Skin shape detection tool and skin shape detection method

Abstract

The invention provides a skin shape detection tool and a skin shape detection method. The skin shape detection tool comprises a basic platform, a skin supporting assembly, an external force applying mechanism and a skin shape detection mechanism. The skin supporting assembly comprises a plurality of skin supporting pieces which are separated from one another and detachably installed on the foundation platform, and each skin supporting piece is provided with a supporting face consistent with the theoretical appearance of a skin. The external force applying mechanism is used for pressing the skin on the skin supporting piece; the skin shape detection mechanism is used for acquiring molded surface deviation data of the skin, and the molded surface deviation data is a deviation value between the actual shape and the theoretical shape of the skin; due to the fact that the basic platform and the skin supporting assembly are arranged in a split mode, appearance detection of different types of skins can be met only by replacing different skin supporting assemblies, and economy and flexibility of skin appearance detection are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of part shape detection, in particular to a skin shape detection tool and a skin shape detection method. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, rail transit, etc., the shape accuracy of the skin is an important factor affecting the assembly of structural parts and fluid mechanics performance. Therefore, the shape detection of the skin becomes an indispensable part of the skin acceptance.

[0003] At present, when conducting skin shape inspection, different skin shape inspection tools need to be designed and manufactured according to different types of skins, and multiple types of shape inspection tools mean higher cost investment (such as material cost, manufacturing cost, storage cost, etc.), which is not conducive to achieving the economy and versatility of skin shape inspection. In addition, the design and manufacturing process of skin shape inspection tools is complicated and time-consuming, which is not conducive to quickly responding to production needs and market changes. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a skin shape detection tooling and a skin shape detection method, which can complete the shape detection of different types of skins by simply replacing the corresponding support parts according to the type of skin, thereby improving the flexibility and economy of skin shape detection.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a skin shape detection tool, including a basic platform, a skin support assembly, an external force applying mechanism and a skin shape detection mechanism; the skin support assembly includes a plurality of skin support members separated from each other and detachably mounted on the basic platform, the skin support members having a support surface consistent with the theoretical shape of the skin; the external force applying mechanism is used to position and fit the skin on the skin support members; the skin shape detection mechanism is used to obtain the profile deviation data of the skin, the profile deviation data being the deviation value between the actual shape of the skin and the theoretical shape; since the basic platform and the skin support assembly of the present invention are separately arranged, it is only necessary to replace different skin support assemblies to meet the shape detection of different types of skins, thereby improving the economy and flexibility of skin shape detection.

[0006] Preferably, a positioning support is detachably mounted on the base platform, and the positioning support is plug-fitted with a process ear piece on the skin to ensure the placement accuracy of the skin.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of support member mounting holes are arranged in a matrix on the top of the base platform, and each support member is inserted into a corresponding support member mounting hole, thereby facilitating the disassembly, assembly and replacement of each support member.

[0008] Preferably, the external force applying mechanism includes a permanent magnet, an electromagnet and an electromagnet controller; the electromagnet and permanent magnet are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the skin, and the permanent magnet is installed on the skin support; in this way, when the electromagnet is energized, it can be converted into an opposite magnet that is attracted to the permanent magnet, and the opposite magnet moves downward under the attraction of the permanent magnet to pre-press the skin on the skin support; by controlling the current or voltage of the electromagnet, the suction force of the two can be controlled, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the external force of the skin.

[0009] Preferably, a magnet mounting groove for mounting a permanent magnet is provided on the top of the skin support member; when the permanent magnet is installed in the magnet mounting groove, the top of the permanent magnet does not protrude from the corresponding magnet mounting groove to ensure the fit between the skin and the skin support member.

[0010] Preferably, an external force detection sensor is provided at the bottom of the electromagnet, and the external force detection sensor is connected to a display screen to display the external force applied to the skin.

[0011] Preferably, the skin shape detection mechanism includes a three-dimensional scanner; the three-dimensional scanner is used to obtain the actual shape of the skin, compare the actual shape of the skin with the theoretical shape, and output the profile deviation data.

