Bridge three-dimensional informatization construction safety simulation method, system, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a bridge three-dimensional informatization construction safety simulation method, system and device and a medium, and belongs to the field of construction monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: collecting environment data of a target bridge, and building a bridge terrain model; and performing BIM simulation on the construction work area of the target bridge based on the bridge terrain model, and establishing a bridge construction model. BIM simulation modeling is conducted on the target bridge body, a bridge model is obtained, and risk source grades are divided according to different construction scenes. And integrating the bridge construction model and the bridge model, and combining a risk source in the construction process to obtain a bridge accident safety model. The bridge accident safety model and the VR virtual equipment are combined to improve the experience sense of construction workers and the cognition and prevention awareness of dangerous sources, so that the possibility of construction accidents is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of construction monitoring, and specifically relates to a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method, system, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of my country's informatization process and the continuous improvement of engineering quality requirements, the cross-technology derived from information science and traditional engineering disciplines has become a research hotspot. The development of various modeling, simulation and other technologies has played a strong role in promoting the informatization and digitalization of traditional engineering. Compared with ground projects such as roadbeds and tunnels, the construction environment during bridge construction is more complex, and there are various unpredictable risk factors on site. The large-scale machinery and equipment involved in the bridge construction process and the inevitable high-altitude operations increase the danger of engineering construction. In the process of bridge construction, which is difficult to manage and has a high construction risk factor, the application of new generation information technology to improve the construction safety management level of the project is an urgent need for the development of today's bridge engineering industry.

[0003] Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an efficient engineering data management and analysis tool. BIM technology is mostly used to realize the information management of the construction process and the visual monitoring of the stress and strain of the building structure during the engineering construction stage. The existing technology of using BIM technology to model construction safety lacks the simulation of the actual site and the physical behavior of the construction workers, which makes it difficult to leave an impression on the workers and the safety education has little effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the limitation problem of bridge construction safety model, the present invention provides a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method, system, equipment and medium.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] Acquire environmental data of the target bridge construction, and output a bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling; perform BIM simulation modeling on the construction area of ​​the target bridge based on the bridge environmental model, and output a bridge construction model;

[0008] Perform BIM simulation modeling on the target bridge body to obtain a bridge model; analyze the risk sources that appear in different scenarios during the bridge construction process, and divide the bridge construction risk level by determining the risk possibility L value, risk exposure degree E value, risk impact degree C value and dangerousness D value of the risk source as risk evaluation indicators;

[0009] Integrate the bridge construction model, bridge model and risk source to establish a safety model for bridge accidents;

[0010] The bridge accident safety model is combined with VR virtual equipment to realize bridge construction safety simulation interaction; wherein, a handle controller is used to interact with objects in the virtual environment, and the VR equipment is connected using the Unity VR interface, and accident scenarios of different bridge construction risk levels are simulated based on the bridge accident safety model.

[0011] Preferably, the step of acquiring the environmental data of the target bridge, outputting the bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling, specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] Use the Infraworks model generator to obtain digital terrain models and satellite images related to the target bridge construction site from the cloud, and integrate the road, railway, building and river elements in the OpenStreetMap dataset into the GIS environment as the environmental data of the target bridge;

[0013] Importing the terrain data in the environmental data into Civil3D, decomposing the terrain blocks and storing them as CAD terrain files;

[0014] Insert the CAD terrain file into the Revit software, and use the three-dimensional contour data as an import instance to create an irregular triangulated network terrain surface as a bridge terrain model file.

[0015] Preferably, the construction area of ​​the target bridge is subjected to BIM simulation modeling, and the bridge construction area is specifically divided into: project department, beam storage area, beam manufacturing area, material storage area, reinforced concrete processing area, living area and transportation channel, and different areas are modeled and integrated through Revit software.

[0016] Preferably, the bridge construction model includes an upper bridge model and a lower bridge model, and establishing the bridge construction model specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] According to the structural drawing of the target bridge, create the inner and outer contours of the component model connected by key nodes;

[0018] The inner and outer contours of the component model are stretched or lofted to create a solid model and a hollow model and combine them to perform modeling;

[0019] Select and input corresponding parameters to complete the creation of the bridge component model, and load the bridge component model file into the Revit project;

[0020] Read the bridge centerline information and adjust the component model posture, and use Revit API to realize automatic assembly of the bridge model.

[0021] Preferably, the BIM model built using Revit is integrated with various models built in Unity to build a complete safety simulation environment, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Get the component information in the Revit document, associate it with the component using the component's Element ID as the index, store it in the model database, and adjust the Revit model format to FBX format;

[0023] Use 3DMax to process the Revit model after the format adjustment and convert the units;

[0024] Use the Mesh Filter and Mesh Renderer components in Unicode to carry model mesh data and render the model.

