected to the inlet of the second flue 6, the outlet of the second flue 6 is connected to the inlet of the third flue 7, the outlet of the third flue 7 is connected to the fourth flue 8 The inlet is connected, and the outlet of the fourth flue 8 is connected to the inlet of the steel flue component, so that the flue gas generated by the garbage incineration can enter the first flue 5, the second flue 6, the third flue 7, the fourth flue 8 and the steel flue in sequence from the incineration grate 1; the water-cooled wall flue in the present invention adopts a four-channel design that is connected end to end to form a serpentine shape, which reduces the height of the boiler water-cooled wall, while ensuring sufficient evaporation area of ​​the boiler, and increases the flue gas travel, prolongs the flue gas residence time, and realizes sufficient combustion and flue gas emission that meets the standards; in the present invention, a first thermocouple 9 is provided at the outlet of the first flue 5, and a second thermocouple 10 is provided at the outlet of the second flue 6.

[0053] Furthermore, a superheater assembly 11 is disposed inside the third flue 7, an evaporator 12 is disposed inside the fourth flue 8, and a steam drum 26 is connected to the superheater assembly 11 and the evaporator 12; Figure 2-6As shown, the superheater assembly 11 of this embodiment includes: a superheater inlet header 1101, a superheater outlet header 1102, a superheater pipe clamp 1103, a superheater U-shaped bracket 1104, and a superheater tube sheet 1105. The superheater tube sheet 1105 is a U-shaped structure. Both ends of the superheater tube sheet 1105 are connected to the superheater inlet header 1101 and the superheater outlet header 1102 respectively. The header 1102 is connected to the wall of the third flue 7, and a plurality of superheater tube sheets 1105 are arranged from the inside to the outside; two superheater tube clamps 1103 are a group of superheater tube sheets 1105, and the two superheater tube clamps 1103 are welded at the ends, and the superheater tube clamps 1103 and the superheater tube sheets 1105 are not welded, and the superheater U-shaped bracket 1104 is arranged at the lower part of the superheater tube clamp 1103, and the superheater U-shaped bracket 1104 and the superheater tube clamp 1105 are connected. 103 is welded and connected, and the superheater U-shaped bracket 1104 is welded and connected to the water-cooled wall of the side wall of the third flue 7. In the present invention, since the thermal expansion of the superheater tube sheet 1105 is greater than the thermal expansion of the water-cooled wall tube, the superheater tube clamp 1103 and the superheater tube sheet 1105 are not welded, so that the superheater tube sheet 1105 can expand freely up and down. The superheater U-shaped bracket 1104 plays a guiding role in the horizontal direction to avoid the superheater tube sheet 1105 from twisting and deforming. The distance between the center line of the water-cooled wall of the side wall of the third flue 7 and the center line of the superheater tube sheet 1105 is 150≤X≤200mm. The flue gas channel of the waste incineration boiler of the present invention is small, and the width of the water-cooled wall flue is usually not more than 3m. The superheater screen is attached to the surface of the water-cooled wall to avoid uneven flue gas flow field between the superheater screens, while reducing flue gas scouring, reducing dust corrosion and wear, extending the service life, and improving the stability of boiler operation.

[0054] In this embodiment, the steel flue assembly includes: a turning flue 13, an air preheater 14, and an economizer 15. The inlet of the turning flue 13 is connected with the outlet of the fourth flue 8, and its outlet is connected with the flue gas inlet of the air preheater 14, which is used to preheat the air with the waste heat of the flue gas; the flue gas outlet of the air preheater 14 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the economizer 15 to further recover the flue gas heat, wherein the economizer 15 is connected with the steam drum 26.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] This embodiment 3 is formed on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, and the ash conveying device assembly is respectively connected with the slag outlet of the incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and the steel flue assembly, and is used for the incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and the steel flue assembly to discharge ash respectively. Specifically:

