Breeding method of high-temperature-resistant and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer line

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a high-temperature-resistant and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer line, which comprises the following steps: step 1, primarily selecting germplasm resources; step 2, multi-generation hybridization selection; step 3, seed treatment; step 4, hybridization treatment: in a stage of pollinating each generation of male parents as female parents, controlling pollination variables of the male parents by using a pollination device, obtaining rice seeds of the same generation under different pollination variables, and performing high-temperature stress cultivation and screening on rice seed seedlings; and step 5, stable inheritance. The invention provides a breeding method of a high-temperature-resistant and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer line, which is used for improving the accuracy of hybrid breeding offspring by controlling the number of pollinated plants of a male parent as a pollination variable of the female parent in the hybridization process of the male parent and the female parent of each generation. And screening and cultivating high-temperature drought high-quality rice restorer seeds in offspring in a high-temperature stress environment and a dry land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, and in particular to a breeding method for a high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer line. Background Art

[0003] Although significant progress has been made in the field of rice breeding, and many new varieties have been bred through multi-generation hybridization and other means, there are still some obvious defects in existing breeding methods. In particular, in the hybridization process, although multiple generations of hybridization between different varieties are carried out in order to obtain better genetic characteristics, in actual operations, the key factor in the pollination process - the control of the number of paternal plants - is often overlooked. In traditional hybrid breeding, the number of paternal plants is usually regarded as a relatively fixed variable, and it fails to be dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of the maternal parent and environmental conditions in each generation of hybridization. This lack of fine control makes it difficult to accurately screen the number of paternal pollination plants that is most suitable for the maternal parent when there are changes in the paternal pollination, and it is impossible to obtain the expected high-yield and high-quality traits.

[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome the defect of the neglected effect of the paternal pollination amount on the maternal parent in existing rice breeding methods and improve the accuracy of hybrid breeding offspring, it is necessary to propose a new method for selecting high-quality rice restorer lines that are resistant to high temperature and drought. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for breeding high-quality rice restorer lines that are resistant to high temperature and drought, which is used to improve the accuracy of hybrid breeding offspring by controlling the number of pollinated plants of the male parent as a pollination variable for the female parent during the hybridization process between the male parent and the female parent of each generation, and to screen and cultivate offspring with high-quality rice restorer line seeds that are resistant to high temperature and drought in high temperature stress environments and dry land.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Preliminary selection of germplasm resources: using restorer rice as the primary male parent and various sterile rice lines as the primary female parents, testing mating groups between the primary male parent and different types of primary female parents, investigating the plant height and effective panicle of hybrid offspring as important agronomic traits, selecting restorer rice seeds with excellent comprehensive traits through phenotypic traits and self-pollinating to obtain seeds as F1 generation male parents;

[0008] Step 2: Multi-generation hybridization selection: using high-quality restorer rice seeds as F1 generation paternal parents and heat-resistant sterile rice seeds as F1-1 generation maternal parents, hybridizing the F1 generation paternal parents with the F1-1 generation maternal parents, and cultivating and screening the obtained restorer heat-resistant rice seeds under high temperature stress;

[0009] The high-quality restorer rice seeds are used as the F1 generation male parent, and the drought-resistant sterile rice seeds are used as the F1-2 generation female parent. The F1 generation male parent and the F1-2 generation female parent are hybridized, and the drought-resistant restorer seeds obtained are cultivated and screened in dry land;

[0010] The drought-resistant rice is used as the F2 generation male parent, and the heat-resistant sterile rice seeds are used as the F2 generation female parent. The F2 generation male parent and the F2 generation female parent are hybridized, and the heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds obtained are cultivated and screened in dry land to obtain the F3 generation female parent;

[0011] The heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds are used as the F3 generation female parent, and backcrossed with the restorer line high-quality rice seeds as the F1 generation male parent. The obtained restorer line heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds are cultivated and screened in dry land to be used as the F4 generation male parent;

[0012] The F4 generation male parent is taken as the restorer heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds, and the F4-1 generation female parent is taken as the restorer heat-resistant rice seeds. The F4 generation male parent is hybridized with the F4-1 generation female parent, and the obtained rice seeds are subjected to high temperature stress screening, and the seedlings with high survival rate are transplanted to dry land for cultivation to obtain the F5 generation female parent;

[0013] The F4 generation male parent is taken as the restorer line heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds, and the F4-2 generation female parent is taken as the restorer line drought-resistant rice seeds. The F4 generation male parent is hybridized with the F4-2 generation female parent, and the obtained rice seeds are subjected to high temperature stress screening, and the seedlings with high survival rate are transplanted to dry land for cultivation to obtain the F5 generation male parent;

[0014] Step 3: Seed treatment: Select the full and consistent seeds in each generation for disinfection and seed soaking and germination treatment;

[0015] Step 4, hybridization treatment: in each generation of male parent pollination for female parent stage, use pollination device to control male parent pollination variables, each generation of male parent pollination variables are controlled by collecting male parent anthers of different plant numbers of the same generation as variables, and hybridizing with female parents to obtain rice seeds of the same generation under different pollination variables, and cultivate rice seed seedlings under high temperature stress to select the male parent anther number that is most suitable for female parent pollination of the variety;

[0016] Step 5, stable inheritance: hybridize the F5 generation father and the F5 generation mother, screen the obtained rice seeds under high temperature stress, and transplant the seedlings with high survival rate to dry land for cultivation. Self-pollinate for four generations in a row to obtain F6, F7, F8, and F9 generations. The obtained F9 generation is the high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality restorer rice seeds that are stably bred.