[0012] Preferably, the skin shape detection mechanism includes a laser target and a laser tracker; the laser target is inserted on the base platform and is located outside the outer contour of the skin; the laser tracker establishes a coordinate system of the skin according to the laser target, and fits the actual shape of the skin within the coordinate system, and then compares the actual shape of the skin with the theoretical shape, and outputs surface deviation data.

[0013] Preferably, a leveling column is provided at the bottom of the base platform, and the leveling operation of the base platform is achieved by adjusting the height of the leveling column.

[0014] The present invention also provides a skin shape detection method, which uses the above-mentioned skin shape detection tool to perform skin shape detection, and the detection method comprises:

[0015] S1. According to the skin to be tested, the corresponding skin support assembly is installed on the basic platform, and the permanent magnet is pre-installed on multiple skin support members in the skin support assembly;

[0016] S2, placing the skin to be inspected on the skin support assembly, and obtaining the surface deviation data of the skin in a free state through the skin shape inspection mechanism;

[0017] S3. Determine the force application position according to the profile deviation data of the skin in a free state, wherein the force application position is located on the skin at the permanent magnet; the maximum external force that can be applied at each force application position is not greater than 45N;

[0018] S4. An electromagnet is arranged on the skin at the force application position, and the current or voltage of the electromagnet is controlled to apply a preset external force to the skin at the force application position, wherein the preset external force is not higher than the maximum external force that can be applied at the force application position; the surface deviation data of the skin under the external force constraint state is obtained through a skin shape detection mechanism, and if the surface deviation data at each position of the skin is not greater than the preset deviation value, it indicates that the skin shape detection is qualified; if the surface deviation data at at least one position exceeds the preset deviation value, the preset external force at the force application position is adjusted, and the surface deviation data of the skin under the external force constraint state is re-acquired and judged until the skin shape detection is qualified or the preset external force at each force application position reaches the corresponding maximum external force; when the preset external force at each force application position reaches the corresponding maximum external force, the surface deviation data at at least one position on the skin still exceeds the preset deviation value, which indicates that the skin shape detection is unqualified.

[0019] As described above, the skin shape detection tool and skin shape detection method according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application only needs to replace the skin support member to perform shape detection on different skins, thereby improving the flexibility and economy of skin shape detection; in addition, the skin support member of the present application is processed by 3D printing, which has the advantages of low processing cost and fast processing speed, which not only further reduces the cost of skin shape detection tooling, but also can quickly realize the production and manufacturing of various types of skin shape detection tooling, so as to adapt to production needs and market changes; finally, the present application utilizes the attraction of electromagnets and permanent magnets to apply external force to the skin to press the skin against the skin support member, thereby eliminating the deformation of the skin caused by gravity or rebound, and improving the accuracy of skin shape detection; since different skins need to apply different external forces, it is only necessary to adjust the current or voltage of the electromagnet to adjust the suction force of the two, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the external force of the skin, and has the advantages of convenient and fast external force adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the skin structure involved in this application.

[0022] Figure 2 A three-dimensional image of the skin placed on the skin shape inspection fixture.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Left view of .

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A.

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B.

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the skin support assembly and positioning supports installed on the base platform.

[0027] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of the basic platform.

[0028] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the skin support.

[0029] Fig. 9 A three-dimensional diagram of a positioning support.

[0030] Fig.10 This is an exploded view of the support block and support column.

[0031] Fig.11 Exploded view of the skin supports, permanent magnets and electromagnets.

[0032] Description of Reference Numerals

[0033] Skin 01, process ear piece 011, platform foundation 1, support member mounting hole 11, leveling pillar 12, skin support member 2a, positioning support member 2b, support column 21, first plug 211, support block 22, second plug 221, permanent magnet mounting slot 222, positioning pin 223, permanent magnet 31, electromagnet 32, laser target 41, laser tracker 42. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0035] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. drawn in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and so on quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0036] It should also be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or may be indirectly connected to the other element through an intermediate element.

