Forging forming method for concave plate part

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of forging of plate parts, and particularly relates to a forging forming method of a concave plate part. Comprising the steps of designing a horizontal forging rough shape, designing a horizontal forging die and determining the blanking size, so that a forge piece meeting the size required by a drawing can be obtained during finish forging forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of forging of plate parts, and in particular relates to a forging forming method of a concave-shaped plate part. Background Art

[0002] At present, this type of concave forgings has large ends and a thin web in the middle. Due to its shape, it is usually formed by direct forging with larger raw materials or by using a free forging + die forging process. These two forming methods have low material utilization rates and poor matching of deformation in the hot working process; free forging billets have large forging defects, poor dimensional consistency, unstable organization, and high production costs. It is now necessary to develop a new process solution to solve the pain points of enterprises. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: To provide a forging method for concave-shaped plate parts to solve the problems of low material utilization, poor matching of deformation in hot working procedures, large forging defects and high production costs brought about by the existing production technology.

[0004] Technical solution:

[0005] A forging method for a concave-shaped plate-like part, comprising:

[0006] Step 1: Determine the shape and size of the rough shape of the flat forging: Draw a three-dimensional model according to the forging drawing, cut the cross-section of the two end caps and the middle web position, multiply the corresponding cross-sectional area by the flash coefficient, and calculate the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding part of the rough shape; in order to evenly distribute the deformation, the rough shape section of the corresponding part of the web is designed to be elliptical, and the two end caps are designed to be circular. The length and transfer radius of the web and the two end caps are determined according to the final forging drawing;

[0007] Step 2: Deform simulation verification of the shape and size of the flat forging;

[0008] Step 3: According to the simulation results of step 2, adjust the rough shape size until the overall deformation is within the range of 40% to 70% and there is no defect removal;

[0009] Step 4: According to the rough shape size determined in step 3, multiply it by the thermal coefficient to make a flat forging die. The flat forging die includes an upper die, a lower die and left and right punches. The left and right punches have a reserved clearance with the upper and lower model cavities.

[0010] Step 5: Draw a three-dimensional digital model based on the rough shape size determined in step 3 to determine the rough shape volume. Determine the bar diameter based on the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape so that the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape is consistent with the cross-sectional area of ​​the bar, and convert the required bar length with equal volume;

[0011] Step 6: sawing the alloy bar to the required length and chamfering the end face, spraying high-temperature glass lubricant protective agent, heating to the initial forging temperature required by the material and keeping it warm for a period of time, placing the alloy bar into a flat forging die, forging and forming, and forging to the size and specification of the rough shape;

[0012] Step 7: After cleaning and grinding the rough shape produced in step 6, spray high-temperature glass lubricant protective agent, heat it to the initial forging temperature required by the material and keep it warm for a period of time, put it into the final forging die cavity, and forge it into shape;

[0013] Step 8: Heat treatment and physical and chemical testing of forgings shall be carried out according to relevant requirements.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1, forging burrs are generated on both sides of the web, and the burr coefficient is 1.1-1.15; forging burrs are generated on three sides of the two end heads, and the burr coefficient is 1.2-1.3.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1, the rough length of the web is consistent with the length of the web of the forging, and the rough length of the two end heads is 5 to 10 mm shorter than that of the forging, while ensuring that the rough shape satisfies the requirements of filling the cavity during forging forming and a reasonable deformation distribution.

[0016] Preferably, in step 4, the thermal coefficient is 1.008-1.010, and the unilateral fitting clearance between the left and right punches and the upper and lower dies is 0.4 mm-0.5 mm, and the unilateral fitting clearance is taken from the punches.

[0017] Preferably, in step 6, the end chamfer of the alloy rod is 2 mm×45°.

[0018] Preferably, in step 6 and step 7, spraying the high temperature glass lubricating protective agent is specifically:

[0019] In the heat preservation box, the temperature is set at 150°C to 200°C, the rod is placed in the heat preservation box and kept warm for 60min to 120min, then taken out, and glass lubricant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the spraying thickness of the glass lubricant is 0.06mm to 0.10mm on a single side.