[0017] Furthermore, in step one, the first generation father is preferably Yuanhui 611.

[0018] Further, in step 2, the F1-1 generation mother parent is preferably Guoxiang 113S, and the F1-2 generation mother parent is preferably Huhan 82S.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2, the F2 generation father is preferably IR64, and the F2 generation mother is preferably Guoxiang 113S.

[0020] Furthermore, in step three, the disinfection method is to wash the impurities on the surface of the rice seeds with tap water, and then fully disinfect them with 0.1% by volume HgCl2 for 10 minutes, and the disinfected rice seeds are rinsed with distilled water.

[0021] Furthermore, in step three, the seed soaking and germination treatment method is to soak the seeds in a constant temperature box at 30°C for 48 hours, and then germinate them in a culture dish for 24 hours. Rice seeds with consistent germination of each rice variety are selected and sown in plastic cups filled with an equal amount of seedling soil for seedling cultivation, with 70 seeds sown in each cup.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 4, the pollination variable of the male parent of each generation is controlled by collecting the anthers of the male parents with different numbers of plants of the same generation as variables, and hybridizing them with the female parents, and the seeds with the same pollination amount are divided into three groups.

[0023] Further, in step 4, the method for high temperature stress screening of the obtained rice seeds of each generation is specifically as follows: the rice seeds are germinated and raised after screening in step 3, and grouped into 40 to 45 seedlings per cup, and placed in an incubator for high temperature stress treatment. The high temperature stress is set as: 7:30-19:30 during the day, the temperature is 42°C, and 19:30-7:30 the next day, the temperature is 35°C. After 10 days of high temperature stress treatment, the survival rate of the seedlings is determined, and the three groups of seedlings with high survival rates are transplanted to a dryland environment.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 4, the seedling survival rate was verified by defining the plants with all leaves withered and dried as seedling death, investigating the total number of seedlings per cup and the number of seedlings in stock after high temperature stress, and calculating the seedling survival rate formula as follows:

[0025] Survival rate = number of surviving seedlings / total number of seedlings × 100%.

[0026] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This solution, by accurately controlling the number of male pollinated plants in each generation of hybridization as a pollination variable, can more accurately screen out the most suitable pollination conditions for the female parent, thereby significantly improving the genetic stability and consistency of hybrid offspring. This refined control strategy effectively avoids the problems of low hybridization efficiency and unstable traits caused by uneven pollination in traditional breeding, ensuring that offspring rice can stably inherit the excellent characteristics of high temperature and drought resistance.

[0028] 2. This program pays special attention to the screening and cultivation of hybrid offspring under high temperature stress and drought conditions during the breeding process, which makes the obtained rice restorer line not only have the characteristics of high yield and high quality, but also significantly enhances its adaptability to high temperature and drought environments. This improvement in stress resistance is of great significance for coping with the challenges brought by global climate change and ensuring the stability and sustainability of food production.

[0029] 3. This solution, through the strategy of multi-generation hybridization and backcrossing, achieves rapid aggregation and stable inheritance of rice's high temperature and drought resistance characteristics in a short period of time. This efficient breeding method not only shortens the breeding cycle, but also reduces breeding costs, providing strong support for the commercial promotion of new varieties.

[0030] 4. In this scheme, male and female parents from different sources are used for hybridization during the breeding process, which not only enriches the genetic basis of rice, but also increases the diversity of germplasm resources. This increase in diversity provides more possibilities for subsequent genetic improvement and variety innovation, and helps promote the sustainable development of rice breeding.

[0031] Further, in step 4, the pollination device includes a pollination system and a pollination machine which are signal-connected to each other, and the pollination system includes a collection module, a receiving module, a control module, a judgment module, an identification module, a recording module and a data module;

[0032] The acquisition module is used to obtain the distance position of the pollinator to the nearby tag and transmit it to the receiving module, and is also used to obtain the image data of the pollinator to the rice anther and transmit it to the recognition module;

[0033] A receiving module, used to receive information from the acquisition module and transmit it to the control module to determine the operation to be performed by the pollinator and then output it;

[0034] A control module is used to control various components of the pollination machine to complete intelligent operations;

[0035] A judgment module is used to receive signals from the photoelectric sensor 23 and the tag sensor, and output them to the control module for controlling the solenoid valve and the sealing component, and obtain the number of rice ears currently put into pollination through the photoelectric sensor 23 and transmit it to the recording module;

[0036] The recognition module is used to recognize rice anther images. Based on deep learning of rice anther images, it can quickly identify and detect cracked and non-cracked rice anthers in a high temperature environment and transmit them to the recording module;

[0037] The recording module is used to obtain the female variety and the number of rice ears that the male parent should pollinate read by the tag sensor, and store and summarize them, and output them to the data module after the offspring is obtained later; it is also used to record the anther dehiscence rate of the identification module;

[0038] The data module is used to intuitively provide researchers with the determined values ​​of the paternal pollination variables that are suitable for different maternal varieties, so as to obtain the optimal paternal pollination amount and transmit it to the recording module for data retention.

[0039] Beneficial effect: The acquisition module receives the tag sensor to accurately obtain the distance position of the tag marked on the cowhide bag tied to the nearby mother rice ear, and combined with the real-time statistics of the number of rice ears by the photoelectric sensor 23, it can ensure that the pollination operation is carried out on the correct target, reduce the probability of mispollination or omission, and thus significantly improve the accuracy of pollination.

[0040] The receiving module enables the pollination system to obtain environmental information of the rice planting area, reducing the subjectivity of manual judgment and improving the accuracy of pollination.

