Abrasion acceleration test system and method for spindle seat, drive plate and sliding block of multi-specification knitting machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-specification braiding machine spindle seat, drive plate and slide block wear acceleration test system and method, and belongs to the technical field of silk thread braiding machine product inspection. Comprising a test bench support, and the test bench support is provided with a friction behavior simulation mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a multifunctional working condition monitoring system. The device can simulate the stress and wear conditions of the spindle seat, the drive plate and the slide block in the real operation process of different models of knitting machines. The mechanism can rapidly carry out accelerated failure tests of the spindle seat, the drive plate and the slide block, and can carry out frictional wear tests of spindle seats, drive plates and slide blocks of braiding machines with multiple models / diameters on the same equipment by adjusting the axis distance. Besides, the optimal material matching among the spindle seat, the driving plate and the sliding block under the working conditions of different models, different materials, different rotating speeds and the like can be analyzed, meanwhile, vibration and noise in the operation process of the knitting machine are monitored, the functions are comprehensive, and an effective tool is provided for research, development and testing of the knitting machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of silk thread braiding machines, and in particular to a wear acceleration testing system and method for spindle seats, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines. Background Art

[0002] Braiding machines are common equipment in the textile industry. They are mainly used for braiding ropes, mesh tubes, and glass fiber casings. Applicable raw materials include PET, chemical fiber, yarn, nylon multifilament, polypropylene filament, nylon, glass fiber, etc.

[0003] On a braiding machine, the spindle seat is a key component for installing and fixing the spindle. During the braiding process, the silk thread is drawn out from the spindle on the spindle seat and guided to the braiding area through the wire hole and other components. The spindle seat is installed in the dial groove on the braiding machine workbench and is in direct contact with the dial. When the braiding machine is running, the rotation of the spindle seat and the extrusion with the dial will cause wear on the dial and the spindle seat. In addition, the slider under the spindle seat is constrained by the annular groove to make an "8"-shaped movement. The high-speed operation of the gear causes the slider and the annular groove to squeeze each other and cause wear; the wear caused by long-term operation will cause the slider or spindle to fail, and it needs to be replaced frequently, which seriously affects the operation efficiency and life of the braiding machine. At present, the running-in test between the spindle seat and the spindle is carried out by the manufacturer through actual machine operation, which takes a long time and produces relatively loud noise during operation. In addition, there is a lack of universal test equipment for the friction and wear between the spindle seat and the dial of multiple models of braiding machines, and the test range is limited, which cannot meet the material optimization needs of different models of braiding machines. At the same time, there is little research on the wear characteristics and optimization solutions of the spindle seat and dial materials, which limits the improvement of the braiding machine performance and the extension of its service life. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a wear acceleration test system and method for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specifications braiding machines are provided to simulate the stress and friction wear of the spindles and spindles during the actual operation of the braiding machine. The friction and wear tests of spindles and spindles of braiding machines of multiple models / diameters on the same equipment can be implemented through the variable diameter structure. Not only can the best material match between the spindle seat and the spindle be found, but also the vibration and noise during the operation of the braiding machine can be monitored. The system has comprehensive functions and provides an effective tool for the research and development and testing of braiding machines.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines, including a test bench bracket, on which a friction behavior simulation mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a multi-functional working condition monitoring system are respectively provided; The friction behavior simulation mechanism includes an upper plate cover, on which a replaceable dial group to be tested, a spindle to be tested, a suspension bracket, an infrared temperature measuring device and a vibration measuring system are arranged, the dial group to be tested includes an active dial and a driven dial, the active dial and the driven dial are movably connected to the upper plate cover through shafts respectively, the active dial and the driven dial are arranged side by side, and a track matching the active dial and the driven dial is arranged on the upper plate cover below the active dial and the driven dial, and three slots are arranged at intervals of ° on the outer edge of the disk surface of the active dial and the driven dial, and it is ensured that the slots on the active dial and the driven dial are aligned when they are rotated to the intersection; three load devices simulating spindles are arranged through the six slots on the active dial and the driven dial, and on the active dial, a load device simulating spindles is arranged. The dial and the driven dial track move in an "8" shape to simulate the operation of the spindle of the knitting machine. The active dial and the driven dial maintain dynamic balance during the rotation process, so that each load device can move back and forth between the active dial and the driven dial and ensure that the movement process is continuous and smooth; the suspension bracket includes a vertical rod vertically arranged on the upper plate cover through a support block, the vertical rod is movably connected to a cross rod through a clamping block, and a rotating joint is provided on the cross rod, and the rotating joint is respectively connected to the top of the three load devices through three elastic connectors; the vertical rod is vertically installed on the support block through a threaded connection to ensure the stability of the device, and the clamping block is used to fix the cross rod on the vertical rod, so as to keep the relative position of the two unchanged; The transmission mechanism includes a power source and a driven wheel combination, wherein the driven wheel combination includes a fixed guide wheel, and a driven wheel, a driving wheel, a first tensioning wheel and a second tensioning wheel whose positions are independently adjustable, wherein the power source drives the driving wheel through a chain, the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate through the chain, and tensions the chain through the movable first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel; the driven wheel and the driving wheel are respectively connected to and driven by the driven dial and the driving dial, and the driven wheel and the driving wheel adjust the position spacing according to the driven dials and the driving dials of different specifications installed, so that the driven dials and the driving dials can work in matching manner, thereby realizing the installation and testing of different models of knitting machine dials and spindles, improving the flexibility and application scope of the test, and carrying out performance tests of different models of spindles and spindle seats on the same equipment.

[0006] Furthermore, the power source of the transmission mechanism includes a servo motor, the driving shaft of the servo motor is connected to a small sprocket, the driven wheel assembly includes a guide wheel, a driven wheel, a driving wheel, a first tensioning wheel and a second tensioning wheel which are respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the guide wheel is connected through a fixed guide wheel support seat bearing, the driven wheel and the driving wheel are both arranged on a movable nut of a screw whose position can be manually adjusted through bearings, the first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel are both arranged in a guide rail through a sliding block, wherein the driving wheel is a double-row sprocket structure, the small sprocket is connected to the lower row sprocket of the driving wheel through a second chain, and the second chain is tensioned after the position is adjusted on the screw through the first tensioning wheel; the guide wheel, the driven wheel, the driving wheel and the second tensioning wheel are mutually connected through a first chain, wherein the first chain is successively connected to the driving wheel, the guide wheel, the driven wheel and the second tensioning wheel, wherein the driven wheel and the driving wheel are driven by the first chain, and the driven wheel and the driving wheel reverse synchronously.