[0025] Preferably, the accident scenario simulation using Unity VR and based on the bridge accident safety model specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] Obtain the experiencer's behavior information by tracking the status of the action;

[0027] The virtual object mounts the UI components Interactable and Throwable to realize the interaction between itself and the handle controller. Through the collision between the handle model in the virtual scene and the UI element, the target UI element is operated in a contact interaction mode.

[0028] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation system, which specifically includes:

[0029] The first model module is used to obtain environmental data of the target bridge construction, and output a bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling; based on the bridge terrain model, BIM simulation modeling is performed on the construction area of ​​the target bridge to output a bridge construction model.

[0030] The second model module is used to perform BIM simulation modeling on the target bridge body to obtain a bridge model; analyze the risk sources that appear in different scenarios during the bridge construction process, and divide the bridge construction risk level by determining the risk possibility L value, risk exposure degree E value, risk impact degree C value and dangerousness D value of the risk source as risk evaluation indicators;

[0031] The third model module is used to integrate the bridge construction model, bridge model and risk source to establish a safety model for bridge accidents;

[0032] The virtual module is used to combine the bridge accident safety model with the VR virtual device to realize bridge construction safety simulation interaction; wherein, a handle controller is used to interact with objects in the virtual environment, and the VR device is connected using the Unity VR interface to simulate accident scenarios of different bridge construction risk levels based on the bridge accident safety model.

[0033] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps described in the three-dimensional information-based construction safety simulation method for a bridge.

[0034] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is loaded by a processor, the steps described in the three-dimensional information-based construction safety simulation method for a bridge can be executed.

[0035] The three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention is based on the environmental model and ontology model of the target bridge, combined with the risk sources of different scenarios during the bridge construction process to establish a bridge accident safety model, and classify the risk sources of different scenarios to provide support for accident safety simulation. The bridge accident safety model is integrated with virtual VR equipment, and the actual on-site workers who simulate the current target bridge construction simulate the accident scene according to their own entity behavior, which can obtain an immersive experience and achieve the purpose of deepening education. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiment of the present invention and its design scheme, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for this embodiment. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention provides a simulation flow chart of a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the information processing method for model integration in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a construction area model in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the operation interface for creating a beam cross section in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the operation interface for creating a bridge pier in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main operation interface of a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of mechanical damage during the simulation process of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of an electric shock accident during the simulation process of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Fig. 9 This is a flow chart of beam segment modeling in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.10 It is a flow chart of construction information integration in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Fig.11 This is a special effect diagram of "being hurt" after a falling accident in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Fig.12 This is a flow chart for implementing the model information query function in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention and implement it, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example

[0052] The present invention provides a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0053] S1. Construct a bridge terrain model. Using the coordinate system, the Infraworks model generator is used to obtain digital terrain models and high-definition satellite images from the cloud, and the road, railway, building and river elements in the OpenStreetMap dataset are integrated into the GIS environment as the environmental data of the target bridge.

[0054] Export the terrain in Infraworks in .IMX format and import it into Civil3D, decompose the terrain blocks and store them as CAD terrain files in .DWG format.

[0055] Insert the CAD terrain file in Revit, and use its 3D contour data as an import instance to create an irregular triangulated terrain surface, forming an RVT terrain surface with high applicability. Export it as a 3D model file in .FBX format, which can be integrated into platforms such as Lumion and Unity3D as a basic model for carrying other models.

[0056] S2. Establishment of bridge construction area. The bridge construction area is an indispensable part of railway construction, which provides necessary services and guarantees for bridge engineering. According to the functional positioning, the bridge construction area is divided into 7 areas: project department, beam storage area, beam manufacturing area, material storage area, reinforced concrete processing area, living area and transportation channel. According to the work area plan layout and the plane position and parameters of each function, the models in each functional area are modeled separately using Revit software.

[0057] After the modeling of each functional area is completed, the layout of the work area is designed according to the work area plan, and the models of each functional area are integrated into a complete construction work area model, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0058] S3. Establish a bridge construction model, including an upper bridge model and a lower bridge model.

[0059] S31. The beam segment model is the main component of the bridge superstructure. When modeling the beam segment based on Revit API, the stretching or lofting fusion method should be used for modeling, depending on whether the cross-section of the beam segment model changes and whether it belongs to a curved beam bridge.

[0060] The beam segment model is created by stretching or lofting the beam segment cross section, so creating the beam segment cross section family file is the key to generating the beam segment model. Fig. 9 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0061] (1) Based on the cross-sectional structural diagram of the beam segment in the engineering example, key nodes such as the end points of the straight section of the beam segment, the end points of the structural slope section, and the positioning points of the inner and outer contours are extracted.

