Power supply circuit and power supply control method

Abstract

The invention provides a power supply circuit and a power supply control method, and belongs to the technical field of electronic control. The power supply circuit comprises a constant-current power supply module and a plurality of branch constant-current modules; the constant current power supply module is used for providing a constant current signal; the input end of the first-stage branch constant-current module is connected to the output end of the constant-current power supply module, and the input end of each branch constant-current module at the rear stage is connected to the output end of the branch constant-current module at the front stage; each branch constant current module is connected with a load; and each branch constant current module is used for receiving the constant current signal, converting the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal meeting the requirement of the connected load, and outputting the constant voltage signal to the connected load. Through hierarchical connection of the constant current power supply module and the branch constant current module, accurate conversion from a constant current signal to a constant voltage signal meeting diversified load requirements is realized, accurate adaptation to the diversified load requirements in a power supply system is realized, and meanwhile, the stability of power supply is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic control technology, and in particular to a power supply circuit and a power supply control method. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of power supply systems in the fields of seabed observation, industrial control, etc., higher requirements are put forward for the stability and adaptability of load power supply. At present, the power supply methods are mainly divided into two categories: constant voltage power supply and constant current power supply. Among them, the constant voltage power supply method is widely adopted for its high power transmission efficiency and low initial cost. However, in the face of complex load environments, due to the limited adaptability of the system to the diverse needs of the load, short circuit faults or load fluctuations often cause system instability, resulting in increased maintenance costs. In contrast, the constant current power supply method has become a new development direction with its advantages of short circuit resistance and fault location accuracy. However, the existing constant current power supply technology still faces the problems of low control accuracy, complex design, and inflexible power matching in practical applications, and it is difficult to meet the requirements for voltage stability and power supply reliability in complex load environments. These problems not only limit the scalability and operation efficiency of the system, but also lead to insufficient stability of the system when the load is connected or the power fluctuates.

[0003] Therefore, how to achieve accurate adaptation to the diversified load demands in the power supply system while ensuring the stability of power supply has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a power supply circuit and a power supply control method, which are used to solve the defects in the prior art, realize accurate adaptation to the diversified requirements of loads in the power supply system, and ensure the stability of power supply.

[0005] The present invention provides a power supply circuit, comprising: a constant current power supply module and a plurality of branch constant current modules; The constant current power supply module is used to provide a constant current signal; All the branch constant current modules are connected in series step by step, wherein the input end of the first-stage branch constant current module is connected to the output end of the constant current power module, and the input end of each branch constant current module of the subsequent stage is connected to the output end of the branch constant current module of the previous stage; each branch constant current module is connected to a load; Each of the branch constant current modules is used to receive the constant current signal and convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and output the constant voltage signal to the connected load.

[0006] According to a power supply circuit provided by the present invention, the branch constant current module includes a voltage protection submodule, a constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, a voltage stabilization submodule and a balancing submodule; The first end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current power module, and the second end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, for receiving the constant current signal and performing overvoltage protection on the input voltage; The second end of the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule is connected to the first end of the voltage stabilizing submodule, and is used to convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal; The second end of the voltage stabilization submodule is connected to the load, and is used to further stabilize the constant voltage signal and output the stabilized constant voltage signal to the load; The balancing submodule is connected in parallel with the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule or the load, and is used to dynamically adjust the power balance of the branch constant current module.

[0007] According to a power supply circuit provided by the present invention, the voltage protection submodule includes a primary protection unit and a secondary protection unit; The first end of the primary protection unit is connected to the constant current power supply module, and the second end of the primary protection unit is connected to the secondary protection unit, for performing protection when the input voltage is greater than a first safety threshold; The second end of the secondary protection unit is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, and is used to trigger bypass protection when the input voltage is greater than a second safety threshold; the second safety threshold is greater than the first safety threshold.

[0008] According to a power supply circuit provided by the present invention, the primary protection unit includes at least one voltage stabilizing diode; All of the voltage zener diodes are connected in a preset connection mode, and the preset connection mode is any one of a series connection, a parallel connection, and a series-parallel connection.

[0009] According to a power supply circuit provided by the present invention, the secondary protection unit includes a controllable voltage stabilizing chip, a thyristor, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the first end of the second resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module; The reference voltage level of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the second end of the second resistor, the cathode of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the control electrode of the thyristor, and the anode of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power supply module; The second end of the third resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power supply module; The anode of the thyristor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the cathode of the thyristor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module.