[0041] Through the control module, the pollination system can automatically control various components of the pollinator, such as the solenoid valve, the sealing component, etc., to realize the intelligent operation of the pollination process. In the normal hybrid rice breeding process, 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. every day is usually the peak flowering period of rice, and the pollination efficiency is highest during this period. However, due to the high temperature stress and dryland environment of the rice in the present invention, the weather at this time is mostly concentrated in July to August. Through the automatic control of the pollinator by the control module, not only the burden of manual operation is reduced in high temperature weather, but also the accuracy and efficiency of pollination are improved, and human errors are reduced.

[0042] The judgment module combines the signals of the photoelectric sensor 23 and the tag sensor to accurately identify the maternal variety and the number of rice ears that need to be pollinated. This precise control ensures that the male parent pollen can be accurately applied to the target rice ears, avoiding pollen waste and cross contamination, thereby improving the success rate of pollination and the purity of the offspring variety.

[0043] The recognition module can quickly and accurately identify cracked and non-cracking rice anthers under high temperature conditions by deep learning rice anther images. This function not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of recognition, but also provides important data support for researchers, helping them to better understand the status of rice anthers and pollination effects.

[0044] The recording module records key information such as the female parent variety and the number of rice ears that the male parent should pollinate in real time, and stores and summarizes them. This function provides valuable original data for subsequent data analysis and scientific research. Researchers can easily trace the pollination of each batch and provide data support for optimizing pollination strategies.

[0045] The data module can intuitively provide researchers with the appropriate pollination variable values ​​for different maternal varieties by analyzing and processing the data provided by the recording module. This helps researchers quickly find the optimal pollination amount and improve the yield and quality of the offspring varieties. At the same time, these optimized pollination variables can also be retained as data in the recording module to provide a reference for future pollination work.

[0046] The application of the entire pollination system has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural research and production. Researchers can focus more on variety improvement and genetic research without having to pay too much attention to tedious pollination operations. At the same time, production personnel can also use this system to achieve precise and large-scale production, thereby increasing the output and added value of agricultural products.

[0047] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the method steps of an embodiment of the method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer line of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic front cross-sectional view of a pollinator according to an embodiment of the breeding method for high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer line of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 It is an axonometric schematic diagram of a pollinator sealing assembly according to an embodiment of a method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 It is a schematic front cross-sectional view of the first pressing plate of the pollinator according to an embodiment of the breeding method of the high temperature and drought resistant high quality rice restorer line of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 It is a front cross-sectional view of a pollinator pollen processing box of an embodiment of the breeding method of the high temperature and drought resistant high quality rice restorer line of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 It is a front cross-sectional view of a pollinator liquid tank and an experimental box according to an embodiment of the method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines of the present invention.

[0054] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: 1, box; 2, cart; 3, recovery box; 4, first pipeline; 5, second pipeline; 6, air cavity; 7, air pump; 8, spraying cavity; 9, processing cavity; 10, pollen bag; 11, collecting cavity; 12, reversing valve; 13, water pipe; 14, electric cylinder; 15, telescopic tube; 16, fixing ring; 17, spraying tube; 18, second partition; 19, spiral slide rail; 20, motor; 21, limit block; 22, brush; 23, photoelectric sensor; 24, gauze; 25, drive box ; 26. First partition; 27. Collection box; 28. Open ring; 29. ​​First spring; 30. Slide groove; 31. Sliding block; 32. First pressure plate; 33. First electromagnet; 34. Nail hole; 35. Second electromagnet; 36. Second pressure plate; 37. Staple; 38. Push block; 39. Second spring; 40. Third partition; 41. Experiment box; 42. Liquid tank; 43. Liquid inlet pipe; 44. Stage; 45. Tweezers; 46. Dropper; 47. Porous block; 48. Electric telescopic rod; 49. Center ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0058] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] As attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 A method for breeding high-quality rice restorer lines resistant to high temperature and drought, comprising the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Preliminary selection of germplasm resources: using restorer rice as the primary male parent, preferably Yuanhui 611, and using various sterile rice lines as the primary female parents, testing mating groups between the primary male parent and different types of primary female parents, investigating plant height and effective panicle of hybrid offspring as important agronomic traits, selecting restorer rice seeds with excellent comprehensive traits through phenotypic traits, and conducting self-pollination to obtain seeds as F1 generation male parents;

[0062] Step 2, multi-generation hybridization selection: using restorer high-quality rice seeds as F1 generation paternal parent, using heat-resistant sterile rice seeds as F1-1 generation maternal parent, preferably Guoxiang 113S, hybridizing the F1 generation paternal parent with the F1-1 generation maternal parent, and cultivating and screening the obtained restorer heat-resistant rice seeds under high temperature stress;

[0063] The high-quality restorer rice seeds are used as the F1 generation male parent, the drought-resistant sterile rice seeds are used as the F1-2 generation female parent, and the F1-2 generation female parent is preferably Huhan 82S. The F1 generation male parent and the F1-2 generation female parent are hybridized, and the drought-resistant restorer seeds obtained are cultivated and screened in dry land;

[0064] The drought-resistant rice is used as the F2 generation male parent, and the heat-resistant sterile rice seeds are used as the F2 generation female parent. The F2 generation male parent and the F2 generation female parent are hybridized, and the heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds obtained are cultivated and screened in dry land to obtain the F3 generation female parent;

[0065] The heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds are used as the F3 generation female parent, and backcrossed with the restorer line high-quality rice seeds as the F1 generation male parent. The obtained restorer line heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds are cultivated and screened in dry land to be used as the F4 generation male parent;