[0007] Furthermore, the elastic connecting member includes a rigid rod, a connecting spring and a spring adjusting device, wherein the tail end of the rigid rod is connected to the connecting spring, and the other end of the connecting spring is connected to the spring adjusting device, and the spring adjusting device includes a bolt whose end is connected to the connecting spring, and a hollow connecting tube is connected to the middle part of the bolt through a nut and a bearing, and a bearing and a retaining spring are installed on the boss on the bottom surface of the nut, and the retaining spring fixes the bearing behind the nut, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the hollow connecting tube through an interference fit, and the end of the hollow connecting tube is connected to the load device through a hook, and the tension of the connecting spring is adjusted by rotating the nut so that the tension of the spring is kept within the design test value range to simulate the eccentric tension of the tested spindle during operation in actual work. In addition, by simply adjusting the preload of the spring, wear tests can be carried out under different eccentric forces on the spindle seat, thereby simulating the stress conditions of the spindle seat during the actual operation of the knitting machine, and truly reflecting the friction and wear characteristics of different models of dials and spindle seats under different load conditions.

[0008] Further, the load device includes a spindle seat with a slider at the bottom, a counterweight block which can be increased or decreased and connected by a fastening bolt is connected to the spindle seat through a spindle seat shaft, a hanging ear connected to a hook at the end of a hollow connecting pipe is provided at the top of the counterweight block, all the counterweight blocks are arranged on the spindle seat, the spindle seat shaft cooperates with a slot on the dial group to be measured, the load device is clamped in the slot through the spindle seat shaft, so that the slider under the spindle seat matches the track, the slider can rotate freely, and is clamped in the "8"-shaped track on the upper plate cover as a guide block, so that the load device imitates the spindle running along the track, simulating the operation of the spindle seat of the knitting machine; When the active dial and the driven dial rotate, the spindle seat in the dial slot is driven to move, and the slider at the bottom of the spindle seat slides in the track inside the upper plate cover. The track constrains the movement trajectory of the slider, thereby guiding the spindle seat to move along an "8"-shaped trajectory, so that the spindle seat reciprocates in the slots of the active dial and the driven dial, and can move from the slot of one dial to the slot of another dial at the intersection of the active dial and the driven dial according to the movement trajectory; in addition, by adding or reducing the number of counterweights, experiments are conducted to simulate spindles with different loads.

[0009] Furthermore, the driven wheel and the driving wheel are movably connected to the screw-nut pair through bearings, wherein bearing seats and support shafts are provided at both ends of the screw, the movable nut is arranged on the screw, the tensioning wheel shaft is installed on the sliding block, the bottom of the sliding block is installed on the guide rail, the sliding block and the positioning seat are connected by a spring, and the first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel can move in the horizontal direction by adjusting the compression or extension of the spring, thereby realizing elastic adjustment of the tensioning force of the first chain and the second chain, and the sliding block is provided with a positioning pin for accurately positioning and fixing the position of the first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel.

[0010] Furthermore, a stepped shaft is provided on the rotary joint, and three bearings matching the number of the load devices are provided under the stepped shaft, retaining rings are provided between the bearings, a sleeve is provided on the outside of the bearing, and a lifting ring is processed under the sleeve, and the three lifting rings are respectively connected to three elastic connectors; for wear experiments on braiding machines of different models, according to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread weaving point on the braiding machine, the relative position of the rotary joint and the load device is changed by adjusting the position of the clamp on the vertical rod, so that the distance between the two is equal to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread weaving point, ensuring that the test conditions are consistent with the actual working conditions and more realistically reflecting the changes in dynamic friction performance.

[0011] Further, the vibration measurement system is four acceleration sensors arranged at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the measuring dial group, wherein two acceleration sensors are arranged at both sides of the intersection of the "8"-shaped track, and two acceleration sensors are arranged at both ends of the "8"-shaped motion track; The infrared temperature measuring device includes a cooling fan and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices arranged next to the active dial and the driven dial. The infrared temperature measuring device performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle base and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than the preset normal temperature threshold, the cooling fan is turned on to cool down the dial group being tested.

[0012] An analysis method for a wear acceleration test system of a multi-specification knitting machine spindle, a dial and a slider, the steps are as follows: S1. Before conducting friction performance analysis, first adjust the relevant parameters of the device according to the braiding machine to be tested: ensure that the tension of the chain is moderate by adjusting the position of the lead screw and the first tension wheel and the second tension wheel in the transmission mechanism, and adjust the center distance between the driving wheel and the driven wheel to adapt to the size and installation requirements of the dial group of different models to be tested; at the same time, by adjusting the position of the clamp on the vertical rod, ensure that the distance between the rotary joint and the load device is consistent with the distance between the actual braiding machine spindle and the silk thread braiding point. The three ears on the rotary joint are connected to the three load devices respectively to ensure that the three load devices will not be entangled when performing the "8" shape movement, thereby simulating the real working conditions; S2. The servo motor drives the active wheel to rotate, driving the active dial and the driven dial in the dial group to be tested to operate synchronously; the spindle seat slides along the track driven by the dial slot, simulating the movement process of the knitting machine spindle from one dial area to another dial area in actual work; the load device flexibly adjusts the load on the spindle seat by adding or reducing the number of counterweights to simulate the friction behavior under different loads; by gradually increasing the load, the change law of the friction force between the spindle seat and the dial, as well as the wear characteristics under high load conditions, are tested; in addition, by adjusting the preload of the elastic connector, the size of the eccentric force is adjusted to ensure that the test bench can truly simulate the eccentric tension of the spindle seat in actual work.

[0013] Furthermore, in actual work, since the contact wear between the spindle seat and the tested dial group mainly occurs in the following three parts: first, the contact wear between the dial and the upper and lower surfaces of the spindle seat; second, the wear between the card slot around the dial and the spindle seat shaft due to impact and rotation; third, the sliding wear between the slider at the bottom of the spindle seat and the upper plate cover guide rail, the analysis scheme of the friction performance between the spindle seat and the dial on any tested knitting machine includes the following three detection parts: Wear detection of different materials matching: used to study the influence mechanism of material hardness on the wear and damage of spindle seat and dial material. The materials of the tested dial group include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The material of the spindle seat is usually No. 1 steel, Cr, and the material of the slider is No. 1 steel, powder metallurgy. Different materials are processed into spindle seats, tested dial groups and sliders that meet the part size requirements; Wear test under different loads: detect the transformation mechanism of wear and damage behavior of spindle seat and tested dial assembly materials with load, i.e. counterweight; Wear test with changing speed: Check the influence of the speed of the tested dial group on the wear and damage behavior of the spindle seat, the tested dial group itself and the slider; set the moving speed of the spindle to 1.5-2m / s, then the speed of the dial is 190-255 r / min, and then calculate the speed range of the servo motor according to the transmission ratio; In order to evaluate the wear performance and fatigue characteristics of different materials under specific working conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle and the slider is first measured using a profilometer. On the contact surface between the spindle shaft and the dial slot, a roughness measurement point is selected at equal intervals along the circumference and measured along the axial direction. On the contact surface between the slider and the track, a position is selected on the slider and measured along the circumferential direction. The measurement results are averaged. After the analysis, the microscopic analysis technology is used to observe the surface wear morphology of the tested spindle seat, the tested dial set and the slider. The wear scar morphology of the spindle seat, the tested dial set and the slider surface is preliminarily observed to quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area. Then, the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope are used to observe the wear scar area with higher resolution, and the microscopic morphology of the key area is observed, focusing on analyzing the microstructural characteristics and wear mechanism of the wear surface; Vibration tests were performed using accelerometers mounted on the upper plate cover to evaluate the performance of different materials and structures during the wear phase.

