A prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and specifically relates to a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for building engineering. Square card slots are evenly arranged at the front end of the main rod of the climbing ladder, and square card blocks are inserted into the square card slots. The square card blocks are fixedly connected to the pedals. The climbing ladder includes a combined assembly mechanism, a support and strengthening mechanism, and a detection and protection mechanism. The combined assembly mechanism can control the combined connection of the main rod and the pedals of the climbing ladder by adjusting the orientation of the notch at the bottom of the clamping post, so that the climbing ladder can be assembled without using screws. By changing the orientation of the notch at the bottom of the clamping post, the pedals can be quickly disassembled and assembled, which is convenient for the assembly and forming of the climbing ladder. By disassembling and assembling the pedals, the installation base and the first fixing seat are restricted, realizing the flexible installation of the installation base and the first fixing seat. Moreover, by inserting the circular card blocks on the first connecting rod into the circular card slots at different positions, the installation height of the first fixing seat can be adjusted, facilitating the climbing ladder to adapt to foundation pits of various depths.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and particularly to a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for building engineering. Background Art

[0002] During the building construction process, especially when carrying out underground projects such as foundation pit construction, construction workers need to frequently go up and down the foundation pit. To ensure the safety of construction workers, a stable and reliable passage device must be provided, and the foundation pit climbing ladder is designed to meet this safety requirement. The foundation pit climbing ladder plays a crucial role in building construction. It not only improves construction efficiency but also ensures the safety of workers.

[0003] During the construction of the foundation pit, it is gradually dug deeper, and the depth often changes. Most of the existing climbing ladders are assembled through complex bolts, with slow installation speed, inconvenient height adjustment, not suitable for temporary use, and the construction environment of the foundation pit is usually relatively harsh, with problems such as small space, soft soil, and high humidity, making it inconvenient to fix and having poor support effect.

[0004] Therefore, a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for building engineering is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for building engineering to solve the problems of slow assembly speed and inconvenient fixation due to soft soil in the foundation pit mentioned in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for building engineering, including a main climbing ladder rod. Square card slots are evenly opened at the front end of the main climbing ladder rod. Square card blocks are inserted into the square card slots, and the square card blocks are fixedly connected to the pedals. The climbing ladder includes a combined assembly mechanism, a support strengthening mechanism, and a detection and protection mechanism. The combined assembly mechanism can control the combined connection of the main climbing ladder rod and the pedals by adjusting the orientation of the notch at the bottom end of the clamping post, so that the climbing ladder can be assembled without using screws. The support strengthening mechanism can share the force received by the first fixing seat and can adjust the installation angle. The detection and protection mechanism can timely detect climbing ladder faults and can provide a buffer force for the falling of the climbing ladder.

[0007] Preferably, the combined assembly mechanism includes a rotating cylinder rotatably connected inside the main climbing ladder rod. A return spring is arranged inside the rotating cylinder. A limiting plate is arranged at the bottom end of the return spring. The bottom end of the limiting plate is fixedly connected to a clamping post. The bottom end of the clamping post penetrates through the rotating cylinder and is inserted into a clamping post slot. The clamping post slot is opened at the upper end of the square card block. A notch is opened at the bottom end of the clamping post.

[0008] Preferably, a toothed ring is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the rotary drum, the toothed ring meshes with a gear, the gear is fixedly arranged on the rotary rod, and the upper end of the rotary rod penetrates through the main ladder rod and is fixedly connected with a handle.

[0009] Preferably, circular clamping grooves are evenly formed on the side surface of the main ladder rod, circular clamping blocks are arranged inside the circular clamping grooves, the circular clamping blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the vertical plate and the first connecting rod, the vertical plate is fixedly installed on the installation base, and the first connecting rod is fixedly installed on the first fixing seat.

[0010] Preferably, the support strengthening mechanism includes a second connecting rod inserted inside the first connecting rod, a third connecting rod is inserted inside the second connecting rod, and the outer end of the third connecting rod is fixedly connected to a second fixing seat.

[0011] Preferably, first sliding grooves are formed at both the upper and lower ends of the first connecting rod, first sliding blocks are slidably connected inside the first sliding grooves, the first sliding blocks are fixedly connected to the second connecting rod, second sliding grooves are formed at both the upper and lower ends of the second connecting rod, second sliding blocks are slidably connected inside the second sliding grooves, and the second sliding blocks are fixedly connected to the third connecting rod.