[0066] The F4 generation male parent is taken as the restorer heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds, and the F4-1 generation female parent is taken as the restorer heat-resistant rice seeds. The F4 generation male parent is hybridized with the F4-1 generation female parent, and the obtained rice seeds are subjected to high temperature stress screening, and the seedlings with high survival rate are transplanted to dry land for cultivation to obtain the F5 generation female parent;

[0067] The F4 generation male parent is taken as the restorer line heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds, and the F4-2 generation female parent is taken as the restorer line drought-resistant rice seeds. The F4 generation male parent is hybridized with the F4-2 generation female parent, and the obtained rice seeds are subjected to high temperature stress screening, and the seedlings with high survival rate are transplanted to dry land for cultivation to obtain the F5 generation male parent;

[0068] Step 3, seed treatment: In each generation of varieties, full and consistent seeds are selected for disinfection. The disinfection method is to wash the impurities on the surface of the rice seeds with tap water, and then fully disinfect them with 0.1% HgCl2 by volume for 10 minutes. The disinfected rice seeds are rinsed with distilled water and then soaked for germination. The soaking and germination treatment method is to soak the seeds in a 30°C constant temperature box for 48 hours, and then germinate them in a culture dish for 24 hours. For each rice variety, rice seeds with consistent germination are selected and sown in plastic cups filled with an equal amount of seedling soil for seedling cultivation, and 70 seeds are sown in each cup;

[0069] Step 4, hybridization treatment: in each generation of male parent for female parent pollination stage, use pollination device to control male parent pollination variable, in each generation of male parent for female parent pollination stage, use pollination device to control male parent pollination variable, each generation of male parent pollination variable control is, collect male parent anthers of different plant numbers of the same generation as variables, and hybridize with female parent to obtain rice seeds of the same generation under different pollination variables, the obtained seeds with the same pollination amount are divided into three groups, and the rice seed seedlings are cultivated under high temperature stress to screen out the male parent anther number most suitable for female parent pollination of the variety, and the high temperature stress screening method is specifically, the rice seed The seeds were screened according to step 3 and then germinated and raised. The seedlings were grouped into 40 to 45 seedlings per cup and placed in an incubator for high temperature stress treatment. The high temperature stress was set as follows: 42°C from 7:30 to 19:30 during the day and 35°C from 19:30 to 7:30 the next day. The survival rate of the seedlings was determined 10 days after the high temperature stress treatment, and the three groups of seedlings with high survival rates were transplanted to a dry land environment. The seedling survival rate was verified by defining the plants with all withered and dried leaves as seedling deaths. The total number of seedlings per cup and the number of seedlings in stock after high temperature stress were investigated. The seedling survival rate was calculated as follows:

[0070] Survival rate = number of surviving seedlings / total number of seedlings × 100%;

[0071] In step 4, the pollination device includes a pollination system and a pollinator connected to each other by signals, the pollinator includes a box body 1, a collection box 27 is welded on the top of the box body 1, a cart 2 is welded on the bottom of the box body 1, a first partition 26 is welded inside the box body 1, the first partition 26 divides the interior of the box body 1 into an air chamber 6 and a spray chamber 8, an air pump 7 is bolted to the bottom wall of the air chamber 6, a pollen processing box with an open top is welded on the top of the spray chamber 8, a gauze 24 is bonded to the inner wall of the pollen processing box, the gauze 24 divides the interior of the pollen processing box into a processing chamber 9 and a collecting chamber 11, second partitions 18 are welded on both sides of the top of the processing chamber 9, solenoid valves are symmetrically bolted to the side walls of the processing chamber 9 and the two sides of the second partition 18, a drive box 25 with an open top is welded to the bottom of the second partition 18, and a plurality of photoelectric sensors 23 are bolted to the outer side wall of the drive box 25;

[0072] A driving assembly is provided in the driving box 25, and the driving assembly includes a brush 22, a motor 20 and a spiral slide 19 welded to the side wall of the driving box 25. A slide groove is opened on the spiral slide 19, and a plurality of meshing teeth are provided on the slide groove. The bottom of the motor 20 is slidably connected to the inner top wall of the driving box 25. The top of the brush 22 is located above the spiral slide 19 and is coaxially welded with the output shaft of the motor 20. A limit block 21 is keyed on the output shaft of the motor 20, and the limit block 21 is slidably connected to the spiral slide 19. A gear is welded around the brush 22, and the gear is meshed with the meshing teeth. The brush 22 passes through the slide groove of the spiral slide 19 and is located below the driving box 25. The gauze 24 is located below the brush 22, and the pollen bag 10 located in the collecting chamber 11 is snap-connected below the gauze 24.

[0073] A first pipe 4 is connected between the air pump 7 and the processing chamber 9, a recovery box 3 is fixedly connected to the first pipe 4, a filter is provided at the connection point between the recovery box 3 and the first pipe 4 on the side close to the air pump 7, a second pipe 5 is connected between the pollen bag 10 and the air pump 7, and the diameter of the second pipe 5 becomes smaller as it is closer to the pollen bag 10, a reversing valve 12 is connected to the side of the pollen bag 10 away from the second pipe 5, a water pump is connected to the bottom of the reversing valve 12, and a water pipe 13 is connected to the bottom of the water pump.