[0014] Furthermore, the vibration test steps are as follows: using four acceleration sensors to collect the vibration signals generated during the test in real time, and performing frequency and time domain analysis on the vibration data; extracting the spectral characteristics of the vibration signals through Fourier transform (FFT), quantifying the changes in the vibration amplitude, analyzing the similarities and differences of vibration signals at different positions, and identifying the characteristic frequencies related to material wear failure during the wear process to characterize the differences in vibration characteristics caused by wear or structural imbalance; When testing different materials, different loads and different speed conditions, a group of tested dial groups, spindle seats and sliders of selected materials are selected, and different speed conditions of the tested dial group are set under fixed load conditions. During the experiment, vibration signals are collected at different intervals and surface roughness is measured. The vibration characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the acceleration sensor on the upper plate cover and the change trends of the surface roughness of the spindle seat, the tested dial group and the slider are recorded, and the influence of the speed on the material vibration characteristics and wear performance of the spindle seat, the tested dial group and the slider is analyzed; After determining the speed and load conditions, repeatedly replace the dials, spindle seats and sliders of different materials, collect vibration signals and wear data, and compare the vibration resistance and wear resistance of different material combinations under the same load and speed conditions; after determining the speed and material conditions, replace different counterweights to change the load conditions of the tested spindles, and study the impact of the load changes of the tested spindles on the vibration characteristics and wear performance under the same material and speed conditions; Combined with the test running time, the measuring points of different acceleration sensors under different materials, rotation speeds and load conditions are compared and analyzed to obtain the change law of vibration signal characteristics with wear time. The vibration signal characteristics include dominant frequency and amplitude growth rate; at the same time, the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial and slider at different wear time points is measured, and the correlation between the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial and slider and the change of vibration intensity is analyzed. The surface roughness and vibration intensity growth characteristics of the spindle seat, dial and slider under the same rotation speed and load conditions of different materials are further compared; a correlation model between the vibration signal of the acceleration sensor and the wear performance is established, and the vibration and wear resistance of the material under different rotation speeds, loads and wear times are comprehensively evaluated. According to specific application requirements, the material type and hardness level suitable for the working environment are selected to provide a scientific basis for improving the service life of the actual braiding machine; A non-contact infrared temperature measuring device is used to perform real-time temperature detection on the spindle seat and the dial. When the temperature is higher than the temperature range during normal operation, the cooling fan is turned on for cooling. The sealed box where the transmission mechanism is located is filled with oil, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the transmission mechanism. Even if the oil temperature rises or the performance decreases after long-term operation, the normal heat dissipation and lubrication effects can be restored by regularly replacing the oil, thereby ensuring that the environment of the wear test is close to the actual working conditions.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention designs a research scheme for accelerated wear, which can observe the wear morphology changes of the spindle seat, the dial assembly and the slider in a relatively short time, analyze their failure forms, significantly shorten the experimental cycle, and improve research efficiency.

[0016] 2. The present invention provides an adjustable transmission mechanism, which can adjust the center distance between the driving wheel and the driven wheel to adapt to dials and spindles of different specifications, and can simulate complex friction behaviors under different working conditions (such as speed, load and material combination) on the same test bench, providing a more comprehensive experimental verification method.

[0017] 3. The present invention takes into account that the load device will be subjected to eccentric force during operation. By designing and combining the use of elastic connectors and rotary joints, the eccentric force in actual working conditions can be accurately simulated in the test and ensure that the three load devices will not be entangled when performing an "8" shape movement, thereby simplifying the operation process of the equipment and improving the reliability and safety of the test.