[0062] (2) Create the beam structure profile in the adaptive metric conventional model template file through Revit API. According to the box beam cross-section diagram, a total of 34 parameters, including a0~a10, b1~b5, c0~c10, d1~d3, n, n1, n2, and L, are used to achieve refined control of the internal and external contour dimensions of the beam segment and rapid creation of the beam segment cross-section family file. The methods in the API that need to be used in the process of creating the beam segment profile include the following steps:

[0063] Create a key node, XYZ point = new XYZ (double x, double y, double z); where x, y, and z correspond to the x, y, and z coordinates of the key node of the beam segment profile, respectively.

[0064] Create a basic geometric plane for the working plane where the beam segment outline is located, Plane geomPlane = Plane.CreateByNormalAndOrigin (XYZ normal, XYZ origin); where normal is the normal vector of the geometric plane, and origin is the origin of the geometric plane.

[0065] Create a working plane where the beam segment outline is located, SketchPlane sketchPlane = SketchPlane.Create (Document document, Plane plane); where document is the file for which this working plane will be created, and plane is the basic geometric plane of the working plane.

[0066] Create the basic line segment of the beam segment model line, Line line = Line.CreateBound(XYZ endpoint1, XYZ endpoint2); where endpoint1 and endpoint2 are the starting point and end point of the line segment.

[0067] Create the beam segment contour model line, ModelCurve modelCurve = document.FamilyCreate.NewModelCurve(Curve geometryCurve, SketchPlane sketchPlane).

[0068] (3) Use model lines to connect key nodes in sequence to reconstruct the beam segment contour.

[0069] After the inner and outer contour families of the beam segment are created, the model creation method in the Revit API is used to generate the beam segment solid model. There are two methods for creating beam segment models in the Revit API: stretching and lofting fusion. When creating the model, an appropriate method is used to model the beam segment according to its characteristics.

[0070] (1) The stretching method in Revit API is used to model the bridge beam segment with unchanged contour and located in the straight line segment.

[0071] (2) The lofting fusion method in Revit API is used to create variable-section beam segments and curved bridge segments.

[0072] S32. Bridge piers are the main components of the bridge substructure and play an important role in supporting the bridge span structure. The creation method of piers is basically the same as that of bridge superstructure models.

[0073] Create a reference plane based on Revit API, and create a component model outline connected by points on the reference plane.

[0074] Solid models and hollow models are created and combined by stretching or lofting fusion methods to achieve modeling of pier caps, pier bodies, abutments and pile foundations.

[0075] The bridge pier family can complete the creation of the beam segment profile family by selecting the bridge pier type and entering the corresponding parameter values ​​in the form. The bridge substructure parametric rapid construction program interface, such as Figure 5 After running the program, select the bridge pier type and fill in the data, then click "Generate Model" to generate various types of bridge piers.

[0076] S33. The bridge project contains a large number of components. Program development can well cope with such highly repetitive and high-precision work. The implementation steps are as follows:

[0077] (1) Load the family file or profile family file of the component in the engineering project into the Revit project.

[0078] (2) Read the component coordinate information in the construction management database and drive the family instance of the railway model to be automatically created at the correct coordinates.

[0079] (3) Complete posture adjustment based on its position.

[0080] (4) Add ElementId as model identification data to the database.

[0081] S34. The specific steps for using Revit API to realize automatic assembly of bridge models are as follows:

[0082] (1) Use the LoadFamilySymbo method to load the structure family file or profile family file into the document.

[0083] (2) Connect to the construction management database, read the structural data of the structure and the spatial coordinate information of each independent component required for the automatic splicing of the model, and store the bridge information list in the memory.

[0084] (3) Use the LoadFamilySymbol method to load the bridge component family file into the document, read the component space coordinate information in the bridge coordinate database, and use the NewFamilyInstance method to create a bridge component family instance based on the model space coordinates.

[0085] (4) Since the top center is used as the origin when modeling bridge components, the elevation of the top surface of the generated pier model is 0. Based on this feature, the difference between the elevation of the center line of the line and the beam height at the model positioning point is calculated. Then, the MoveElement (Document document, ElementId elementToMove, XYZ translation) method is used to translate the pier model to the junction with the beam segment. The Rotate method is used to rotate the family instance model according to its line position.

[0086] (5) Store ElementId in the database. Obtain the ElementId of the model element through its ID attribute, and use SQL commands to add it to the database as the identification information of the model.

[0087] (6) Using the three-dimensional rectangular bounding box of the model and the spatial position binding relationship between models, the spatial position information of the model is reviewed.

[0088] Finally, the automatic assembly of the bridge model is completed.