[0074] A telescopic tube 15 is connected to the side of the reversing valve 12 away from the pollen bag 10, one end of the telescopic tube 15 passes through the spraying chamber 8 and extends to the outside of the box body 1, an electric control cylinder 14 is hinged on the side of the box body 1 close to the telescopic tube 15, and a fixing ring 16 is hinged on the output shaft of the electric control cylinder 14, and the fixing ring 16 is sleeved on the telescopic tube 15, and one end of the telescopic tube 15 located outside the box body 1 is connected to a spraying tube 17, and plastic diaphragms are bonded to the inner walls of the telescopic tube 15 and the spraying tube 17, and the plastic diaphragms separate the inside of the telescopic tube 15 and the spraying tube 17 into a pollen channel and a clear water channel, and a square open ring 28 is welded to the end of the spraying tube 17 away from the telescopic tube 15, and a sealing assembly is welded in the open ring 28, and an atomizing nozzle is welded to the end of the clear water channel close to the open ring 28.

[0075] The sealing assembly includes a first pressure plate 32 and a second pressure plate 36, and a plurality of first springs 29 are welded to the top of the first pressure plate 32 and the bottom of the second pressure plate 36, and one end of the first spring 29 away from the first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 36 is welded to the inner wall of the open ring 28, a symmetrically arranged first electromagnet 33 is welded to the bottom of the first pressure plate 32, and a second electromagnet 35 corresponding to the first electromagnet 33 is welded to the top of the second pressure plate 36, and mutually inductive label sensors are bolted to the bottom of the first pressure plate 32 and the top of the second pressure plate 36, and sliders 31 are welded to the two side walls of the first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 36, and a plurality of slide grooves 30 corresponding to the sliders 31 are opened on the inner wall of the open ring 28, and one end of the slider 31 away from the first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 36 is vertically slidably matched with the slide groove 30, and a third partition plate 40 is welded inside the first pressure plate 32, and symmetrically arranged staple assemblies are welded on both sides of the third partition plate 40.

[0076] The stapling assemblies include a plurality of staples 37 and a second spring 39 welded to a third partition plate 40. A push block 38 is welded to one end of the second spring 39 away from the third partition plate 40. The push block 38 pushes the staple 37 on the side away from the second spring 39. A staple hole 34 for only one staple 37 to enter and exit is opened on the first electromagnet 33. The staple hole 34 is located in the movement trajectory of the staple 37. A wavy plate corresponding to the position of the staple hole 34 is welded to the second electromagnet 35.

[0077] An experimental assembly is welded on one side of the top wall of the box body 1 close to the drive box 25, and the experimental assembly includes an experimental box 41 with an opening at the top, a center ring 49 is welded on the inner side wall of the top opening of the experimental box 41, an electric telescopic rod 48 is welded on the bottom at the center of the center ring 49, a porous block 47 with a plurality of holes is welded on the bottom of the electric telescopic rod 48, a tweezers 45 is clamped on one of the holes of the porous block 47, and the electric telescopic rod is connected to the pollination system signal 48, a liquid tank 42 is provided on one side of the experimental box 41, a liquid inlet pipe 43 extending into the experimental box is connected to the liquid tank 42, a liquid valve is connected to the connection between the liquid inlet pipe 43 and the liquid tank 42, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 43 passes through the hole of the porous block 47 and is connected to a dropper 46, a carrier seat 44 is welded on the inner bottom wall of the experimental box 41, a pressure sensor connected to the pollination system signal is bolted in the carrier seat 44, and glass slide clamps are symmetrically arranged on the top of the carrier seat 44.

[0078] The specific implementation process of the pollination machine is as follows: after the male and female parents have both headed in the flowering period, the male parent rice ears are cut off and placed in the collection box 27, and the pollination machine is pushed to the rice field where the female parents are planted and need to be pollinated. Since the female parents need to be pollinated, the female parent is processed by cutting off the flowering part, and the remaining anthers are cut off the upper half to facilitate the subsequent pollination of the male parent. When the researchers have finished processing a female parent, they bag the female parent plant, tie the lower part of the cowhide bag tightly, and the upper part of the cowhide bag is in an open state. In this process, due to the collection of The male parent rice ears are located in the collection box 27 and have undergone the waiting time of the female parent treatment, so that they are exposed to the sun to promote pollen release. When bagging, a label is attached to the top of the cowhide bag used, and the label is written with the female parent variety and the number of rice ears of the male parent to be pollinated. At this time, the label sensor recognizes the label position and transmits it to the pollination system. The pollination system controls the electric control cylinder 14 to drive the telescopic tube 15 to move, so that the open ring 28 is covered on the female parent after bagging. At this time, the first pressing plate 32 and the second pressing plate 36 are located on both sides of the cowhide bag with the top opening.

[0079] The male rice ears are put into the processing chamber 9 for multiple times according to the number of individual plants grouped. At this time, the photoelectric sensor 23 will judge the number of male rice ears put in according to the instantaneous brightness of the shielding, and transmit it to the pollination system. The pollination system controls the electromagnetic valve to close according to the number of male pollination plants preset on the label to remind researchers that it is temporarily unnecessary to continue to put in the male rice ears; the pollination system starts the motor 20, and the brush 22 rotates under the drive of the motor 20, and the gear on the brush 22 is meshed with the meshing teeth on the spiral slide rail 19, thereby realizing The brush 22 now moves gradually outward from the center of the spiral slide rail 19 along the track, and the bottom of the brush 22 gently sweeps over the rice ear of the male parent located above the gauze 24, so that the pollen passes through the gauze 24 and falls into the pollen bag 10. At the same time, the water pump starts to extract water in the spray chamber 8 through the clean water pipe 13, and enters the clean water channel through the reversing valve 12. Before the male parent is pollinated, water is evenly sprayed on the female parent rice ear through the atomizing nozzle, so that the cut anthers absorb water and burst and lose their activity under the promotion of water, thereby facilitating the pollination of the male parent anthers.