[0018] 4. Taking into account the wear performance and vibration characteristics of the materials, a detailed analysis scheme for the spindle and dial of the braiding machine is provided, which can more accurately evaluate the wear resistance and reliability of the spindle, dial group and slider of the braiding machine made of different materials under actual working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the accelerated wear experiment scheme flow of a multi-specification braiding machine spindle and dial wear accelerated test method of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the wear detection and analysis process of a wear acceleration test method for spindle seats and dials of a multi-specification knitting machine according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wear acceleration test system of the spindle seat, dial and slider of the multi-specification braiding machine in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the spindle seat, dial and slider wear acceleration test system of multiple specifications of braiding machines in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tensioning device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a center distance adjustment device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a friction behavior simulation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a partial enlarged view of the friction simulation mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a load device in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of a rotary joint in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of a spring connector in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 Schematic diagram of a multifunctional working condition monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: friction behavior simulation mechanism 1, transmission mechanism 2, multifunctional working condition monitoring system 3, test bench bracket 4, support block 11, vertical rod, 12, clamping block 13, cross bar 14, rotary joint 15, elastic connector 16, load device 17, shaft 18, dial group 19, active dial 1911, upper plate cover 110, slot 19111, track 1101, driven dial 192, sleeve 151, stepped shaft 152, bearing 153, retaining ring 154, lifting ring 1511, rigid part 161, connecting spring 162, bolt 163, nut 164, bearing 165, retaining ring 166, hollow connecting pipe 167, hanging ear 171, fastening bolt 172, counterweight 173, spindle seat 174, spindle seat shaft 1741, slider 17 5. Guide wheel support seat 21, guide wheel 22, first chain 23, center distance adjustment device 24, second chain 25, servo motor 26, small sprocket 27, tensioning device 28, first tensioning wheel 281, second tensioning wheel 282, tensioning device handwheel 283, positioning seat 284, screw 285, spring 286, tensioning wheel bearing 287, smooth shaft 288, guide rail 289, positioning pin 2810, sliding block 2811, center distance adjustment handwheel 241, bearing seat 242, bearing seat screw 243, screw 244, driven wheel 245, driving wheel 246, support shaft 247, moving nut 248, acceleration sensor 31, cooling fan 32, infrared temperature measuring device 33, vibration measurement system 34, host computer 35. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention discloses a multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial and slider wear acceleration test system, including a test bench bracket 4, on which a friction behavior simulation mechanism 1, a transmission mechanism 2 and a multi-functional working condition monitoring system 3 are respectively provided; like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the friction behavior simulation mechanism 1 includes an upper plate cover 110, on which a replaceable dial set 19 to be tested, a spindle to be tested, a suspension bracket, an infrared temperature measuring device 33 and a vibration measuring system 34 are arranged, the dial set 19 to be tested includes an active dial 191 and a driven dial 192, the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are movably connected to the upper plate cover 110 through a shaft 18, and the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are arranged side by side. The upper plate cover below the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 is provided with a track 1101 matching the two. The active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are both provided with three slots 1911 at intervals of 120° on the outer edge of the disk surface, and ensure that the slots 1911 on the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are aligned when they rotate to the intersection; three simulated The load device 17 of the spindle is moved in an "8" shape between the track 1101 of the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 to simulate the operation of the spindle of the knitting machine. The active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 maintain dynamic balance during the rotation process, so that each load device 17 can move back and forth between the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 and ensure that the movement process is continuous and smooth; the suspension bracket includes a vertical rod 12 vertically arranged on the upper plate cover 110 through a support block 11, the vertical rod 12 is movably connected to a cross bar 14 through a clamping block 13, and a rotating joint 15 is provided on the cross bar 14. The rotating joint 15 is connected to the top of the three load devices 17 through three elastic connecting members 16 respectively; the vertical rod 12 is vertically installed on the support block 11 through a threaded connection to ensure the stability of the device, and the clamping block 13 is used to fix the cross bar 14 on the vertical rod 12, so as to keep the relative position of the two unchanged; like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, Figure 6As shown, the transmission mechanism 2 includes a power source and a driven wheel combination, wherein the driven wheel combination includes a fixed guide wheel 22, and a driven wheel 245, a driving wheel 246, a first tensioning wheel 281 and a second tensioning wheel 282, wherein the power source drives the driving wheel 246 through a chain, and the driving wheel 246 drives the driven wheel 245 to rotate through the chain, and tensions the chain through the movable first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282; the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are connected to the driven dial 192 and the driving dial 191 respectively. The driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are connected and driven, and the position spacing is adjusted according to the driven dials 192 and the driving dials 191 of different specifications installed, so that the driven dials 192 and the driving dials 191 can work in matching manner, thereby realizing the installation and testing of different types of knitting machine dials and spindles, improving the flexibility and application scope of the test, and carrying out performance tests of different types of spindles and spindle seats on the same equipment; the power source of the transmission mechanism 2 includes a servo motor 26, the driving shaft of the servo motor 26 is connected to a small sprocket 27, and the driving wheel assembly includes a guide The guide wheel 22, the driven wheel 245, the driving wheel 246, the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 are respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the guide wheel 22 is connected by a bearing of a fixed guide wheel support seat 21, the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are both arranged on a movable nut 248 of a screw 244 whose position can be manually adjusted through bearings, the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 are both arranged in the guide rail 289 through a sliding block 2811, wherein the driving wheel 246 is a double-row sprocket structure, and the small sprocket 27 is connected by a second chain The guide wheel 22, the driven wheel 245, the driving wheel 246 and the second tensioning wheel 282 are connected to each other through the first chain 23, wherein the first chain 23 is connected to the driving wheel 246, the guide wheel 22, the driven wheel 245 and the second tensioning wheel 282 in sequence, wherein the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are driven by the first chain 23, and the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are synchronously reversed; The driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are movably connected to the screw-nut pair through bearings, wherein bearing seats 242 and support shafts 247 are provided at both ends of the screw 244, and the movable nut 248 is arranged on the screw 244. The tensioning wheel shaft is installed on the sliding block 2811, and the bottom of the sliding block 2811 is installed on the guide rail 289. The sliding block 2811 and the positioning seat 284 are connected by a spring 286. By adjusting the compression or extension of the spring 286, the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 can move in the horizontal direction to realize the elastic adjustment of the tensioning force of the first chain 23 and the second chain 25. The sliding block 2811 is provided with a positioning pin 2810 for accurately positioning and fixing the positions of the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282; like Fig. 9, Fig.10 As shown, the load device 17 includes an ingot seat 174 with a slider 175 at the bottom, and a counterweight block 173 that can be increased or decreased and connected by a fastening bolt 172 is connected to the ingot seat 174 through an ingot seat shaft 1741. The top of the counterweight block 173 is provided with a hanging ear 171 connected to the end of the hollow connecting pipe 167. All the counterweight blocks 173 are arranged on the ingot seat 174, and the ingot seat shaft 1741 cooperates with the slot 1911 on the measured dial group 19. The load device 17 is clamped in the slot 1911 through the ingot seat shaft 1741, so that the slider 175 under the ingot seat 174 matches the track 1101. The slider 175 can rotate freely and is clamped in the "8"-shaped track 1101 on the upper plate cover 111 as a guide block, so that the load device 17 imitates the spindle along the track 1 101 operates to simulate the operation of the spindle seat of the braiding machine; a stepped shaft 152 is provided on the rotary joint 15, and three bearings 153 matching the number of the load device 17 are provided below the stepped shaft 152, and a retaining ring 154 is provided between the bearings 153. A sleeve 151 is provided on the outer side of the bearing 153, and a lifting ring 1511 is processed below the sleeve 151. The three lifting rings are respectively connected to three elastic connectors 16; for wear experiments on braiding machines of different models, according to the distance between the spindle and the braiding point of the braiding machine, the relative position of the rotary joint 15 and the load device 17 is changed by adjusting the position of the clamping block 13 on the vertical rod 12, so that the distance between the two is equal to the distance between the spindle and the braiding point of the silk thread, ensuring that the test conditions are consistent with the actual working conditions and more truly reflecting the changes in dynamic friction performance.

[0022] When the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 rotate, the spindle seat 174 in the dial slot 1911 is driven to move, and the slider 175 at the bottom of the spindle seat slides in the track 1101 in the upper plate cover 110. The track 1101 constrains the movement trajectory of the slider 175, thereby guiding the spindle seat 174 to move along an "8"-shaped trajectory, so that the spindle seat 174 reciprocates in the slots of the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192, and can move from the slot 1911 of one dial to the slot 1911 of another dial at the intersection of the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 according to the movement trajectory; in addition, by adding or reducing the number of counterweights 173, experiments are performed to simulate spindles with different loads.

