Bolt detection system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of detection, and provides a bolt detection system and method. The bolt detection system comprises a detection module which is used for detecting a bolt matching surface gap and generating gap data, and the detection module is also used for detecting the thickness of a paint film and generating paint film thickness data; and the processing module is electrically connected with the detection module and is used for judging the tightness degree of the bolt based on the gap data and the paint film thickness data. According to the bolt detection system, the tightness state of the bolt can be evaluated more comprehensively and accurately, and the risk of misjudgment and missed judgment is reduced; the maintenance period is shortened; the maintenance cost is reduced; the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved; therefore, accurate and rapid detection of the tightness state of the bolt is realized, and powerful support is provided for safe operation and efficient maintenance of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of detection and provides a bolt detection system and method. Background Art

[0002] At present, my country's urban rail transit vehicles mainly rely on bolt connections to complete the mechanical fastening and electrical connection of thousands of vehicle components in terms of operational safety and operation and maintenance. Bolt connections are widely used in high-strength connections of bogie axle boxes and brake devices, high-load connections of undercar equipment hanging parts, assembly connections of interior parts, and functional connections of electrical cables. Bolt connections have become an indispensable connection method in rail vehicles due to their high strength, impact resistance, and the ability to ensure stable signal transmission of electrical equipment. However, with the increase in train speed levels and increasingly stringent load conditions, the requirements for vehicle strength, precision, fatigue resistance, and lightweight indicators are becoming higher and higher. In this case, the loosening and fracture failure of bolt connections have become a key factor in safety hazards. The detection of bolt connections has become an important prevention and control target in the "eight prevention" system of rail vehicle safety, which is related to the stability and reliability of vehicle safe operation.

[0003] There are two main ways to detect the tightness of bolted connections in existing rail transit vehicles: one is the torque verification method, which evaluates the state of the bolted connection by measuring the static torque (i.e., detection torque), but this method often leads to over-torque in the bolted connection, which can easily damage the bolts, and the unevenness or inclination of the mating surface cannot be detected during the detection process. The second is the axial force detection method, which relies on measuring the changes in the axial force of the bolted connection for more accurate analysis and detection, but this method is often affected by multiple factors such as vibration shock, material creep or structural deformation, resulting in low detection accuracy and slow response speed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a bolt detection system to solve the defects of low accuracy and low efficiency in bolt tightening detection in the related art.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a bolt detection method.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a bolt detection system, comprising: A detection module, used to detect the bolt mating surface gap and generate gap data, and the detection module is also used to detect the paint film thickness and generate paint film thickness data; The processing module is electrically connected to the detection module and is used to determine the tightness of the bolt based on the gap data and the paint film thickness data.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection module includes: A light wave emitting unit, the light wave emitting unit is used to emit light waves to the bolt mating surface; The light wave receiving unit is electrically connected to the light wave transmitting unit, and is used to receive the light wave emitted by the light wave transmitting unit and generate the gap data.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display module is further included. The display module is electrically connected to the light wave receiving unit, and the display module is used to display the waveform data of the light wave.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light wave emitting unit includes a first light wave emitting element and a second light wave emitting element, the first light wave emitting element is used to emit a first light wave to one of the bolt mating surfaces, the second light wave emitting element is used to emit a second light wave to the other of the bolt mating surfaces, and the light wave receiving unit is electrically connected to the first light wave emitting element and the second light wave emitting element, respectively.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a database module, which is used to store standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data. The processing module is electrically connected to the database module, and the processing module is used to determine the tightness of the bolt based on the standard gap data and the standard paint film thickness data in the database module.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a bolt detection method of the bolt detection system as described above, comprising: Detect the clearance data of bolt mating surface clearance and the paint film thickness data of paint film thickness; Determine the tightness of the bolts based on the gap data and paint film thickness data.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting the clearance data of the bolt mating surface clearance includes: Sending light waves to the bolt mating surface; The gap data is generated based on interference fringes of the light waves.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of emitting light waves to the bolt mating surface includes: Light waves are emitted to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface respectively; The step of generating the gap data based on the interference fringes of the light wave comprises: The gap data is generated based on the number of circular rings whose centers are indented or protruded from the interference fringes of the light waves.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: Based on the waveform of the light wave, waveform data of the light wave is generated.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the actual clearance of the bolts satisfies: d=d1-d2, Wherein, d is the actual clearance of the bolt mating surface, in millimeters, d1=12Nλ, d1 is the detection clearance of the bolt mating surface, in millimeters, N is the number of circular rings that are indented or protruding from the center of the interference fringes, λ is the wavelength of the light wave, in millimeters, and d2 is the paint film thickness, in millimeters.