[0080] At this time, the pollination system starts the air pump 7, and the air pump 7 draws air into the first pipe 4, sucking the processed male rice ears into the recovery box 3 for subsequent use as fertilizer. The second pipe 5 takes in air, blows the pollen in the pollen bag 10 into the reversing valve 12 and continuously supplies air, blows the pollen from the pollen duct into the cowhide bag, and the flow of air enables the pollen to better combine with the female rice ears in the cowhide bag. After supplying air for a period of time, the pollination system turns off the air pump 7 and continuously powers the electromagnets on the first pressure plate 32 and the second pressure plate 36. The staples 37 are sucked out from the staple holes 34, pass through the cowhide bag and are pressed by the wavy sheets to achieve sealing of the top of the cowhide bag. At the same time, the label sensor recognizes that the distance to the label is shortened, and transmits a signal to the pollination system. The pollination system determines that the sealing of the cowhide bag is completed, and controls the pollinator to pollinate the next female plant.

[0081] While the male parent rice ears are put into the processing chamber 9, a glass slide is placed in the experimental box 41, and the male parent rice ears of an equal number of rice ears are put onto the glass slide of the experimental box 41. At this time, the pressure sensor senses the weight change and transmits it to the pollination system. The pollination system controls the electrically controlled telescopic rod 48 to make the tweezers 45 move up and down to crush the anthers. At the same time, the pollination system opens the liquid valve and delivers the iodine-potassium iodide solution prepared in the liquid tank 42 to drip onto the anthers. The experimenter takes out the glass slide and covers it with a coverslip. After standing for 2 to 3 minutes, it is placed under a microscope to take pictures, count, and transmit them to the pollination system to quickly detect the normal fertile pollen activity of the male parent pollen under high temperature stress environment, and the data is compared with the later data through the recording module of the pollination system.

[0082] Through data comparison, under the condition of 37℃ high temperature stress, the anther cracking coefficient of each tested variety will decrease; and under the condition of 39℃ high temperature, the decrease is more significant. In addition, with the extension of high temperature treatment time, the anther cracking coefficient will also show a significant downward trend. The normal rate of high temperature resistant pollen used in the market is 70%, and the experimental process records show that the normal rate of pollen of the high temperature and drought resistant recovery rice obtained by this method is 78% under the condition of 38℃ high temperature, which performs better than other high temperature resistant varieties.

[0083] Step 5, stable inheritance: hybridize the F5 generation father and the F5 generation mother, screen the obtained rice seeds under high temperature stress, and transplant the seedlings with high survival rate to dry land for cultivation. Self-pollinate for four generations in a row to obtain F6, F7, F8, and F9 generations. The obtained F9 generation is the high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality restorer rice seeds that are stably bred.

[0084] 1. Performance of rice's tolerance to high temperature and drought

[0085] 1. Experimental subjects

[0086] A certain rice seed commonly available on the market was selected as the control group A, a certain rice seed resistant to high temperature and drought was selected as the control group B, and the rice seeds cultured by the present invention were selected as the experimental group.

[0087] 2. Experimental Procedure

[0088] 60 rice seeds with similar seed diameter and volume from the control group A, control group B and experimental group were selected for sowing. The sowing period was selected in late May, and the rice-growing area was selected as an area in southeastern Sichuan where high temperature stress was stable and rainfall was low from July to August.

[0089] 3. Experimental results

[0090] All the results obtained are the average values ​​of each group of rice seeds.

[0091] Table 1 The characteristics of each rice variety

[0092] Test groups Plant height / cm <![CDATA[Effective panicles / (10,000·hm -2 )]]> Total number of grains per ear Fruiting rate / % Control group A 101.5 176.5 168.1 72.3 Control group B 117.2 224.0 201.5 84.1 Experimental Group 125.5 263.0 219.0 91.2

[0093] As shown in Table 1, the high temperature and drought resistance genes of rice seeds in the control group B and the experimental group are significantly better than those of ordinary rice when grown under high temperature stress, and the fruit setting rate of rice planted by the present invention is better than that of rice selected in the control group B under high temperature stress and drought environment.

[0094] 2. Experiment on the effect of the number of pollinated plants of the male parent on the offspring

[0095] 1. Experimental subjects

[0096] According to the method described in step 4, the restorer heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds in step 2 are selected as the F4 generation male parent, and the restorer drought-resistant rice seeds are selected as the F4-2 generation female parent for hybridization, and the female parent seeds are divided into three groups, named Group A, Group B and Group C.

[0097] 2. Experimental Procedure

[0098] The seeds of the female parent and the male parent are sown, and after the rice enters the heading stage, the anthers of the female parent are removed, the rice is bagged, the flowering parts of the male parent are uniformly cut off, and the male parent is pollinated for the female parent using a pollination device, wherein the number of pollens pollinated in the bag of the female parent of group A is the amount of 2 rice ears of the male parent, the number of pollens pollinated in the bag of the female parent of group B is the amount of 3 rice ears of the male parent, and the number of pollens pollinated in the bag of the female parent of group C is the amount of 4 rice ears of the male parent. The obtained progeny seeds are cultured according to the high temperature stress screening method in step 4 and the seedling survival rate is calculated.