[0020] Preferably, in step 6 and step 7, the forging heating and holding time is calculated as 0.9 min / mm to 1.1 min / mm, and the initial forging temperature is selected in the range of 930° C. to 960° C.

[0021] Preferably, in steps 6 and 7, spraying of a high-temperature glass lubricating protective agent is included before each forging.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) Flat forging, the rough shape size is controlled by the die, which fundamentally solves the problems of low forging material utilization, poor matching of deformation in hot working process, large forging defects and high production cost;

[0024] (2) The bar is formed in a flat forging die, and the rough shape produced is complete in streamline, with good consistency in shape and size, and stable and reliable quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions implemented in the present invention, the following is a brief explanation of the drawings required to be used in the examples of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of forgings, where: Figure 1 (a) Main view, Figure 1 (b) is a top view, Figure 1 (c) is a cross-sectional view;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the wild shape, where Figure 2 (a) Main view, Figure 2 (b) is a top view, Figure 2 (c) is a cross-sectional view;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of flat forging die, where number ① is the upper die, number ② is the lower die, and number ③ is the left and right punches;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the matching between rough shape and forging, where the double-dotted line is the rough shape outline;

[0030] Figure 5 Simulation results;

[0031] Figure 6 Forgings low multiple;

[0032] Figure 7 Forging microstructure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The features of various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the detailed description below, many specific details are proposed to fully understand the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be implemented without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only for a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to any specific settings and methods provided below, but covers all product structures, any improvements, replacements, etc. of methods covered without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0035] In the various drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1-7 , a forging method for concave plate parts, including the design of flat forging rough shape, the design of flat forging die, and the determination of blanking size, so that the forgings that meet the size requirements of the drawing can be obtained during the final forging. Specifically including:

[0037] Step 1: Determine the shape and size of the rough shape of the flat forging: Draw a three-dimensional model according to the forging drawing, cut the cross-section of the two end caps and the middle web position, multiply the corresponding cross-sectional area by the flash coefficient, and calculate the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding part of the rough shape; in order to evenly distribute the deformation, the rough shape section of the corresponding part of the web is designed to be elliptical, and the two end caps are designed to be circular. The length and transfer radius of the web and the two end caps are determined according to the final forging drawing;

[0038] Preferably, in step 1, forging burrs are generated on both sides of the web, and the burr coefficient is 1.1-1.15; forging burrs are generated on three sides of the two end heads, and the burr coefficient is 1.2-1.3.

[0039] Preferably, in step 1, the rough length of the web is consistent with the length of the web of the forging, and the rough length of the two end heads is 5 to 10 mm shorter than that of the forging, while ensuring that the rough shape satisfies the requirements of filling the cavity during forging forming and a reasonable deformation distribution.

[0040] Step 2: Deform simulation verification of the shape and size of the flat forging;

[0041] Step 3: According to the simulation results of step 2, adjust the rough shape size until the overall deformation is within the range of 40% to 70% and there is no defect removal;

[0042] Step 4: According to the rough shape size determined in step 3, multiply it by the thermal coefficient to make a flat forging die. The flat forging die includes an upper die, a lower die and left and right punches. The left and right punches have a reserved clearance with the upper and lower model cavities.

[0043] Preferably, in step 4, the thermal coefficient is 1.008-1.010, and the unilateral fitting clearance between the left and right punches and the upper and lower dies is 0.4 mm-0.5 mm, and the unilateral fitting clearance is taken from the punches.