[0010] According to a power supply circuit provided by the present invention, the balancing submodule includes a magnetic device, a freewheeling diode, a controllable switch tube, a capacitor and a fourth resistor; The first end of the magnetic device and the first end of the freewheeling diode are both connected to the first end of the controllable switch tube; The capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor, and the first end of the capacitor and the first end of the fourth resistor are both connected to the second end of the freewheeling diode; The second end of the capacitor, the second end of the fourth resistor and the second end of the controllable switch are all connected to the negative electrode of the input voltage; The second end of the magnetic device is connected to the positive pole of the input voltage.

[0011] According to a power supply circuit provided by the present invention, the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule is implemented by a preset conversion circuit topology structure, and the preset conversion circuit topology structure is any one of a Buck topology structure, a Sepic topology structure or a Zeta topology structure.

[0012] The present invention also provides a power supply control method, comprising: Providing a constant current signal to each branch constant current module through a constant current power supply module; The constant current signal is received by each branch constant current module, and the constant current signal is converted into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and the constant voltage signal is output to the connected load.

[0013] According to a power supply control method provided by the present invention, the constant current signal is received by each branch constant current module, and the constant current signal is converted into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and the constant voltage signal is output to the connected load, specifically comprising: The voltage protection submodule receives the constant current signal and performs overvoltage protection on the input voltage; The constant current signal is converted into a constant voltage signal by a constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule; The constant voltage signal is further stabilized by a voltage stabilization submodule, and the stabilized constant voltage signal is output to a load; The power balance of the branch constant current module is dynamically adjusted through the balancing submodule.

[0014] According to a power supply control method provided by the present invention, the voltage protection submodule receives the constant current signal and performs overvoltage protection on the input voltage, specifically comprising: When the first-level protection unit determines that the input voltage is less than the first safety threshold, the protection mechanism is not triggered, so that the subsequent circuit operates normally; When the first-level protection unit determines that the input voltage is greater than or equal to the first safety threshold and less than the second safety threshold, the input voltage is continuously detected until the input voltage is less than the first safety threshold; When the secondary protection unit determines that the input voltage is greater than or equal to the second safety threshold, the bypass protection mechanism is triggered to prevent the subsequent circuit from operating.

[0015] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: By adopting the design scheme of the power supply circuit, a constant current power supply module is provided to provide a constant current signal, so as to achieve the stability of the current at the input end of the power supply system, and avoid the influence of current fluctuation on the performance of the subsequent circuit; all branch constant current modules are connected in series step by step, wherein the input end of the first-stage branch constant current module is connected to the output end of the constant current power supply module, and the input end of each branch constant current module of the latter stage is connected to the output end of the branch constant current module of the previous stage, so as to realize modular design in the system structure, enhance the scalability and flexibility of the power supply system, and enable it to adapt to application scenarios with different load requirements; the constant current signal is received by the branch constant current module and converted into a constant voltage signal, so as to realize the precise adaptation from current to voltage and meet the requirements of diversified loads; finally, the branch constant current module outputs a constant voltage signal that meets the load requirements, so as to ensure the stable operation of the load end and improve the stability of power supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the power supply circuit provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the branch constant current module provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the branch constant current module provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a circuit diagram of the voltage protection submodule provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a series connection, a parallel connection and a series-parallel connection provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a circuit diagram of the balancing submodule provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of closed-loop control based on load current provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of closed-loop control based on output voltage provided by the present invention.

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a flow chart of a power supply control method provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0028] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "electrical connection", "electrical connection" or "communication electrical connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "electrical connection", "electrical connection" or "communication electrical connection" can refer to not only physical electrical connection, but also electrical connection or signal electrical connection. For example, it can be a direct electrical connection, that is, a physical electrical connection, or an indirect electrical connection through at least one intermediate element, as long as the circuit is connected, or it can be the internal connection of two elements; signal electrical connection can refer to signal electrical connection through a media medium, such as radio waves, in addition to signal electrical connection through a circuit. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 9 The power supply circuit provided by the present invention is described.