[0037] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0038] The skin shape detection tooling provided in this application is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes a skin support mold, an external force application mechanism and a skin shape detection mechanism.

[0039] The skin support mold includes a basic platform 1 and a skin support assembly; the skin support assembly includes a plurality of skin support members 2a which are separated from each other and detachably mounted on the basic platform 1, and each skin support member 2a has a support surface consistent with the theoretical shape of the skin 01; thus, different types of skins 01 can be supported by simply replacing the skin support members 2a on the basic platform 1;

[0040] The external force applying mechanism is used to position the skin 01 and fit it on the skin support 2a, so as to compensate for the deformation of the skin 01 caused by gravity or rebound, and ensure the accuracy of subsequent shape measurement;

[0041] The skin shape detection mechanism is used to obtain the actual shape of the skin 01, and compare the actual shape of the skin with the theoretical shape to obtain the surface deviation data of the skin.

[0042] Since the skin support mold of the present application is an assembled support mold, when it is necessary to perform shape detection on multiple types of skins 01, there is no need to replace the skin support mold as a whole. Instead, it is sufficient to replace the skin support part 2a corresponding to the theoretical shape surface, thereby effectively improving the economy and versatility of skin shape detection.

[0043] For the convenience of description, in the following embodiments, the length direction of the base platform 1 is defined as the front-to-back direction, the width direction of the base platform 1 is defined as the left-right direction, and the height direction of the base platform 1 is defined as the up-down direction; based on this, Figure 2In the figure, the x direction is the front-to-back direction, the y direction is the left-to-right direction, and the z direction is the up-down direction.

[0044] In an alternative embodiment, if Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Fig. 9 As shown, in order to ensure the placement accuracy of the cover 01, a process ear 011 can be formed on the skin 01, and a positioning support 2b that is plugged into and matched with the process ear 011 is set on the basic platform 1; wherein, a positioning hole is provided on the process ear 011, and a positioning pin 223 that cooperates with the positioning hole is provided on the positioning support 2b; the positioning support 2b and the basic platform 1 are connected in a detachable manner to facilitate positioning and supporting different cover sheets 01.

[0045] It should be noted that each support member (i.e., the skin support member 2a and the positioning support member 2b) can be fixed on the base platform 1 by various existing detachable connection methods such as plug-in or bolt connection, and there is no limitation to this. To facilitate rapid disassembly and assembly, in the present embodiment, each support member is preferably detachably installed on the base platform 1 by plug-in.

[0046] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of support member mounting holes 11 are arranged in a matrix on the top of the base platform 1 , and each support member is inserted into a corresponding support member mounting hole 11 .

[0047] It is understandable that the spacing between two adjacent support member mounting holes 11 can be determined according to actual conditions and is not limited thereto. Since the number and arrangement spacing of the skin support members 2a are related to the size and weight of the skin 01 to be supported, in order to improve the utilization rate of the basic platform 1, in this embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent support member mounting holes 11 is 300 mm.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, each support member is manufactured by 3D printing to improve processing efficiency and reduce processing costs.

[0049] It should be noted that each support member can be made of plastic such as ABS, PLA, or metal materials such as steel, aluminum, etc., without limitation. Based on cost and weight considerations, in this embodiment, each support member is made of lightweight plastic such as ABS, PLA, etc. with a certain strength.

[0050] It is understandable that the support member can be an integrated structure or assembled from a support column 21 and a support block 22 that are separately arranged (such as Figures 8 to 10 As shown), no limitation is given to this, in order to further reduce costs; in this embodiment, the support member is assembled from a support column 21 and a support block 22 which are separately arranged.

[0051] It is worth mentioning that Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, for the skin support 2a, the support block 22 in the skin support 2a needs to have a support surface consistent with the theoretical shape of the skin 01; for the positioning support 2b, the support block 22 in the positioning support 2b needs to be formed with a positioning pin 223 that is plugged into and fits with the process ear 011.