[0057] The ash conveying device assembly includes: a first ash hopper 16, a second ash hopper 17, a third ash hopper 18, a first ash discharge valve group 19, a second ash discharge valve group 20, a first ash conveying pipe 21, a second ash conveying pipe 22, a third ash conveying pipe 24, a fourth ash conveying pipe 25, and a screw conveyor 23. The inlet of the first ash hopper 16 is connected to the bottom of the second flue 6 and the third flue 7, the outlet of the first ash hopper 16 is connected to the inlet of the fourth ash conveying pipe 25, the outlet of the fourth ash conveying pipe 25 is connected to the middle and lower part of the slag drop pit 3, and the second ash hopper 1 The inlet of the fourth flue 7 is connected to the bottom of the fourth flue 8, the outlet of the second ash hopper 17 is connected to the inlet of the first ash conveying pipe 21, the inlet of the third ash hopper 18 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the economizer 15, the outlet of the third ash hopper 18 is connected to the inlet of the second ash conveying pipe 22, the outlet of the first ash conveying pipe 21 and the outlet of the second ash conveying pipe 22 are connected to the inlet of the screw conveyor 23, the outlet of the screw conveyor 23 is connected to the inlet of the third ash conveying pipe 24, and the outlet of the third ash conveying pipe 24 is connected to the lower part of the slag drop pit 3. Different ash discharge methods are used at the lower part of each flue according to different ash temperatures to avoid the ash at different temperatures from mixing directly and clogging the ash conveying device, facilitate the ash discharge of the device, and improve the overall ash discharge efficiency of the boiler.

[0058] Further, in the present invention, the first ash conveying pipe 21 is provided with a first ash discharge valve group 19, the second ash conveying pipe 22 is provided with a second ash discharge valve group 20, and the fourth ash conveying pipe 25 has no ash discharge valve group. In the present invention, the first ash discharge valve group 19 and the second ash discharge valve group 20 are both composed of a manual flow gate valve and an electric double-layer gate valve, and the manual flow gate valve is above the electric double-layer gate valve.

[0059] The first ash hopper 16 mainly receives the coke blocks and a large amount of high-temperature ash on the water-cooled wall surface of the second flue 6 and the third flue 7, with a temperature of 750-950°C. The second ash hopper 17 mainly receives the medium-temperature ash in the fourth flue 8, with a temperature of about 400°C. The third ash hopper 18 mainly receives the low-temperature ash in the steel flue assembly, with a temperature of about 200°C. The adhesion of the medium-temperature ash and the low-temperature ash is greatly weakened compared with the high-temperature ash. Therefore, an ash discharge valve group consisting of a manual flow gate valve and an electric double-layer gate valve is set on the first ash conveying pipe 21 and the second ash conveying pipe 22, which falls under the action of gravity, and then The medium-temperature ash and the low-temperature ash are delivered to the lower part of the slag pit 3 through the third ash conveying pipe 24 via the screw conveyor 23. Since the coke blocks are large in size and the high-temperature ash has strong adhesiveness, if an ash discharge valve group consisting of a manual flow gate valve and an electric double-layer gate valve is provided, it is very easy to cause the ash discharge valve group to be blocked, affecting the continuous and stable operation of the boiler. Therefore, there is no ash discharge valve group on the fourth ash conveying pipe 25, and the fourth ash conveying pipe 25 is directly connected to the middle and lower part of the slag pit 3 without merging with the screw conveyor 23, which can avoid the mixing of different ashes and increase the failure rate of the screw conveyor 23, thereby improving the overall ash discharge efficiency and stability of the boiler.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] This embodiment 4 is formed on the basis of embodiments 1-3, and the gasification device assembly uses agricultural and forestry waste biomass resources to produce combustible gas, and supplies it to the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly through the temperature control device assembly. Specifically:

[0062] In this embodiment, the gasification device assembly includes: a gasification chamber 27, a cyclone separator 28, a returner 29, and a gasification tuyere 30. The upper outlet of the gasification chamber 27 is connected to the inlet of the cyclone separator 28, the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator 28 is connected to the inlet of the returner 29, the outlet of the returner 29 is connected to the lower part of the gasification chamber 27, the top outlet of the cyclone separator 28 is connected to the temperature control device assembly, and the gasification tuyere 30 is arranged at the lower part of the gasification chamber 27. A solid waste disposal system of the present invention utilizes the relatively abundant agricultural and forestry waste biomass resources in the county on site, and generates combustible gas of 700-750°C through a gasification device; it realizes effective resource utilization and avoids waste of waste; at the same time, the combustible gas provided by the gasification device can be used as auxiliary fuel, enters the incineration device assembly for supplementary combustion, prolongs the residence time of high-temperature flue gas, improves combustion efficiency and stability, and improves comprehensive economic efficiency.