[0044] Step 5: Draw a three-dimensional digital model based on the rough shape size determined in step 3 to determine the rough shape volume. Determine the bar diameter based on the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape so that the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape is consistent with the cross-sectional area of ​​the bar, and convert the required bar length with equal volume;

[0045] Step 6: sawing the alloy bar to the required length and chamfering the end face, spraying high-temperature glass lubricant protective agent, heating to the initial forging temperature required by the material and keeping it warm for a period of time, placing the alloy bar into a flat forging die, forging and forming, and forging to the size and specification of the rough shape;

[0046] Preferably, in step 6, the end chamfer of the alloy rod is 2 mm×45°.

[0047] Step 7: After cleaning and grinding the rough shape produced in step 6, spray high-temperature glass lubricant protective agent, heat it to the initial forging temperature required by the material and keep it warm for a period of time, put it into the final forging die cavity, and forge it into shape;

[0048] Preferably, in step 6 and step 7, spraying the high temperature glass lubricating protective agent is specifically:

[0049] In the heat preservation box, the temperature is set at 150°C to 200°C, the rod is placed in the heat preservation box and kept warm for 60min to 120min, then taken out, and glass lubricant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the spraying thickness of the glass lubricant is 0.06mm to 0.10mm on a single side.

[0050] Preferably, in step 6 and step 7, the forging heating and holding time is calculated as 0.9 min / mm to 1.1 min / mm, and the initial forging temperature is selected in the range of 930° C. to 960° C.

[0051] Preferably, in steps 6 and 7, spraying of a high-temperature glass lubricating protective agent is included before each forging.

[0052] It can solve the problems of unstable size and structure of traditional free forging billets and poor matching of deformation in each hot working process. It includes blanking, closed flat forging and final forging.

[0053] Step 8: Heat treatment and physical and chemical testing of forgings shall be carried out according to relevant requirements.

[0054] Example:

[0055] A certain TC4 alloy concave plate-like part is produced by die forging using the method of the present invention.

[0056] Step 1: Design of the flat forging shape according to the final forging drawing delivered to the customer ( Figure 1 ) Draw a three-dimensional model, then cut off the cross-sectional areas of the two ends Ⅰ and Ⅲ and the cross-sectional area Ⅱ of the middle web position. On the basis of the cross-sectional areas at the corresponding positions, multiply the cross-sectional areas of the two ends Ⅰ and Ⅲ by the burr coefficient 1.25, and multiply the cross-sectional area of ​​the middle web Ⅱ by the burr coefficient 1.1, and convert the actual values ​​of Φ1, Φ2 and the major diameter b and minor diameter a of the corresponding parts of the rough shape; the calculation of the minor diameter a of the ellipse in the middle position of the rough shape adds constraints: The value is controlled between 0.5 and 0.8. The rough length of the web is consistent with the length of the forging web, and the rough length of the two ends is 6.5mm shorter than the forging. Figure 4 ;

[0057] Step 2: Based on the rough shape size determined in step 1, draw a three-dimensional digital model, and combine the Deform simulation results to further improve the rough shape size to ensure the overall deformation amount ( Figure 5 , actual deformation 50% to 70%), and further verify the rationality of rough shape size and transfer radius;

[0058] Step 3: Improve the rough shape size according to the simulation results of step 2 (attached Figure 2 );

[0059] Step 4: According to the rough shape size determined in step 3, all dimensions are enlarged by a factor of 1.008 to make the flat forging die cavity; Figure 3 , which includes an upper die, a lower die and left and right punches. The left and right punches have a reserved clearance with the upper and lower model cavities, and the clearance is 0.4mm on one side;

[0060] Step 5: Determine the blanking specifications. Draw a three-dimensional digital model based on the rough shape size determined in step 3 to determine the rough shape volume. According to the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape, determine the bar diameter to be Φ55, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the rough shape and the bar are consistent. The required bar length for equal volume conversion is 488;

[0061] Step 6: saw the alloy bar to the required length and chamfer the end face by 2mm×45°, spray high-temperature glass lubricant and protective agent, heat to the initial forging temperature of 960°C required by the material and keep it warm for 55 minutes, put the alloy bar into the flat forging die, and perform flat forging to the size of the rough shape;

[0062] Step 7: After cleaning and grinding the rough shape produced in step 6, spray high-temperature glass lubricant and protective agent, heat to the initial forging temperature of 960℃ required by the material and keep it warm for 45 minutes, put the rough shape into the final forging die, and forge it to the size required by the drawing.