[0023] like Fig.11As shown, the elastic connecting member 16 includes a rigid rod 161, a connecting spring 162 and a spring adjusting device, wherein the tail end of the rigid rod 161 is connected to the connecting spring 162, and the other end of the connecting spring 162 is connected to the spring adjusting device, and the spring adjusting device includes a bolt 163 connected to the connecting spring 162 at one end, and a hollow connecting pipe 167 is connected to the middle of the bolt 163 through a nut 164 and a bearing 165, and a bearing 165 and a retaining spring 166 are installed on the bottom boss of the nut 164, and the retaining spring 166 fixes the bearing 165 to the rear of the nut 164, and the outer ring of the bearing 165 is fixed by interference fit In the hollow connecting tube 167, the end of the hollow connecting tube 167 is connected to the load device 17 through a hook, and the tension of the connecting spring 162 is adjusted by rotating the nut 164, so that the tension of the spring 162 is maintained within the designed test value range, so as to simulate the eccentric tension of the tested spindle during operation in actual work. In addition, by simply adjusting the preload force of the spring 162, the wear test of the spindle seat under different eccentric forces can be carried out, thereby simulating the stress condition of the spindle seat during the actual operation of the knitting machine, and truly reflecting the friction and wear characteristics of different models of dials and spindle seats under different load conditions.

[0024] like Fig.12 As shown, the vibration measurement system 34 is four acceleration sensors 31 arranged at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the measuring dial group 19, wherein two acceleration sensors 31 are respectively arranged on both sides of the intersection of the "8"-shaped track, and two acceleration sensors 31 are respectively arranged at both ends of the "8"-shaped motion track; the infrared temperature measuring device 33 includes a cooling fan 32 and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices 33 arranged next to the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192. The infrared temperature measuring device 33 performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle seat and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than the preset normal temperature threshold, the cooling fan 32 is turned on to cool down the measured dial group 19.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an analysis method for a wear acceleration test system of a spindle, a dial and a slider of a multi-specification braiding machine, the steps are as follows: four acceleration sensors are reasonably arranged near the dial to be tested, wherein an acceleration sensor 31 is installed on each side of the intersection of the "8"-shaped track, and an acceleration sensor 31 is installed on each end of the "8"-shaped motion track, the acceleration sensor 31 is used to collect the vibration signal generated during the test in real time, and the vibration data is analyzed in the frequency domain and time domain; the frequency spectrum characteristics of the vibration signal are extracted by Fourier transform (FFT), the change of vibration amplitude is quantified, the similarities and differences of vibration signals at different positions are analyzed, the characteristic frequencies related to material wear failure during the wear process are identified, and the vibration characteristic differences caused by wear or structural imbalance are characterized; S1. Before conducting friction performance analysis, first adjust the relevant parameters of the device according to the braiding machine to be tested: ensure that the tension of the chain is moderate by adjusting the positions of the lead screw 244 and the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 in the transmission mechanism, and adjust the center distance between the driving wheel 246 and the driven wheel 245 to adapt to the size and installation requirements of the dial group 19 of different models to be tested; at the same time, by adjusting the position of the clamping block 13 on the vertical rod 12, ensure that the distance between the rotary joint 15 and the load device 17 is consistent with the distance between the actual braiding machine spindle and the silk thread braiding point, and the three ears 171 on the rotary joint 15 are respectively connected to the three load devices 17 to ensure that the three load devices 17 will not be entangled together when performing an "8" shape movement, thereby simulating real working conditions.

[0026] S2. The active wheel 246 is driven to rotate by the servo motor 26, so as to drive the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 in the tested dial group 19 to operate synchronously; the spindle seat 174 slides along the track 1101 driven by the dial slot 1911, simulating the movement process of the knitting machine spindle smoothly transitioning from one dial area to another dial area in actual work; the load device 17 flexibly adjusts the load size on the spindle seat 174 by adding or reducing the number of counterweight blocks 173 to simulate the friction behavior under different loads; by gradually increasing the load, the friction force variation law between the spindle seat 174 and the dial, as well as the wear characteristics under high load conditions are tested; in addition, by adjusting the preload of the elastic connector 16, the size of the eccentric force is adjusted to ensure that the test bench can truly simulate the eccentric tension of the spindle seat in actual work; Since the contact wear between the spindle seat and the tested dial group 19 mainly occurs in the following three parts: first, the contact wear between the dial and the upper and lower surfaces of the spindle seat 174; second, the wear between the clamping groove 1911 around the dial and the spindle seat shaft 1741 due to impact and rotation; third, the sliding wear between the slider 175 at the bottom of the spindle seat 174 and the upper plate cover guide rail 1101, the analysis scheme of the friction performance between the spindle seat and the dial on any tested knitting machine includes the following three detection parts: Wear detection of different materials: used to study the influence mechanism of material hardness on the wear and damage of the spindle seat 175 and the dial material. The materials of the tested dial group 19 include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The material of the spindle seat 174 is usually 45# steel, 40Cr. The material of the slider 175 is 45# steel, powder metallurgy. Different materials are processed into the spindle seat 174, the tested dial group 19 and the slider 175 that meet the part size requirements; Wear test under different loads: to detect the transformation mechanism of the wear and damage behavior of the spindle seat 174 and the tested dial group 19 materials as the load, i.e. the counterweight block 173, changes; Wear test with changing speed: Check the influence of the speed of the tested dial group 19 on the wear and damage behavior of the spindle seat 174, the tested dial group 19 itself and the slider 175; set the moving speed of the spindle to 1.5-2 m / s, then the speed of the dial is 190-255 r / min, and then calculate the speed range of the servo motor according to the transmission ratio; In order to evaluate the wear performance and fatigue characteristics of different materials under specific working conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle seat 174 and the slider 175 is first measured using a profilometer. 6-8 roughness measurement points are selected at equal intervals along the circumference on the contact surface between the spindle seat shaft 1741 and the dial slot for measurement along the axial direction. On the contact surface between the slider 175 and the track, 3-5 positions are selected on the slider 175 for measurement along the circumferential direction. The measurement results are averaged. After the analysis, the microscopic analysis technology is used to observe the surface wear morphology of the tested spindle seat 174, the tested dial group 19 and the slider 175, and the wear scar morphology on the surface of the spindle seat 174, the tested dial group 19 and the slider 175 is preliminarily observed to quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area, and then the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope are used to observe the wear scar area with higher resolution, and the microscopic morphology of the key area is observed, focusing on analyzing the microstructural characteristics and wear mechanism of the wear surface; Embodiment: The test plan for analyzing the friction performance between the spindle and the dial on any type of braiding machine includes the following three parts: 1) Wear test with different material / hardness matching, which is used to study the influence mechanism of hardness on the wear and damage of the spindle and dial materials. In the experimental study, the sample material of the spindle and the dial is usually selected from common cast iron. Commonly used cast iron materials include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The cast iron is processed to the required size by mechanical processing to meet the test requirements. 2) Wear test under different loads, which is used to explore the transformation mechanism of the wear and damage behavior of the spindle and dial materials with the change of load. According to the actual working conditions, the load can be achieved by adding counterweights of different weights to the test bench. 3) Wear test with changing speed, which is used to analyze the influence of working speed on the wear and damage behavior of the material. It is known that the speed of knitting machines on the market is about 50-130r / min, and the moving speed of the spindle can be roughly calculated to be about 0.3-0.8m / s. Considering the needs of the acceleration test, the moving speed of the spindle is roughly set to 1.5-2 m / s, and the approximate speed required for the dial is 190-255 r / min, and then the speed range of the servo motor is calculated according to the transmission ratio. The infrared temperature measuring device 33 is used for automatic temperature measurement and heat dissipation. The infrared temperature measuring device 33 includes a cooling fan 32 and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices 33 arranged next to the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192. The infrared temperature measuring device 33 performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle seat and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than the preset normal temperature threshold, the cooling fan 32 is turned on to cool the dial group 19 under test.

