Observation device for foam combustion in multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle

Abstract

The invention discloses an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, and relates to the field of foam combustion character observation, the observation device for foam combustion in the multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle is used for observing and obtaining physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam in different air pressure states, and comprises a reaction kettle, an end cover I and an end cover II, cavity cylindrical glass is arranged between the first end cover and the second end cover. An electrode I, an electrode II and an ignition head are sequentially arranged at the bottom end in the cavity cylindrical glass; an observation hole and a high-speed camera are arranged on one side of the reaction kettle; a sliding block is arranged in the reaction kettle and located on the outer side of the cavity cylindrical glass in a sleeving manner, and a gas guide pipe is arranged in the cavity cylindrical glass; and the reaction kettle is also provided with a water valve and a pressure release valve. According to the invention, the stability and combustibility of three-phase foam formed by gas, solid and liquid in a high-pressure state can be observed, and the pressure intensities inside and outside the cavity cylindrical glass can be dynamically balanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of foam combustion property observation, and in particular to a device for observing foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor. Background Art

[0002] The research on three-phase foam has increasingly become the focus of attention in some industries. Foam has the advantages of low fluid density, strong ability to carry solid particles, small filtration loss, little damage to reservoirs, and good plugging effect. Therefore, it is widely used in oil and gas development, coal mining and other fields. In addition, the combustion of three-phase foam can also be used for rock breaking technology in geotechnical engineering. In many projects such as mining and stone mining, foundation pit excavation, tunnel and underground engineering construction, large-scale rock breaking is often required.

[0003] Traditional rock-breaking construction methods are widely used due to their high efficiency, low cost and mature technology. However, traditional rock-breaking construction methods have strong vibrations, which can easily damage key structures and cause safety accidents. They are not easy to use in rock-breaking projects near existing building structures. In this regard, three-item foam has the advantages of being green and energy-controllable, and has received widespread attention in the field of rock excavation. At present, the rock-breaking technology using three-item foam combustion has the problem of being unable to observe the internal foam combustion process, including the stability and combustibility of the foam under high pressure.

[0004] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related technologies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art.

[0006] To this end, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The invention discloses an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, which is used for observing and obtaining the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, and comprises a reactor, wherein end cap 1 and end cap 2 are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the reactor, a cavity cylindrical glass is arranged between the end cap 1 and the end cap 2, and a heat-insulating transparent material is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity cylindrical glass; an electrode 1 and an electrode 2 are arranged in sequence at the inner bottom of the cavity cylindrical glass, and an ignition head is connected to the top of the electrode 1 and the electrode 2; an observation hole is arranged on one side of the reactor, an observation glass is arranged on the side of the observation hole close to the inside of the reactor, and a high-speed camera is arranged at the observation hole; a slider is sleeved on the outer side of the cavity cylindrical glass in the reactor, a gas conduit is arranged inside the cavity cylindrical glass, and the top of the gas conduit penetrates the end cap 1 and extends to the outside of the reactor; a water valve is arranged on one side of the bottom of the reactor, and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the top of the reactor.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to improve the light transmittance, heat resistance, chemical stability and high temperature and high pressure resistance of the hollow cylindrical glass, the components of the hollow cylindrical glass include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium carbonate and boron oxide; sealing ring 1 and sealing ring 2 are arranged between the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass and the bottom end of the reactor.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to install the electrode 1 and the electrode 2, the electrode 1 is connected to the end cap 2 via the nut 1, and the electrode 2 is connected to the end cap 2 via the nut 2.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to fix the observation glass, a pressure plate is provided at a portion of the reactor that is flush with the hollow cylindrical glass, and the pressure plate is connected to the reactor by bolts.

[0010] Furthermore, in order to prevent the water and foam inside the reactor from overflowing, a sealing ring three is arranged between the slider and the inner wall of the reactor, and a sealing ring four is arranged between the slider and the outer wall of the cylindrical glass of the cavity; a sealing ring five is sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the end cover one, and an air hole is arranged at the bottom of the end cover one.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to allow the gas to be distributed more quickly and evenly after entering the reactor, the gas conduit is connected to the reactor through nut three, the end of the gas conduit away from the inside of the reactor is connected to the first end of the three-way joint, the second end of the three-way joint is connected to the pressure sensor, the third end of the three-way joint is connected to one end of the one-way valve, the other end of the one-way valve is connected to a high-pressure air pipe, and the end of the high-pressure air pipe away from the one-way valve is connected to an air compression device; the air compression device includes an air filter connected to the high-pressure air pipe, an air storage tank is arranged on the side of the air filter, the air outlet of the air storage tank is connected to the air filter, and a three-phase motor, a muffler and an electromagnetic switch valve are arranged on the outside of the air storage tank in sequence, and a pressure switch is arranged on the electromagnetic switch valve.