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the power supply circuit provided by the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the power supply circuit includes: a constant current power supply module and a plurality of branch constant current modules; Constant current power supply module, used to provide a constant current signal; All branch constant current modules are connected in series step by step, wherein the input end of the first-stage branch constant current module is connected to the output end of the constant current power module, and the input end of each branch constant current module of the subsequent stage is connected to the output end of the branch constant current module of the previous stage; each branch constant current module is connected to a load; Each branch constant current module is used to receive a constant current signal and convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and output the constant voltage signal to the connected load.

[0031] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit includes a constant current power supply module and a plurality of branch constant current modules, wherein the constant current power supply module is used to provide a constant current signal, which is the core basis for the stable operation of the system. By providing a stable constant current signal, the influence of input current fluctuations on system performance and load stability can be effectively avoided. As the power supply core of the entire system, the constant current power supply module provides a consistent current signal for the branch constant current module, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the functions of subsequent modules.

[0032] All branch constant current modules are connected in series step by step, wherein the input end of the first-stage branch constant current module is connected to the output end of the constant current power module, and the input end of each branch constant current module of the subsequent stage is connected to the output end of the previous-stage branch constant current module; and each branch constant current module is connected to a load, and the reception, conversion and distribution functions of the constant current signal are realized through structured circuit design. Specifically, the branch constant current module accurately converts the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load through its internal sub-modules, and outputs the constant voltage signal to the connected load. The purpose of this design is to meet the needs of diversified loads while ensuring the constant input current of the system, thereby improving the compatibility and applicability of the system.

[0033] Through hierarchical connection, each branch constant current module can independently process the input constant current signal and convert it into a corresponding constant voltage signal. This modular design not only enhances the scalability of the system, enabling it to easily cope with application scenarios of different scales and complexities, but also effectively avoids mutual interference between loads and improves the stability of the power supply system. In addition, the hierarchical connection design between the constant current power supply module and the branch constant current module enables the power supply system to meet the load requirements while also having higher efficiency and reliability, thereby further improving the overall performance of the power supply system.

[0034] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is one of the structural diagrams of the branch constant current module provided by this aspect. Figure 2 As shown, the branch constant current module includes a voltage protection submodule, a constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, a voltage stabilization submodule and a balancing submodule; The first end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current power module, and the second end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, for receiving a constant current signal and performing overvoltage protection on the input voltage; The second end of the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule is connected to the first end of the voltage stabilizing submodule, and is used to convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal; The second end of the voltage stabilization submodule is connected to the load, and is used to further stabilize the constant voltage signal and output the stabilized constant voltage signal to the load; The balancing submodule is connected in parallel with the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule or the load, and is used to dynamically adjust the power balance of the branch constant current module.

[0035] In this embodiment, the design of the branch constant current module mainly includes a voltage protection sub-module, a constant current and constant voltage regulation sub-module, a voltage stabilization sub-module and a balancing sub-module. These modules jointly complete the conversion of current signals and the stable output of voltage signals through reasonable connection and functional division of labor to meet the dynamic needs of the load and improve the reliability and adaptability of the power supply system.

[0036] First, the first end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current power module, and the second end is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule. Its main function is to receive the constant current signal and perform overvoltage protection on the input voltage. The original intention of the design of this module is to deal with the abnormal input voltage that may occur in the power supply system, such as instantaneous overvoltage or other external interference. If the input voltage exceeds the safety threshold, the voltage protection submodule can respond in time to avoid damage to subsequent modules and loads, thereby improving the reliability of the system.

[0037] After the voltage protection submodule, the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule is used to convert the input constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the load requirements. The function of this module is to complete the precise conversion from current to voltage to adapt to diverse load requirements. Its second end is connected to the first end of the voltage stabilization submodule to further achieve the voltage stabilization output of the signal. The constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule is a CC-CV circuit, which can efficiently adjust the constant current signal to the target voltage through a flexible topology design (such as Buck, Sepic or Zeta topology) to ensure the accuracy and stability of the output voltage.