[0063] In this embodiment, the temperature control device assembly includes: a first gas pipeline 33, a first electric valve 34, a second gas pipeline 35, a second electric valve 36, a first combustion device 31, and a second combustion device 32. One end of the first gas pipeline 33 is connected to the gas port of the first combustion device 31, and one end of the second gas pipeline 35 is connected to the gas port of the second combustion device 32. The first combustion device 31 is arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the first flue 5, and the second combustion device 32 is arranged on the outer side of the top of the second flue 6. The first gas pipeline 33 is provided with a first electric valve 34, and the second gas pipeline 35 is provided with a second electric valve 36. The other end of the first gas pipeline 33 and the other end of the second gas pipeline 35 are simultaneously connected to the top outlet of the cyclone separator 28.

[0064] When the flue gas temperature at the first thermocouple 9 is lower than 880°C, the first combustion device 31 is opened, combustible gas and combustion-supporting air are introduced, and the combustible gas enters the lower part of the first flue 5 for combustion, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature in the first flue 5. When the flue gas temperature at the second thermocouple 10 is lower than 920°C, the second combustion device 32 is opened, combustible gas and combustion-supporting air are introduced, and the combustible gas enters the top of the second flue 6 for combustion, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature in the second flue 6. In the present invention, when the flue gas temperature at the furnace inlet is low due to the reduction of garbage quality, the combustible gas generated by the gasification device is adaptively divided into two sections and enters the water-cooled wall flue, and the furnace flue gas temperature can be increased by about 100°C through combustion, and the residence time of the high-temperature flue gas can be extended by about 1s, thereby meeting the specification requirements that the high-temperature flue gas is not lower than 850°C and the residence time in the flue exceeds 2s.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] This embodiment 5 is formed on the basis of embodiments 1-4, and the air duct system is connected with the incineration device assembly, the steel flue assembly, the gasification device assembly and the temperature control device assembly, and is used to supply air to the incineration device assembly, the steel flue assembly, the gasification device assembly and the temperature control device assembly. Specifically:

[0067] The air duct system includes: a first fan 37, a grate cooling air duct 38, a first electric damper 39, a mixing air chamber 40, a bypass air duct 41, a second electric damper 42, a combustion-supporting air duct 43, a third electric damper 44, a fourth electric damper 45, a gasification air duct 46, a fifth electric damper 47, and a booster fan 48; the inlet of the first fan 37 is directly connected to the external environment, the outlet of the first fan 37 is connected to the grate cooling air duct 38 and the bypass air duct 41 at the same time, the grate cooling air duct 38 is connected to the inlet of the grate cooling air chamber 2, the outlet of the grate cooling air chamber 2 is connected to the mixing air chamber 40, the bypass air duct 41 is connected to the mixing air chamber 40, and the outlet of the mixing air chamber 40 is connected to the combustion-supporting air duct 43 and the air preheater 1 at the same time. 4, the combustion-supporting air duct 43 is connected to the combustion-supporting air port of the first combustion device 31 and the combustion-supporting air port of the second combustion device 32 at the same time, the air outlet of the air preheater 14 is connected to the incineration grate 1 and the gasification air duct 46 at the same time, the gasification air duct 46 is connected to the gasification air port 27, the grate cooling air duct 38 is provided with a first electric damper 39, the bypass air duct 41 is provided with a second electric damper 42, the combustion-supporting air duct 43 is provided with a third electric damper 44 and a fourth electric damper 45, the third electric damper 44 controls the combustion-supporting air volume of the first combustion device 31, the fourth electric damper 45 controls the combustion-supporting air volume of the second combustion device 32, and the gasification air duct 46 is provided with a fifth electric damper 47 and a booster fan 48.

[0068] After passing through the first fan 37, the room temperature air is divided into two paths. One path directly enters the mixing air chamber 40 through the bypass air duct 41, which is cold air, and the other path enters the grate cooling air chamber 2 through the grate cooling air duct 38, is heated by the grate wall and then enters the mixing air chamber 40, which is hot air. The cold air and the hot air are mixed in the mixing air chamber 40 and then divided into two paths. One path enters the combustion-supporting air port of the first combustion device 31 and the combustion-supporting air port of the second combustion device 32 through the combustion-supporting air duct 43, and is used as combustion-supporting air for the combustion of combustible gas. The other path enters the air preheater 14 for heating. The heated high-temperature air is divided into two paths. One path enters the incineration grate 1 for the combustion of fuel waste, and the other path enters the gasification air duct 46 and is sent to the gasification air port 30 through the booster fan 48 for the gasification of agricultural and forestry waste in the gasification chamber 27. When the calorific value of the fuel waste fluctuates, the flow ratio of hot air and cold air can be adjusted by the first electric damper 39 and the second electric damper 42, and the mixed air temperature of the mixing air chamber 40 can be dynamically adjusted to meet the air inlet temperature and outlet temperature requirements of the air preheater 14, thereby achieving stable operation of the gasification chamber 27 and stable combustion of the incineration grate 1.