[0012] Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures are observed and obtained, including: Observe the anti-dispersion performance of each group of three-phase foams under different air pressure conditions; obtain the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam under different air pressure conditions by observing the change of the height of the three-phase foam over time; Ignite the ignition head, and obtain the combustion amount of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures by comparing the remaining foam amount after the three-phase foam is burned with the foam amount before the combustion; the combustion performance of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is indicated by the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor; Based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated to obtain the first simulation data; based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated to obtain the second simulation data; The physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam are comprehensively obtained according to the first simulation data, the second simulation data, the anti-dispersion performance of the three-phase foam, the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam, the combustion amount of the three-phase foam and the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor; Among them, based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the second simulation data obtained includes: According to the structure of the reactor, the computational fluid dynamics simulation environment is divided to obtain an unstructured grid; a standard turbulence model is selected, and boundary conditions and initial conditions are set; A computational fluid dynamics simulation is run to obtain second simulation data of the three-phase foam, wherein the second simulation data includes temperature distribution, pressure change, and gas composition during the combustion process of the three-phase foam.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated, and the first simulation data obtained includes: Configure the initial state of three-phase foam combustion in Monte Carlo simulation; use random sampling techniques to generate samples of initial pressure and temperature combinations; The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam is simulated based on the initial gas pressure and temperature combination samples to obtain the initial simulation results, and the initial simulation results include the combustion reaction rate and combustion state of each phase in the three-phase foam under the initial gas pressure and temperature combination samples; Based on the initial simulation results, a response surface model was constructed to predict the effects of gas pressure and temperature combination on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foam. Analyze the uncertainty of the response surface model to identify areas with large prediction errors; identify areas where the pressure and temperature combinations that affect the combustion characteristics of three-phase foams are greater than a preset threshold; Generate new pressure and temperature combination samples based on uncertainty analysis and identification of important areas; Perform incremental simulation of the three-phase foam combustion mechanism based on new pressure and temperature combination samples, obtain new simulation results, and update the response surface model based on the initial simulation results and the new simulation results; The update of the response surface model is iterated, and after the iteration is completed, first simulation data is obtained, and the first simulation data includes the combustion reaction rate and combustion state data of the three-phase foam.

[0014] Furthermore, based on the initial simulation results, the response surface model is constructed including: Determine the type of response surface model and select gas pressure and temperature as input features, combustion rate, combustion heat release and mass change of each component as output responses; The response surface model was trained using the initial simulation result data and the hyperparameters of the response surface model were adjusted. The accuracy and generalization ability of the response surface model were verified by cross-validation.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention comprises a reaction kettle, a hollow cylindrical glass, a pressure sensor, and a high-speed camera. With the aid of the hollow cylindrical glass and the high-speed camera, the stability and combustibility of a three-phase foam formed by gas, solid, and liquid under high pressure can be observed. In addition, due to the height difference between the reaction kettle and the hollow cylindrical glass and the movement of the slider inside the reaction kettle, the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass can reach a dynamic balance. In addition, the 15 mm thick hollow cylindrical glass has high strength and can be used in a high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0016] (2) The present invention can analyze the complex combustion process in detail by observing the anti-dispersion performance, defoaming rate, combustion volume and pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor, combined with Monte Carlo simulation and CFD simulation. Comparing the experimental data with the simulation results helps to verify the accuracy of the simulation model, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of the foam combustion process. This comprehensive analysis method can promote more efficient, safe and economical foam combustion research and engineering applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a principle block diagram of an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an air compression device in an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Reactor; 2. End cover 1; 3. End cover 2; 4. Cavity cylindrical glass; 5. Heat-insulating transparent material; 6. Observation hole; 7. Observation glass; 8. Slider; 9. Air hole; 10. Water valve; 11. Pressure relief valve; 12. Ignition head; 13. Check valve; 14. Three-way joint; 15. Pressure sensor; 16. Gas conduit; 17. Pressure plate; 18. Bolt; 19. Nut 1; 20. Nut 2; 21. Nut 3; 22. Electrode one; 23. Electrode two; 24. Sealing ring one; 25. Sealing ring two; 26. Sealing ring three; 27. Sealing ring four; 28. Sealing ring five; 29. ​​Air compression device; 291. Air storage tank; 292. Three-phase motor; 293. Muffler; 294. Solenoid switch valve; 295. Pressure switch; 296. Air outlet; 297. Air filter; 30. Detonator; 31. High-speed camera; 32. High-pressure air pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, ordinary technicians in the field should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device for observing the combustion of foam in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor is provided. The device relates to the combustion properties of three-phase foam under high-pressure conditions, specifically, a test observation device for the stability and combustibility of three-phase foam formed by gas, solid and liquid under high-pressure conditions. By applying water pressure and air pressure simultaneously to achieve the internal balance of the reactor, and using the recording of a high-speed camera 31, the stability and combustibility of the three-phase foam formed by gas, solid and liquid can be measured under high-pressure conditions.

