The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and in particular relates to a high-flexibility and low-shrinkage fiber reinforced cement-based composite material. The composite material is prepared by mixing cement, coal ash, silicon powder, gypsum, an expanding agent, a water reducing agent, a shrinkage reducing agent, a defoaming agent, a thickening agent, fine sand, fibers and water, wherein the total mass percentage of the cement, the coal ash, the silicon powder, the gypsum, the expanding agent, the water reducing agent, the shrinkage reducing agent, the defoaming agent, the thickening agent, the fine sand and the fibers is 77-85 percent, and the mass percentage of the water is 15-23 percent. The fiber reinforced cement-based composite material has the performance characteristics of low shrinkage, high flexibility, small crack width, quickness in condensation and early strength and is high in compressive strength and good in synergism with other materials.