Large-gradient auxiliary system and tunneling method of large-gradient tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cantilever type heading machines, and particularly relates to a large-gradient auxiliary system and a heading method of a large-gradient heading machine. The large-gradient auxiliary system comprises a base, a top supporting beam, a lifting and turning oil cylinder, a top supporting oil cylinder, a top supporting shoe, an anti-skid oil cylinder and a traction oil cylinder. The inner side of the base is provided with a connecting part used for being connected with a heading machine, and the outer side of the base is connected with a traction oil cylinder through a cross-shaped connector. The bottom of the top supporting beam is hinged to the top of the base, the top is connected with the top supporting oil cylinder, the telescopic end of the top supporting oil cylinder is connected with the top supporting shoe, one end of the lifting oil cylinder is hinged to the top of the base, and the other end of the lifting oil cylinder is hinged to the top supporting beam. The lifting and turning oil cylinder is used for driving the top supporting beam to turn up and down, the anti-skid oil cylinder is obliquely installed at the bottom of the base, and the anti-skid oil cylinder and the top supporting beam are arranged on the same side. By means of the large-gradient auxiliary system, the problems of auxiliary walking, stable cutting and ramp skid resistance of the large-gradient roadway cantilever type heading machine in the range of + / -30 degrees are solved in a modularized mode in a centralized mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cantilever type tunnel boring machines, and in particular relates to a large-slope auxiliary system and a tunneling method of a large-slope tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] At present, cantilevered roadheaders are generally suitable for tunneling in slopes between ±18°. Outside the ±18° range, the slope resistance increases significantly, and the roadheader lacks climbing power, which makes it difficult for the roadheader to move, thus affecting the use of the roadheader. In order to solve this problem, an external auxiliary push-pull method is generally used to overcome the slope resistance so that the cantilevered roadheader can move normally on large slopes.

[0003] When the tunnel slope increases further or the tunnel floor is slippery, the tunnel boring machine is prone to slipping due to insufficient adhesion and insufficient stability when swinging and cutting. In addition, tunnel boring machines generally need to be equipped with anti-skid devices to prevent them from slipping back and forth and injuring people and damaging equipment.

[0004] At present, a lot of work has been done on the above-mentioned aspects of large-slope cantilever tunnel boring machines, most of which are committed to individual modifications in various parts of the tunnel boring machines to achieve relevant functions, causing the overall layout of the already mature tunnel boring machines to become messy again, which not only affects the relevant functions of the large-slope tunnel boring machines, but also reduces the adaptability of the tunnel boring machines in general tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to solve the problems of auxiliary walking, stable cutting and anti-slip of a cantilever type roadheader in a large-slope tunnel within the range of ±30°.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions: a large slope auxiliary system, including a base, a top support beam, a lifting cylinder, a top support cylinder, a top support boot, an anti-skid cylinder and a traction cylinder; the inner side of the base is provided with a connecting portion for connecting to a tunnel boring machine, and the outer side is connected to the traction cylinder through a cross connector; the bottom of the top support beam is hinged to the top of the base, and the top is connected to the top support cylinder, the telescopic end of the top support cylinder is connected to the top support boot, one end of the lifting cylinder is hinged to the top of the base, and the other end is hinged to the top support beam; the lifting cylinder is used to drive the top support beam to flip up and down, and the anti-skid cylinder is obliquely installed at the bottom of the base, and the anti-skid cylinder and the top support beam are on the same side.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner side surface of the base is a fixed plate, which is provided with a "U"-shaped mounting groove and bolt holes; a groove is provided in the middle and lower part of the outer side surface, and cylinder ear plates are arranged in front and behind the groove; the front part is an anti-slip cylinder sleeve arranged obliquely in the up and down directions; the upper part is provided with a top support beam connecting ear plate and a lifting cylinder connecting ear plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the top support beam is in the shape of a double-sided broken line, with a hinge hole at one end and a cylindrical deep hole inside the other end; the piston rod end of the top support cylinder is installed inwardly and the cylinder end is installed outwardly in the cylindrical deep hole of the top support beam, and the piston rod is limited axially by a pin shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, a cylinder ear plate is provided at the corner of the top support beam, the connecting hole of the cylinder ear plate is a long hole type, and a detachable limit block is provided in the connecting hole.