[0027] In order to evaluate the wear performance and fatigue characteristics of different materials and structures under specific working conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle and slider is first measured using a profilometer. On the contact surface between the spindle shaft and the dial slot, 6-8 positions are selected at equal intervals along the circumference for axial measurement. On the contact surface between the slider and the track, 3-5 positions are selected on the slider for circumferential measurement, and the measurement results are averaged.

[0028] After the test, the microscopic analysis technology was used to observe the surface wear morphology of the samples. It was used to preliminarily observe the wear scar morphology on the surface of the spindle seat, dial and slider, and quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area. Then, an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to observe the wear scar area with higher resolution, and the microscopic morphology of the key areas was observed, focusing on analyzing the microstructural characteristics and wear mechanism of the wear surface.

[0029] Vibration tests were performed using a vibration measurement system 34 mounted on the upper plate cover to evaluate the performance of different materials and structures during the wear phase.

[0030] When testing is required for different materials, different loads and different speed conditions, first, a group of dial sets, spindle seats and sliders of selected materials are selected, and different speed conditions of the dial sets are set under fixed load conditions. During the experiment, vibration signals are collected at different intervals and the surface roughness is measured. The vibration characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the acceleration sensors at different measuring points on the upper plate cover and the change trends of the surface roughness of the spindle seats, the dial sets and sliders are recorded, and the influence of the speed on the material vibration characteristics and wear performance of the spindle seats, the dial sets and sliders is analyzed; After determining the speed and load conditions, repeatedly replace the dials, spindle seats and sliders of different materials, collect vibration signals and wear data, and compare the vibration resistance and wear resistance of different material combinations under the same load and speed conditions; after determining the speed and material conditions, replace different counterweights to change the load conditions of the tested spindles, and study the impact of the load changes of the tested spindles on the vibration characteristics and wear performance under the same material and speed conditions; Combined with the test running time, the vibration signal characteristics (such as dominant frequency, amplitude growth rate, etc.) of different measuring points under different materials, rotation speeds and load conditions are compared and analyzed with the change of wear time. At the same time, the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial and slider at different wear time points is measured, and the correlation between the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial and slider and the change of vibration intensity is analyzed. The surface roughness and vibration intensity growth characteristics of the spindle seat, dial and slider under the same rotation speed and load conditions of different materials are further compared. Finally, a correlation model between the vibration signal of the acceleration sensor and the wear performance is established to comprehensively evaluate the material's anti-vibration and anti-wear capabilities under different rotation speeds, loads, and wear times. Based on specific application requirements, the material type and hardness level suitable for the working environment are selected to provide a scientific basis for improving the service life of the actual braiding machine.

Claims

1. A wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification knitting machines, characterized in that: It comprises a test bench bracket (4), on which a friction behavior simulation mechanism (1), a transmission mechanism (2) and a multifunctional working condition monitoring system (3) are respectively provided; The friction behavior simulation mechanism (1) comprises an upper plate cover (110), on which a replaceable dial group (19) to be tested, a spindle to be tested, a suspension bracket, an infrared temperature measuring device (33) and a vibration measuring system (34) are arranged, the dial group (19) to be tested comprises an active dial (191) and a driven dial (192), the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are respectively movably connected to the upper plate cover (110) via a shaft (18), and the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are arranged side by side. The upper plate cover below the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) is provided with a track (1101) matching the two. The active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are both provided with three slots (1911) at intervals of 120° on the outer edges of the dial surfaces, and the slots (1911) on the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are ensured to be aligned when they are rotated to the intersection; three molds are provided through the six slots (1911) on the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192). The load device (17) simulates the spindle, and performs "8"-shaped movement between the tracks (1101) of the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) to simulate the operation of the spindle of the knitting machine. The active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) maintain dynamic balance during the rotation process, so that each load device (17) can reciprocate between the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) and ensure that the movement process is continuous and smooth; the suspension bracket includes a support block (11) vertically arranged on the upper plate cover The vertical rod (12) on the support block (110) is movably connected to the cross rod (14) through a clamping block (13). The cross rod (14) is provided with a rotating joint (15). The rotating joint (15) is respectively connected to the top ends of three load devices (17) through three elastic connecting members (16). The vertical rod (12) is vertically mounted on the support block (11) through a threaded connection to ensure the stability of the device. The clamping block (13) is used to fix the cross rod (14) on the vertical rod (12) so as to keep the relative positions of the two unchanged. The transmission mechanism (2) comprises a power source and a driven wheel assembly, wherein the driven wheel assembly comprises a fixed guide wheel (22), and a driven wheel (245), a driving wheel (246), a first tensioning wheel (281), and a second tensioning wheel (282) whose positions are independently adjustable, wherein the power source drives the driving wheel (246) via a chain, the driving wheel (246) drives the driven wheel (245) to rotate via the chain, and tensions the chain via the movable first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282); the driven wheel (245), the driving wheel (246) and the first tensioning wheel (281) are movable. The driven wheel (246) is respectively connected to and driven by the driven dial (192) and the active dial (191); the driven wheel (245) and the active wheel (246) adjust the position spacing according to the driven dials (192) and the active dials (191) of different specifications installed, so that the driven dials (192) and the active dials (191) can work in matching manner, thereby realizing the installation and testing of different types of knitting machine dials and spindles, improving the flexibility and application scope of the test, and carrying out performance tests of different types of spindles and spindle seats on the same device.