[0016] According to the bolt detection system provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, by combining gap detection and paint film thickness detection, the present invention can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the tightness of the bolts and reduce the risk of misjudgment and missed judgment. Timely bolt tightness detection helps to prevent equipment failures and safety accidents caused by loose bolts, and ensure the safety of personnel and property. The automated detection system can provide bolt tightness status information in real time or near real time, so that maintenance personnel can quickly locate problem bolts and take corresponding measures, thereby shortening the maintenance cycle and reducing maintenance costs. The intelligent algorithm of the processing module enables the system to continuously learn and optimize the judgment model, improve detection efficiency and accuracy, and also provide possibilities for intelligent management of equipment. The bolt detection system realizes accurate and rapid detection of the tightness of the bolts, providing strong support for the safe operation and efficient maintenance of the equipment.

[0017] According to the bolt detection method provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, by simultaneously detecting the gap data and paint film thickness data of the bolt mating surface, and making a comprehensive judgment based on these data, the tightness of the bolt can be more accurately evaluated, reducing the possibility of misjudgment. The method can adapt to the bolt detection requirements under different materials, sizes and working environments, because the standard data in the database module can be adjusted and optimized according to actual conditions. The method uses advanced light wave measurement technology and data processing algorithms to quickly complete the detection of the tightness of the bolt and improve the detection efficiency. All data generated during the detection process can be recorded and stored, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis and fault tracing. The method can be combined with a remote monitoring system to realize remote monitoring and diagnosis of the tightness of the bolt, and provide support for remote maintenance of the equipment. The bolt detection method realizes efficient, accurate and reliable bolt detection by comprehensively detecting the gap data and paint film thickness data of the bolt mating surface, and judging the tightness of the bolt based on these data, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the bolt detection system provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of the bolt detection method provided by the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 100, detection module; 102, processing module; 104, light wave transmitting unit; 106, light wave receiving unit; 108, display module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a first aspect of the present invention provides a bolt detection system, comprising: The detection module 100 is used to detect the gap between the bolt mating surfaces and generate gap data. The detection module 100 is also used to detect the paint film thickness and generate paint film thickness data; The processing module 102 is electrically connected to the detection module 100 and is used to determine the tightness of the bolt based on the gap data and the paint film thickness data.

[0024] According to the bolt detection system provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, by combining gap detection and paint film thickness detection, the present invention can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the tightness of the bolts and reduce the risk of misjudgment and missed judgment. Timely bolt tightness detection helps to prevent equipment failures and safety accidents caused by loose bolts, and ensure the safety of personnel and property. The automated detection system can provide bolt tightness information in real time or near real time, so that maintenance personnel can quickly locate problem bolts and take corresponding measures, thereby shortening the maintenance cycle and reducing maintenance costs. The intelligent algorithm of the processing module 102 enables the system to continuously learn and optimize the judgment model, improve detection efficiency and accuracy, and also provide possibilities for intelligent management of equipment. The bolt detection system realizes accurate and rapid detection of the tightness of the bolts, providing strong support for the safe operation and efficient maintenance of the equipment.

[0025] Please continue to see Figure 1The bolt detection system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention aims to accurately determine the tightness of the bolts in an automated manner, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of equipment maintenance. The system mainly includes two modules: a detection module 100 and a processing module 102.

[0026] The detection module 100 is equipped with a high-precision sensor that can measure the gap between the bolt and its mating surface (such as a nut or a mounting hole wall) in a non-contact or contact manner. This gap usually reflects the deformation or looseness of the bolt after tightening. The data collected by the sensor will be converted into gap data in real time for subsequent analysis.

[0027] In addition to gap detection, the detection module 100 also has a paint film thickness detection function. This function measures the thickness of the coating on the surface of the bolt or surrounding parts through specific measurement technology (such as ultrasound, laser or electromagnetic induction). Changes in paint film thickness can sometimes indirectly reflect the looseness of the bolt, especially when the looseness causes the coating to crack or peel off.