[0012] Preferably, a first slot is formed at the front end of the first connecting rod, and a second slot is formed at the front end of the second connecting rod.

[0013] Preferably, the detection and protection mechanism includes a slide rail fixedly connected to the main ladder rod, a slide plate is slidably connected inside the slide rail, third sliding blocks are fixedly connected to both ends of the slide plate, the third sliding blocks are slidably connected in a third sliding groove, the third sliding groove is formed on a column, the bottom end of the column penetrates through the support seat and is fixedly connected to a clamping plate, and the clamping plate is clamped in a clamping plate groove formed on the support seat.

[0014] Preferably, a first buffer airbag is arranged at the bottom end of the slide plate, one end of an air delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the first buffer airbag, the other end of the air delivery pipe penetrates through the slide plate and communicates with a second buffer airbag, the second buffer airbag is arranged above the slide plate, and both the first buffer airbag and the second buffer airbag are arranged inside the slide rail.

[0015] Preferably, a first buffer spring is arranged inside the first buffer airbag, and a second buffer spring is arranged inside the second buffer airbag.

[0016] Advantages of the present invention:

[0017] 1. The present invention designs a combined assembly mechanism. By changing the orientation of the notch at the bottom of the clamping post, the pedal can be quickly disassembled and assembled, facilitating the assembly and formation of the climbing ladder. By disassembling and assembling the pedal, the installation base and the first fixing seat are restricted, realizing the flexible installation of the installation base and the first fixing seat. Moreover, by inserting the circular clamping block on the first connecting rod into circular clamping grooves at different positions, the installation height of the first fixing seat can be adjusted, facilitating the climbing ladder to adapt to foundation pits of various depths.

[0018] 2. The present invention designs a support strengthening mechanism in cooperation with the combined assembly mechanism. By utilizing the telescopic and deflecting effects of the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod, the position of the second fixing seat can be flexibly adjusted, facilitating the second fixing seat to share the force borne by the first fixing seat, making the force-bearing structure more stable, reducing the influence of shear force on the first fixing seat, improving the stability of the climbing ladder, and guiding the main support force to the external ground at the upper end, reducing the influence of soft and humid soil in the foundation pit on the climbing ladder.

[0019] 3. The present invention designs a detection and protection mechanism in cooperation with the combined assembly mechanism. By utilizing the slow conversion of gas and the reaction force of the spring, the descending speed of the main rod of the climbing ladder is reduced. It can not only provide certain protection for personnel to avoid sudden falling of personnel, but also timely remind the staff of the occurrence of faults, facilitating the staff to repair and replace in time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following-described drawings are only those of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional overall schematic diagram of a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a Figure 1 magnified cross-sectional schematic diagram at position A in a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 4 It is an exploded schematic Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 5Schematic diagram of a support strengthening mechanism for a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 For a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram at position B in

[0027] Figure 7 Explosion schematic diagram of a detection and protection mechanism for a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 For an automatic position-changing module of a prefabricated and assembled foundation pit climbing ladder for construction engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram at position C in

[0029] In the figure, the markings are: 1, main ladder pole; 2, circular card slot; 3, circular card block; 4, vertical plate; 5, installation base; 6, first connecting rod; 7, first fixing seat; 8, square card slot; 9, square card block; 10, pedal; 11, rotating cylinder; 12, return spring; 13, limiting plate; 14, clamping column; 15, notch; 16, clamping column groove; 17, toothed ring; 18, gear; 19, rotating rod; 20, handle; 21, second connecting rod; 22, third connecting rod; 23, second fixing seat; 24, first slideway; 25, first slider; 26, second slideway; 27, second slider; 28, first slot; 29, second slot; 30, slide rail; 31, sliding plate; 32, third slider; 33, third chute; 34, column; 35, clamping plate; 36, clamping plate groove; 37, support seat; 38, first buffer airbag; 39, air delivery pipe; 40, second buffer airbag; 41, first buffer spring; 42, second buffer spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the ordinary meanings understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a prefabricated assembly foundation pit ladder for construction engineering, including a main ladder rod. Square card slots 8 are evenly opened at the front end of the main ladder rod 1. Square card blocks 9 are inserted into the square card slots 8. The square card blocks 9 are fixedly connected to the pedals 10. The ladder includes a combined assembly mechanism, a support strengthening mechanism and a detection and protection mechanism. The combined assembly mechanism can control the combined connection of the main ladder rod 1 and the pedal 10 by adjusting the orientation of the notch 15 at the bottom of the clamping column 14, so that the ladder can be assembled without using screws. The support strengthening mechanism can share the force received by the first fixed seat 7 and can adjust the installation angle. The detection and protection mechanism can timely detect ladder failures and can provide a buffer force for the falling of the ladder.

