A method for breeding rhododendron

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of azalea breeding, in particular to a method for breeding azalea, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting a flower of a female azalea that is about to bloom before hybridization, and peeling off the petals before 10 o'clock in the morning; S2, removing the anther of the male parent at about 10 o'clock in the morning during pollination, and gently shaking the pollen sac opening downward on the female parent's style, so that the pollen block gently falls on the stigma, or gently wipes the stigma; S3, it takes 1.5-2 hours from pollen germination to pollen tube extension; S4, hanging a sign after hybridization, writing the parent name, pollination date and the number of pollinated flowers on the sign, hanging on the peduncle, and registering at the same time; S5, drying the harvested fruits indoors, collecting the fruits when the fruit petals are cracked and the seeds fall out naturally, and writing the parents. The method is simple to operate, and the azalea after breeding and reproduction maintains the unique properties of the female parent and the male parent, and the azalea flowers bloom twice a year, in April to May and August to September respectively, and the flowering cycle is long.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rhododendron breeding, in particular to a rhododendron breeding method. Background Art

[0002] Rhododendron, also known as mountain azalea, mountain pomegranate, and azalea, belongs to the genus Rhododendron of the family Ericaceae. It is an evergreen deciduous shrub or small tree. It likes semi-shade and is afraid of strong light. It is a long-day plant. There are about 900 species of rhododendrons in the world. China is the country with the most rhododendrons, with about 530 species. Rhododendrons have a wide variety of species, gorgeous colors, beautiful flowers and leaves, suitable for ground planting and potted plants. It is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. Rhododendrons generally bloom once a year, and the flowering period is generally between April and June; there are very few rhododendron varieties that bloom twice a year. In order to extend the flowering cycle and flowering times of rhododendrons, it is necessary to provide a method for breeding a rhododendron that can bloom multiple times a year and has a long flowering cycle, as well as a breeding method for the rhododendron.

[0003] Patent CN101080984A discloses a method for breeding and propagating azalea "Jiaoyan Dujuan", which is propagated by grafting and cuttings from bud mutations of the azalea "Ziyan" variety. The azalea has large flowers, but only blooms from April to May a year, and its flowering cycle is short. For this reason, we provide a method for breeding azalea to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding rhododendrons to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for breeding rhododendrons comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, preparation for flowering of the female parent: before hybridization, select the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peel off the petals before 10 am, remove the stamens and observe whether there is secretion on the stigma. Pollinate when the stigma secretes mucus and the surface is shiny;

[0008] S2, preparation for male parent flowering: The anther of azalea is a pair of pot-shaped objects growing at the top of the filament, with the opening at the top and pollen hidden inside. The pollen sticks to each other to form pollinia. For pollination, choose a sunny and windless day. Use tweezers to remove the anther of the male parent at around 10 am, and gently shake it on the female parent's style with the pollen sac opening facing downward, so that the pollen mass gently falls on the stigma, or gently wipes it on the stigma;

[0009] S3, repeated pollination: 1.5-2 hours from pollen germination to pollen tube extension;

[0010] S4, labeling and registration: Labeling after hybridization, with the parental names, pollination date and number of pollinated flowers written on it, is hung on the peduncle and registered at the same time;

[0011] S5, seed collection: observe whether the ovary is expanding and developing. If the ovary gradually becomes larger, it means that pollination is successful. The fruit is harvested in October and November. The harvested fruits are dried indoors and collected when the fruit petals crack and the seeds fall out naturally, and the parents are written down.

[0012] A method for breeding azalea as described above: if secretions appear in step S1, it indicates that pollination can be carried out; if there are no secretions, the flowers with the stamens removed are bagged first.

[0013] A method for breeding azalea as described above: in step S1, 8 to 10 flowers are processed on one azalea plant, 3 to 4 flowers with similar development are kept on one inflorescence, and the rest are removed to save nutrients.

[0014] A method for breeding azalea as described above: In step S2, a pollen germination experiment can be performed before pollination, using a chemical method and selecting indigo for the pollen germination experiment. If the pollen is blue, it means that the pollen is highly mature and has a germination rate.