[0022] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1-3As shown, according to an observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention, the observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor is used to observe and obtain the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, including a reactor 1 (high-temperature and high-pressure reactor), an ignition device is connected below the reactor 1, the top and bottom of the reactor 1 are respectively provided with an end cap 1 2 and an end cap 2 3, a cavity cylindrical glass 4 (high-strength glass, a hollow cylindrical structure) is provided between the end cap 1 2 and the end cap 2 3, and the inner wall of the cavity cylindrical glass 4 is provided with a heat-insulating transparent material 5; the inner bottom end of the cavity cylindrical glass 4 is provided with an electrode 1 22 and an electrode 2 2 in sequence. 3, the top of the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 are connected to the ignition head 12; an observation hole 6 is arranged on one side of the reactor 1, and an observation glass 7 is arranged on the side of the observation hole 6 close to the inside of the reactor 1, and a high-speed camera 31 is arranged at the observation hole 6; a slider 8 is sleeved on the outside of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 in the reactor 1, and a gas conduit 16 is arranged inside the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and the top of the gas conduit 16 passes through the end cover 1 2 and extends to the outside of the reactor 1; a water valve 10 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the reactor 1, and is connected to the external water injection device through the water valve 10; a pressure relief valve 11 is arranged on the top of the reactor 1 to relieve the pressure in the reactor 1 after the test.

[0023] End cap 1 2 is connected to the upper end of the reactor 1, and end cap 2 3 is connected to the lower end of the reactor 1, and both are sealed by threads; the part of end cap 1 2 in the cavity of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 needs to protrude a section of the cylindrical cavity to prevent the foam from diffusing to the outer circle through the pores as much as possible.

[0024] A cylindrical stepped observation hole 6 is provided at the end of the reactor 1, and a cylindrical observation glass 7 is pressed into the step from the inside of the reactor 1, and the part where the observation glass 7 contacts the inside of the reactor 1 is initially fixed by a sealant.

[0025] With the aid of the above scheme, the present invention can observe the stability and combustibility of the three-phase foam formed by gas, solid and liquid under high pressure, and due to the height difference between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4 and the movement of the slider 8 inside the reactor 1, the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 can reach a dynamic balance. In addition, the 15 mm thick hollow cylindrical glass 4 has high strength and can be used in high temperature and high pressure environments.

[0026] In one embodiment, for the hollow cylindrical glass 4, the components of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 include silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and boron oxide (B2O3), wherein SiO2 as the main component accounts for 60%-70%, which improves the structural strength and transparency of the hollow cylindrical glass 4; Al2O3 as the secondary component accounts for 10%-20%, which can increase the mechanical strength and chemical stability of the hollow cylindrical glass 4; In addition, adding an appropriate amount of P2O5, CaCO3 and B2O3 to the process formula of high-aluminum silicate glass can improve the light transmittance, heat resistance and chemical stability of the hollow cylindrical glass 4, which has good high temperature and high pressure resistance. The hollow cylindrical glass 4 is 15 mm thick and has a hollow cylindrical structure. It is inserted into the reactor 1 through the glass groove reserved at the lower end of the reactor 1. The hollow cylindrical glass 4 extends a hollow ring-shaped glass at the lower part to improve the pressure resistance of the lower glass. The hollow ring surface needs to have a through hole for water circulation. A sealing ring 1 24 and a sealing ring 2 25 are provided between the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 and the bottom end of the reactor 1 to seal the lower end of the reactor 1; a layer of heat-insulating transparent material 5 needs to be attached to the inner side of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 to prevent the inner and outer sides of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 from being damaged due to uneven heating; a through hole is required at the upper end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 to facilitate gas passage. The air holes at the upper end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 can diffuse the gas in the inner circle to the outer circle; the movement of the air holes and the slider 8 inside can keep the pressure inside and outside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 in dynamic balance.