[0028] The processing module 102 is electrically connected to the detection module 100 and is responsible for receiving and processing the gap data and paint film thickness data from the detection module 100. The processing module 102 has built-in advanced algorithms that can perform comprehensive analysis based on the input data to determine the tightness of the bolts.

[0029] First, the processing module 102 pre-processes the received data, including data cleaning, denoising and standardization, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0030] Secondly, the processing module 102 extracts key features from the gap data and the paint film thickness data, and these features can reflect the changing trend of the tightness of the bolt.

[0031] Again, based on the extracted features, the processing module 102 uses machine learning or deep learning models to predict and classify, and finally outputs a result of the tightness of the bolt. This result can be qualitative (such as "tight", "loose") or quantitative (such as a specific looseness index).

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection module 100 includes: A light wave emitting unit 104, the light wave emitting unit 104 is used to emit light waves to the bolt mating surface; The light wave receiving unit 106 is electrically connected to the light wave transmitting unit 104 , and is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the light wave transmitting unit 104 and generating gap data.

[0033] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the detection module 100 is further refined to include a light wave transmitting unit 104 and a light wave receiving unit 106 , and these two units work together to achieve accurate measurement of the clearance between the bolt mating surfaces.

[0034] The light wave transmitting unit 104 is one of the core components of the detection module 100, which is responsible for transmitting light waves to the bolt and its mating surface (such as a nut or a mounting hole wall). These light waves can be visible light, infrared light, laser, etc., and the specific selection depends on the measurement requirements and environmental conditions. The light wave transmitting unit 104 usually has adjustable power and frequency so as to be optimized according to the bolt material, surface condition and measurement distance.

[0035] The light wave receiving unit 106 is electrically connected to the light wave transmitting unit 104 and is responsible for receiving the light waves reflected from the bolt mating surface. These reflected light waves carry important information about the gap between the bolt mating surfaces. The light wave receiving unit 106 is usually equipped with a photoelectric converter to convert the received light signal into an electrical signal and further process it to generate gap data. The gap data can be expressed as the propagation time, phase difference, intensity change, etc. of the light wave, and these parameters are directly related to the gap size between the bolt mating surfaces.

[0036] Therefore, the working principle of the bolt detection system can be summarized as follows: Light wave emission: The light wave emission unit 104 emits one or more light waves toward the bolt mating surface.

[0037] Light wave reflection: The light wave is reflected on the bolt mating surface, and part of the light wave is captured by the receiving unit.

[0038] Signal processing: The light wave receiving unit 106 converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal and generates gap data through a built-in algorithm.

[0039] Data transmission: The gap data is transmitted to the processing module 102 for subsequent tightness determination.

[0040] Light wave measurement technology has the characteristics of non-contact, high precision and high sensitivity, and can accurately measure the tiny gaps of bolt mating surfaces and improve detection accuracy. The light wave transmitting unit 104 and the receiving unit can be adjusted according to different materials, surface conditions and measurement distances, so that the detection system can adapt to a variety of application scenarios. Light wave measurement technology has a fast response speed and can provide gap data in real time or near real time, providing timely input information for the processing module 102. Light wave measurement technology is not affected by external factors such as ambient light and temperature, and has high measurement stability and reliability. The light wave transmitting unit 104 and the receiving unit are small in size and easy to integrate with other sensors and electronic devices to form an integrated bolt detection system.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a display module 108 is further included. The display module 108 is electrically connected to the light wave receiving unit 106 and is used to display the waveform data of the light wave.

[0042] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the light wave transmitting unit 104, the light wave receiving unit 106 and the processing module 102, a display module 108 is also included. This module is electrically connected to the light wave receiving unit 106 and is used to display the waveform data of the light wave in real time, thereby providing intuitive visual feedback to the user.

[0043] The display module 108 receives the waveform data of the light wave from the light wave receiving unit 106 through an electrical connection. These data include key parameters such as the intensity, frequency, and phase of the light wave, and their changes over time form a waveform diagram.

[0044] After receiving the waveform data, the display module 108 needs to perform certain data processing, such as data smoothing, filtering, and amplification, so as to more clearly display the waveform characteristics.