[0033] As an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 as well as Figure 4As shown in the figure, since some foundation pits are dug deeper gradually and the depth often changes, most of the existing ladders are assembled through complex bolts, with slow installation speed and not suitable for temporary use. The combined assembly mechanism includes a rotating cylinder 11 rotatably connected inside the main ladder rod 1. A reset spring 12 is arranged inside the rotating cylinder 11. A limiting plate 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the reset spring 12. A clamping column 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the limiting plate 13. The bottom end of the clamping column 14 penetrates through the rotating cylinder 11 and is inserted into the clamping column groove 16. The clamping column groove 16 is opened at the upper end of the square clamping block 9. A notch 15 is opened at the bottom end of the clamping column 14. A toothed ring 17 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the rotating cylinder 11. The toothed ring 17 meshes with a gear 18. The gear 18 is fixedly arranged on a rotating rod 19. The upper end of the rotating rod 19 penetrates through the main ladder rod 1 and is fixedly connected to a handle 20. Circular clamping grooves 2 are opened at both ends of the side surface of the main ladder rod 1. Circular clamping blocks 3 are clamped inside the circular clamping grooves 2. The circular clamping blocks 3 are respectively fixedly connected to a vertical plate 4 and a first connecting rod 6. The vertical plate 4 is fixedly installed on an installation base 5. The first connecting rod 6 is fixedly installed on a first fixing seat 7. First, the circular clamping blocks 3 on the vertical plate 4 and the first connecting rod 6 are respectively inserted into the circular clamping grooves 2 opened on the main ladder rod 1, so that the installation base 5 and the first fixing seat 7 are respectively rotatably connected to the main ladder rod 1. Then, the square clamping block 9 on the pedal 10 is gradually inserted into the square clamping groove 8. The square clamping block 9 pushes the clamping column 14 along the notch 15 on the clamping column 14, so that the clamping column 14 enters the rotating cylinder 11. Then, the restoring force of the reset spring 12 drives the clamping column 14 to be inserted into the clamping column groove 16 opened at the upper end of the square clamping block 9 through the limiting plate 13, so that several groups of pedals 10 are fixedly installed on the two main ladder rods 1. And the installation of several groups of pedals 10 will also limit the installation base 5 and the first fixing seat 7, so that the installation base 5 and the first fixing seat 7 will not break away from the two main ladder rods 1. Finally, the handle 20 is rotated 180 degrees. The handle 20 drives the gear 18 to rotate through the rotating rod 19. Because the gear 18 meshes with the toothed ring 17 and the toothed ring 17 is fixedly arranged on the rotating cylinder 11, the handle 20 drives the rotating cylinder 11 to rotate. And because the limiting plate 13 is not circular, the rotating cylinder 11 drives the clamping column 14 to rotate 180 degrees through the limiting plate 13, so that the notch 15 at the bottom end of the clamping column 14 faces inward. At this time, the square clamping block 9 can push the clamping column 14 again through the notch 15 at the bottom end of the clamping column 14, so as to disassemble the pedal 10. It is beneficial to quickly disassemble and assemble the pedal 10 by changing the orientation of the notch 15 at the bottom end of the clamping column 14, which is convenient for the assembly and shaping of the ladder. The installation base 5 and the first fixing seat 7 are restricted by the disassembly and assembly of the pedal 10 to realize the flexible installation of the installation base 5 and the first fixing seat 7. And by inserting the circular clamping blocks 3 on the first connecting rod 6 into the circular clamping grooves 2 at different positions, the installation height of the first fixing seat 7 can be adjusted, so that the ladder can adapt to foundation pits of various depths.

