A method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method, which comprises S1 sterile line seed production, including: S11 determining the seed production area; S2 hybrid seed production; S3 preventing impurities and maintaining purity, strictly preventing impurities from seedling to harvesting and storage, ensuring that there are no impurities within a range of 200 meters outside the seed production area, only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within a range of 20 meters outside the seed production area, and the impurities are eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity; S4 harvesting and storage; the invention ensures that high-yield sorghum hybrids with strong plants, fast development and high yield are produced according to the steps of sterile line seed production, hybrid seed production, preventing impurities and maintaining purity and harvesting and storage; and strictly preventing impurities from seedling to harvesting and storage, ensuring that there are no impurities within a range of 200 meters outside the seed production area, only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within a range of 20 meters outside the seed production area, and the impurities are eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of field waterlogging disaster simulation devices, in particular to a high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the scope of flood disasters has expanded year by year and the frequency of occurrence has continued to increase. Some areas with poor drainage or high groundwater levels, as well as low-lying and swampy areas, often form waterlogging after floods or heavy rains. The soil in the waterlogged areas has too much moisture and poor ventilation, causing toxic substances to accumulate in the active layer of the crop roots, resulting in the deterioration of the growth environment for crops such as peanuts. This phenomenon can lead to a reduction in production at the very least, and a total loss of harvest in the entire planting area at the worst. Objective and rapid monitoring of the scope and extent of waterlogging disasters is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0004] In view of the above problems and / or the problems existing in the existing method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds. The present invention ensures that high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds with strong plants, fast development and high yield are produced according to the steps of sterile line seed breeding, hybrid seed production, weed prevention and purity preservation and harvesting and storage; and strictly prevents mixing during the process from seedling raising to harvesting and storage, ensuring that there are no weeds within 200 meters outside the seed production area, and only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within 20 meters outside the seed production area, and the weeds are eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds, comprising:

[0008] S1 Sterile line breeding, including: S11 Determine the breeding area. The sterile line breeding area should follow the principle of "sterile line area should be large rather than small" to ensure that there are enough sterile line seeds for subsequent hybrid seed production; S12 Site selection and isolation. The seed production site should be selected from a plot with good soil fertility, uniform soil fertility, flat terrain, and drought and flood-resistant yields. The sterile line breeding field requires strict isolation conditions to prevent foreign pollen from mixing; S13 Sowing and pollination. The sterile line and the maintenance line should be planted adjacent to each other in a certain row ratio, relying on wind pollination and artificial assisted pollination to allow the sterile line to accept the pollen of the maintenance line and obtain sterile seeds. The sowing period should be adjusted according to the growth period of the sterile line and the maintenance line to ensure that the flowering period of the two is similar and that the sterile line has enough pollen;

[0009] S2 Hybrid seed production, including: S21 Determine the seed production area. The hybrid seed production area can be estimated based on the seed demand and the experience of seed production yield per unit area in the next year; S22 Site selection and isolation. The site selection and isolation requirements for hybrid seed production fields are the same as those for sterile line breeding fields; S23 Sowing and pollination. In hybrid seed production fields, sterile lines and restorer lines should be planted in a certain row ratio and sowing period to adjust the flowering period to meet and have enough pollen to ensure that the sterile line is pollinated and fruited to obtain hybrid seeds. The sowing period should be adjusted according to the growth period of the restorer line and the flowering period of the sterile line to ensure that the flowering periods of the two meet;

[0010] S3: Prevent weeds and ensure purity. Strictly prevent weeds from mixing during the process from seedling raising to harvesting and storage. Ensure that there are no weeds within 200 meters outside the seed production area. Only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within 20 meters outside the seed production area. Weeds must be eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity.