[0089] S4. In order to achieve a higher level of architectural visualization and interactive experience, it is necessary to integrate the BIM model built with Revit with various models built in Unity to build a complete and safe simulation environment and achieve a more realistic and vivid architectural experience. Use Revit as the BIM model platform and Unity as the environment platform to integrate the Revit model in the Unity environment. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0090] 1. Use C# language to perform secondary development in Revit software to obtain all components in the current Revit document:

[0091] (1) Traverse each component and obtain its properties, such as category, family and model name, and various parameters, and associate it with the component using the component's Element ID as the index and store it in the model database built on SQL Server.

[0092] (2) Get the Material object of the element through the GetMaterial method. Material contains information about the material properties of the element, and you can use the various properties and methods of Material to access and extract this information. After the information is extracted, it is named in the format of "[component name][element ID]" to facilitate adding materials to components in subsequent work.

[0093] 2. Use the FBXExportOptions class provided in the Revit API to export the Revit model to FBX format.

[0094] 3. After exporting, the model is processed in 3ds Max. In 3ds Max, the ProOptimizer tool is used to customize the settings according to the requirements of the model to achieve the best simplification effect. The optimization results obtained for different optimization levels are shown in Table 1. The models with different optimization levels are analyzed and compared, and the model optimization effect is taken into account while maintaining the model quality in line with the simulation requirements of the project. Finally, the model with 80% optimization level is adopted.

[0095] Table 1 Effects of different optimization levels of the model

[0096] Optimization level Number of vertices Number of sides File size / KB 0％ 6201692 7519649 896300 10％ 5601359 6767673 344152 20％ 5106818 6015707 309028 40％ 4134068 4511778 239164 60％ 2759647 3007848 159876 80％ 1621350 1503920 86128 90％ 941467 751954 46656

[0097] 4. For components with more complex structures, use 3ds Max's UVW mapping modification tool to expand the model's UV coordinates to achieve a more beautiful mapping effect.

[0098] 5. Convert the FBX model processed by 3ds Max into units before importing it into Unicode.

[0099] 6. After importing the model, you need to use the Mesh Filter and Mesh Renderer groups in Unity to carry the model mesh data and render the model. The Mesh Filter component is used to carry the model's mesh data. By assigning the model's mesh data to the Mesh property, you can render the model's 3D mesh in Unity.

[0100] 7. Use the Mesh Renderer component to render the 3D mesh.

[0101] (1) Assign the material to the Materials property of the Mesh Renderer to render the model's material.

[0102] (2) Read the information in the model database, associate the identification information in the database with the 3D model according to the Element ID, and display the engineering attribute information of the Revit model in Unity.

[0103] S5. Identification and risk assessment of bridge construction risks.

[0104] Identification of potential risk sources. Bridge construction is a complex project involving multiple types of work and equipment, and there are many potential risk sources. In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the construction process, these risk sources need to be identified and evaluated in order to formulate corresponding risk management measures and provide a basis for subsequent safety simulation. According to factors such as the impact, possibility, and frequency of occurrence of the identified risk sources, each risk source is evaluated to determine its risk level. By classifying the risk sources, corresponding management measures can be formulated according to their levels, and high-level risk sources can be given priority. This can help risk managers with limited resources allocate resources more effectively and minimize the occurrence of risks and losses.

[0105] 1. Evaluation Method

[0106] The operating condition hazard assessment method is a commonly used method for evaluating operating hazards, which can be used to identify and evaluate the risks and dangers brought by operating conditions. In operations, L value, E value, C value, and D value are usually hazard assessment indicators. These indicators are usually used to quantitatively assess the severity of risk events in order to compare and rank different risk events. The specific meanings are as follows:

[0107] (1) L value

[0108] The L value (Likel ihood) indicates the possibility or probability of a risk event occurring, usually described by numbers or words, such as low, medium, high, etc.

[0109] The possibility of an accident or dangerous event is related to its actual probability of occurrence. If expressed in terms of probability, the probability of an event that is absolutely impossible to occur is 0, while the probability of an event that is bound to occur is 1. However, when examining the danger of a system, it is not accurate to say that an accident is absolutely impossible to occur, that is, the probability of 0 is not accurate. Therefore, the situation that is actually impossible to occur is used as the reference point for "scoring", and its score value is determined to be 0.1.

[0110] (2) E value

[0111] The E value (Exposure) indicates the degree of exposure of personnel, equipment, environment, etc. when a risk event occurs, usually described by numbers or words, such as none, slight, moderate, high, etc.

[0112] The more times and the longer the workers are exposed to dangerous working conditions, the greater the possibility of being harmed. It is stipulated that the exposure frequency score for continuous exposure to potentially dangerous environments is 10, and the exposure frequency score for very rare exposure that occurs only a few times a year is 1. With 10 and 1 as reference points, the interval is divided according to the exposure situation in potentially dangerous working conditions, and the score is determined accordingly. For example, exposure once a month is scored as 2, and exposure once a week or occasionally is scored as 3. Of course, the score for no exposure at all should be 0, but this situation does not actually exist and is meaningless.