[0045] The processed waveform data is converted into a visual waveform graph and displayed on the screen of the display module 108. The user can evaluate the clearance condition of the bolt mating surface by observing the changes in the waveform graph.

[0046] In addition to waveform display, the display module 108 also has interactive functions, such as zooming in / out the waveform, scrolling to view historical data, setting threshold alarms, etc., so that users can analyze and process data more flexibly.

[0047] The light wave transmitting unit 104 transmits light waves to the bolt mating surface, and the light wave receiving unit 106 receives the reflected light waves and generates waveform data.

[0048] The waveform data is transmitted to the display module 108 and is ready for display after certain data processing.

[0049] The processed waveform data is displayed on the screen of the display module 108 in the form of a waveform graph, and the user can perform further analysis and processing through the interactive function.

[0050] By displaying the waveform data of the light wave in real time on the display module 108, the user can intuitively observe the changing trend and characteristics of the light wave, thereby more easily judging the clearance condition of the bolt mating surface. The visual display of the waveform data allows the user to locate and analyze the problem more quickly, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis of the tightness of the bolt. The interactive function of the display module 108 allows the user to operate and analyze the data more flexibly, such as zooming in / out the waveform, scrolling to view historical data, etc., thereby improving the ease of use of the system. The display module 108 can also record the historical changes of the waveform data, providing an important basis for subsequent data analysis and fault tracing.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light wave emitting unit 104 includes a first light wave emitting element and a second light wave emitting element, the first light wave emitting element is used to emit a first light wave to one of the bolt mating surfaces, the second light wave emitting element is used to emit a second light wave to the other of the bolt mating surfaces, and the light wave receiving unit 106 is electrically connected to the first light wave emitting element and the second light wave emitting element, respectively.

[0052] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the light wave emitting unit 104 is further refined to include a first light wave emitting element and a second light wave emitting element, and the two emitting elements are respectively used to emit light waves to different positions in the bolt mating surface to achieve more comprehensive gap measurement.

[0053] The first light wave emitting element is a part of the light wave emitting unit 104, which is responsible for emitting a first light wave to a specific position in the bolt mating surface. This light wave can be visible light, infrared light or laser, etc., and the specific selection depends on the measurement requirements and environmental conditions. The first light wave emitting element has precise beam directivity and adjustable emission power to ensure that the light wave can accurately irradiate the target area of ​​the bolt mating surface.

[0054] Similar to the first light wave emitting element, the second light wave emitting element is also an important component of the light wave emitting unit 104. It is responsible for emitting the second light wave to another position in the bolt mating surface. This position can be a position opposite to the first light wave emitting element, or it can be other key areas on the bolt mating surface. By emitting the first light wave and the second light wave simultaneously or alternately, the system can obtain more comprehensive gap data, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0055] The light wave receiving unit 106 is electrically connected to the first light wave transmitting element and the second light wave transmitting element respectively, and is used to receive the light waves emitted by them and generate corresponding gap data. The light wave receiving unit 106 is equipped with a photoelectric converter and a highly sensitive signal processing circuit inside, which can convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and further process it to generate gap data that can be used for subsequent analysis.

[0056] The first light wave emitting element and the second light wave emitting element respectively emit the first light wave and the second light wave to different positions of the bolt mating surface.

[0057] The light waves are reflected on the bolt mating surface, and part of the light waves are captured by the light wave receiving unit 106 and converted into electrical signals.

[0058] The light wave receiving unit 106 processes the received electrical signal to generate gap data, and transmits the data to the processing module 102 for further analysis and judgment.

[0059] Through the coordinated work of the first light wave emitter and the second light wave emitter, the system can obtain more comprehensive bolt mating surface clearance data, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. The first light wave emitter and the second light wave emitter can be adjusted and optimized according to factors such as the shape, size and material of the bolt mating surface to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Simultaneously or alternately emitting the first light wave and the second light wave can shorten the measurement time and improve the detection efficiency, so that the system can provide users with the judgment results of the tightness of the bolt more quickly. By obtaining more comprehensive clearance data, the system can more effectively identify and analyze abnormal conditions of the bolt mating surface, thereby reducing the risk of misjudgment.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a database module, which is used to store standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data. The processing module 102 is electrically connected to the database module, and the processing module 102 is used to determine the tightness of the bolt based on the standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data in the database module.