[0052] It is understandable that the support column 21 and the support block 22 can be connected and assembled by various existing detachable connection methods such as plug-in or bolt connection, and this is not limited. Fig.10 As shown, the bottom of the support column 21 is formed with a first plug 211 that cooperates with the support member mounting hole 11; the top of the support column 21 is provided with a support block mounting hole (not shown in the figure), and the bottom of the support block 22 is formed with a second plug 221 that cooperates with the support block mounting hole; in this way, the support column 21 and the support block 22 can be assembled into a support member by plugging and grounding, and then the support member can be installed on the base platform 1 by plugging and grounding.

[0053] It should be noted that the installation of the support member is directional. In order to ensure the accuracy of the installation direction of the support member, the first plug 211 and the second plug 221 need to include a directional plug portion; wherein the cross-section of the directional plug portion is in a convex shape or a semicircular shape or other shapes that can achieve insertion at a fixed azimuth angle, and there is no limitation on this; in the present embodiment, the cross-section of the directional plug portion is preferably in a convex shape.

[0054] In order to further improve the utilization rate of the support column 21, gaskets can be added or removed between the support column 21 and the base platform 1 and / or the support block 22 to adjust the height position of the top of the support member when it is installed on the base platform 1, thereby meeting the support positioning of different types of skins 01.

[0055] Of course, the support column 21 may also adopt a height-adjustable structure. Specifically, the support column 21 includes a first support column and a second support column, and a height adjustment device is provided between the first support column and the second support column to adjust the length of the entire support column 21 .

[0056] The structural forms of the height adjustment device include but are not limited to the following two:

[0057] First form:

[0058] The height adjustment device includes an external thread provided on the first support column and an internal thread provided on the second support column. The external thread cooperates with the internal thread to adjust the distance between the first support column and the second support column to adjust the length of the support column 21 .

[0059] Second form:

[0060] The height adjustment device includes a latch, a first support column is inserted into a second support column, and the first support column is provided with a plurality of first adjustment holes from top to bottom, and the second support column is provided with a second adjustment hole that cooperates with the first adjustment hole; the latch passes through the second adjustment hole and cooperates with different first adjustment holes to adjust the length of the entire support column 21.

[0061] In the above-mentioned skin shape inspection tooling, leveling pillars 12 are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the base platform 1. The height of the leveling pillars 12 is adjustable to ensure the horizontality of the top of the base platform 1 when it is placed. Since the leveling pillars 12 are existing technologies, their alignment will not be described in detail.

[0062] In the above-mentioned skin shape detection tooling, the external force applying mechanism can be a suction cup mechanism or a pressure mechanism, which is not limited; in this embodiment, the external force applying mechanism is a pressure mechanism, and its structure is as follows Figure 2 and Fig.11 As shown, it includes a permanent magnet 31, an electromagnet 32 ​​and an electromagnet controller, wherein the electromagnet controller is used to control the on and off of the electromagnet 32 ​​and can adjust the current or voltage; wherein the electromagnet 32 ​​and the permanent magnet 31 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the skin 01, and the permanent magnet 31 is installed on the skin support 2a; in this way, when the electromagnet 32 ​​is energized, the electromagnet 32 ​​can be converted into an opposite magnet that is attracted to the permanent magnet 31, and the opposite magnet moves downward under the attraction of the permanent magnet 31 to pre-press the skin 01 on the skin support 2a; by controlling the current or voltage of the electromagnet 32, the suction force of the two can be controlled, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the external force of the skin 01.

[0063] Specifically, Fig.11 As shown, a magnet mounting groove 222 for mounting a permanent magnet 31 is provided at the top of the skin support 2a; when the permanent magnet 31 is installed in the magnet mounting groove 222, the top of the permanent magnet 31 does not protrude from the corresponding magnet mounting groove 222 to avoid affecting the fit between the skin 01 and the skin support 2a.

[0064] Furthermore, an external force detection sensor is provided at the bottom of the electromagnet 32, and the external force detection sensor is connected to a display screen to display the external force applied to the skin 01, so as to facilitate the user to accurately control the value of the applied external force.