[0113] (3) C value

[0114] The C value (Consequence) indicates the degree of impact on personnel, equipment, environment, etc. after a risk event occurs, and is usually described by numbers or words, such as no impact, slight impact, moderate impact, major impact, etc.

[0115] The personal injury or material loss caused by an accident or dangerous incident can vary over a wide range. For industrial accidents, it can range from minor injuries to many deaths. Therefore, the possible result of a minor injury requiring first aid is set at 1 as a reference point, and the possible result of causing many deaths is set at 100 as another reference point. Between the two reference points 1-100, the corresponding intermediate values ​​are inserted.

[0116] (4) D value

[0117] The D value (Detectability) indicates whether a risk event is easy to detect before it occurs, and is usually described by numbers or words, such as easy, difficult, extremely difficult, etc. The scores of the three potentially dangerous working conditions mentioned above are determined, and the dangerousness score is calculated according to the formula D = L × E × C. Based on this, when determining the degree of danger, it is evaluated according to the following standards.

[0118] Environments with a hazard score below 20 are considered low-risk and generally acceptable. When the hazard score is between 20 and 70, attention should be paid. When the hazard score is between 70 and 160, there is an obvious danger and measures should be taken to correct it. Similarly, according to experience, when the hazard score is between 160 and 320, the working conditions are highly dangerous and measures must be taken immediately to correct it. When the hazard score is above 320, it means that the working conditions are extremely dangerous and the work should be stopped immediately until the working conditions are improved.

[0119] 2. Operation hazard assessment

[0120] Use the operating condition hazard assessment method to evaluate the potential risk sources of bridge construction, determine the L value, E value, C value and D value according to the actual situation, calculate according to the formula D = L × E × C, and obtain the hazard score, thereby determining the risk level of the risk source. S6. Build a virtual environment integrating BIM and VR.

[0121] The Revit model integration method of Unity1. environment can inherit the ElementId of the unique identity of the Revit model into the Unity model in the form of a component of the Unity model name.

[0122] (1) Establish a model matching mechanism based on ElementId between the two platform models.

[0123] (2) Use the construction management database as the data transmission channel between the two platform models.

[0124] (3) The component information in the construction information management database is integrated into the Unity platform through index query, realizing the complete integration of model information in the virtual environment.

[0125] In terms of geometric structure, the Revit model file is converted into an FBX 3D model file to integrate the geometric structure information of the Revit model into the Unity platform.

[0126] In terms of core construction information, the Unity model name is used as the attribute information of the component to be filled into the construction management database. When integrating the core construction information, the Unity model name of the current interactive component is obtained through the name attribute in the script, and the Unity model name of the component is used as the index to query other core construction information of the component in the database.

[0127] S6. Construction of a virtual environment integrating BIM and VR.

[0128] The ElementId that uniquely identifies the Revit model can be inherited in the Unity model as a component of the Unity model name.

[0129] 1. Establish a model matching mechanism based on ElementId between the two platform models.

[0130] 2. Use the construction management database as the data transmission channel between the two platform models.

[0131] 3. Integrate the component information in the construction information management database into the Unity platform through index query to achieve complete integration of model information in the virtual environment.

[0132] (1) Geometric structure: Convert the Revit model file to an FBX 3D model file to integrate the geometric structure information of the Revit model into the Unicode platform.

[0133] (2) Core construction information. The Unity model name is used as the attribute information of the component to be filled into the construction management database. When integrating the core construction information, the Unity model name of the current interactive component is obtained through the name attribute in the script, and the Unity model name of the component is used as the index to query other core construction information of the component in the database. The integration process is as follows: Fig.10 shown.

[0134] S7, VR interaction implementation.

[0135] S71. The working status can reflect the behavior of the user. In the development process of Unity VR content, the behavior information of the user can be obtained by tracking the status of the action. Obtaining the action status includes the following four steps:

[0136] (1) Create an action. In the input system window, create or edit an existing action in the selected action set, set the action name and action type according to the interaction requirements to be achieved by the action, and complete the creation of the action.

[0137] (2) Bind actions. Keep the VR device turned on, and Steam VR will automatically identify the VR device currently in use. After determining the action binding key and determining the key behavior based on the action type, the existing action will be bound to the key behavior of the specified key on the gamepad controller in the action binding window.

[0138] (3) Obtain action information through scripts. Introduce the Valve.VR namespace corresponding to the SteamVR API in the script file; reference the action by declaring action variables or calling the API directly; register the action listener or register the action event processing function to obtain the action status.