[0034] As an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 and Figure 5and Figure 6 As shown in Figure 6 , the support strengthening mechanism includes a second connecting rod 21 inserted inside the first connecting rod 6. A third connecting rod 22 is inserted inside the second connecting rod 21. The outer end of the third connecting rod 22 is fixedly connected to a second fixing base 23. First sliding grooves 24 are formed at both the upper and lower ends of the first connecting rod 6. First sliding blocks 25 are slidably connected inside the first sliding grooves 24. The first sliding blocks 25 are fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 21. Second sliding grooves 26 are formed at both the upper and lower ends of the second connecting rod 21. Second sliding blocks 27 are slidably connected inside the second sliding grooves 26. The second sliding blocks 27 are fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 22. A first slot 28 is formed at the front end of the first connecting rod 6, and a second slot 29 is formed at the front end of the second connecting rod 21. First, the mounting base 5 and the first fixing base 7 are respectively fixed above and below the corner of the foundation pit through the pile holes at the upper end. Then, the second fixing base 23 is pulled, so that one end of the second connecting rod 21 gradually disengages from the first connecting rod 6 and one end of the third connecting rod 22 gradually disengages from the second connecting rod 21. The second connecting rod 21 is restricted by the first sliding grooves 24 and the first sliding blocks 25 to prevent the second connecting rod 21 from completely disengaging from the first connecting rod 6. The third connecting rod 22 is restricted by the second sliding grooves 26 and the second sliding blocks 27 to prevent the third connecting rod 22 from completely disengaging from the second connecting rod 21. Finally, the deflection of the second connecting rod 21 and the third connecting rod 22 is achieved through the first slot 28 formed on the first connecting rod 6 and the second slot 29 formed on the second connecting rod 21, so as to adjust the installation position of the second fixing base 23, facilitate the stable installation of the second fixing base 23, and is conducive to realizing the flexible adjustment of the position of the second fixing base 23 by using the telescopic and deflection effects of the second connecting rod 21 and the third connecting rod 22, facilitating the second fixing base 23 to share the acting force received by the first fixing base 7, making the force-bearing structure more stable, reducing the influence of the shear force on the first fixing base 7, improving the stability of the ladder, and guiding the main supporting force to the external ground at the upper end, reducing the influence of the soft soil quality and high humidity of the foundation pit on the ladder.

[0035] As an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 and Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown in the figure, the detection and protection mechanism includes a slide rail 30 fixedly connected to the main ladder pole 1. A slide plate 31 is slidably connected inside the slide rail 30. Third sliders 32 are fixedly connected to both ends of the slide plate 31. The third sliders 32 are slidably connected in third chutes 33. The third chutes 33 are opened on a column 34. The bottom end of the column 34 penetrates through a support base 37 and is fixedly connected with a clamping plate 35. The clamping plate 35 is clamped in a clamping plate groove 36. The clamping plate groove 36 is opened on the support base 37. A first buffer airbag 38 is arranged at the bottom end of the slide plate 31. One end of an air delivery pipe 39 is fixedly connected to the first buffer airbag 38. The other end of the air delivery pipe 39 penetrates through the slide plate 31 and is communicated with a second buffer airbag 40. The second buffer airbag 40 is arranged above the slide plate 31. Both the first buffer airbag 38 and the second buffer airbag 40 are arranged inside the slide rail 30. A first buffer spring 41 is arranged inside the first buffer airbag 38. A second buffer spring 42 is arranged inside the second buffer airbag 40. When the upper end of the main ladder pole 1 is damaged or moved, the upper end of the main ladder pole 1 begins to descend under the action of gravity. The main ladder pole 1 is slidably connected with the slide plate 31 through the slide rail 30, and the slide plate 31 is slidably connected with the column 34 by means of the third sliders 32 and the third chutes 33. Therefore, the design of the column 34 limits the movement mode of the main ladder pole 1, that is, the main ladder pole 1 can only slide inside the slide plate 31 through the slide rail 30 to achieve the descending action. Then the slide plate 31 squeezes the first buffer airbag 38. Since the gas in the first buffer airbag 38 can only be discharged into the second buffer airbag 40 through the relatively small air delivery pipe 39, the main ladder pole 1 can only descend very slowly. At the same time, the restoring force of the first buffer spring 41 in the first buffer airbag 38 will gradually increase, further providing a buffering force and reducing the descending speed of the main ladder pole 1. Similarly, when the bottom end of the main ladder pole 1 is damaged or moved, the second buffer airbag 40 and the second buffer spring 42 play a role, which is conducive to using the slow conversion of gas and the reaction force of the spring to reduce the descending speed of the main ladder pole 1. It can not only provide a certain protection for personnel to avoid sudden falling of personnel, but also timely remind the staff of the occurrence of the fault, facilitating the staff to repair and replace in time.