[0038] More specifically, the Buck topology is a common step-down converter whose core goal is to convert the input higher DC voltage into a lower stable DC voltage. It is widely used due to its high efficiency and simple structure. Its working principle is based on the high-speed switching of switching devices, and voltage regulation is achieved through the energy storage and release of inductors and capacitors. Specifically, the input DC voltage is controlled by the on-off control of the power switch tube, and the current is intermittently injected into the inductor. The inductor stores energy when the switch tube is turned on, releases energy through the freewheeling diode when it is turned off, and is smoothed out by the filter capacitor to obtain a lower and stable DC output voltage. This topology is suitable for scenarios where the load voltage is lower than the input voltage. It has the advantages of high efficiency and low noise, but it cannot achieve the boost function.

[0039] The Sepic topology is a buck-boost DC-DC converter, and its full name is Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter. It can flexibly output a voltage higher or lower than the input voltage, and is suitable for scenarios where the input voltage may fluctuate over a wide range. The Sepic topology circuit contains two inductors (or a coupled inductor), a coupled capacitor, a switch tube, and a freewheeling diode. The core idea is to effectively transfer and store energy during the switching cycle through the coupling of inductors and capacitors. When the switch is turned on, the inductor absorbs energy and transfers part of the energy to the output through the coupling capacitor; when the switch is turned off, the inductor releases energy and transmits it to the load through the diode. Compared with the traditional Buck or Boost topology, Sepic not only provides buck-boost function, but also isolates the DC components of the input and output through the coupling capacitor, and has good anti-interference ability.

[0040] The Zeta topology is similar to the Sepic topology and is also a buck-boost DC-DC converter, but its circuit configuration and energy transfer method are slightly different. The characteristic of the Zeta topology is that the energy transfer between the input and output is achieved through a coupled inductor and an energy storage capacitor, and the output voltage polarity is consistent with the input voltage. Its working principle is that when the switch tube is turned on, the input energy is stored by the inductor, and part of the energy is transferred to the output through the coupling capacitor; when the switch tube is turned off, the energy released by the inductor powers the load through the diode, and the coupling capacitor provides additional energy support. Compared with the Sepic topology, the Zeta topology has better output current continuity and is suitable for loads with higher requirements for current stability, but due to the addition of a coupling capacitor, its circuit implementation is slightly more complicated and the efficiency may be slightly lower.

[0041] In general, these three topologies are suitable for different application scenarios: Buck is suitable for pure step-down requirements, Sepic is suitable for step-up and step-down scenarios that require input and output isolation, and Zeta is suitable for step-up and step-down scenarios that require high current output quality. Each topology achieves efficient conversion from input voltage to output voltage through reasonable design of inductors, capacitors and switching devices, meeting efficient power supply solutions for different load requirements.

[0042] Next, the second end of the voltage stabilization submodule is connected to the load. Its main function is to further stabilize the constant voltage signal and finally output the stabilized voltage signal to the load. The voltage stabilization submodule is the CV-CV circuit, which can effectively cope with the voltage fluctuations or power demand changes that may occur at the load end through multiple voltage stabilization designs of the signal, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the load. This phased voltage stabilization process enables the entire power supply system to show higher stability and compatibility at the load end.

[0043] In addition, the balancing submodule is connected in parallel with the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule or the load to achieve dynamic adjustment of the power balance of the branch constant current module. In one connection mode, when the balancing submodule is connected in parallel with the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule, you can refer to Figure 2 In another connection mode, when the balancing submodule is connected in parallel with the load, you can refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is the second structural diagram of the branch constant current module provided by this aspect. In practical applications, when the power of the back-end load fluctuates (such as the access or switching of the load), the balancing submodule can monitor and adjust the power distribution in real time to maintain the power balance of the entire system. This design not only improves the response speed of the power supply system under dynamic conditions, but also greatly enhances the stability and reliability of the system.

[0044] Through the above design, the branch constant current module realizes a complete functional link from input to output, and at the same time solves the key problems caused by voltage anomalies, load mismatch and power fluctuations in the power supply system.

[0045] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the voltage protection submodule provided by the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the voltage protection submodule includes a primary protection unit and a secondary protection unit; The first end of the primary protection unit is connected to the constant current power supply module, and the second end of the primary protection unit is connected to the secondary protection unit, for protection when the input voltage is greater than the first safety threshold; The second end of the secondary protection unit is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, and is used to trigger bypass protection when the input voltage is greater than a second safety threshold; the second safety threshold is greater than the first safety threshold.