[0010] Furthermore, the top support boot includes a spherical cap and a circular connecting sleeve, an anchor nail is arranged on the top of the spherical cap, and the circular connecting sleeve is installed on the top support cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the piston rod end of the anti-skid oil cylinder is installed in the anti-skid oil cylinder sleeve at the front of the base with the piston rod end facing upward and the cylinder barrel end facing downward, and the piston rod of the anti-skid oil cylinder is axially limited by a pin shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, anchor nails are arranged on the plane of the cylinder end of the anti-skid oil cylinder.

[0013] A tunneling method for a steep-slope tunnel boring machine, comprising a tunnel boring machine, wherein the tunnel boring machine comprises a general tunnel boring mode and a steep-slope tunnel boring mode;

[0014] The roadheader is in the steep-slope tunnel excavation mode; a steep-slope auxiliary system is installed on the left and right sides of the roadheader's body. The steep-slope auxiliary system is nested and installed on the outside of the roadheader's crawler frame using the "U"-shaped mounting groove of the fixing plate on the inner side of the base. At the same time, the base is fixed to the crawler frame using bolts passing through the bolt holes. The steep-slope auxiliary systems on the left and right sides of the roadheader's body are symmetrical.

[0015] Further, the steep-slope tunnel excavation mode of the roadheader includes equipment mobilization state, cutting state and anti-slip state of the roadheader;

[0016] When the equipment is in the mobilization state, anchor bolts are driven into the bottom plate at the front or rear of the tunnel boring machine, and the anchor bolt head and the piston rod end pin of the traction cylinder are connected by a round link chain; the lifting cylinders, top support cylinders, and anti-skid cylinders on the left and right sides of the tunnel boring machine are operated to fully retract, and the top support beam is laid flat; the tunnel boring machine is operated to travel, and the traction cylinder is operated to retract at the same time. The traction cylinder uses the anchor bolt as a fulcrum to assist in traction of the tunnel boring machine to achieve equipment mobilization.

[0017] In the cutting state, operate the left and right lifting cylinders to fully extend the piston rods, and the left and right top support beams swing to the highest position; in the downhill cutting state, install limit blocks in the connection holes of the cylinder ear plates on the top support beams; in the uphill cutting state, remove the limit blocks in the connection holes of the cylinder ear plates on the top support beams; then operate the left and right top support cylinders to extend the piston rods until the top support boots on their tops support the tunnel roof tightly, so that the ramp of the tunnel boring machine is stable, and then carry out the cutting operation;

[0018] When the TBM is in anti-skid state, when excavating uphill, the rear support legs of the TBM tightly support the bottom plate to prevent it from sliding backward; when excavating downhill, the left and right anti-skid cylinders are extended and stepped on the tunnel bottom plate to prevent the TBM from sliding forward.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] The large slope auxiliary system solves the problems of auxiliary walking, stable cutting and anti-slip on slopes of cantilevered tunnel boring machines in the range of ±30° in a modular manner. The traction cylinder installed at the front or rear of the outside of the system according to the slope can assist in dragging the tunnel boring machine forward or backward when the tunnel boring machine is climbing; the top support mechanism on the top of the system can tightly support the top plate to stabilize the tunnel boring machine when the tunnel boring machine is cutting, and retract to both sides of the machine body when not cutting; the anti-slip cylinders installed on the upper and lower parts of the front of the system can penetrate into the tunnel floor to prevent the tunnel boring machine from sliding. The large slope auxiliary system is a modular design that does not increase the height of the tunnel boring machine, adapts to a wide range of tunnel heights, has reliable performance, can be dismantled as a whole, and can better adapt to both large-slope tunnels and general tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steep slope assist system;

[0022] Figure 2 Retract the side view for the Hill Descent Assist system;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a large slope tunnel boring machine;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the base;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a top support beam and a limit block;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the top support shoe.