[0036] Working principle: First, insert the circular blocks 3 on the vertical plate 4 and the first connecting rod 6 into the circular grooves 2 opened on the main ladder rod 1 respectively, so that the mounting base 5 and the first fixing seat 7 are respectively rotatably connected to the main ladder rod 1. Then, gradually insert the square block 9 on the pedal 10 into the square groove 8. The square block 9 pushes the clamping post 14 along the notch 15 on the clamping post 14, so that the clamping post 14 enters the rotating cylinder 11. Then, the restoring force of the return spring 12 drives the clamping post 14 through the limiting plate 13 to insert into the notch 15 opened at the upper end of the square block 9, so that several groups of pedals 10 are fixedly installed on the two groups of main ladder rods 1. And the installation of several groups of pedals 10 will also limit the mounting base 5 and the first fixing seat 7, so that the mounting base 5 and the first fixing seat 7 will not break away from the two groups of main ladder rods 1. Finally, rotate the handle 20 by 180 degrees. The handle 20 drives the gear 18 to rotate through the rotating rod 19. Because the gear 18 meshes with the toothed ring 17, and the toothed ring 17 is fixedly arranged on the rotating cylinder 11, the handle 20 drives the rotating cylinder 11 to rotate. And because the limiting plate 13 is not circular, the rotating cylinder 11 drives the clamping post 14 to rotate by 180 degrees through the limiting plate 13, so that the notch 15 at the bottom end of the clamping post 14 faces inwards. At this time, the square block 9 can push the clamping post 14 again through the notch 15 at the bottom end of the clamping post 14, so as to disassemble the pedal 10;

[0037] First, fix the mounting base 5 and the first fixing seat 7 at the upper and lower parts of the corner of the foundation pit through the pile holes at the upper ends respectively. Then, pull the second fixing seat 23, so that one end of the second connecting rod 21 gradually disengages from the first connecting rod 6 and one end of the third connecting rod 22 gradually disengages from the second connecting rod 21. And limit the second connecting rod 21 through the first slideway 24 and the first slider 25 to prevent the second connecting rod 21 from completely disengaging from the first connecting rod 6. Limit the third connecting rod 22 through the second slideway 26 and the second slider 27 to prevent the third connecting rod 22 from completely disengaging from the second connecting rod 21. Finally, realize the deflection of the second connecting rod 21 and the third connecting rod 22 through the first slot 28 opened on the first connecting rod 6 and the second slot 29 opened on the second connecting rod 21, so as to adjust the installation position of the second fixing seat 23 and facilitate the stable installation of the second fixing seat 23;

[0038] When the upper end of the main ladder pole 1 is damaged or moved, the upper end of the main ladder pole 1 begins to descend under the action of gravity. The main ladder pole 1 is slidably connected to the sliding plate 31 through the sliding rail 30, and the sliding plate 31 is slidably connected to the column 34 by means of the third slider 32 and the third chute 33. Therefore, the design of the column 34 limits the movement mode of the main ladder pole 1, that is, the main ladder pole 1 can only descend by sliding in the sliding plate 31 through the sliding rail 30. Then, the sliding plate 31 presses the first buffer airbag 38. Since the gas in the first buffer airbag 38 can only be discharged into the second buffer airbag 40 through the smaller air delivery pipe 39, the main ladder pole 1 can only descend very slowly. At the same time, the restoring force of the first buffer spring 41 in the first buffer airbag 38 will gradually increase, further providing a buffer force to reduce the descending speed of the main ladder pole 1. Similarly, when the lower end of the main ladder pole 1 is damaged or moved, the second buffer airbag 40 and the second buffer spring 42 come into play.