2. The wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and slide blocks of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power source of the transmission mechanism (2) includes a servo motor (26), the driving shaft of the servo motor (26) is connected to a small sprocket (27), the driving wheel assembly includes a guide wheel (22), a driven wheel (245), a driving wheel (246), a first tensioning wheel (281) and a second tensioning wheel (282) which are respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the guide wheel (22) is connected to a guide wheel support seat (21) with a fixed position through a bearing, the driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are both arranged on a movable nut (248) of a lead screw (244) whose position can be manually adjusted through bearings, the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282) are both arranged in a guide rail (289) through a sliding block (2811), wherein the driving wheel (24 6) is a double-row sprocket structure, the small sprocket (27) is connected to the lower row sprocket of the driving wheel (246) through the second chain (25), and the second chain (25) is tensioned after adjusting the position on the lead screw (244) through the first tensioning wheel (281); the guide wheel (22), the driven wheel (245), the driving wheel (246) and the second tensioning wheel (282) are connected to each other through the first chain (23), wherein the first chain (23) is connected to the driving wheel (246), the guide wheel (22), the driven wheel (245) and the second tensioning wheel (282) in sequence, wherein the driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are driven by the first chain (23), and the driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are synchronously reversed.

3. The wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic connecting member (16) comprises a rigid rod (161), a connecting spring (162) and a spring adjusting device, wherein the rear end of the rigid rod (161) is connected to the connecting spring (162), the other end of the connecting spring (162) is connected to the spring adjusting device, the spring adjusting device comprises a bolt (163) whose end is connected to the connecting spring (162), the middle part of the bolt (163) is connected to a hollow connecting tube (167) via a nut (164) and a bearing (165), the bearing (165) and a retaining spring (166) are mounted on a boss on the bottom surface of the nut (164), the retaining spring (166) fixes the bearing (165) to the rear of the nut (164), and the bearing (165) The outer ring is fixed in the hollow connecting tube (167) by interference fit, and the end of the hollow connecting tube (167) is connected to the load device (17) by a hook. The tension of the connecting spring (162) is adjusted by rotating the nut (164) so ​​that the tension of the spring (162) is kept within the design test value range to simulate the eccentric tension of the spindle under test in actual work. In addition, by simply adjusting the preload of the spring (162), a wear test can be carried out under different eccentric forces on the spindle seat, thereby simulating the force of the spindle seat during the actual operation of the knitting machine, and truly reflecting the friction and wear characteristics of different models of dials and spindle seats under different load conditions.

4. The wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The load device (17) comprises an ingot seat (174) with a slider (175) at the bottom, a counterweight (173) which can be increased or decreased and connected by a fastening bolt (172) is connected to the ingot seat (174) via an ingot seat shaft (1741), a hanging ear (171) connected to a hook at the end of a hollow connecting pipe (167) is provided at the top of the counterweight (173), all the counterweights (173) are arranged on the ingot seat (174), and the ingot seat shaft (1741) is connected to the dial assembly (167) to be tested. 9), the load device (17) is clamped in the clamping groove (1911) through the spindle seat shaft (1741), so that the slider (175) below the spindle seat (174) matches the track (1101), and the slider (175) can rotate freely and be clamped in the "8"-shaped track (1101) on the upper plate cover (111) as a guide block, so that the load device (17) imitates the spindle to run along the track (1101), simulating the operation of the spindle seat of the knitting machine; When the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) rotate, the spindle seat (174) in the dial slot (1911) is driven to move, and the slider (175) at the bottom of the spindle seat slides in the track (1101) in the upper plate cover (110). The track (1101) constrains the movement trajectory of the slider (175), thereby guiding the spindle seat (174) to move along an "8"-shaped trajectory, so that the spindle seat (174) reciprocates in the slots of the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192), and can move from the slot (1911) of one dial to the slot (1911) of another dial at the intersection of the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) according to the movement trajectory; in addition, by adding or reducing the number of counterweights (173), spindles with different loads can be simulated for experiments.

5. The wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and slide blocks of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are movably connected to the lead screw and nut pair via bearings, wherein bearing seats (242) and support shafts (247) are provided at both ends of the lead screw (244), the movable nut (248) is arranged on the lead screw (244), the tensioning wheel shaft is installed on the sliding block (2811), the bottom of the sliding block (2811) is installed on the guide rail (289), the sliding block (2811) and the positioning seat (284) are connected via a spring (286), and the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282) can be moved in the horizontal direction by adjusting the compression or extension of the spring (286), thereby realizing elastic adjustment of the tensioning force of the first chain (23) and the second chain (25), and the sliding block (2811) is provided with a positioning pin (2810) for accurately positioning and fixing the positions of the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282).

6. The wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and slide blocks of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A stepped shaft (152) is provided on the rotary joint (15), three bearings (153) whose number matches that of the load device (17) are provided below the stepped shaft (152), retaining rings (154) are provided between the bearings (153), a sleeve (151) is provided outside the bearing (153), a lifting ring (1511) is processed below the sleeve (151), and the three lifting rings are respectively connected to three elastic connecting members (16); for wear experiments on braiding machines of different models, the relative position of the rotary joint (15) and the load device (17) is changed by adjusting the position of the clamping block (13) on the vertical rod (12) according to the distance between the spindle and the braiding point of the silk thread on the braiding machine, so that the distance between the two is equal to the distance between the spindle and the braiding point of the silk thread, thereby ensuring that the test conditions are consistent with the actual working conditions and more realistically reflecting the changes in dynamic friction performance.

7. The multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial and slider wear acceleration test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration measurement system (34) is composed of four acceleration sensors (31) arranged at upper, lower, left and right positions of the measuring dial assembly (19), wherein two acceleration sensors (31) are respectively arranged at both sides of the intersection of the "8"-shaped track, and two acceleration sensors (31) are respectively arranged at both ends of the "8"-shaped motion track; The infrared temperature measuring device (33) comprises a cooling fan (32) and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices (33) arranged beside the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192). The infrared temperature measuring device (33) performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle seat and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than a preset normal temperature threshold value, the cooling fan (32) is turned on to cool down the dial group (19) being detected.