[0046] In this embodiment, the voltage protection submodule is designed to provide a hierarchical overvoltage protection function for the power supply system to cope with possible input voltage anomalies and protect the safe operation of subsequent modules. The submodule includes a primary protection unit and a secondary protection unit, which effectively improves the reliability and stability of the system through a hierarchical protection mechanism.

[0047] First, the first end of the primary protection unit is connected to the constant current power module, and the second end is connected to the secondary protection unit, which is used to activate the protection function when the input voltage is greater than the first safety threshold. The primary protection unit can quickly act when the voltage exceeds the first safety threshold through the design of the voltage regulator diode, and shunt the excess voltage to a safe path, thereby avoiding the direct impact of high voltage on subsequent modules. This design adopts the series, parallel or series-parallel combination of voltage regulator diodes, and selects the optimal connection scheme according to actual needs to provide accurate and reliable protection in different application scenarios.

[0048] Next, the second end of the secondary protection unit is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule to further provide a high level of protection function. When the input voltage exceeds the second safety threshold, the secondary protection unit triggers the bypass protection and bypasses the excessive input voltage directly to a safe state. The secondary protection unit achieves this function through the coordinated work of the thyristor and the controllable voltage regulator chip. Among them, the control electrode of the thyristor is connected to the controllable voltage regulator chip through a resistor network to ensure the accuracy of the trigger signal. When the input voltage exceeds the second safety threshold, the thyristor is triggered to turn on, and the overvoltage bypass operation is quickly completed to protect the subsequent circuit from high voltage. Since the second safety threshold is higher than the first safety threshold, the secondary protection unit is only activated in extreme overvoltage conditions, thereby ensuring the reliability and redundancy of the system.

[0049] Through the hierarchical design of the primary protection unit and the secondary protection unit, the voltage protection submodule can take different levels of response measures according to the degree of abnormality of the input voltage. This hierarchical protection strategy not only improves the system's ability to cope with abnormal situations, but also significantly reduces unnecessary protection triggering and extends the service life of key components of the system. Ultimately, the design ensures that the input voltage is always within a safe range, providing a reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, while enhancing the anti-interference ability and operational reliability of the entire power supply system.

[0050] In a possible implementation, Figure 4 As shown, the primary protection unit includes at least one voltage stabilizing diode; All the voltage zener diodes are connected according to a preset connection mode, and the preset connection mode is any one of a series connection, a parallel connection, and a series-parallel connection.

[0051] In this embodiment, the design of the primary protection unit is based on the voltage stabilizing diode, which is used to provide basic protection when the input voltage exceeds the first safety threshold. The purpose of this design is to quickly respond to changes in the input voltage to prevent overvoltage from directly affecting subsequent modules, causing circuit damage or system instability.

[0052] Specifically, in Figure 4 In the embodiment, the primary protection unit includes at least one voltage stabilizing diode (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter D), all voltage regulator diodes are combined and connected according to a preset connection method, which can be any one of a series connection, a parallel connection, or a series-parallel connection. Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a series connection, a parallel connection and a series-parallel connection provided by the present invention. The specific connection method is as follows Figure 5 As shown. By selecting different connection methods, the protection characteristics of the primary protection unit can be flexibly adjusted. For example, in the series connection mode, the withstand voltage value of the voltage-stabilizing diode will be superimposed, thereby increasing the voltage threshold of the primary protection unit, which is suitable for higher voltage scenarios; in the parallel connection mode, the current capacity of the voltage-stabilizing diode will increase, thereby improving the ability to handle large current overvoltage; and the series-parallel connection mode combines the advantages of both, which can not only increase the withstand voltage value, but also enhance the current handling capability, and is suitable for complex power supply environments.

[0053] In actual operation, when the input voltage exceeds the rated voltage of the Zener diode, the Zener diode enters the on state and quickly shunts the excessive voltage, thereby limiting the input voltage to a safe range. Through such a protection mechanism, the subsequent modules can be effectively protected when a transient overvoltage occurs in the circuit, avoiding irreversible damage caused by overvoltage. In addition, the Zener diode has an extremely fast response speed and can complete the protection action within microseconds, thereby significantly improving the system's ability to respond to overvoltage faults.