[0063] Step 8: Heat treatment and physical and chemical testing of forgings according to relevant requirements, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0064] A certain TC4 alloy concave plate-like part produced by adopting the design and forging process of the present invention is subjected to chemical inspection and dissection. The low-magnification microstructure of the longitudinal section of the forging is uniform, meeting the requirements of the relevant standards for TC4 alloy forgings on the microstructure.

Claims

1. A forging method for a concave-shaped plate-like part, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Determine the shape and size of the rough shape of the flat forging: Draw a three-dimensional model according to the forging drawing, cut the cross-section of the two end caps and the middle web position, multiply the flash coefficient by the corresponding cross-sectional area, and calculate the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding part of the rough shape; in order to evenly distribute the deformation, the rough shape section of the corresponding part of the web is designed to be elliptical, and the two end caps are designed to be circular. The length and transfer radius of the web and the two end caps are determined according to the final forging drawing; Step 2: Deform simulation verification of the shape and size of the flat forging; Step 3: According to the simulation results of step 2, adjust the rough shape size until the overall deformation is within the range of 40% to 70% and there is no defect removal; Step 4: According to the rough shape size determined in step 3, multiply it by the thermal coefficient to make a flat forging die. The flat forging die includes an upper die, a lower die and left and right punches. The left and right punches have a reserved clearance with the upper and lower model cavities. Step 5: Draw a three-dimensional digital model based on the rough shape size determined in step 3 to determine the rough shape volume. Determine the bar diameter based on the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape so that the area of ​​the ellipse in the middle of the rough shape is consistent with the cross-sectional area of ​​the bar, and convert the required bar length with equal volume; Step 6: sawing the alloy bar to the required length and chamfering the end face, spraying high-temperature glass lubricant protective agent, heating to the initial forging temperature required by the material and keeping it warm for a period of time, placing the alloy bar into a flat forging die, forging and forming, and forging to the size and specification of the rough shape; Step 7: After cleaning and grinding the rough shape produced in step 6, spray high-temperature glass lubricant protective agent, heat it to the initial forging temperature required by the material and keep it warm for a period of time, put it into the final forging die cavity, and forge it into shape; Step 8: Heat treatment and physical and chemical testing of forgings shall be carried out according to relevant requirements.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 1, forging flash is generated on both sides of the web, and the flash coefficient is 1.1-1.

15. Forging flash is generated on three sides of the two end heads, and the flash coefficient is 1.2-1.

3.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that In step 1, the rough shape length of the web is consistent with the length of the web of the forging, and the rough shape length of the two end heads is 5 to 10 mm shorter than that of the forging, while ensuring that the rough shape satisfies the requirements of filling the cavity during forging forming and reasonable deformation distribution.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the thermal coefficient is 1.008-1.010, and the unilateral fitting clearance between the left and right punches and the upper and lower dies is 0.4 mm-0.5 mm, and the unilateral fitting clearance is taken from the punches.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 6, the end chamfer of the alloy rod is 2 mm×45°.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 6 and step 7, spray the high temperature glass lubricating protective agent, specifically: In the heat preservation box, the temperature is set at 150°C to 200°C, the rod is placed in the heat preservation box and kept warm for 60min to 120min, then taken out, and glass lubricant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the spraying thickness of the glass lubricant is 0.06mm to 0.10mm on a single side.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 6 and step 7, the forging heating and holding time is calculated as 0.9 min / mm to 1.1 min / mm, and the initial forging temperature is selected in the range of 930°C to 960°C.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 6 and step 7, a high temperature glass lubricating protective agent is sprayed before each forging.

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