[0027] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned electrode 1 22, the electrode 1 22 is connected to the end cap 2 3 through the nut 1 19, and the electrode 2 23 is connected to the end cap 2 3 through the nut 2 20. The end cap 2 3 needs to reserve positions for two electrodes, and the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 are fixed to the end cap 2 3 through the nut 1 19 and the nut 2 20. A part of the electrode is reserved inside and outside the end cap 2 3. The electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 are connected to the wire on one side inside the end cap 2 3, and are connected to the ignition head 12 through the wire; the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 on the inner side of the end cap 2 3 need to be processed with threads to facilitate the fixation of the nut 1 19 and the nut 2 20; the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 are located on the side outside the end cap 2 3 and are connected to the detonating device 30 through the detonating wire.

[0028] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned reactor 1, a pressure plate 17 is provided at the part of the reactor 1 flush with the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and the pressure plate 17 is connected to the reactor 1 by bolts 18. Two square pressure plates 17 are placed at the part of the reactor 1 flush with the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and the pressure plates 17 are fixed to the reactor 1 by bolts 18, thereby fixing the observation glass 7; a sufficient gap needs to be reserved between the two pressure plates 17 to prevent the pressure plates 17 from blocking the observation range of the high-speed camera 31; the high-speed camera 31 is placed on the camera stand, parallel to the observation hole 6, to record the combustion characteristics of the three-phase foam under high pressure. The high-speed camera 31 can realize the function of automatic capture; the camera stand is designed as a rotatable follow-up bracket, which allows the high-speed camera 31 to flexibly adjust the observation range as the pressure and temperature change.

[0029] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned slider 8, a sealing ring 3 26 is provided between the slider 8 and the inner wall of the reactor 1, and a sealing ring 4 27 is provided between the slider 8 and the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical glass 4; a sealing ring 5 28 is sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the end cap 2, and an air hole 9 is provided at the bottom of the end cap 2, so as to prevent the water and foam inside the reactor 1 from overflowing upward. The slider 8 is a hollow annular structure, which is provided between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4; the outer ring and inner ring of the slider 8 and the outer ring of the end cap 2 in the middle of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 need to reserve sealing ring grooves of the sealing ring 3 26, the sealing ring 4 27 and the sealing ring 5 28, respectively, so that the slider 8 can slide up and down between the reactor 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and prevent the water and foam inside the reactor 1 from overflowing upward; the air hole 9 needs to be reserved in the middle of the end cap 2 inside the hollow cylindrical glass 4, so that the gas can smoothly pass through and diffuse to the outer ring when the air pressure is applied.

[0030] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned gas conduit 16, the gas conduit 16 is connected to the reactor 1 through a nut three 21, and a section of thread needs to be protruded and processed on the outer side of the end cover one 2, and the protruding threaded part is for facilitating the fixing of the nut three 21. One end of the gas conduit 16 away from the inside of the reactor 1 is connected to the first end of the three-way joint 14, the second end of the three-way joint 14 is connected to the pressure sensor 15 (pressure sensing device), the third end of the three-way joint 14 is connected to one end of the one-way valve 13 (the one-way valve 13 can prevent the backflow of gas), the other end of the one-way valve 13 is connected to the high-pressure gas pipe 32, and the end of the high-pressure gas pipe 32 away from the one-way valve 13 is connected to the air compression device 29; the air compression device 29 includes an air filter 297 connected to the high-pressure gas pipe 32, a gas storage tank 291 is arranged on the side of the air filter 297, the gas outlet 296 of the gas storage tank 291 is connected to the air filter 297, and a three-phase motor 292, a muffler 293 and an electromagnetic switch valve 294 are arranged on the outside of the gas storage tank 291 in sequence, and a pressure switch 295 is arranged on the electromagnetic switch valve 294.