[0061] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises a database module, which is used to store standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data. These standard data provide a reference for the processing module 102 to judge the tightness of the bolt.

[0062] The database module contains a large amount of standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data. These data come from experimental measurements, historical data records or industry standards. They represent the range of standard gaps and paint film thicknesses on bolt mating surfaces under different conditions (such as bolt material, size, tightening torque, etc.).

[0063] The database module has a data update function, which can continuously update and improve standard data as new data is acquired and experimental results are verified to ensure its accuracy and applicability.

[0064] The processing module 102 communicates with the database module through an electrical connection, and can conveniently access and query required standard data.

[0065] When the processing module 102 receives the gap data and the paint film thickness data from the detection module 100 , it will first access the database module to retrieve the corresponding standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data.

[0066] The processing module 102 compares and analyzes the detected actual data with the standard data, and evaluates the tightness of the bolt by calculating the deviation, ratio or other statistical indicators.

[0067] Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the processing module 102 will output a determination result of the tightness of the bolt, such as "tightened", "slightly loose", "severely loose", etc.

[0068] By introducing the database module, the system can make judgments based on standard data, avoiding misjudgments caused by experience or intuitive feelings alone, and improving the accuracy and reliability of judgments. The standard data in the database module can be adjusted and optimized according to different bolt types, materials and working environments, so that the system can adapt to a wider range of application scenarios. The rapid interaction between the processing module 102 and the database module enables the system to quickly complete data comparison and analysis, thereby shortening the detection time and improving detection efficiency. The database module not only provides standard data support for the processing module 102, but also realizes centralized storage and management of data, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis and fault tracing. With the continuous addition of new data and the verification of experimental results, the standard data in the database module can be continuously updated and improved, so that the judgment ability and accuracy of the system can be continuously improved.

[0069] A second aspect of the present invention provides a bolt detection method of the bolt detection system as described above, comprising: Step 10, detecting the gap data of the bolt mating surface gap and the paint film thickness data of the paint film thickness; Step 20, judging the tightness of the bolt based on the gap data and the paint film thickness data.

[0070] According to the bolt detection method provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, by simultaneously detecting the gap data and paint film thickness data of the bolt mating surface, and making a comprehensive judgment based on these data, the tightness of the bolt can be more accurately evaluated, reducing the possibility of misjudgment. The method can adapt to the bolt detection requirements under different materials, sizes and working environments, because the standard data in the database module can be adjusted and optimized according to actual conditions. The method uses advanced light wave measurement technology and data processing algorithms to quickly complete the detection of the tightness of the bolt and improve the detection efficiency. All data generated during the detection process can be recorded and stored, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis and fault tracing. The method can be combined with a remote monitoring system to realize remote monitoring and diagnosis of the tightness of the bolt, and provide support for remote maintenance of the equipment. The bolt detection method realizes efficient, accurate and reliable bolt detection by comprehensively detecting the gap data and paint film thickness data of the bolt mating surface, and judging the tightness of the bolt based on these data, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the equipment.

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides a bolt detection method, which is based on the functions and characteristics of the above bolt detection system embodiment, and the specific steps are as follows: Clearance data for detecting the clearance between bolt mating surfaces: The light wave emitting unit 104 (including a first light wave emitting element and a second light wave emitting element) in the bolt detection system is used to emit light waves to the bolt mating surface.

[0072] The light wave receiving unit 106 receives the reflected light wave and generates gap data including the gap information of the bolt mating surfaces.

[0073] The gap data includes the reflection time, phase difference, intensity change, etc. of the light wave, which are directly related to the gap size of the bolt mating surface.

[0074] Paint film thickness data for testing paint film thickness: In some cases, there is a thin film of paint on the bolt mating surface, which will affect the accuracy of the clearance data.

[0075] Therefore, while detecting the gap data, specific detection methods (such as ultrasonic measurement, laser measurement, etc.) can also be used to measure the thickness of the paint film.

[0076] These paint film thickness data will be used in the subsequent judgment of the tightness of the bolts to eliminate the influence of the paint film on the gap data.

[0077] Determine the tightness of the bolts based on the gap data and paint film thickness data: The detected gap data and paint film thickness data are input into the processing module 102 .