[0027] In the figure: 1-base; 1.1-"U"-shaped mounting groove; 1.2-bolt hole; 1.3-anti-skid cylinder sleeve; 1.4-groove; 1.5-front cylinder ear plate; 1.6-rear cylinder ear plate; 2-top support beam; 2.1-connecting hole; 2.2-limiting block; 3-lifting cylinder; 4-top support cylinder; 5-top support boot; 5.1-anchor nail; 5.2-round connecting sleeve; 5.3-ball crown; 6-anti-skid cylinder; 7-traction cylinder; 8-left auxiliary system; 9-right auxiliary system; 10-tunneling machine; 11-cross connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown: a large slope auxiliary system, including a base 1, a top support beam 2, a lifting cylinder 3, a top support cylinder 4, a top support shoe 5, an anti-skid cylinder 6 and a traction cylinder 7; the inner side of the base 1 is provided with a connecting portion for connecting to a tunnel boring machine 10, and the outer side is connected to the traction cylinder 7 through a cross connector 11; the bottom of the top support beam 2 is hinged to the top of the base 1, and the top is connected to the top support cylinder 4, the telescopic end of the top support cylinder 4 is connected to the top support shoe 5, one end of the lifting cylinder 3 is hinged to the top of the base 1, and the other end is hinged to the top support beam 2; the lifting cylinder 3 is used to drive the top support beam 2 to flip up and down, and the anti-skid cylinder 6 is obliquely installed at the bottom of the base 1, and the anti-skid cylinder 6 and the top support beam 2 are on the same side.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown: the inner side of the base 1 is a fixed plate, and a "U"-shaped mounting groove 1.1 and a bolt hole 1.2 are arranged on the fixing plate. Through the "U"-shaped mounting groove 1.1 and the bolt hole 1.2 of the fixing plate, the base 1 can be fixed to the crawler frame of the tunnel boring machine 10 by bolts; this connection method is stable and reliable, and convenient for disassembly and assembly. A groove 1.4 is arranged in the middle and lower part of the outer side of the base 1, and cylinder lugs are arranged in front and behind the groove 1.4. The anti-skid cylinder 6 can be connected to the front cylinder lug 1.5 and the rear cylinder lug 1.6. The installation position is adjusted according to the tunneling working condition of the tunnel boring machine; the front part is an anti-skid cylinder sleeve 1.3 arranged in an up-down tilted direction; the upper part is provided with a top support beam connecting lug and a lifting cylinder connecting lug.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown: the top support beam 2 is in the shape of a double-sided broken line, with a hinge hole at one end and a cylindrical deep hole at the other end; the piston rod end of the top support cylinder 4 is installed in the cylindrical deep hole of the top support beam 2 with the piston rod end facing inward and the cylinder end facing outward, and the piston rod is axially limited by the pin. The top support beam 2 is in the shape of a double-sided broken line. When the top support beam 2 is in the diagonal bracing state (the line connecting the force application points of the top support beam 2 and the top support boot 5 attached thereto and the roadway floor form a certain angle), it can ensure that the force of the top support cylinder 4 is roughly perpendicular to the top plate to reduce damage to the top plate.

[0033] A cylinder lug plate is provided at the corner of the top support beam 2, and the connecting hole 2.1 of the cylinder lug plate is a long hole type, and a detachable stopper 2.2 is provided in the connecting hole 2.1. When digging downhill, the stopper 2.2 is installed in the connecting hole 2.1 to prevent the connecting pin shaft of the lifting cylinder 3 from sliding in the long hole.

[0034] When tunneling, there is no reliable rock wall-like obstruction at the rear of the TBM 10, and the backward sliding of the TBM 10 will cause great damage, so multiple anti-slip measures are required. When tunneling uphill, the top support beam 2 maintains a diagonal support state. When the TBM 10 slides backward due to insufficient positive pressure, the top support beam 2 has a tendency to swing forward. The long hole structure of the cylinder ear plate of the top support beam 2 can make the connecting pin of the lifting cylinder 3 move downward in the long hole to protect the lifting cylinder 3 from being damaged by strong pulling force; at the same time, the top support beam 2 continues to swing forward without constraint and presses the TBM tightly, which can stop the TBM from sliding backward and finally achieve the stability of the TBM on a large slope.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown: the top support boot 5 includes a spherical crown 5.3 and a circular connecting sleeve 5.2, an anchor 5.1 is arranged on the top of the spherical crown 5.3, and the circular connecting sleeve 5.2 is installed on the top support cylinder 4.