8. An analysis method using the wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of a multi-specification knitting machine as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Before conducting friction performance analysis, first adjust the relevant parameters of the device according to the braiding machine to be tested: by adjusting the positions of the lead screw (244) and the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282) in the transmission mechanism, ensure that the tension of the chain is moderate, and adjust the center distance between the driving wheel (246) and the driven wheel (245) to adapt to the size and installation requirements of the dial group (19) of different models to be tested; at the same time, by adjusting the position of the clamping block (13) on the vertical rod (12), ensure that the distance between the rotary joint (15) and the load device (17) is consistent with the distance between the actual braiding machine spindle and the silk thread braiding point, and the three hanging ears (171) on the rotary joint (15) are respectively connected to the three load devices (17) to ensure that the three load devices (17) will not be entangled when performing "8"-shaped movement, thereby simulating real working conditions; S2. The servo motor (26) drives the driving wheel (246) to rotate, thereby driving the driving dial (191) and the driven dial (192) in the tested dial group (19) to operate synchronously. The spindle seat (174) slides along the track (1101) driven by the dial slot (1911), simulating the movement process of the spindle of the knitting machine smoothly transitioning from one dial area to another dial area in actual work. The load device (17) flexibly adjusts the load on the spindle seat (174) by adding or reducing the number of counterweights (173) to simulate the friction behavior under different loads. By gradually increasing the load, the change law of the friction force between the spindle seat (174) and the dial, as well as the wear characteristics under high load conditions, are tested. In addition, by adjusting the preload of the elastic connector (16), the size of the eccentric force is adjusted to ensure that the test bench can truly simulate the eccentric tension applied to the spindle seat in actual work.

9. The analysis method according to claim 8, characterized in that In actual work, since the contact wear between the spindle seat and the tested dial group (19) mainly occurs in the following three parts: first, the contact wear between the dial and the upper and lower surfaces of the spindle seat (174); second, the wear between the clamping groove (1911) around the dial and the spindle seat shaft (1741) due to impact and rotation; third, the sliding wear between the slider (175) at the bottom of the spindle seat (174) and the upper plate cover guide rail (1101), the analysis scheme of the friction performance between the spindle seat and the dial on an arbitrary tested knitting machine includes the following three detection parts: Wear detection of different materials: used to study the influence mechanism of material hardness on the wear and damage of the spindle seat (175) and the dial material. The materials of the dial group (19) to be tested include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The material of the spindle seat (174) is usually 45# steel, 40Cr. The material of the slider (175) is 45# steel, powder metallurgy. Different materials are processed into the spindle seat (174), the dial group (19) to be tested and the slider (175) that meet the part size requirements; Wear test under different loads: testing the transformation mechanism of the wear and damage behavior of the spindle seat (174) and the tested dial assembly (19) as the load, i.e. the counterweight (173), changes; Wear test by changing the rotation speed: Check the influence of the rotation speed of the tested dial group (19) on the wear and damage behavior of the spindle base (174), the tested dial group (19) itself and the slider (175); set the moving speed of the spindle to 1.5-2 m / s, then the rotation speed of the dial is 190-255 r / min, and then calculate the speed range of the servo motor according to the transmission ratio; In order to evaluate the wear performance and fatigue characteristics of different materials under specific working conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle seat (174) and the slider (175) is first measured using a profilometer, and 6 to 8 roughness measurement points are selected at equal intervals along the circumference on the contact surface between the spindle seat shaft (1741) and the dial slot for measurement in the axial direction, and 3 to 5 positions are selected on the slider (175) for measurement in the circumferential direction on the contact surface between the slider (175) and the track, and the measurement results are averaged; After the analysis is completed, the surface wear morphology of the tested spindle seat (174), the tested dial set (19) and the slider (175) is observed by using microscopic analysis technology, and the wear scar morphology of the spindle seat (174), the tested dial set (19) and the slider (175) is preliminarily observed to quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area, and then the wear scar area is observed at a higher resolution by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and the microscopic morphology of the key area is observed, focusing on analyzing the microstructural characteristics of the wear surface and the wear mechanism; A vibration test is performed by installing an acceleration sensor (31) on the upper plate cover (110) to evaluate the performance of different materials and structures in the wear stage.

10. The analysis method according to claim 9, characterized in that The vibration test steps are as follows: using four acceleration sensors (31) to collect vibration signals generated during the test in real time, and performing frequency domain and time domain analysis on the vibration data; extracting the frequency spectrum characteristics of the vibration signal through Fourier transform (FFT), quantifying the change of vibration amplitude, analyzing the similarities and differences of vibration signals at different positions, identifying the characteristic frequencies related to material wear failure during the wear process, and characterizing the vibration characteristic differences caused by wear or structural imbalance; When testing different materials, different loads and different speed conditions, a group of tested dial sets (19), spindle seats (174) and sliders (175) of selected materials are selected, and different speed conditions of the tested dial sets (19) are set under fixed load conditions. During the experiment, vibration signals are collected at different intervals and surface roughness is measured, and vibration characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the acceleration sensor on the upper plate cover and the change trend of the surface roughness of the spindle seats (174), the tested dial sets (19) and the sliders (175) are recorded, and the influence of the speed on the material vibration characteristics and wear performance of the spindle seats (174), the tested dial sets (19) and the sliders (175) is analyzed; After determining the speed and load conditions, repeatedly replacing the dial, spindle seat (174) and slider (175) of different materials, collecting vibration signals and wear data, and comparing the vibration resistance and wear resistance of different material combinations under the same load and speed conditions; after determining the speed and material conditions, replacing different counterweights (175) to change the load condition of the spindle under test, and studying the influence of the load change of the spindle under test on the vibration characteristics and wear performance under the same material and speed conditions; Combined with the test running time, the measuring points of different acceleration sensors (31) under different materials, rotation speeds and load conditions are compared and analyzed to obtain the change law of vibration signal characteristics with wear time, and the vibration signal characteristics include dominant frequency and amplitude growth rate; at the same time, the surface roughness of the spindle seat (174), the dial and the slider (175) at different wear time points is measured, and the correlation between the surface roughness of the spindle seat (174), the dial and the slider (175) and the change of vibration intensity is analyzed, and the surface roughness and vibration intensity growth characteristics of the spindle seat (174), the dial and the slider (175) of different materials under the same rotation speed and load conditions are further compared; a correlation model between the vibration signal of the acceleration sensor and the wear performance is established, and the vibration and wear resistance of the material under different rotation speeds, loads and wear time are comprehensively evaluated, and according to specific application requirements, the material type and hardness level suitable for the working environment are selected to provide a scientific basis for improving the service life of the actual braiding machine; A non-contact infrared temperature measuring device (33) is used to detect the temperature of the spindle seat and the dial in real time. When the temperature is higher than the temperature range during normal operation, the cooling fan (32) is turned on to cool down. The sealed box where the transmission mechanism is located is filled with oil, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the transmission mechanism. Even if the oil temperature rises or the performance decreases after long-term operation, the normal heat dissipation and lubrication effect can be restored by regularly replacing the oil, thereby ensuring that the environment of the wear test is close to the actual working conditions.

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