[0031] The air compression device 29 is an air compressor, which is driven by a three-phase motor 292 to compress the air. The air storage tank 291 can store a certain amount of compressed air to meet the sudden increase in the air consumption of the air-consuming equipment. The main function of the muffler 293 is to reduce the noise generated by the air compression device 29 during operation. In order to control the start and stop of the air compression device 29 and adjust the pressure and flow of the system, the air compression device 29 needs to be equipped with an electromagnetic switch valve 294. A pressure switch 295 is set on the electromagnetic switch valve 294 to control the start and stop of the equipment. In addition, an air filter 297 is installed at the air outlet 296 of the air compression device 29, which can continuously filter the compressed air. The air is filtered and the impurities, moisture and oil mist therein are removed to ensure the purity and dryness of the air; the other end of the air filter 297 is connected to the high-pressure air pipe 32, which is connected to the one-way valve 13 through the high-pressure air pipe 32, and is connected to the three-way joint 14 through the one-way valve 13. The other side of the three-way joint 14 is connected to the pressure sensor 15, and then the last end of the three-way joint 14 is connected to the end cover 2 through the nut 3 21 through the high-pressure air pipe 32; a gas conduit 16 is connected to the inner side of the end cover 2, and the gas conduit 16 is fixed to the end cover 2 by welding; the end cover 2 inside the reactor 1 and the top of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 need to be provided with air holes in the entire circumference, so that the gas can be distributed more quickly and evenly after entering the reactor 1.

[0032] In one embodiment, observing and obtaining the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states includes: The anti-dispersion performance of each group of three-phase foams under different air pressure states was observed; the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam under different air pressure states was obtained by observing the change in the height of the three-phase foam over time.

[0033] Ignite the ignition head 12, and obtain the combustion amount of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states by comparing the remaining foam amount after the three-phase foam is burned and the foam amount before the combustion; the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor 15 represents the combustion performance of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states.

[0034] Based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated to obtain the first simulation data; based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated to obtain the second simulation data.

[0035] According to the first simulation data, the second simulation data, the anti-dispersion performance of the three-phase foam, the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam, the combustion volume of the three-phase foam and the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor 15, the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam are comprehensively obtained.

[0036] Among them, based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method (CFD simulation), the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the second simulation data obtained includes: According to the structure of the reactor 1, the computational fluid dynamics simulation environment is divided to obtain an unstructured grid, ensuring that the unstructured grid can accurately capture the details of flow and combustion in the high-pressure combustion environment in the hollow cylindrical glass 4.

[0037] The standard k-epsilon turbulence model (the turbulence model used in industrial flow calculations) was selected to set the boundary conditions and initial conditions such as the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity of the three-phase foam material and the thermal boundary conditions of the wall.

[0038] A computational fluid dynamics simulation is run to obtain second simulation data of the three-phase foam, wherein the second simulation data includes temperature distribution, pressure change, gas composition, etc. during the combustion process of the three-phase foam.

[0039] In one embodiment, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated, and the first simulation data obtained includes: The initial state of three-phase foam combustion in the Monte Carlo simulation is configured, including the three-phase ratio, initial volume, etc. In addition, the initial range of gas pressure and temperature, simulation time interval, and total duration are also set.

[0040] Generate initial pressure and temperature combination samples using a random sampling technique; these samples should be evenly distributed within a preset range.

[0041] The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam is simulated based on the initial gas pressure and temperature combination samples, such as the combustion rate, combustion heat release and mass change of each component, to obtain the initial simulation results. The initial simulation results include the combustion reaction rate and combustion state of each phase in the three-phase foam under the initial gas pressure and temperature combination samples.

[0042] Based on the initial simulation results, response surface models such as Gaussian process regression models are constructed to predict the effects of gas pressure and temperature combinations on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foams.

[0043] The uncertainty of the response surface model is analyzed to identify areas with large prediction errors; the pressure and temperature combination areas whose effects on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foam are greater than a preset threshold are identified.