[0039] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to the embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A prefabricated foundation pit ladder for construction engineering, comprising a ladder main rod (1), the front end of the ladder main rod (1) is evenly provided with square card slots (8), the square card slots (8) are inserted with square card blocks (9), and the square card blocks (9) are fixedly connected to a pedal (10), characterized in that: The ladder comprises a combined assembly mechanism, a support reinforcement mechanism and a detection and protection mechanism. The combined assembly mechanism can control the combined connection between the ladder main rod (1) and the pedal (10) by adjusting the direction of the notch (15) at the bottom end of the clamping column (14), so that the ladder can be assembled without using screws. The support reinforcement mechanism can share the force exerted on the first fixing seat (7) and can adjust the installation angle. The detection and protection mechanism can detect ladder failure in a timely manner and can provide a buffer force for the ladder to fall. The combined assembly mechanism comprises a rotating cylinder (11) rotatably connected to the inside of the ladder main rod (1), a return spring (12) is arranged inside the rotating cylinder (11), a limit plate (13) is arranged at the bottom end of the return spring (12), a clamping column (14) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the limit plate (13), the bottom end of the clamping column (14) passes through the rotating cylinder (11) and is inserted into a clamping column groove (16), the clamping column groove (16) is provided at the upper end of the square clamping block (9), and a notch (15) is provided at the bottom end of the clamping column (14); A toothed ring (17) is fixedly provided on the outer side of the rotating drum (11), the toothed ring (17) is meshed with a gear (18), the gear (18) is fixedly provided on a rotating rod (19), the upper end of the rotating rod (19) passes through the ladder main rod (1) and is fixedly connected to a handle (20); The detection protection mechanism comprises a slide rail (30) fixedly connected to the ladder main rod (1), a slide plate (31) being slidably connected inside the slide rail (30), third slide blocks (32) being fixedly connected at both ends of the slide block (31), the third slide block (32) being slidably connected in a third slide groove (33), the third slide groove (33) being provided on a column (34), the bottom end of the column (34) passing through a support seat (37) and being fixedly connected to a clamping plate (35), the clamping plate (35) being clamped in a clamping plate groove (36), the clamping plate groove (36) being provided on the support seat (37); A first buffer airbag (38) is arranged at the bottom end of the slide plate (31), the first buffer airbag (38) is fixedly connected to one end of an air supply pipe (39), the other end of the air supply pipe (39) passes through the slide plate (31) and is connected to a second buffer airbag (40), the second buffer airbag (40) is arranged above the slide plate (31), and the first buffer airbag (38) and the second buffer airbag (40) are both arranged inside the slide rail (30).

2. A prefabricated foundation pit ladder for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Circular clamping grooves (2) are evenly formed on the side of the ladder main rod (1), and circular clamping blocks (3) are clamped inside the circular clamping grooves (2). The circular clamping blocks (3) are respectively fixedly connected to the vertical plate (4) and the first connecting rod (6), the vertical plate (4) is fixedly mounted on the mounting base (5), and the first connecting rod (6) is fixedly mounted on the first fixing seat (7).

3. A prefabricated foundation pit ladder for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support reinforcement mechanism comprises a second connecting rod (21) inserted into the interior of the first connecting rod (6), a third connecting rod (22) inserted into the interior of the second connecting rod (21), and a second fixing seat (23) fixedly connected to the outer end of the third connecting rod (22).

4. A prefabricated foundation pit ladder for construction engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first connecting rod (6) is provided with a first slideway (24) at both upper and lower ends, a first slider (25) is slidably connected inside the first slideway (24), the first slider (25) is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod (21), the second connecting rod (21) is provided with a second slideway (26) at both upper and lower ends, a second slider (27) is slidably connected inside the second slideway (26), and the second slider (27) is fixedly connected to the third connecting rod (22).

5. A prefabricated foundation pit ladder for construction engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first slot (28) is formed at the front end of the first connecting rod (6), and a second slot (29) is formed at the front end of the second connecting rod (21).

6. The prefabricated foundation pit ladder for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first buffer spring (41) is arranged inside the first buffer airbag (38), and a second buffer spring (42) is arranged inside the second buffer airbag (40).

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