[0036] The head of the top support shoe 5 is in a spherical crown shape, which can adapt to the unevenness of the tunnel roof; an anchor 5.1 is arranged on the top of the spherical crown 5.3, which can increase the stability of the support shoe after tightly supporting the roof; the circular connecting sleeve 5.2 can make the top support shoe axially rotate under the action of external force to reduce local wear of the spherical crown 5.3 and the anchor 5.1.

[0037] The piston rod end of the anti-skid oil cylinder 6 is upward and the cylinder end is downward installed in the anti-skid oil cylinder sleeve 1.3 at the front of the base 1, and the piston rod of the anti-skid oil cylinder 6 is axially limited by a pin. Anchor nails are arranged on the plane of the cylinder end of the anti-skid oil cylinder 6.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown: a tunneling method of a steep-slope tunnel boring machine, comprising a tunnel boring machine 10, wherein the tunnel boring machine 10 comprises a general tunnel boring mode and a steep-slope tunnel boring mode;

[0040] The tunnel boring machine 10 is in a steep-slope tunnel excavation mode; a steep-slope auxiliary system according to claim 4 is installed on the left and right sides of the body of the tunnel boring machine 10, and the steep-slope auxiliary system is nested and installed on the outer side of the crawler frame of the tunnel boring machine 10 by using the "U"-shaped mounting groove 1.1 of the inner side fixing plate of the base 1, and the base 1 is fixed to the crawler frame by bolts passing through the bolt holes 1.2. The steep-slope auxiliary systems on the left and right sides of the body of the tunnel boring machine 10 are symmetrical.

[0041] The steep-slope tunnel excavation mode of the roadheader 10 includes an equipment mobilization state, a cutting state, and a roadheader anti-slip state;

[0042] When the equipment is in the state of mobilization, anchor rods are driven into the bottom plate at the front or rear of the tunnel boring machine 10, and the anchor rod head and the piston rod end pin of the traction cylinder 7 are connected by a round link chain; the lifting cylinders 3, top support cylinders 4, and anti-skid cylinders 6 on the left and right sides of the tunnel boring machine 10 are operated to fully retract, and the top support beam 1 is laid flat; the tunnel boring machine 10 is operated to travel, and the traction cylinder 7 is operated to retract at the same time. The traction cylinder 7 uses the anchor rod as a fulcrum to assist in traction of the tunnel boring machine 10, thereby realizing equipment mobilization.

[0043] In the cutting state, the left and right lifting cylinders 3 are operated to fully extend the piston rods, and the left and right top support beams 2 are swung to the highest position; in the downhill cutting state, the limit blocks 2.2 are installed in the connecting holes 2.1 of the cylinder ear plates on the top support beams 2; in the uphill cutting state, the limit blocks 2.2 in the connecting holes 2.1 of the cylinder ear plates on the top support beams 2 are removed; then the left and right top support cylinders 4 are operated to extend the piston rods until the top support boots 5 on their tops support the top plate of the tunnel, so that the ramp of the tunnel boring machine 10 is stable, and then the cutting operation is carried out;

[0044] When the tunnel boring machine is in anti-skid state, when tunneling uphill, the rear support legs of the tunnel boring machine 10 tightly support the bottom plate to prevent it from sliding backward; when tunneling downhill, the left and right anti-skid cylinders 6 are extended and stepped on the tunnel bottom plate to prevent the tunnel boring machine 10 from sliding forward.

[0045] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A large slope assistance system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), a top support beam (2), a lifting cylinder (3), a top support cylinder (4), a top support shoe (5), an anti-skid cylinder (6) and a traction cylinder (7); the inner side of the base (1) is provided with a connection portion for connecting with a tunnel boring machine (10), and the outer side is connected with the traction cylinder (7) through a cross connector (11); the bottom of the top support beam (2) is hinged with the top of the base (1), and the top is connected with the top support cylinder (4); the telescopic end of the top support cylinder (4) is connected with the top support shoe (5); one end of the lifting cylinder (3) is hinged with the top of the base (1), and the other end is hinged with the top support beam (2); the lifting cylinder (3) is used to drive the top support beam (2) to flip up and down; the anti-skid cylinder (6) is obliquely installed at the bottom of the base (1), and the anti-skid cylinder (6) and the top support beam (2) are on the same side.