[0044] Generate samples of new pressure and temperature combinations based on uncertainty analysis and identification of areas of importance; for example, dense sampling in areas of high uncertainty and high impact, using methods such as Bayesian optimization or entropy maximization. For example, using entropy maximization: The sampling points are selected by maximizing the uncertainty of the information, thus achieving efficient exploration of the areas of model uncertainty. Information entropy is a measure that describes the uncertainty of the system. During the optimization process, those areas with high information entropy are selected for sampling to gain more knowledge about the behavior of the system. By maximizing information entropy, the pressure and temperature combinations that provide the largest information gain are selected. In other words, the entropy maximization method tends to select dense sampling in areas where the current model uncertainty is high. The newly sampled data is added to the Gaussian process regression model, the model parameters are updated and the optimization continues.

[0045] An incremental simulation of the three-phase foam combustion mechanism is performed based on the new gas pressure and temperature combination samples to obtain new simulation results, and the response surface model is updated by combining the initial simulation results and the new simulation results.

[0046] The update of the response surface model is iterated, and after the iteration is completed, first simulation data is obtained, and the first simulation data includes the combustion reaction rate and combustion state data of the three-phase foam.

[0047] In one embodiment, based on the initial simulation results, constructing a response surface model includes: Determine the type of response surface model and select gas pressure and temperature as input features, combustion rate, combustion heat release, and mass change of each component as output responses.

[0048] The response surface model was trained using the initial simulation result data, and the hyperparameters of the response surface model, such as the selection and optimization of the kernel function, were adjusted to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. The accuracy and generalization ability of the response surface model were verified by cross-validation.

[0049] In order to facilitate understanding of the above technical solutions of the present invention, the working principle or operation mode of the present invention in the actual process is described in detail below.

[0050] 1) Place sealing ring 1 24 and sealing ring 2 25 on the inner and outer circles of the glass groove inside the reactor 1, and then insert the hollow cylindrical glass 4 with the heat-insulating transparent material 5 pasted on it into the reactor 1 through the glass groove reserved in the reactor 1; fix the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 on the end cover 2 3 through the nut 1 19 and the nut 2 20 respectively, and the parts of the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 on the inner side of the end cover 2 3 are connected to the ignition head 12 through wires; and connect the end cover 2 3 to the lower end of the reactor 1 through threads.

[0051] 2) Press the observation glass 7 into the observation hole 6 in the reactor 1, and fix the portion where the observation glass 7 contacts the reactor 1 with a sealant; fix the pressing plate 17 to the inside of the reactor 1 with bolts 18, thereby fixing the observation glass 7.

[0052] 3) Inject foam into the cavity of the hollow cylindrical glass 4, place the slider 8 between the reaction kettle 1 and the hollow cylindrical glass 4, and install the sealing ring 3 26, the sealing ring 4 27 and the sealing ring 5 28 on the outer ring and the inner ring of the slider 8 and the end cover 1 2 inside the hollow cylindrical glass 4 respectively.

[0053] 4) Connect the end cover 2 to the reactor 1 through threads, connect the air compression device 29 to the one-way valve 13 through the high-pressure air pipe 32, connect it to the three-way joint 14 through the one-way valve 13, connect the other side of the three-way joint 14 to the pressure sensor 15, and then connect the last end of the three-way joint 14 to the end cover 2 through the high-pressure air pipe 32 through the nut three 21.

[0054] 5) Connecting the electrode 1 22 and the electrode 2 23 located on the outer side of the end cover 2 3 to the detonating device 30 via the detonating wire.

[0055] 6) Open the water valve 10 to slowly inject water into the reactor 1, and at the same time slowly apply air pressure inward through the air compression device 29. Due to the air holes on the upper end of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 and the movement of the two sliders 8 inside, when the specified pressure is reached, the pressure on both sides of the hollow cylindrical glass 4 should be roughly the same.

[0056] 7) Place the high-speed camera 31 on the camera stand and place it parallel to the observation hole 6.

[0057] 8) After the pressure is stabilized, the ignition head 12 is ignited by the external detonator 30, and the combustion characteristics of the three-phase foam under high pressure are recorded by the high-speed camera 31. The recorded three-phase foam combustion process and the reading of the pressure sensor 15 are transmitted to the computer by the data acquisition instrument.

[0058] 9) Open the pressure relief valve 11 to release the air pressure in the reactor 1, and then open the water valve 10 to release the water pressure.