[0054] This design achieves the adaptability of the primary protection unit to different scenarios through a flexible combination of connection methods, thus meeting various application requirements. It strikes a balance between protection performance and economy, ensuring system reliability while reducing system complexity and cost.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the secondary protection unit includes a controllable voltage stabilizing chip, a thyristor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the first end of the second resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module; The reference voltage level of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the second end of the second resistor, the cathode of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the control electrode of the thyristor, and the anode of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power supply module; The second end of the third resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power supply module; The anode of the thyristor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the cathode of the thyristor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module.

[0056] In this embodiment, the secondary protection unit is designed to provide a high-precision, high-response overvoltage protection function, which is used to trigger bypass protection when the input voltage exceeds the second safety threshold. Different from the basic protection function of the primary protection unit, the secondary protection unit can accurately detect and handle extreme overvoltage conditions by introducing controllable voltage stabilization chips and thyristors, thereby further improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0057] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, the secondary protection unit includes a controllable voltage regulator chip, a thyristor (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter VT1), the first resistor (in Figure 4 Indicated by letter R1), the second resistor (in Figure 4 denoted by the letter R2) and a third resistor (in Figure 4 Indicated by letter R3). Among them, the cathode of the controllable voltage regulator chip (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter K), anode (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter A) and the reference voltage level (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter R); the cathode of the thyristor (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter K), anode (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter A) and the control electrode (in Figure 4 Indicated by the letter G). The first end of the first resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module for voltage division and providing a reference voltage, and the first end of the second resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module for forming a reference voltage division network. The reference voltage level of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the second end of the second resistor, thereby receiving the voltage division signal of the input voltage and providing a stable reference voltage signal.

[0058] When the input voltage exceeds the second safety threshold, the output voltage of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip changes, and its cathode is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the control electrode of the thyristor, providing a trigger signal to the thyristor. The second end of the third resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module to limit the magnitude of the control current and avoid false triggering of the thyristor. The anode of the thyristor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module. By triggering the conduction, the excessive input voltage is bypassed to the safe path.

[0059] This design enables the secondary protection unit to quickly trigger the conduction of the thyristor when it detects that the input voltage exceeds the second safety threshold, completing the overvoltage protection of the circuit. After the thyristor is turned on, the input voltage is quickly released to a safe level, thereby protecting the subsequent circuit and load from high voltage damage. At the same time, because the thyristor has high voltage resistance and high current handling capabilities, the design can cope with extreme overvoltage or high-power load abnormalities.

[0060] By using the coordinated work of controllable voltage regulator chips and thyristors, the secondary protection unit not only has accurate voltage detection capabilities, but also achieves rapid protection response, effectively making up for the shortcomings of the primary protection unit under extreme conditions. Ultimately, this design ensures the stability and safety of the system in a wide range of voltage anomalies, further enhancing the reliability and adaptability of the entire power supply circuit.

[0061] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of the balancing submodule provided by the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the balancing submodule includes a magnetic device, a freewheeling diode, a controllable switch tube, a capacitor and a fourth resistor; The first end of the magnetic device and the first end of the freewheeling diode are both connected to the first end of the controllable switch tube; The capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor, and the first end of the capacitor and the first end of the fourth resistor are both connected to the second end of the freewheeling diode; The second end of the capacitor, the second end of the fourth resistor and the second end of the controllable switch tube are all connected to the negative electrode of the input voltage; The second terminal of the magnetic device is connected to the positive pole of the input voltage.

[0062] In this embodiment, the design of the balancing submodule is to deal with the instability of the power supply system caused by load power fluctuations, achieve power balance through dynamic adjustment, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system. Figure 6 denoted by the letter C) and the fourth resistor (in Figure 6 The components are connected by reasonable circuits to jointly complete the dynamic power regulation function.

[0063] Specifically, the first end of the magnetic device and the first end of the freewheeling diode are both connected to the first end of the controllable switch tube, the magnetic device buffers the instantaneous fluctuation of the load power by storing and releasing energy, and the freewheeling diode is used to provide a continuous current path to avoid current interruption when the switch tube is in action. The capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor to absorb or release electrical energy when the load power changes, and the first end of the capacitor and the first end of the fourth resistor are both connected to the second end of the freewheeling diode to achieve smooth processing of the freewheeling current.