[0078] The processing module 102 first retrieves the corresponding standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data from the database module.

[0079] Then, the processing module 102 compares and analyzes the actually detected data with the standard data, and evaluates the tightness of the bolt by calculating the deviation, ratio or other statistical indicators.

[0080] Finally, the processing module 102 will output a determination result of the tightness of the bolt, such as "tightened", "slightly loose", "severely loose", etc.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting the clearance data of the bolt mating surface clearance includes: Sending light waves to the bolt mating surface; The gap data is generated based on the interference fringes of the light waves.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for detecting gap data of bolt mating surface gap is provided. The core of the method is to use the interference principle of light waves to accurately measure the tiny gap between bolt mating surfaces. The specific steps are as follows: Send light waves to the bolt mating surface: Use a specific light source (such as laser, LED, etc.) to emit light waves to the mating surface of the bolt. The selection and configuration of the light source should ensure that the light waves can be evenly and stably irradiated to the mating surface to be tested to form clear interference fringes.

[0083] When emitting light waves, the illumination effect of the light waves can be optimized by adjusting the intensity and angle of the light source, as well as using optical elements (such as lenses, reflectors, etc.).

[0084] Generate gap data based on interference fringes of light waves: When light waves hit the bolt mating surfaces, due to the tiny gaps between the mating surfaces, the light waves interfere at these gaps to form interference fringes.

[0085] By performing image processing or signal analysis on the captured interference fringes, data related to the gap can be extracted, such as the width, depth, and distribution of the gap.

[0086] These clearance data can be used to evaluate the quality, tightness and reliability of the bolt mating surface, as well as to guide subsequent assembly, adjustment or maintenance work.

[0087] The method for detecting the gap data of the bolt mating surface gap provided by the present invention utilizes the interference principle of light waves to achieve high-precision measurement of the bolt mating surface gap. This method is more accurate and reliable than traditional mechanical measurement or visual inspection, and can detect slight gap changes. The method adopts a non-contact measurement method, avoiding problems such as wear, scratches or pollution caused by traditional mechanical measurement. At the same time, non-contact measurement also improves the safety and convenience of measurement. By capturing and analyzing the image or signal of the interference fringes in real time, real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of the bolt mating surface gap can be achieved. This helps to discover potential problems in a timely manner and take corresponding measures to ensure the normal operation and safety of the equipment. The method is suitable for gap detection of bolt mating surfaces of various types and specifications, and has high versatility and flexibility. At the same time, it can also be combined with other detection technologies and equipment to form a more complete detection system.

[0088] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of emitting light waves to the bolt mating surface includes: Light waves are emitted to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface respectively; The steps of generating gap data based on interference fringes of light waves include: The gap data is generated based on the number of circles that are indented or protruded from the center of the interference fringes of the light waves.

[0089] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a more specific method of emitting light waves to the bolt mating surface and generating gap data based on interference fringes is provided. The method not only considers the emission mode of light waves on the bolt mating surface, but also describes in detail how to generate gap data based on the characteristics of interference fringes.

[0090] Light waves are emitted to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface. This can be achieved by adjusting the position, angle and focus of the light source. Ensure that the light waves can be evenly and stably irradiated to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface. The frequency, wavelength and intensity of the light waves should be selected according to the specific measurement requirements and the bolt material.

[0091] When light waves are irradiated to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface, due to the tiny gaps between the planes, the light waves will interfere at these gaps to form interference fringes. These fringes appear as light and dark rings or stripes. Then, the captured interference fringes are processed by image processing or signal analysis.

[0092] Number of indented or protruding rings at the center: In interference fringes, especially when the interference fringes appear as rings, the size of the gap can be inferred by observing whether the center of the ring is indented or protruding, and the number of rings. Generally speaking, the number of rings is proportional to the width of the gap, and the center position of the ring (indented or protruding) can provide additional information about the direction of the gap.

[0093] In addition to the number of rings, the diameter of the rings or the spacing between adjacent rings can be measured to further quantify the size of the gap. These measurements can be obtained using image processing software or dedicated measurement tools.

[0094] The generated gap data is recorded and can be output to the operator through a display, printer or network interface or stored in a database.