[0059] 10) Organize the data, and observe whether each group of foam will be dispersed by the high-pressure gas without igniting the ignition head 12; and study the defoaming rate of the foam under high-pressure gas by observing the change of the foam height in the hollow cylindrical glass 4 over time under different air pressures; when the ignition head 12 is ignited, the combustion amount can be observed by comparing the remaining foam amount after combustion with the foam amount before combustion, and the performance of the foam combustion can be observed by the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor 15.

[0060] 11) Monte Carlo simulation and CFD simulation analysis experiments are introduced. The prediction results of the model are compared with the observation results recorded by the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 31 to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation, so as to study the combustion mechanism of the foam under high pressure in the reactor 1.

[0061] In the Monte Carlo simulation, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is firstly simulated to obtain the first simulation data.

[0062] In addition, a physical and chemical model of the foam combustion reaction was established, including determining the types of reactants and products, reaction steps and reaction rates; random sampling of reaction parameters such as pressure and temperature was performed to simulate various events in the reaction process, and based on transition state theory and the Arrhenius equation, an expression for the rate constant suitable for high temperature conditions was derived to more accurately describe chemical reactions under high temperature conditions; the temperature, pressure and other parameters were adjusted, and the simulation data were compared with the observations recorded in the experiment to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

[0063] In the CFD simulation, a high-quality unstructured grid is divided according to the structure of the reactor 1 to ensure that the grid can accurately capture the details of the flow and combustion in the high-pressure combustion environment in the hollow cylindrical glass 4; a standard k-epsilon turbulence model is selected to set boundary conditions and initial conditions such as the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the foam material and the thermal boundary conditions of the wall; the CFD simulation is run to observe and analyze the temperature distribution, pressure changes and gas composition during the combustion process, and compare them with the test results recorded by the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 31, and continuously adjust the model parameters and boundary conditions until they meet the needs of the experiment.

[0064] The simulation results are analyzed by post-processing tools, and the state and distribution of the foam under high pressure and the propagation characteristics of the flame under combustion are compared with the pressure data recorded by the high-speed camera 31 during the experiment, and the pressure data recorded by the pressure sensor 15 to evaluate the combustion performance of the foam under high pressure. The CFD simulation and Monte Carlo simulation results are analyzed by post-processing tools to extract key data such as temperature field, pressure field, fluid flow characteristics, combustion reaction rate and combustion state data. The data collected by the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 31 in the above experiment are compared to analyze the combustion performance, including the combustion rate, pressure peak, etc.

[0065] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms such as "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixation" and "screw-on" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor, characterized in that: The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high-temperature and high-pressure reactor is used to observe and obtain the physical and chemical properties of three-phase foam under different gas pressure states, comprising a reactor (1), wherein the top and bottom ends of the reactor (1) are respectively provided with an end cap 1 (2) and an end cap 2 (3), a hollow cylindrical glass (4) is provided between the end cap 1 (2) and the end cap 2 (3), and the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) is provided with a heat-insulating transparent material (5); The inner bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) is provided with an electrode 1 (22) and an electrode 2 (23) in sequence, and the top ends of the electrode 1 (22) and the electrode 2 (23) are connected to an ignition head (12); An observation hole (6) is provided on one side of the reaction kettle (1); an observation glass (7) is provided on a side of the observation hole (6) close to the interior of the reaction kettle (1); and a high-speed camera (31) is provided at the observation hole (6); A slider (8) is sleeved inside the reaction kettle (1) and located outside the hollow cylindrical glass (4); a gas conduit (16) is provided inside the hollow cylindrical glass (4); and the top end of the gas conduit (16) passes through the end cover 1 (2) and extends to the outside of the reaction kettle (1); A water valve (10) is provided on one side of the bottom of the reaction kettle (1), and a pressure relief valve (11) is provided on the top of the reaction kettle (1).

2. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow cylindrical glass (4) comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium carbonate and boron oxide; A sealing ring 1 (24) and a sealing ring 2 (25) are provided between the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical glass (4) and the bottom end of the reaction kettle (1).

3. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode one (22) is connected to the end cover two (3) via the nut one (19), and the electrode two (23) is connected to the end cover two (3) via the nut two (20).

4. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure plate (17) is provided in the portion of the reaction kettle (1) that is flush with the hollow cylindrical glass (4), and the pressure plate (17) is connected to the reaction kettle (1) via bolts (18).

5. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring 3 (26) is provided between the slider (8) and the inner wall of the reaction kettle (1), and a sealing ring 4 (27) is provided between the slider (8) and the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical glass (4); A sealing ring 5 (28) is sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the end cover 1 (2), and an air hole (9) is provided at the bottom of the end cover 1 (2).

6. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas conduit (16) is connected to the reactor (1) via a nut three (21); an end of the gas conduit (16) away from the interior of the reactor (1) is connected to a first end of a three-way joint (14); a second end of the three-way joint (14) is connected to the pressure sensor (15); a third end of the three-way joint (14) is connected to one end of a one-way valve (13); the other end of the one-way valve (13) is connected to a high-pressure gas pipe (32); and an end of the high-pressure gas pipe (32) away from the one-way valve (13) is connected to an air compression device (29).

7. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air compression device (29) comprises an air filter (297) connected to the high-pressure air pipe (32); an air storage tank (291) is arranged on the side of the air filter (297); an air outlet (296) of the air storage tank (291) is connected to the air filter (297); a three-phase motor (292), a muffler (293) and an electromagnetic switch valve (294) are arranged in sequence on the outside of the air storage tank (291); and a pressure switch (295) is arranged on the electromagnetic switch valve (294).

8. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observing and obtaining of the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states includes: Observe the anti-dispersion performance of each group of three-phase foams under different air pressure conditions; obtain the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam under different air pressure conditions by observing the change of the height of the three-phase foam over time; The ignition head (12) is ignited, and the combustion amount of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is obtained by comparing the amount of remaining foam after the three-phase foam is burned with the amount of foam before the combustion; the combustion performance of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is indicated by the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor (15); Based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated to obtain the first simulation data; based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated to obtain the second simulation data; Comprehensively obtaining the physical and chemical properties of the three-phase foam according to the first simulation data, the second simulation data, the anti-dispersion performance of the three-phase foam, the defoaming rate of the three-phase foam, the combustion volume of the three-phase foam and the pressure data displayed by the pressure sensor (15); Wherein, the combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressure states is simulated based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation method to obtain the second simulation data including: According to the structure of the reactor (1), the computational fluid dynamics simulation environment is divided to obtain an unstructured grid; a standard turbulence model is selected, and boundary conditions and initial conditions are set; A computational fluid dynamics simulation is run to obtain second simulation data of the three-phase foam, wherein the second simulation data includes temperature distribution, pressure change, and gas composition during the combustion process of the three-phase foam.

9. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam under different gas pressures is simulated based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, and the first simulation data obtained includes: Configure the initial state of three-phase foam combustion in Monte Carlo simulation; use random sampling techniques to generate samples of initial pressure and temperature combinations; The combustion mechanism of the three-phase foam is simulated based on the initial gas pressure and temperature combination samples to obtain the initial simulation results, and the initial simulation results include the combustion reaction rate and combustion state of each phase in the three-phase foam under the initial gas pressure and temperature combination samples; Based on the initial simulation results, a response surface model was constructed to predict the effects of gas pressure and temperature combination on the combustion characteristics of three-phase foam. Analyze the uncertainty of the response surface model to identify areas with large prediction errors; identify areas where the pressure and temperature combinations that affect the combustion characteristics of three-phase foams are greater than a preset threshold; Generate new pressure and temperature combination samples based on uncertainty analysis and identification of important areas; Perform incremental simulation of the three-phase foam combustion mechanism based on new pressure and temperature combination samples, obtain new simulation results, and update the response surface model based on the initial simulation results and the new simulation results; The update of the response surface model is iterated, and after the iteration is completed, first simulation data is obtained, and the first simulation data includes the combustion reaction rate and combustion state data of the three-phase foam.

10. The observation device for foam combustion in a multiphase flow high temperature and high pressure reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: According to the initial simulation results, constructing a response surface model includes: Determine the type of response surface model and select gas pressure and temperature as input features, combustion rate, combustion heat release and mass change of each component as output responses; The response surface model was trained using the initial simulation result data and the hyperparameters of the response surface model were adjusted. The accuracy and generalization ability of the response surface model were verified by cross-validation.

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