[0069] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present invention and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0070] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A small solid waste disposal system, characterized in that: include: Incineration device assembly, four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, steel flue assembly, ash conveying device assembly, gasification device assembly, temperature control device assembly, and air duct system; The incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly, and the steel flue assembly are connected in sequence, and the flue gas in the incineration device assembly passes through the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and is discharged from the steel flue assembly; The ash conveying device assembly is respectively connected with the slag discharge ports of the incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and the steel flue assembly, and is used for respectively discharging ash from the incineration device assembly, the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly and the steel flue assembly; The gasification device assembly utilizes agricultural and forestry waste biomass resources to produce combustible gas, and supplies the combustible gas to the four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly through the temperature control device assembly; The air duct system is in communication with the incineration device assembly, the steel flue assembly, the gasification device assembly and the temperature control device assembly, and is used to supply air to the incineration device assembly, the steel flue assembly, the gasification device assembly and the temperature control device assembly; The incineration device assembly comprises: an incineration grate (1), a grate cooling air chamber (2), a slag drop well (3), and a slag pit (4); the grate cooling air chamber (2) is arranged at the lower part of the incineration grate (1), the slag discharge port of the incineration grate (1) is connected to the inlet of the slag drop well (3), and the outlet of the slag drop well (3) is connected to the slag pit (4); The four-channel water-cooled wall flue assembly comprises: a first flue (5), a second flue (6), a third flue (7), a fourth flue (8), a first thermocouple (9), and a second thermocouple (10); the first flue (5), the second flue (6), the third flue (7), and the fourth flue (8) are connected end to end to form a serpentine flue; the first flue (5) is connected to the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the incineration grate (1), the first thermocouple (9) is arranged at the connection point between the first flue (5) and the second flue (6), and the second thermocouple (10) is arranged at the connection point between the second flue (6) and the third flue (7); The temperature control device assembly comprises: a first combustion device (31), a second combustion device (32), a first gas pipeline (33), a first electric valve (34), a second gas pipeline (35), and a second electric valve (36); the first combustion device (31) and the second combustion device (32) both have a gas port and a combustion-supporting air port; the two ends of the first gas pipeline (33) are respectively connected to the gasification device assembly and the gas port of the first combustion device (31), and the first combustion device (31) is located on the lower outer side of the first flue (5); the two ends of the second gas pipeline (35) are respectively connected to the gasification device assembly and the gas port of the second combustion device (32), and the second combustion device (32) is arranged on the top outer side of the second flue (6); the first gas pipeline (33) is provided with the first electric valve (34), and the second gas pipeline (35) is provided with the second electric valve (36); The air duct system comprises: a first fan (37), a mixing air chamber (40), and a combustion-supporting air duct (43); an air outlet of the first fan (37) is connected to the mixing air chamber (40), and an air outlet of the mixing air chamber (40) is respectively connected to the combustion-supporting air outlet of the first combustion device (31) and the combustion-supporting air outlet of the second combustion device (32) through the combustion air duct (43); When the flue gas temperature at the first thermocouple (9) is lower than 880°C, the first combustion device (31) is opened, combustible gas and combustion-supporting air are introduced, and the flue gas enters the lower part of the first flue (5) for combustion, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature in the first flue (5); when the flue gas temperature at the second thermocouple (10) is lower than 920°C, the second combustion device (32) is opened, combustible gas and combustion-supporting air are introduced, and the flue gas enters the top of the second flue (6) for combustion, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature in the second flue (6).

2. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A superheater assembly (11) is arranged in the third flue (7), and an evaporator (12) is arranged in the fourth flue 8; the superheater assembly (11) and the evaporator (12) are connected to a steam drum (26).

3. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The superheater assembly (11) comprises: a superheater inlet header (1101), a superheater outlet header (1102), a superheater tube clamp (1103), a plurality of superheater U-shaped brackets (1104), and a plurality of superheater tube sheets (1105); the superheater tube sheets (1105) are of a U-shaped structure, and the plurality of superheater tube sheets (1105) are arranged from the inside to the outside, and the two ends thereof are respectively connected to the superheater inlet header (1101) and the superheater outlet header (1102). The superheater outlet header (1102) is connected to the superheater inlet header (1101) and the superheater outlet header (1102) are connected to the wall of the third flue (7); two superheater tube clamps (1103) form a group, and the transverse clamps are outside the superheater tube sheet (1105); one end of the superheater U-shaped bracket (1104) is connected to the wall of the third flue (7), and the other end is connected to the superheater tube clamp (1103); Wherein, two ends of a group of superheater tube clamps (1103) are welded and fixed, and the superheater tube sheet (1105) is movably placed between the group of superheater tube clamps (1103).

4. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The distance X between the superheater tube sheet (1105) and the wall of the third flue (7) is 150-200 mm.

5. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The steel flue assembly comprises: a turning flue (13), an air preheater (14), and an economizer (15); the inlet of the turning flue (13) is connected to the outlet of the fourth flue (8), the outlet of the turning flue (13) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the air preheater (14), and the flue gas outlet of the air preheater (14) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the economizer (15); wherein the economizer (15) is connected to the steam drum (26).

6. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The ash conveying device assembly comprises: a first ash hopper (16), a second ash hopper (17), a third ash hopper (18), a first ash discharge valve group (19), a second ash discharge valve group (20), a first ash conveying pipe (21), a second ash conveying pipe (22), a screw conveyor (23), a third ash conveying pipe (24), and a fourth ash conveying pipe (25); one end of the first ash hopper (16) is connected to the bottom of the second flue (6) and the third flue (7), and the other end is connected to the second flue (6) and the third flue (7) through the fourth ash conveying pipe (25). The ash hopper (17) is connected to the slag pit (3); one end of the second ash hopper (17) is connected to the bottom of the fourth flue (8), and the other end is connected to the screw conveyor (23) through the first ash conveying pipe (21); one end of the third ash hopper (18) is connected to the flue gas outlet of the economizer (15), and the other end is connected to the screw conveyor (23) through the second ash conveying pipe (22); the outlet of the screw conveyor (23) is connected to the slag pit (3) through the third ash conveying pipe (24); Wherein, the first ash conveying pipe (21) is provided with a first ash discharge valve group (19), and the second ash conveying pipe (22) is provided with a second ash discharge valve group (20); the first ash discharge valve group (19) and the second ash discharge valve group (20) are both composed of a manual flow gate valve and an electric double-layer gate valve, and the manual flow gate valve is above the electric double-layer gate valve.

7. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The gasification device assembly comprises: a gasification chamber (27), a cyclone separator (28), a return device (29), and a gasification air outlet (30); the upper part of the gasification chamber (27) is connected to the cyclone separator (28), the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator (28) is connected to the lower part of the gasification chamber (27), and the top outlet of the cyclone separator (28) is respectively connected to the first gas pipeline (33) and the second gas pipeline (35); the gasification air outlet (30) is arranged at the lower part of the gasification chamber (27).

8. A small solid waste disposal system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The air duct system further comprises: a grate cooling air duct (38), a first electric air door (39), a bypass air duct (41), a second electric air door (42), a third electric air door (44), a fourth electric air door (45), a gasification air duct (46), a fifth electric air door (47), and a booster fan (48); The outlet of the first fan (37) is respectively connected to the grate cooling air duct (38) and the bypass air duct (41), the grate cooling air duct (38) is connected to the grate cooling air chamber (2), the outlet of the grate cooling air chamber (2) is connected to the mixing air chamber (40), and the bypass air duct (41) is connected to the mixing air chamber (40); The mixing air chamber (40) is respectively connected to the combustion-supporting air duct (43) and the air inlet of the air preheater (14); the air preheater (14) is respectively connected to the incineration grate (1) and the gasification air duct (46); the gasification air duct (46) is connected to the gasification air outlet (30); The first electric damper (39) is arranged on the grate cooling air duct (38), the second electric damper (42) is arranged on the bypass air duct (41), the third electric damper (44) for controlling the combustion-supporting air volume of the first combustion device (31) and the fourth electric damper (45) for controlling the combustion-supporting air volume of the second combustion device (32) are arranged on the combustion-supporting air duct (43), and the fifth electric damper (47) and the booster fan (48) are arranged on the gasification air duct (46).

Images