2. A steep slope assist system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side surface of the base (1) is a fixing plate, on which a "U"-shaped mounting groove (1.1) and a bolt hole (1.2) are arranged; a groove (1.4) is arranged in the middle and lower part of the outer side surface, and cylinder ear plates are arranged in front and behind the groove (1.4); the front part is an anti-skid cylinder sleeve (1.3) arranged in an up-and-down direction; and the upper part is provided with a top support beam connecting ear plate and a lifting cylinder connecting ear plate.

3. A steep slope assist system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top support beam (2) is in the shape of a double-sided broken line, with a hinge hole provided at one end and a cylindrical deep hole provided inside the other end; the piston rod end of the top support oil cylinder (4) is installed in the cylindrical deep hole of the top support beam (2) with the piston rod end facing inward and the cylinder barrel end facing outward, and the piston rod is axially limited by a pin shaft.

4. A steep slope assist system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A cylinder ear plate is provided at the corner of the top support beam (2); the connecting hole (2.1) of the cylinder ear plate is a long hole type, and a detachable limit block (2.2) is provided in the connecting hole (2.1).

5. The steep slope assist system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top support boot (5) comprises a spherical cap (5.3) and a circular connecting sleeve (5.2), an anchor nail (5.1) is arranged on the top of the spherical cap (5.3), and the circular connecting sleeve (5.2) is installed on the top support oil cylinder (4).

6. A steep slope assist system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-skid oil cylinder (6) is installed in the anti-skid oil cylinder sleeve (1.3) at the front of the base (1) with the piston rod end facing upward and the cylinder barrel end facing downward, and the piston rod of the anti-skid oil cylinder (6) is axially limited by a pin shaft.

7. A steep slope assist system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Anchor nails are arranged on the plane of the cylinder end of the anti-skid oil cylinder (6).

8. A method for tunneling a steep slope tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: The tunnel boring machine (10) includes a general tunnel boring mode and a steep-slope tunnel boring mode; The tunnel boring machine (10) is in a steep-slope tunnel excavation mode; a steep-slope auxiliary system as claimed in claim 4 is installed on the left and right sides of the tunnel boring machine (10) respectively. The steep-slope auxiliary system is installed on the outer side of the track frame of the tunnel boring machine (10) by nesting the "U"-shaped installation groove (1.1) of the inner side fixing plate of the base (1), and the base (1) is fixed to the track frame by bolts passing through the bolt holes (1.2). The steep-slope auxiliary systems on the left and right sides of the tunnel boring machine (10) are symmetrical.

9. The tunneling method of a steep slope tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steep-slope tunnel excavation mode of the tunnel boring machine (10) includes an equipment mobilization state, a cutting state, and a tunnel boring machine anti-slip state; In the equipment mobilization state, an anchor rod is driven into the bottom plate at the front or rear of the tunnel boring machine (10), and the anchor rod head and the piston rod end pin of the traction cylinder (7) are connected through a round link chain; the lifting cylinder (3), the top support cylinder (4), and the anti-skid cylinder (6) on the left and right sides of the tunnel boring machine (10) are operated to fully retract, and the top support beam (1) is laid flat; the tunnel boring machine (10) is operated to move, and the traction cylinder (7) is operated to retract at the same time, and the traction cylinder (7) uses the anchor rod as a fulcrum to assist in traction of the tunnel boring machine (10), thereby realizing equipment mobilization. In the cutting state, the left and right lifting cylinders (3) are operated to fully extend the piston rods, and the left and right top support beams (2) are swung to the highest position; in the downhill cutting state, the limit blocks (2.2) are installed in the connection holes (2.1) of the cylinder ear plates on the top support beams (2); in the uphill cutting state, the limit blocks (2.2) in the connection holes (2.1) of the cylinder ear plates on the top support beams (2) are removed; then the left and right top support cylinders (4) are operated to extend the piston rods until the top support boots (5) on the top of the top support cylinders (4) support the top plate of the tunnel, so that the ramp of the tunnel boring machine (10) is stable, and then the cutting operation is carried out; When the tunnel boring machine is in the anti-skid state, when tunneling uphill, the rear support legs of the tunnel boring machine (10) tightly support the bottom plate to prevent backward sliding; when tunneling downhill, the left and right anti-skid oil cylinders (6) are operated to extend and step on the tunnel bottom plate, thereby preventing the tunnel boring machine (10) from sliding forward.

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