[0015] In the above-mentioned method for breeding azaleas, in step S3, to ensure successful pollination, pollination is repeated 1 to 2 times within 2 to 3 days after the stigma matures.

[0016] In the above-mentioned method for breeding azaleas, in step S4, labeling and registration are performed simultaneously when storing pollen.

[0017] A method for breeding azalea as described above: after successful pollination in step S5, the seeds are sown in the same year to shorten the hybrid breeding cycle.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention can obtain relatively ideal hybrids through hybrid breeding of maternal and paternal parents, and can obtain excellent azalea varieties. Parents must first be queried and selected. Parents can be wild species or cultivated varieties. Wild species have been growing in nature for a long time, and their ability to survive and compete is far better than that of cultivated varieties. At the same time, a certain trait of wild species is relatively pure and stable. Therefore, wild species are still preferred in parent selection during hybridization. After nearly 6 years of cultivation observation, the variety traits are stable.

[0019] The invention is easy to operate, and the azaleas after breeding and reproduction maintain the special properties of the female parent and the male parent. The azaleas bloom twice a year, in April to May and in August to September respectively, and the flowering period is long. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of a method for breeding rhododendron. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0022] See also Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for breeding azaleas comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1, preparation for flowering of the female parent: before hybridization, select the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peel off the petals before 10 am, remove the stamens and observe whether there is secretion on the stigma. Pollinate when the stigma secretes mucus and the surface is shiny;

[0024] S2, preparation for male parent flowering: The anther of azalea is a pair of pot-shaped objects growing at the top of the filament, with the opening at the top and pollen hidden inside. The pollen sticks to each other to form pollinia. For pollination, choose a sunny and windless day. Use tweezers to remove the anther of the male parent at around 10 am, and gently shake the pollen sac opening downward on the style of the female parent to make the pollen mass gently fall on the stigma, or gently wipe it on the stigma. Process 8 flowers on one azalea plant, leaving 3 flowers with similar development on one inflorescence, and remove the rest to save nutrients;

[0025] S3, repeated pollination: It takes 1.5 hours from pollen germination to pollen tube extension, and pollination is repeated once within 2 days after the stigma matures;

[0026] S4, labeling and registration: Labeling after hybridization, with the parental names, pollination date and number of pollinated flowers written on it, is hung on the peduncle and registered at the same time;

[0027] S5, seed collection: observe whether the ovary is expanding and developing. If the ovary gradually becomes larger, it means that pollination is successful. The fruit is harvested in October and November. The harvested fruits are dried indoors and collected when the fruit petals crack and the seeds fall out naturally, and the parents are written down.

[0028] See also Figure 1 As another embodiment of the present invention, a method for breeding azaleas comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1, preparation for flowering of the female parent: before hybridization, select the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peel off the petals before 10 am, remove the stamens and observe whether there is secretion on the stigma. Pollinate when the stigma secretes mucus and the surface is shiny. Process 10 flowers on one azalea plant, keep 4 flowers with similar development on one inflorescence, and remove the rest to save nutrients;

[0030] S2, preparation for male parent flowering: The anther of azalea is a pair of pot-shaped objects growing at the top of the filament, with the opening at the top and pollen hidden inside. The pollen sticks to each other to form pollinia. For pollination, choose a sunny and windless day. Use tweezers to remove the anther of the male parent at around 10 am, and gently shake it on the female parent's style with the pollen sac opening facing downward, so that the pollen mass gently falls on the stigma, or gently wipes it on the stigma;

[0031] S3, repeated pollination: It takes 2 hours from pollen germination to pollen tube penetration, and pollination is repeated twice within 2 days after the stigma matures;

[0032] S4, labeling and registration: Labeling after hybridization, with the parental names, pollination date and number of pollinated flowers written on it, is hung on the peduncle and registered at the same time;

[0033] S5, seed collection: observe whether the ovary is expanding and developing. If the ovary gradually becomes larger, it means that pollination is successful. The fruit is harvested in October and November. The harvested fruits are dried indoors and collected when the fruit petals crack and the seeds fall out naturally, and the parents are written down.