[0011] S4 harvesting and storage, including: sun drying in the seed field, cutting off the male parent in the seed field to ensure that there is no male parent in the seed field, cleaning the harvester to ensure that there are no other seeds and debris in the harvester, and harvesting, turning over, drying and storage.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method of the present invention, in the site selection and isolation in S12, commonly used isolation methods include spatial isolation, natural barriers and tall-stalked crop isolation. Spatial isolation requires the isolation area to be more than 500 meters; natural barriers and tall-stalked crop isolation use terrain or tall-stalked crops for isolation according to local conditions.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method described in the present invention, during the pollination process of S1 and S2, a motorized duster is used to drive pollen from the male parent, and the motorized sprayer conduit with a two-way air outlet is placed 5 to 10 cm below the sorghum ear to drive pollen using wind as the medium; pollen is driven 1 to 2 times a day during the early and late flowering stages, and 3 to 4 times a day during the peak flowering stage.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method described in the present invention, field management is also required during the processes of S1 and S2. The field management includes that the hybrid sorghum grows faster after jointing and requires more fertilizer and water, so topdressing and watering should be performed in time to meet its growth needs; the field management also includes tillage, weeding, soil cultivation, and prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth and high yield of the hybrid sorghum.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method described in the present invention, the pest control in the field management focuses on controlling borers, aphids, sheath blight, and anthracnose, and adopts agricultural control, physical control, and biological control methods.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method described in the present invention, the fertilization process of field management advocates the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and early and heavy application of topdressing; wherein, the application time and method of seedling fertilizer, jointing fertilizer and ear fertilizer should be strictly used in accordance with the usage specifications.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method described in the present invention, during the sowing and seedling raising process of S1 and S2, seed treatment is performed before sowing, such as drying and soaking, and then strong seedlings are cultivated under the mulch film for heat preservation. During transplanting, attention is paid to the seedling age and leaf age. After transplanting, the roots are fixed with clear manure water to ensure survival.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention ensures the production of high-yield sorghum hybrids with strong plants, fast development and high yield according to the steps of sterile line seed breeding, hybrid seed production, weed prevention and purity preservation, and harvesting and storage; and strictly prevents mixing during the process from seedling raising to harvesting and storage, ensuring that there are no weeds within 200 meters outside the seed production area, and only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within 20 meters outside the seed production area, and the weeds can be eliminated before flowering and pollen shedding to ensure seed purity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a step diagram of a method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0023] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] The invention provides a method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds. The method ensures that high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds with strong plants, fast development and high yield are produced according to the steps of sterile line seed breeding, hybrid seed production, weed prevention and purity preservation, and harvesting and storage. Furthermore, mixing is strictly prevented from occurring during the process from seedling raising to harvesting and storage, ensuring that there are no weeds within a range of 200 meters outside a seed production area, and only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within a range of 20 meters outside the seed production area, and the weeds are eliminated before flowering and pollination, ensuring seed purity.

[0025] Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of an embodiment of a high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 The main part of a high-yield sorghum hybrid seed production method of this embodiment includes:

[0026] S1 Sterile line breeding, including: S11 Determine the breeding area. The sterile line breeding area should follow the principle of "sterile line area should be large rather than small" to ensure that there are enough sterile line seeds for subsequent hybrid seed production; S12 Site selection and isolation. The seed production site should be selected from a plot with good soil fertility, uniform soil fertility, flat terrain, and drought and flood-resistant yields. The sterile line breeding field requires strict isolation conditions to prevent foreign pollen from mixing; S13 Sowing and pollination. The sterile line and the maintenance line should be planted adjacent to each other in a certain row ratio, relying on wind pollination and artificial assisted pollination to allow the sterile line to accept the pollen of the maintenance line and obtain sterile seeds. The sowing period should be adjusted according to the growth period of the sterile line and the maintenance line to ensure that the flowering period of the two is similar and that the sterile line has enough pollen;

[0027] S2 Hybrid seed production, including: S21 Determine the seed production area. The hybrid seed production area can be estimated based on the seed demand and the experience of seed production yield per unit area in the next year; S22 Site selection and isolation. The site selection and isolation requirements for hybrid seed production fields are the same as those for sterile line breeding fields; S23 Sowing and pollination. In hybrid seed production fields, sterile lines and restorer lines should be planted in a certain row ratio and sowing period to adjust the flowering period to meet and have enough pollen to ensure that the sterile line is pollinated and fruited to obtain hybrid seeds. The sowing period should be adjusted according to the growth period of the restorer line and the flowering period of the sterile line to ensure that the flowering periods of the two meet;

[0028] S3: Prevent weeds and ensure purity. Strictly prevent weeds from mixing during the process from seedling raising to harvesting and storage. Ensure that there are no weeds within 200 meters outside the seed production area. Only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within 20 meters outside the seed production area. Weeds must be eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity.

[0029] S4 harvesting and storage, including: drying the seed field, cutting off the male parent in the seed field to ensure that there is no male parent in the seed field, cleaning the harvester to ensure that there are no other seeds and debris in the harvester, and harvesting, turning over, drying and storage;

[0030] Among them, in the site selection and isolation of S1S12, the commonly used isolation methods are spatial isolation, natural barriers and tall crop isolation. Spatial isolation requires that the isolation area be more than 500 meters; natural barriers and tall crop isolation use terrain or tall crops for isolation according to local conditions; during the pollination process of S1 and S2, use a motorized sprayer to drive the pollen of the male parent, and place the motorized sprayer catheter with a two-way air outlet 5 to 10 cm under the sorghum ear, and use wind as the medium to drive the pollen; drive the pollen 1 to 2 times a day during the early and late flowering stages, and 3 to 4 times a day during the peak flowering stage; during the sowing and seedling raising process of S1 and S2, carry out seed treatment before sowing, such as drying and soaking seeds, and then cultivate strong seedlings under the insulation of the mulch film. Pay attention to the seedling age and leaf age when transplanting, and water the roots with clear manure after transplanting to ensure survival;

[0031] Among them, field management is also needed during S1 and S2. Field management includes that hybrid sorghum grows faster after jointing and requires more fertilizer and water, so topdressing and watering should be applied in time to meet its growth needs; field management also includes tillage, weeding, soil cultivation, and disease and pest control to ensure the healthy growth and high yield of hybrid sorghum; the disease and pest control in field management focuses on the prevention and control of borers, aphids, sheath blight, and anthracnose, and adopts agricultural control, physical control, and biological control methods; the fertilization process of field management advocates the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and early and heavy topdressing; among them, the time and method of application of seedling fertilizer, jointing fertilizer and ear fertilizer should be strictly used in accordance with the specifications.