[0095] By adopting the method provided by the present invention of emitting light waves to the bolt mating surface and generating gap data based on interference fringes, by emitting light waves to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface respectively, and observing the number of circular rings and the center position of the interference fringes, three-dimensional measurement of the gap of the bolt mating surface can be achieved, providing more comprehensive gap information. Utilizing the interference principle, high-precision measurement of tiny gaps can be achieved. The measurement accuracy of this method is generally better than traditional mechanical measurement or visual inspection methods. The method adopts a non-contact measurement method, which avoids problems such as wear, scratches or contamination that may be caused by traditional mechanical measurement, and also improves the safety and convenience of measurement. By capturing and analyzing the image or signal of the interference fringes in real time, real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of the gap of the bolt mating surface can be achieved, which helps to discover potential problems in a timely manner and take corresponding measures.

[0096] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: Based on the waveform of the light wave, waveform data of the light wave is generated.

[0097] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned method of generating gap data based on interference fringes, a new technical means is introduced: generating waveform data based on the waveform of light waves. This step is parallel to or supplemented by the interference fringes analysis, aiming to provide more comprehensive and multi-dimensional bolt mating surface gap information.

[0098] While emitting light waves to the bolt mating surface, a highly sensitive photodetector or similar device is used to receive the reflected light waves. The photodetector converts the received light waves into electrical signals, which contain the waveform information of the light waves.

[0099] Use a data acquisition system (such as an oscilloscope, data acquisition card, etc.) to collect and record the electrical signal output by the photodetector. The collected data should contain sufficient time resolution and amplitude resolution to ensure that the waveform characteristics of the light wave can be accurately reflected.

[0100] The collected waveform data is processed and analyzed to extract characteristic parameters related to the bolt mating surface clearance. These characteristic parameters may include the amplitude, frequency, phase, period, etc. of the waveform, as well as the trend of the waveform changing over time.

[0101] Based on the results of waveform data analysis, waveform data containing light wave waveform characteristic information is generated. The waveform data can be stored in digital form or converted into graphical representations (such as waveform graphs, spectrum graphs, etc.) for intuitive understanding by operators.

[0102] Waveform data and interference fringe data can complement each other and provide a basis for the measurement and evaluation of bolt mating surface gaps. For example, waveform data can reflect the phase change of light waves during the reflection process of bolt mating surfaces, while interference fringe data focuses more on the width and distribution of gaps. By comprehensively analyzing these two types of data, a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation of bolt mating surface gaps can be achieved.

[0103] By adopting the method for generating waveform data based on the waveform of light waves provided by the present invention, by simultaneously collecting and analyzing the interference fringes and waveform data of the light waves, multi-dimensional information of the gap between the bolt mating surfaces can be obtained, including the width, depth, distribution of the gap, and the phase change of the light wave during the reflection process. The waveform data provides more detailed information about the light wave during the reflection process, which helps to more accurately evaluate the gap condition of the bolt mating surface. Combined with the interference fringe data, the accuracy and reliability of the measurement can be further improved. The analysis of waveform data is not limited by the morphology of interference fringes, and can adapt to the measurement requirements of bolt mating surfaces of different materials, shapes and gap sizes. By monitoring the changes in waveform data in real time, abnormal changes in the gap between the bolt mating surfaces can be discovered in a timely manner, providing early warning for the maintenance and maintenance of the equipment.

[0104] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the actual clearance of the bolts satisfies: d=d1-d2, Wherein, d is the actual clearance of the bolt mating surface, in millimeters, d1=12Nλ, d1 is the detection clearance of the bolt mating surface, in millimeters, N is the number of circular rings that are indented or protruding from the center of the interference fringes, λ is the wavelength of the light wave, in millimeters, and d2 is the paint film thickness, in millimeters.

[0105] According to one embodiment of the present invention, we provide a method for accurately measuring the actual gap of bolt mating surfaces. The method is based on the observation of interference fringes and the measurement of paint film thickness, and calculates the actual gap of the bolt through a specific mathematical formula.

[0106] Interference fringe observation: Use a light wave of a specific wavelength (such as a laser) to illuminate the bolt mating surface. Record the number of circular rings N that are indented or protruding from the center of the interference fringes. According to the interference principle, there is a proportional relationship between the number of circular rings of the interference fringes and the wavelength λ of the light wave, which can be used to calculate the detection gap d1 of the bolt mating surface. Specifically, d1=12Nλ (the coefficient 12 here may be adjusted according to the specific form of the interference fringes and the characteristics of the measuring equipment).