[0139] S72. Object interaction implementation. Using a handle controller to interact with objects in a virtual environment is the most basic interaction method in a VR experience. Virtual objects need to mount "Interactable" and "Throwable" script components to implement their own interaction with the handle controller.

[0140] The "Interactable" component controls important mechanisms in the interaction, and its property values ​​need to be adjusted to a certain extent. When the "Interactable" script component is mounted on an object, the object will obtain an identification that it can interact with the handle. The "Interactable" component uses its internal logic to determine whether the collision body of the handle controller collides with the collision body of the virtual object, thereby determining whether the virtual object is in contact with the handle controller. If the above collision is detected, the outline of the object will be changed to a yellow highlight state, prompting the experiencer that the object is an object that can interact with the handle. This component can also control the expression of the hand model when the object interacts with the handle controller, such as whether to hide the hand model, the grasping posture of the hand model, etc.

[0141] Mounting the "Interactable" component can only make the object sense the handle controller. To realize the grabbing and releasing of virtual objects, the following steps are required:

[0142] (1) Mount the "Throwable" script component to the virtual object.

[0143] (2) Unity automatically adds “Interactable” and “Rigidbody” components to virtual objects, identifies them as interactive objects, and gives them physical properties such as gravity and mass.

[0144] (3) When the handle controller comes into contact with the virtual object and initiates a "grab" action, the virtual object will be converted into a child object of the Hand object according to the internal logic of the script, so that the position and rotation properties of the virtual object and the Hand object remain consistent.

[0145] (4) When the release action is issued, the virtual object will return to the state before the grasping, no longer follow the position and rotation properties of the Hand object, and restore its own physical properties. By adding the "Steam_VR_Skeleton_Poser" component to the virtual object, the rotation angle of each hand bone joint of the hand model is controlled when grasping the object, thereby adjusting the grasping posture of the hand model, so that the object holding posture in the virtual scene is consistent with the object holding posture in reality, thereby improving the immersion of the VR experience.

[0146] S73, UI interaction implementation.

[0147] 1. Handle interaction mode based on Interaction System

[0148] A contact interaction method that operates the target UI element through the collision of the handle (hand) model in the virtual scene with the UI element. When the experiencer needs to interact with the UI element at close range, the handle controller is used to directly contact the UI element, and then the interaction with the UI element is realized by pressing the Trigger key to initiate the interaction action, which has higher accuracy and stronger immersion.

[0149] 2. Ray-based laser pointer interaction mode

[0150] (1) Use the ray emitted by the handle to hit the UI element.

[0151] (2) A long-distance UI interaction method in which a controller button is pressed to operate the UI element hit by the ray.

[0152] S74, Position Transmission

[0153] In order to free the experiencer from the constraints of reality on their range of activities and quickly reach a relatively far target position in the VR environment, the behavior of the handle buttons is bound to the actions that can achieve position transmission. Two steps are required to achieve position transmission through the Interaction System:

[0154] (1) Create a Teleport ing object in the scene. The "Teleport" script component mounted on the object specifies the logic of position transmission, controls the action when the teleport command is triggered, the teleport ray sensing layer, the maximum tolerance value of the height difference, the appearance of the teleport ing ray, the materials of each state of the teleport point and the teleport area, the teleport sound effect, the flash screen time and other properties.

[0155] (2) Create a TeleportPoint object in the scene, or attach a "Teleport Area" script component to a Plane, Quad, or other surface-shaped game object that already exists in the scene, to transform it into an area where teleportation can be performed. The teleportation area should be as close to the ground in the virtual environment as possible. After creating a teleport point or teleportation area, the user can press the button on the upper half of the Trackpad to trigger the teleportation action in the default action set and select the target location. When the "Locked" property of the selected teleport point is false, the user will move to the target location after releasing the Trackpad button.

[0156] S8. Accident scenario simulation method.

[0157] S81, simulation module, specifically including:

[0158] (1) Accidents caused by falling objects from high altitudes: by simulating engineering accidents related to falling objects from high altitudes and recreating the accident scene where workers are hit by objects, the construction workers’ safety awareness in high-altitude work areas and the importance of wearing safety helmets are enhanced.

[0159] (2) Personnel falling from heights: By simulating a person falling from heights, bleeding effects are set in front of the screen to simulate the effect of injury, and the accident scene where a worker accidentally falls from heights is simulated, so that construction workers can realize the importance of wearing safety ropes.

[0160] (3) Mechanical injury accidents: Construction noise is added to the virtual scene to interfere with the hearing of the experiencer. By simulating mechanical injury accidents in the form of collision and clamping between mechanical equipment and personnel, the workers are strengthened to have a better understanding of the potential mechanical injury hazards in the construction process, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0161] (4) Electric shock accidents: By guiding the participants to use the handle to touch the leaking electrical box, the electric shock sound effect and the electric shock special effects on the screen are set to simulate the electric shock accident of the workers, so as to improve the construction workers' attention to the standardized use of electricity. Figure 8 shown.