[0065] In the above-mentioned skin shape detection tooling, the skin shape detection mechanism preferably adopts a digital shape detection mechanism, which can automatically obtain the actual shape of the skin 01, compare the actual shape of the skin 01 with the theoretical shape, and output the surface deviation value.

[0066] The structural forms of the skin shape detection mechanism include but are not limited to the following two:

[0067] The first structural form:

[0068] The skin shape detection mechanism includes a three-dimensional scanner, which is a blue light scanner or a laser scanner; the three-dimensional scanner can scan the positioned skin 01 to obtain the shape patch information of the skin 01, and fit the actual shape of the skin 01 according to the obtained shape patch information; compare the actual shape of the skin 01 with the theoretical shape, and output the surface deviation data.

[0069] The second structural form:

[0070] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the skin shape detection mechanism includes a laser target 41 and a laser tracker 42; wherein, the laser target 41 is inserted on the base platform 1 and is located outside the outer contour of the skin 01; the laser tracker 42 establishes a coordinate system of the skin 01 according to the laser target 41, and obtains the shape point cloud data of the skin 01 in the coordinate system; then, the shape point cloud data is fitted in the coordinate system to obtain the actual shape of the skin 01; then, the actual shape of the skin 01 is compared with the theoretical shape, and the surface deviation data is output.

[0071] The present invention also provides a method for detecting skin shape, which uses the above-mentioned skin shape detection tooling for detection, and the detection method comprises:

[0072] S1. According to the skin 01 to be tested, the corresponding skin support assembly is installed on the base platform 1, and the permanent magnet 31 is pre-installed on the multiple skin support members 2a in the skin support assembly;

[0073] The number and position of the pre-installed permanent magnets 31 can be determined based on past experience. Of course, a permanent magnet 31 can also be pre-installed on each skin support 2a to avoid the subsequent application of external force due to inaccurate pre-installed positions of the permanent magnets 31.

[0074] S2, placing the skin 01 to be inspected on the skin support assembly, and obtaining the surface deviation data of the skin 01 in a free state through the skin shape inspection mechanism;

[0075] S3. Determine the force application position according to the surface deviation data of the skin 01 in the free state. The force application position needs to be located on the skin 01 above the permanent magnet 31. The maximum external force that can be applied at each force application position is not greater than 45N.

[0076] The force application position is preferably selected from the position with the largest surface deviation on the skin 01. The specific setting position and the number of settings can be determined based on experience. The maximum external force that can be applied at each force application position is not more than 45N and is related to the arrangement spacing between each force application position. Specifically, when each force application position is arranged in a matrix and the arrangement spacing C is not less than 300mm, the maximum external force F at each force application position is max is 45N; when the force application positions are arranged in a matrix and the arrangement spacing C is less than 300mm, the maximum external force F at each force application position max (Unit: N) and the arrangement spacing C (Unit: mm) of each force application position meet: F max =0.15×C.

[0077] Of course, when the force applying positions are not arranged in a matrix, the distance between two adjacent force applying positions that are farthest apart may be used as the arrangement spacing to calculate the maximum external force value that can be applied by each force applying position.

[0078] S4. An electromagnet 32 ​​is arranged on the skin 01 at the force application position, and the current or voltage of the electromagnet 32 ​​is controlled to apply a preset external force to the skin at the force application position, wherein the preset external force is not higher than the maximum external force that can be applied at the force application position; the surface deviation data of the skin 01 under the external force constraint state is obtained through the skin shape detection mechanism, and if the surface deviation data at each position of the skin 01 are not greater than the preset deviation value, it indicates that the shape detection of the skin 01 is qualified; if the surface deviation data at at least one position exceeds the preset deviation value, the preset external force at the force application position is adjusted, and the surface deviation data of the skin 01 under the external force constraint state is re-acquired and judged until the shape detection of the skin 01 is qualified or the preset external force at each force application position reaches the corresponding maximum external force; when the preset external force at each force application position reaches the corresponding maximum external force, the surface deviation data at at least one position on the skin 01 still exceeds the preset deviation value, which indicates that the shape detection of the skin 01 is unqualified.