[0099] 3. Experimental results

[0100] Table 2 Survival of seedlings under high temperature stress culture environment

[0101]

[0102] As shown in Table 2, the amount of pollination from the male parent to the female parent has a certain effect on the genetic phenotypic traits of the offspring. It can be considered that when the pollination amount is less, the offspring inherit less heat-resistant genes from the male parent and the seedling survival rate is low. However, excessive pollination from the male parent to the female parent is not directly equivalent to enhanced hybrid vigor. From the survival rate of Group C, it can be seen that the genetic recombination produced by excessive male parent pollen during the pollination of the female parent may produce adverse traits and affect the growth and development of the offspring.

[0103] Embodiment 3:

[0104] The difference from Example 2 is that the pollination system includes a collection module, a receiving module, a control module, a judgment module, an identification module, a recording module and a data module;

[0105] The acquisition module is used to obtain the distance position of the pollinator to the nearby tag and transmit it to the receiving module, and is also used to obtain the image data of the pollinator to the rice anther and transmit it to the recognition module;

[0106] A receiving module, used to receive information from the acquisition module and transmit it to the control module to determine the operation to be performed by the pollinator and then output it;

[0107] A control module is used to control various components of the pollination machine to complete intelligent operations;

[0108] A judgment module is used to receive signals from the photoelectric sensor 23 and the tag sensor, and output them to the control module for controlling the solenoid valve and the sealing component, and obtain the number of rice ears currently put into pollination through the photoelectric sensor 23 and transmit it to the recording module;

[0109] The recognition module is used to recognize rice anther images. Based on deep learning of rice anther images, it can quickly identify and detect cracked and non-cracked rice anthers in a high temperature environment and transmit them to the recording module;

[0110] The recording module is used to obtain the female variety and the number of rice ears that the male parent should pollinate read by the tag sensor, and store and summarize them, and output them to the data module after the offspring is obtained later; it is also used to record the anther dehiscence rate of the identification module;

[0111] The data module is used to intuitively provide researchers with the determined values ​​of the paternal pollination variables that are suitable for different maternal varieties, so as to obtain the optimal paternal pollination amount and transmit it to the recording module for data retention.

[0112] The specific implementation process is as follows: the acquisition module receives the label sensor to accurately obtain the distance position of the label marked on the cowhide bag tied to the nearby mother rice ears, and combines the real-time statistics of the number of rice ears by the photoelectric sensor 23 to ensure that the pollination operation is carried out on the correct target, avoiding mispollination or omissions, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of pollination.

[0113] The receiving module enables the pollination system to obtain environmental information of the rice planting area, reducing the subjectivity of manual judgment and improving the accuracy of pollination.

[0114] Through the control module, the pollination system can automatically control various components of the pollinator, such as the solenoid valve, the sealing component, etc., to realize the intelligent operation of the pollination process. In the normal hybrid rice breeding process, 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. every day is usually the peak flowering period of rice, and the pollination efficiency is highest during this period. However, due to the high temperature stress and dryland environment of the rice in the present invention, the weather at this time is mostly concentrated in July to August. Through the automatic control of the pollinator by the control module, not only the burden of manual operation is reduced in high temperature weather, but also the accuracy and efficiency of pollination are improved, and human errors are reduced.

[0115] The judgment module combines the signals of the photoelectric sensor 23 and the tag sensor to accurately identify the maternal variety and the number of rice ears that need to be pollinated. This precise control ensures that the male parent pollen can be accurately applied to the target rice ears, avoiding pollen waste and cross contamination, thereby improving the success rate of pollination and the purity of the offspring variety.

[0116] The recognition module can quickly and accurately identify cracked and non-cracking rice anthers under high temperature conditions by deep learning rice anther images. This function not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of recognition, but also provides important data support for researchers, helping them to better understand the status of rice anthers and pollination effects.

[0117] The recording module records key information such as the female parent variety and the number of rice ears that the male parent should pollinate in real time, and stores and summarizes them. This function provides valuable original data for subsequent data analysis and scientific research. Researchers can easily trace the pollination of each batch and provide data support for optimizing pollination strategies.

[0118] The data module can intuitively provide researchers with the appropriate pollination variable values ​​for different maternal varieties by analyzing and processing the data provided by the recording module. This helps researchers quickly find the optimal pollination amount and improve the yield and quality of the offspring varieties. At the same time, these optimized pollination variables can also be retained as data in the recording module to provide a reference for future pollination work.

[0119] The application of the entire pollination system has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural research and production. Researchers can focus more on variety improvement and genetic research without having to pay too much attention to tedious pollination operations. At the same time, production personnel can also use this system to achieve precise and large-scale production, thereby increasing the output and added value of agricultural products.