[0162] S82, auxiliary function module, specifically including:

[0163] (1) The button function prompt module provides the experiencer with a set of interactive operation guides attached to the handle model. The experiencer can understand the corresponding functions of each button on the handle controller according to the button function prompts provided, so as to quickly adapt to the human-computer interaction mode based on the handle controller after entering the virtual scene.

[0164] (2) Model information query module: The user can use the model information query module to obtain the core construction information of the BIM model. After the user's gaze moves to the BIM model, the model the user is staring at is highlighted and a timing animation is displayed to indicate the progress. If the user's gaze remains on the same model within the specified time, the component information panel is called out and the component information of the model is displayed in the component information panel.

[0165] (3) Weather and time simulation module: In order to provide more diversified construction scenes and enhance the immersion and realism of VR experience, the weather and time simulation module is added to realize the dynamic changes of weather and time. By rendering weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, and dynamically changing day and night, the construction environment under different visibility and brightness levels can be simulated.

[0166] After the virtual environment is built and combined with AI interaction, the functions of each module of the system are implemented in combination with Unity related plug-ins and event mechanisms. By detecting the collision behavior between the experiencer's capsule-shaped collision body and the dangerous area trigger or the dangerous source collision body, the occurrence of construction accidents is driven and whether the experiencer has been injured is judged.

[0167] When in the "falling object injury" accident scene, the experiencer does not avoid the danger zone and collides with the danger zone sensing field, the script file calls the corresponding program interface to restore the gravity property of the falling object above the experiencer to make it fall freely, and at the same time starts the falling object falling sound effect to attract the experiencer's attention to the sound source; when the script detects that the falling object collides with the experiencer, it is considered that a safety accident has occurred, and the experiencer's head-mounted display will be rendered as a "damaged" special effect, such as Fig.11 The special effect is achieved by rendering the injury effect image on the camera of the head-mounted display, and by modifying the transparency of the black background image frame by frame during the program running to achieve the effect of gradually darkening the scene. After the special effect ends, the cause of the accident is displayed in the safety education panel, and relevant safety education is provided to the workers who do not perform construction in accordance with safety regulations.

[0168] The button hint function of the controller is implemented based on the ControllerButtonHints class. When the button hint function is turned on, the display mode of the hand model will be changed to "display the hand model and the controller model at the same time", the buttons that can trigger the interaction will be highlighted and flashed, and the text prompts of the relevant functions will be displayed to guide the experiencer to make corresponding button actions.

[0169] The model information query function is implemented. The head-mounted display will send a ray with a range of 200m along the experiencer's line of sight. The Update() function is used to monitor the hitting status of the ray in each frame of the system operation. The implementation process is as follows: Fig.12 As shown. When the script detects that the ray hits a component model, the appearance of the component model hit by the ray will become highlighted, and the timing will start and the circular progress animation will be displayed. When the experiencer's sight is always staring at the same component within the "specified staring time", the information of the component model will be queried from the database and the information will be assigned to the corresponding Text control element on the component information UI panel, and the UI panel will be displayed at the same time.

[0170] The Enviro-sky and weather plug-in is also used to achieve dynamic changes in various weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy, snowy, rainy, etc., as well as time, and corresponding sound effects are added under different weather conditions.

[0171] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation system, which specifically includes:

[0172] The first model module is used to obtain environmental data of the target bridge construction, and output the bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling; based on the bridge terrain model, BIM simulation modeling is performed on the construction area of ​​the target bridge to output the bridge construction model.

[0173] The second model module is used to perform BIM simulation modeling on the target bridge body to obtain a bridge model; analyze the risk sources that appear in different scenarios during the bridge construction process, and divide the bridge construction risk level by determining the risk possibility L value, risk exposure degree E value, risk impact degree C value and dangerousness D value of the risk source as risk evaluation indicators;

[0174] The third model module is used to integrate the bridge construction model, bridge model and risk source to establish a safety model for bridge accidents;

[0175] The virtual module is used to combine the bridge accident safety model with the VR virtual device to realize the bridge construction safety simulation interaction; among them, the handle controller is used to interact with the objects in the virtual environment, and the VR device is connected using the Unity VR interface to simulate the accident scenarios of different bridge construction risk levels based on the bridge accident safety model.

[0176] Each module in the above-mentioned three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation system can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, and a combination thereof. Each of the above-mentioned modules can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in a memory in a computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each of the above modules.