[0079] It can be understood that the preset deviation value is an allowable tolerance, which is related to the quality requirements of the skin 01. In this embodiment, the preset deviation value is 0.75 mm.

[0080] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0081] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A skin shape detection tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a basic platform (1), a skin support assembly, an external force applying mechanism and a skin shape detecting mechanism; the skin support assembly comprises a plurality of skin supporting members (2a) which are separated from each other and detachably mounted on the basic platform (1), the skin supporting members (2a) having a supporting surface which is consistent with the theoretical shape of the skin (01); the external force applying mechanism is used to position the skin (01) and fit it on the skin supporting members (2a); the skin shape detecting mechanism is used to obtain the profile deviation data of the skin (01), the profile deviation data being the deviation value between the actual shape of the skin and the theoretical shape.

2. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning support (2b) is detachably mounted on the base platform (1), and the positioning support (2b) is plug-fitted with a process ear piece (011) on the skin (01).

3. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A plurality of support member installation holes (11) are arranged in a matrix on the top of the base platform (1), and each support member is inserted into a corresponding support member installation hole (11).

4. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external force applying mechanism comprises a permanent magnet (31), an electromagnet (32) and an electromagnet controller; the electromagnet (32) and the permanent magnet (31) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the skin (01), and the permanent magnet (31) is installed on the skin support (2a).

5. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A magnet mounting groove (222) for mounting a permanent magnet (31) is provided at the top of the skin support member (2a); when the permanent magnet (31) is mounted in the magnet mounting groove (222), the top of the permanent magnet (31) does not protrude from the corresponding magnet mounting groove (222).

6. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: An external force detection sensor is provided at the bottom of the electromagnet (32), and the external force detection sensor is connected to the display screen.

7. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skin shape detection mechanism includes a three-dimensional scanner; the three-dimensional scanner is used to obtain the actual shape of the skin, compare the actual shape of the skin with the theoretical shape, and output the profile deviation data.

8. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skin shape detection mechanism comprises a laser target (41) and a laser tracker (42); the laser target (41) is inserted on the base platform (1) and is located outside the outer contour of the skin (01); the laser tracker (42) establishes a coordinate system of the skin (01) according to the laser target (41), and obtains the actual shape of the skin (01) by fitting in the coordinate system, then compares the actual shape of the skin (01) with the theoretical shape, and outputs profile deviation data.

9. The skin shape detection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A leveling support (12) is provided at the bottom of the basic platform (1).

10. A method for detecting skin shape, characterized in that: The skin shape detection tool as claimed in claim 6 is used for detection, and the detection method comprises: S1. According to the skin (01) to be tested, a corresponding skin support assembly is installed on a base platform (1), and a permanent magnet (31) is pre-installed on a plurality of skin support members (2a) in the skin support assembly; S2, placing the skin (01) to be inspected on the skin support assembly, and obtaining the profile deviation data of the skin (01) in a free state through the skin shape inspection mechanism; S3. Determine a force application position according to the profile deviation data of the skin (01) in a free state, wherein the force application position is located on the skin (01) at the permanent magnet (31); the maximum external force that can be applied at each force application position is not greater than 45N; S4. Arrange an electromagnet (32) on the skin (01) at the force application position, and control the current or voltage of the electromagnet (32) to apply a preset external force to the skin at the force application position, wherein the preset external force is not higher than the maximum external force that can be applied at the force application position; obtain the profile deviation data of the skin (01) under the external force constraint state through a skin shape detection mechanism, and if the profile deviation data at each position of the skin (01) is not greater than the preset deviation value, it indicates that the skin (01) has passed the shape detection; if the profile deviation data at at least one position exceeds the preset deviation value, adjust the preset external force at the force application position, and re-acquire and judge the profile deviation data of the skin (01) under the external force constraint state until the skin (01) passes the shape detection or the preset external force at each force application position reaches the corresponding maximum external force; when the preset external force at each force application position reaches the corresponding maximum external force, the profile deviation data at at least one position on the skin (01) still exceeds the preset deviation value, indicating that the skin (01) has failed the shape detection.

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