[0120] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-quality rice restorer lines resistant to high temperature and drought, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preliminary selection of germplasm resources: using restorer rice as the primary male parent and various sterile rice lines as the primary female parents, testing mating groups between the primary male parent and different types of primary female parents, investigating the plant height and effective panicle of hybrid offspring as important agronomic traits, selecting restorer rice seeds with excellent comprehensive traits through phenotypic traits and self-pollinating to obtain seeds as F1 generation male parents; Step 2: Multi-generation hybridization selection: using high-quality restorer rice seeds as F1 generation paternal parents and heat-resistant sterile rice seeds as F1-1 generation maternal parents, hybridizing the F1 generation paternal parents with the F1-1 generation maternal parents, and cultivating and screening the obtained restorer heat-resistant rice seeds under high temperature stress; The high-quality restorer rice seeds are used as the F1 generation male parent, and the drought-resistant sterile rice seeds are used as the F1-2 generation female parent. The F1 generation male parent and the F1-2 generation female parent are hybridized, and the drought-resistant restorer seeds obtained are cultivated and screened in dry land; The drought-resistant rice is used as the F2 generation male parent, and the heat-resistant sterile rice seeds are used as the F2 generation female parent. The F2 generation male parent and the F2 generation female parent are hybridized, and the heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds obtained are cultivated and screened in dry land to obtain the F3 generation female parent; The heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds are used as the F3 generation female parent, and backcrossed with the restorer line high-quality rice seeds as the F1 generation male parent. The obtained restorer line heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds are cultivated and screened in dry land to be used as the F4 generation male parent; The F4 generation male parent is taken as the restorer heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds, and the F4-1 generation female parent is taken as the restorer heat-resistant rice seeds. The F4 generation male parent is hybridized with the F4-1 generation female parent, and the obtained rice seeds are subjected to high temperature stress screening, and the seedlings with high survival rate are transplanted to dry land for cultivation to obtain the F5 generation female parent; The F4 generation male parent is taken as the restorer line heat-resistant and drought-resistant rice seeds, and the F4-2 generation female parent is taken as the restorer line drought-resistant rice seeds. The F4 generation male parent is hybridized with the F4-2 generation female parent, and the obtained rice seeds are subjected to high temperature stress screening, and the seedlings with high survival rate are transplanted to dry land for cultivation to obtain the F5 generation male parent; Step 3: Seed treatment: Select the full and consistent seeds in each generation for disinfection and seed soaking and germination treatment; Step 4, hybridization treatment: in each generation of male parent pollination for female parent stage, use pollination device to control male parent pollination variables, each generation of male parent pollination variables are controlled by collecting male parent anthers of different plant numbers of the same generation as variables, and hybridizing with female parents to obtain rice seeds of the same generation under different pollination variables, and cultivate rice seed seedlings under high temperature stress to select the male parent anther number that is most suitable for female parent pollination of the variety; Step 5, stable inheritance: hybridize the F5 generation father and the F5 generation mother, screen the obtained rice seeds under high temperature stress, and transplant the seedlings with high survival rate to dry land for cultivation. Self-pollinate for four generations in a row to obtain F6, F7, F8, and F9 generations. The obtained F9 generation is the high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality restorer rice seeds that are stably bred.

2. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the first generation father is preferably Yuanhui 611.

3. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the F1-1 generation mother parent is preferably Guoxiang 113S, and the F1-2 generation mother parent is preferably Huhan 82S.

4. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, the F2 generation father is preferably IR64, and the F2 generation mother is preferably Guoxiang 113S.

5. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step three, the disinfection method is to wash the impurities on the surface of the rice seeds with tap water, and then fully disinfect them with 0.1% by volume HgCl2 for 10 minutes, and the disinfected rice seeds are rinsed with distilled water.

6. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the seed soaking and germination treatment method is to soak the seeds in a constant temperature box at 30°C for 48 hours, and then germinate them in a culture dish for 24 hours. Rice seeds with consistent germination are selected for each rice variety and sown in plastic cups filled with an equal amount of seedling soil for seedling cultivation, with 70 seeds sown in each cup.

7. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4, the seeds with the same pollination amount are divided into three groups.

8. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 4, the method for high temperature stress screening of the obtained rice seeds of each generation is specifically as follows: the rice seeds are germinated and raised after screening in step 3, and grouped into 40 to 45 seedlings per cup, and placed in an incubator for high temperature stress treatment. The high temperature stress is set as: 7:30-19:30 during the day, the temperature is 42°C, and the temperature is 35°C from 19:30 to 7:30 the next day. After 10 days of high temperature stress treatment, the survival rate of the seedlings is determined, and the three groups of seedlings with high survival rates are transplanted to a dryland environment.

9. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4, the seedling survival rate was verified by defining the plants with all leaves withered and dried as seedling death, investigating the total number of seedlings per cup and the number of seedlings in stock after high temperature stress, and calculating the seedling survival rate formula as follows: Survival rate = number of surviving seedlings / total number of seedlings × 100%.

10. The method for breeding high-temperature and drought-resistant high-quality rice restorer lines according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 4, the pollination device includes a pollination system and a pollination machine which are connected to each other by signals, and the pollination system includes a collection module, a receiving module, a control module, a judgment module, an identification module, a recording module and a data module; The acquisition module is used to obtain the distance position of the pollinator to the nearby tag and transmit it to the receiving module, and is also used to obtain the image data of the pollinator to the rice anther and transmit it to the recognition module; A receiving module, used to receive information from the acquisition module and transmit it to the control module to determine the operation to be performed by the pollinator and then output it; A control module is used to control various components of the pollination machine to complete intelligent operations; A judgment module is used to receive signals from the photoelectric sensor 23 and the tag sensor, and output them to the control module for controlling the solenoid valve and the sealing component, and obtain the number of rice ears currently put into pollination through the photoelectric sensor 23 and transmit it to the recording module; The recognition module is used to recognize rice anther images. Based on deep learning of rice anther images, it can quickly identify and detect cracked and non-cracked rice anthers in a high temperature environment and transmit them to the recording module; The recording module is used to obtain the female variety and the number of rice ears that the male parent should pollinate read by the tag sensor, and store and summarize them, and output them to the data module after the offspring is obtained later; it is also used to record the anther dehiscence rate of the identification module; The data module is used to intuitively provide researchers with the determined values ​​of the paternal pollination variables that are suitable for different maternal varieties, so as to obtain the optimal paternal pollination amount and transmit it to the recording module for data retention.

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