[0177] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in an embodiment of a bridge three-dimensional information construction safety simulation method. The specific implementation method can be found in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0178] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium containing instructions, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium. For example, a memory containing instructions, the above instructions can be executed by a processor of a computer device to complete the above method. For example, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium can be a ROM, a random access memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps in an embodiment of a three-dimensional information-based construction safety simulation method for bridges. The specific implementation method can be found in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0179] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may provide methods, systems or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0180] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as a combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0181] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0182] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0183] It should be pointed out that the specific implementation methods described above can enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention more comprehensively, but do not limit the invention in any way. Therefore, although the invention has been described in detail in this specification and embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents; and all technical solutions and improvements that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent for the invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. Any simple change or equivalent replacement of the technical solution that can be obviously obtained by any technician familiar with the field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquire environmental data of the target bridge construction, and construct a bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling; perform BIM simulation modeling on the construction area of ​​the target bridge based on the bridge terrain model to construct a bridge construction model; Perform BIM simulation modeling on the target bridge body to obtain a bridge model; analyze the risk sources that appear in different scenarios during the bridge construction process, and divide the bridge construction risk level by determining the risk possibility L value, risk exposure degree E value, risk impact degree C value and dangerousness D value of the risk source as risk evaluation indicators; Integrate the bridge construction model, bridge model and risk source to establish a safety model for bridge accidents; The bridge accident safety model is combined with VR virtual equipment to realize bridge construction safety simulation interaction; wherein, a handle controller is used to interact with objects in the virtual environment, and the VR equipment is connected using the Unity VR interface, and accident scenarios of different bridge construction risk levels are simulated based on the bridge accident safety model.

2. A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the environmental data of the target bridge, outputting the bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling, specifically includes the following steps: Use the Infraworks model generator to obtain digital terrain models and satellite images related to the target bridge construction site from the cloud, and integrate the road, railway, building and river elements in the OpenStreetMap dataset into the GIS environment as the environmental data of the target bridge; Importing terrain data in the environmental data into Civil3D, decomposing terrain blocks and storing them as CAD terrain files; Insert the CAD terrain file into the Revit software, and use the three-dimensional contour data as an import instance to create an irregular triangulated network terrain surface as a bridge terrain model file.

3. A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction area of ​​the target bridge was simulated and modeled using BIM. Specifically, the bridge construction area was divided into: project department, beam storage area, beam manufacturing area, material storage area, reinforced concrete processing area, living area and transportation channel. Different areas were modeled and integrated using Revit software.

4. A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bridge construction model includes an upper bridge model and a lower bridge model. The bridge construction model is established by specifically including the following steps: According to the structural drawing of the target bridge, create the inner and outer contours of the component model connected by key nodes; The inner and outer contours of the component model are stretched or lofted to create a solid model and a hollow model and combine them to perform modeling; Select and input corresponding parameters to complete the creation of the bridge component model, and load the bridge component model file into the Revit project; Read the bridge centerline information and adjust the component model posture, and use Revit API to realize automatic assembly of the bridge model.

5. The three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes integrating the BIM model built using Revit with various models built in Unity to build a complete and safe simulation environment, which includes the following steps: Get the component information in the Revit document, associate it with the component using the component's Element ID as the index, store it in the model database, and adjust the Revit model format to FBX format; Use 3DMax to process the Revit model after the format adjustment and convert the units; Use the Mesh Filter and Mesh Renderer components in Unity to carry model mesh data and render the model.

6. A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accident scene simulation using Unity VR and based on the bridge accident safety model specifically includes the following steps: Obtain the experiencer's behavior information by tracking the status of the action; The virtual object mounts the UI components Interactable and Throwable to realize the interaction between itself and the handle controller. Through the collision between the handle model in the virtual scene and the UI element, the target UI element is operated in a contact interaction mode.

7. A three-dimensional information-based bridge construction safety simulation system, characterized in that: include: The first model module is used to obtain environmental data of the target bridge construction, and output a bridge terrain model through BIM simulation modeling; perform BIM simulation modeling on the construction area of ​​the target bridge based on the bridge terrain model, and output a bridge construction model; The second model module is used to perform BIM simulation modeling on the target bridge body to obtain a bridge model; analyze the risk sources that appear in different scenarios during the bridge construction process, and divide the bridge construction risk level by determining the risk possibility L value, risk exposure degree E value, risk impact degree C value and dangerousness D value of the risk source as risk evaluation indicators; The third model module is used to integrate the bridge construction model, bridge model and risk source to establish a safety model for bridge accidents; The virtual module is used to combine the bridge accident safety model with the VR virtual device to realize bridge construction safety simulation interaction; wherein, a handle controller is used to interact with objects in the virtual environment, and the VR device is connected using the Unity VR interface to simulate accident scenarios of different bridge construction risk levels based on the bridge accident safety model.

8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that: The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is loaded into a processor, it can execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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