[0032] Among them, drone image monitoring includes obtaining multispectral data of the peanut experimental field and preprocessing it to obtain multispectral images; classifying the internal objects of the peanut experimental field based on the multispectral images, extracting the vegetation area, soil area and water area, and classifying the water area as the waterlogged area; performing soil moisture inversion on different plots in the soil area, and dividing the plots according to the first preset threshold and the results of soil moisture inversion to obtain waterlogging areas and non-waterlogging areas; performing zoning statistical analysis on the waterlogging area, waterlogging area and non-waterlogging area based on the plot maps of the peanut experimental field to obtain the waterlogging degree judgment results of the peanut experimental field.

[0033] Combination Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds, and the specific use process is as follows: the present invention follows the steps of sterile line seed breeding, hybrid seed production, weed prevention and purity preservation, and harvesting and storage to ensure the production of high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds with strong plants, fast development, and high yield; and strictly prevents mixing during the process from seedling cultivation to harvesting and storage to ensure that there are no weeds within 200 meters outside the seed production area, and only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within 20 meters outside the seed production area, and the weeds are eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various features in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention may be used in combination with each other in any manner, and the fact that these combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification is only for the sake of omitting space and saving resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds, characterized in that: include: S1 Sterile line breeding, including: S11 Determine the breeding area. The sterile line breeding area should follow the principle of "sterile line area should be large rather than small" to ensure that there are enough sterile line seeds for subsequent hybrid seed production; S12 Site selection and isolation. The seed production site should be selected with good soil fertility, uniform soil fertility, flat terrain, and drought and flood-resistant plots, and the sterile line breeding field requires strict isolation conditions to prevent foreign pollen from mixing; S13 Sowing and pollination. The sterile line and the maintenance line should be planted adjacent to each other in a certain row ratio, relying on wind pollination and artificial assisted pollination to allow the sterile line to accept the pollen of the maintenance line and obtain sterile seeds. The sowing period should be adjusted according to the growth period of the sterile line and the maintenance line to ensure that the flowering period of the two is similar and that the sterile line has enough pollen; S2 Hybrid seed production, including: S21 Determine the seed production area. The hybrid seed production area can be estimated based on the seed demand and the experience of seed production yield per unit area in the next year; S22 Site selection and isolation. The site selection and isolation requirements for hybrid seed production fields are the same as those for sterile line breeding fields; S23 Sowing and pollination. In hybrid seed production fields, sterile lines and restorer lines should be planted in a certain row ratio and sowing period to adjust the flowering period to meet and have enough pollen to ensure that the sterile line is pollinated and fruited to obtain hybrid seeds. The sowing period should be adjusted according to the growth period of the restorer line and the flowering period of the sterile line to ensure that the flowering periods of the two meet; S3: Prevent weeds and ensure purity. Strictly prevent weeds from mixing during the process from seedling raising to harvesting and storage. Ensure that there are no weeds within 200 meters outside the seed production area. Only the male parent of the seed production combination can be planted within 20 meters outside the seed production area. Weeds must be eliminated before flowering and pollination to ensure seed purity. S4 harvesting and storage, including: sun drying in the seed field, cutting off the male parent in the seed field to ensure that there is no male parent in the seed field, cleaning the harvester to ensure that there are no other seeds and debris in the harvester, and harvesting, turning over, drying and storage.

2. The method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S12 site selection and isolation, commonly used isolation methods include spatial isolation, natural barriers and tall-stalked crop isolation. Spatial isolation requires the isolation area to be more than 500 meters; natural barriers and tall-stalked crop isolation use terrain or tall-stalked crops for isolation according to local conditions.

3. The method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the pollination process of S1 and S2, a motorized duster is used to drive pollen from the male parent. The guide tube of the motorized duster with a two-way air outlet is placed 5 to 10 cm below the sorghum ear to drive pollen using wind as a medium. Pollen is driven 1 to 2 times a day during the early and late flowering stages, and 3 to 4 times a day during the peak flowering stage.

4. The method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: Field management is also required during the processes of S1 and S2. The field management includes that hybrid sorghum grows faster after jointing and requires more fertilizer and water, so topdressing and watering should be carried out in time to meet its growth needs; the field management also includes tillage and weeding, soil cultivation, and prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth and high yield of hybrid sorghum.

5. The method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds according to claim 4, characterized in that: The field management pest and disease control focuses on controlling stem borers, aphids, sheath blight, and anthracnose, and adopts agricultural control, physical control, and biological control methods.

6. The method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilization process of field management advocates the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and early and heavy application of topdressing; among them, the time and method of application of seedling fertilizer, jointing fertilizer and ear fertilizer should be strictly used according to the specifications.

7. The method for producing high-yield sorghum hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the sowing and seedling raising process of S1 and S2, seed treatment is performed before sowing, such as drying and soaking, and then strong seedlings are cultivated under the mulch film for heat preservation. During transplanting, attention is paid to the seedling age and leaf age. After transplanting, the roots are fixed with clear manure water to ensure survival.

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