[0064] In order to form a complete circuit, the second end of the capacitor, the second end of the fourth resistor and the second end of the controllable switch are all connected to the negative pole of the input voltage, and the second end of the magnetic device is connected to the positive pole of the input voltage. This connection method can quickly adjust the power distribution of the circuit when the input voltage fluctuates, thereby balancing the power demand of the load.

[0065] The balancing submodule realizes dynamic regulation through the on / off control of the controllable switch tube, and its switch signal is generated by the closed-loop control logic in the system. Specifically, the system detects the load current or the output voltage signal of the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule in real time through the closed-loop control logic, and compares the detected value with the preset reference value, generates an error signal and feeds it back to the balancing submodule. In the closed-loop control mode based on load current (such as Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The controller generates a driving signal based on the error signal between the detected load current value and the reference value through proportional-integral-differential (PID) or other control algorithms to adjust the duty cycle of the controllable switch tube in the balancing submodule, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of power distribution. By adjusting the charging and discharging behavior of the capacitor and the energy storage and release efficiency of the magnetic device, the balancing submodule can quickly respond to the error signal and compensate for the power imbalance caused by load power fluctuations.

[0066] In the closed-loop control mode based on the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule output voltage (such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 Schematic diagram of closed-loop control based on output voltage provided by the present invention), the controller detects the output voltage of the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, and compares the detected value with the target voltage value. If the output voltage deviates from the target value, the controller generates a corresponding adjustment signal according to the voltage deviation, and feeds it back to the controllable switch tube of the balancing submodule, and restores the power balance of the system by dynamically adjusting its switch state. The closed-loop control logic ensures that the balancing submodule can respond to the adjustment signal of the controller, realizes rapid compensation for the output voltage fluctuation of the front-end module, and avoids the voltage fluctuation caused by the load power change from being transmitted to other parts of the system.

[0067] Through real-time adjustment of closed-loop control, the balancing submodule can not only dynamically respond to changes in load power, but also effectively distribute power in multi-module parallel working scenarios to avoid overload or unbalanced power supply problems. In addition, this closed-loop control mechanism significantly improves the system's anti-interference ability and can quickly recover from system instability caused by sudden load fluctuations.

[0068] By adopting a combination of magnetic devices, freewheeling diodes, and parallel capacitor-resistor networks, the balancing submodule effectively achieves dynamic adaptation to load power fluctuations. This design not only improves the stability of the system, but also reduces the impact of load switching or power changes on other modules, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the entire power supply circuit. In addition, the dynamic adjustment capability of the module also enhances the adaptability of the system in complex power supply scenarios, enabling it to maintain efficient and stable working conditions under various load conditions. Ultimately, the design of the balancing submodule significantly improves the reliability and overall performance of the power supply system.

[0069] The present application also provides a method, which is applied to the circuit of any of the above embodiments, referring to Fig. 9 , which shows a flow chart of a power supply control method provided by the present invention, the method comprises steps 1 to 2: Step 1: Provide a constant current signal to each branch constant current module through a constant current power supply module.

[0070] Step 2: Receive the constant current signal through each branch constant current module, convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and output the constant voltage signal to the connected load.

[0071] In a possible implementation, step 2 specifically includes the following steps: The voltage protection submodule receives the constant current signal and performs overvoltage protection on the input voltage; The constant current signal is converted into a constant voltage signal through a constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule; The constant voltage signal is further stabilized by a voltage stabilization submodule, and the stabilized constant voltage signal is output to a load; The power balance of the branch constant current module is dynamically adjusted through the balancing submodule.

[0072] In a possible implementation, receiving the constant current signal through the voltage protection submodule and performing overvoltage protection on the input voltage specifically includes the following steps: When the first-level protection unit determines that the input voltage is less than the first safety threshold, the protection mechanism is not triggered, so that the subsequent circuit can operate normally; When the first-level protection unit determines that the input voltage is greater than or equal to the first safety threshold and less than the second safety threshold, the input voltage is continuously detected until the input voltage is less than the first safety threshold; When the secondary protection unit determines that the input voltage is greater than or equal to the second safety threshold, the bypass protection mechanism is triggered to prevent the subsequent circuit from operating.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, characterized in that: It includes a constant current power supply module and multiple branch constant current modules; The constant current power supply module is used to provide a constant current signal; All the branch constant current modules are connected in series step by step, wherein the input end of the first-stage branch constant current module is connected to the output end of the constant current power module, and the input end of each branch constant current module of the subsequent stage is connected to the output end of the branch constant current module of the previous stage; each branch constant current module is connected to a load; Each of the branch constant current modules is used to receive the constant current signal and convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and output the constant voltage signal to the connected load.

2. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch constant current module includes a voltage protection submodule, a constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, a voltage stabilization submodule and a balancing submodule; The first end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current power module, and the second end of the voltage protection submodule is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, for receiving the constant current signal and performing overvoltage protection on the input voltage; The second end of the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule is connected to the first end of the voltage stabilizing submodule, and is used to convert the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal; The second end of the voltage stabilization submodule is connected to the load, and is used to further stabilize the constant voltage signal and output the stabilized constant voltage signal to the load; The balancing submodule is connected in parallel with the constant current and constant voltage regulating submodule or the load, and is used to dynamically adjust the power balance of the branch constant current module.

3. The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The voltage protection submodule includes a primary protection unit and a secondary protection unit; The first end of the primary protection unit is connected to the constant current power supply module, and the second end of the primary protection unit is connected to the secondary protection unit, for performing protection when the input voltage is greater than a first safety threshold; The second end of the secondary protection unit is connected to the constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule, and is used to trigger bypass protection when the input voltage is greater than a second safety threshold; The second safety threshold is greater than the first safety threshold.

4. The power supply circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The primary protection unit includes at least one voltage stabilizing diode; All of the voltage zener diodes are connected in a preset connection mode, and the preset connection mode is any one of a series connection, a parallel connection, and a series-parallel connection.

5. The power supply circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The secondary protection unit includes a controllable voltage stabilizing chip, a thyristor, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the first end of the second resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module; The reference voltage level of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the second end of the second resistor, the cathode of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the control electrode of the thyristor, and the anode of the controllable voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power supply module; The second end of the third resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power supply module; The anode of the thyristor is connected to the positive electrode of the constant current power module, and the cathode of the thyristor is connected to the negative electrode of the constant current power module.

6. The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The balancing submodule includes a magnetic device, a freewheeling diode, a controllable switch tube, a capacitor and a fourth resistor; The first end of the magnetic device and the first end of the freewheeling diode are both connected to the first end of the controllable switch tube; The capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor, and the first end of the capacitor and the first end of the fourth resistor are both connected to the second end of the freewheeling diode; The second end of the capacitor, the second end of the fourth resistor and the second end of the controllable switch are all connected to the negative electrode of the input voltage; The second end of the magnetic device is connected to the positive pole of the input voltage.

7. The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule is implemented by a preset conversion circuit topology structure, and the preset conversion circuit topology structure is any one of a Buck topology structure, a Sepic topology structure or a Zeta topology structure.

8. A power supply control method, characterized in that: Applied to the power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprises: Providing a constant current signal to each branch constant current module through a constant current power supply module; The constant current signal is received by each branch constant current module, and the constant current signal is converted into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and the constant voltage signal is output to the connected load.

9. The power supply control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of receiving the constant current signal through each branch constant current module, converting the constant current signal into a constant voltage signal that meets the requirements of the connected load, and outputting the constant voltage signal to the connected load specifically includes: The voltage protection submodule receives the constant current signal and performs overvoltage protection on the input voltage; The constant current signal is converted into a constant voltage signal by a constant current and constant voltage regulation submodule; The constant voltage signal is further stabilized by a voltage stabilization submodule, and the stabilized constant voltage signal is output to a load; The power balance of the branch constant current module is dynamically adjusted through the balancing submodule.

10. The power supply control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The voltage protection submodule receives the constant current signal and performs overvoltage protection on the input voltage, specifically comprising: When the first-level protection unit determines that the input voltage is less than the first safety threshold, the protection mechanism is not triggered, so that the subsequent circuit operates normally; When the first-level protection unit determines that the input voltage is greater than or equal to the first safety threshold and less than the second safety threshold, the input voltage is continuously detected until the input voltage is less than the first safety threshold; When the secondary protection unit determines that the input voltage is greater than or equal to the second safety threshold, the bypass protection mechanism is triggered to prevent the subsequent circuit from operating.

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