[0107] Use an ultrasonic thickness gauge, laser thickness gauge or other suitable measuring tool to measure the paint film thickness d2 on the bolt mating surface. Ensure that the contact between the measuring tool and the bolt mating surface is uniform and stable during the measurement process to obtain an accurate paint film thickness value.

[0108] Based on the above observations and measurement results, the actual gap d of the bolt mating surface is calculated using the formula d=d1-d2.

[0109] Wherein, d is the actual gap, d1 is the detection gap, and d2 is the paint film thickness, all in millimeters (mm).

[0110] By adopting the method for measuring the actual gap of the bolt mating surface provided by the present invention, the high-precision measurement of the actual gap of the bolt mating surface can be achieved through the combination of interference fringe observation and paint film thickness measurement. The method has the characteristics of wide measurement range and high measurement accuracy, and is suitable for bolts of different specifications and materials. The method adopts non-contact interference fringe observation and paint film thickness measurement, and will not cause any damage to the bolts and their mating surfaces. This makes the method have broad application prospects in online monitoring and fault diagnosis of bolts. By real-time observation of interference fringes and measurement of paint film thickness, real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of the actual gap of the bolt mating surface can be achieved. This helps to timely discover potential problems such as bolt loosening, and take corresponding maintenance measures to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. The method is suitable for judging the tightness of bolts under different working environments and conditions. Accurate measurement can be achieved only according to specific bolt specifications and measurement requirements.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bolt detection system, characterized in that: include: A detection module (100) is used to detect the gap between bolt mating surfaces and generate gap data, and the detection module (100) is also used to detect the thickness of a paint film and generate the paint film thickness data; A processing module (102) is electrically connected to the detection module (100) and is used to determine the tightness of the bolt based on the gap data and the paint film thickness data.

2. The bolt detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module (100) comprises: A light wave emitting unit (104), the light wave emitting unit (104) being used to emit light waves towards a bolt mating surface; A light wave receiving unit (106) is electrically connected to the light wave transmitting unit (104), and is used to receive the light wave emitted by the light wave transmitting unit (104) and generate the gap data.

3. The bolt detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also comprises a display module (108), the display module (108) being electrically connected to the light wave receiving unit (106), and the display module (108) being used to display waveform data of the light wave.

4. The bolt detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light wave emitting unit (104) comprises a first light wave emitting element and a second light wave emitting element, wherein the first light wave emitting element is used to emit a first light wave to one of the bolt mating surfaces, and the second light wave emitting element is used to emit a second light wave to the other of the bolt mating surfaces, and the light wave receiving unit (106) is electrically connected to the first light wave emitting element and the second light wave emitting element, respectively.

5. The bolt detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a database module, which is used to store standard gap data and standard paint film thickness data. The processing module (102) is electrically connected to the database module, and the processing module (102) is used to determine the tightness of the bolt based on the standard gap data and the standard paint film thickness data in the database module.

6. A bolt detection method of a bolt detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Detect the clearance data of bolt mating surface clearance and the paint film thickness data of paint film thickness; Determine the tightness of the bolts based on the gap data and paint film thickness data.

7. The bolt detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of detecting the clearance data of the bolt mating surface clearance comprises: Sending light waves to the bolt mating surface; The gap data is generated based on interference fringes of the light waves.

8. The bolt detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of emitting light waves to the bolt mating surface comprises: Light waves are emitted to the upper and lower planes of the bolt mating surface respectively; The step of generating the gap data based on the interference fringes of the light wave comprises: The gap data is generated based on the number of circular rings whose centers are indented or protruded from the interference fringes of the light waves.

9. The bolt detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Based on the waveform of the light wave, waveform data of the light wave is generated.

10. The bolt detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The actual clearance of the bolts meets: d=d1-d2, Wherein, d is the actual clearance of the bolt mating surface, in millimeters, d1=12Nλ, d1 is the detection clearance of the bolt mating surface, in millimeters, N is the number of circular rings that are indented or protruding from the center of the interference fringes, λ is the wavelength of the light wave, in millimeters, and d2 is the paint film thickness, in millimeters.

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