[0034] See also Figure 1 As another embodiment of the present invention, a method for breeding azaleas comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1, preparation for flowering of the female parent: before hybridization, select the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peel off the petals before 10 am, remove the stamens and observe whether there is secretion on the stigma. Pollinate when the stigma secretes mucus and the surface is shiny. Process 10 flowers on one azalea plant, keep 3 flowers with similar development on one inflorescence, and remove the rest to save nutrients;

[0036] S2, preparation for male parent flowering: The anther of azalea is a pair of pot-shaped objects growing at the top of the filament, with the opening at the top and pollen hidden inside. The pollen sticks to each other to form pollinia. For pollination, choose a sunny and windless day. Use tweezers to remove the anther of the male parent at around 10 am, and gently shake it on the female parent's style with the pollen sac opening facing downward, so that the pollen mass gently falls on the stigma, or gently wipes it on the stigma;

[0037] S3, repeated pollination: It takes 1.5 hours from pollen germination to pollen tube penetration, and pollination is repeated once more 3 hours after the stigma matures;

[0038] S4, labeling and registration: Labeling after hybridization, with the parental names, pollination date and number of pollinated flowers written on it, is hung on the peduncle and registered at the same time;

[0039] S5, seed collection: observe whether the ovary is expanding and developing. If the ovary gradually becomes larger, it means that pollination is successful. The fruit is harvested in October and November. The harvested fruits are dried indoors and collected when the fruit petals crack and the seeds fall out naturally, and the parents are written down.

[0040] The invention is easy to operate, and the azaleas after breeding and reproduction maintain the special properties of the female parent and the male parent. The azaleas bloom twice a year, in April to May and in August to September respectively, and the flowering period is long.

[0041] The above embodiments are exemplary rather than restrictive, so the technical solutions of the present invention that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention are all included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding rhododendrons, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1, preparation for flowering of the female parent: before hybridization, select the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peel off the petals before 10 am, remove the stamens and observe whether there is secretion on the stigma. Pollinate when the stigma secretes mucus and the surface is shiny; S2, preparation for male parent flowering: The anther of azalea is a pair of pot-shaped objects growing at the top of the filament, with the opening at the top and pollen hidden inside. The pollen sticks to each other to form pollinia. For pollination, choose a sunny and windless day. Use tweezers to remove the anther of the male parent at around 10 am, and gently shake it on the female parent's style with the pollen sac opening facing downward, so that the pollen mass gently falls on the stigma, or gently wipes it on the stigma; S3, repeated pollination: 1.5-2 hours from pollen germination to pollen tube extension; S4, labeling and registration: Labeling after hybridization, with the parental names, pollination date and number of pollinated flowers written on it, is hung on the peduncle and registered at the same time; S5, seed collection: observe whether the ovary is expanding and developing. If the ovary gradually becomes larger, it means that pollination is successful. The fruit is harvested in October and November. The harvested fruits are dried indoors and collected when the fruit petals crack and the seeds fall out naturally, and the parents are written down.

2. A method for breeding rhododendrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: If secretions appear in step S1, it indicates that pollination can be carried out. If there are no secretions, the flowers with the stamens removed are bagged first.

3. The method for breeding rhododendrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, 8 to 10 flowers are processed on one azalea plant, 3 to 4 flowers with similar development are kept on one inflorescence, and the rest are removed to save nutrients.

4. The method for breeding rhododendrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, before pollination, a pollen germination experiment can be performed first. A chemical method is used, and indigo is selected for the pollen germination experiment. If the pollen is blue, it means that the pollen is highly mature and has a germination rate.

5. The method for breeding rhododendrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: To ensure successful pollination in step S3, pollination is repeated 1 to 2 times within 2 to 3 days after the stigma matures.

6. The method for breeding rhododendrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the labeling and registration of pollen storage should be carried out simultaneously.

7. The method for breeding rhododendrons according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the pollination is successful in step S5, the seeds are sown in the same year to shorten the hybrid breeding cycle.

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