Gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to data centers and its control method

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center and a control method thereof. The system includes: an energy storage subsystem, including a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit, and an energy release component that are connected in a closed loop in sequence; the energy release component includes an evaporator; a data center, where the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator; a heat balance component, including high-temperature and low-temperature transmission pipelines; the heat balance component is used to supplement high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or supplement low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline when the operating conditions of the system are met and the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator. The embodiment of the present invention can achieve the comprehensive utilization of energy and reduce the investment and operation costs of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage power generation, and particularly to a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of computing power, data centers have gradually become "big energy consumers". On the one hand, data centers have a continuous and stable power demand; on the other hand, data centers also generate a huge heat dissipation demand due to chip cooling. Although using green power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power can reduce the electricity cost, the power generation time of these two types of green power generation is greatly affected by environmental factors and is unstable, unable to provide stable power for data centers, and still need to use commercial power when there is no wind and solar energy, and the reduction of electricity cost is not significant. Moreover, in order to meet the huge heat dissipation demand of data centers, the cooling equipment for data center heat dissipation also needs to consume a large amount of electricity, and the construction investment cost of the cooling equipment itself is also relatively high. Currently, there is no relatively perfect gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system developed for data centers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, to solve the problems of large power demand and heat dissipation demand in the existing data centers, the embodiments of the present invention provide a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center and a control method thereof, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of energy, reduce the system investment and operation cost, simultaneously meet the heating demand of the evaporator and the heat dissipation demand of the data center, and can cope with various working conditions.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center, including: an energy storage subsystem, which includes a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit, and an energy release component that are sequentially connected in a closed loop; the energy storage component includes a condenser, and the energy storage component is used to compress the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and condense it into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser and then store it in the liquid storage unit; the energy release component includes an evaporator, and the energy release component is used to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide output by the liquid storage unit into gaseous carbon dioxide through the evaporator, and after the gaseous carbon dioxide expands to do work, store it in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; a data center, the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator; and a heat balance component, including a high-temperature transmission pipeline and a low-temperature transmission pipeline, the high-temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator, and the low-temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator; the heat balance component is used to supplement high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or supplement low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline when the operating conditions of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to the data center, and the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator.

[0005] In some embodiments, the operating conditions include a first operating condition, in which the heat dissipation of the data center is less than the heat supply required by the evaporator; the heat balance component includes a heat pump unit; the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; in the first operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator to the low-temperature transmission pipeline is heated and raised in temperature by the heat pump unit, and then flows into the evaporator together with the heat exchange medium output from the data center through the high-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0006] In some embodiments, the heat balance component further includes a heat exchange medium storage component, and the heat exchange medium storage component includes a high-temperature medium storage unit provided on the high-temperature transmission pipeline and a low-temperature medium storage unit provided on the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0007] In some embodiments, the heat exchange medium inlet of the condenser is connected to the cold-side outlet of the heat pump unit, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the condenser is connected to the cold-side inlet of the heat pump unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center further includes a data center heat exchanger, the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center, and the data center heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump unit; the data center heat exchanger is used to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center by using the cold provided by the heat pump unit under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem.

[0009] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center further includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; the data center heat exchanger is used to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center by using the cold provided by the first chiller under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; and the condenser is used to condense carbon dioxide by using the cold provided by the first chiller under the operating condition and during the energy storage stage.

[0010] In some embodiments, the operating condition includes a second operating condition, in which the heat dissipation of the data center is greater than the heat supply required by the evaporator; the heat balance component includes a cooling component, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the second operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the data center to the high-temperature transmission pipeline is cooled by the cooling component and then flows into the data center together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cooling component includes a first cooling tower, a first heat exchanger, a second chiller and a second cooling tower; the first heat exchanger is connected between the first cooling tower and the low-temperature transmission pipeline; the second chiller is respectively connected to the first heat exchanger and the second cooling tower; the second chiller is used to provide cold for the first heat exchanger, and the second cooling tower is used to dissipate heat for the second chiller.

[0012] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center further includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat transfer medium outlet of the data center and the heat transfer medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; in the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the heat transfer medium output from the data center is divided into two paths, one path enters the cooling assembly to be cooled by the cooling capacity provided by the second chiller, and the other path enters the data center heat exchanger to be cooled by the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller; the condenser is used to condense carbon dioxide by using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller under the operating condition and during the energy storage stage.

[0013] In some embodiments, a branch pipeline is further included; the energy storage assembly includes a compressed energy storage part, and the compressed energy storage part is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release assembly includes an expansion energy release part, and the expansion energy release part is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compressed energy storage part, the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working medium flow regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments, the compressed energy storage part includes multiple stages of the compressor, and the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the last-stage compressor among the multiple stages of the compressor.

[0015] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method applied to the aforementioned gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center. The gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes an operating condition, and the control method includes: when the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator under the operating condition, the heat balance assembly supplements high-temperature heat transfer medium to the heat transfer medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or supplements low-temperature heat transfer medium to the heat transfer medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0016] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center further includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the control method includes: when in the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser uses the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide; when in the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the data center heat exchanger uses the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller to cool down the heat exchange medium output from the data center.

[0017] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center further includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compressed energy storage part, and the compressed energy storage part is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, and the expansion energy release part is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compressed energy storage part, the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working fluid flow regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline; the control method includes: when in the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, opening the working fluid flow regulating valve so that a part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compressed energy storage part enters the condenser for condensation, and the other part enters the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part through the branch pipeline to expand and do work.

[0018] In some embodiments, the control method further includes: adjusting the working fluid flow regulating valve in the energy storage stage so that the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline satisfies the following relationship:

[0019]

[0020] where m is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline, is the generated electricity of the expander of the expansion energy release part; is the enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the expander.

[0021] As can be seen from the above, the above embodiments of the present invention can achieve one or more of the following beneficial effects: coupling the evaporator in the energy storage subsystem with the data center can simultaneously supply heat to the evaporator and dissipate heat from the data center through the circulating flow of the heat exchange medium between the data center and the evaporator, which can reduce the construction investment cost of the heat supply facilities of the evaporator and the heat dissipation facilities of the data center, and realize the full utilization of energy. Configuring the heat balance component can ensure the stable operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system in the scenario where the heat supply required by the evaporator is inconsistent with the heat dissipation of the data center. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage subsystem in a specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center shown in the figure.

[0025] Figure 3 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center shown in the figure.

[0026] Figure 4 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 5 For Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage subsystem in another specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center shown in the figure.

[0028]

Description of the reference numerals

[0029] 10. Energy storage subsystem; 11. Gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; 12. Energy storage component; 121. Compressed energy storage part; 1211. Compressor; 1212. First heat storage unit; 123. Condenser; 1231. Working fluid inlet of the condenser 123; 1232. Working fluid outlet of the condenser 123; 1233. Heat transfer medium inlet of the condenser 123; 1234. Heat transfer medium outlet of the condenser 123; 13. Liquid storage unit; 14. Energy release component; 141. Evaporator; 1411. Heat transfer medium inlet of the evaporator 141; 1412. Heat transfer medium outlet of the evaporator 141; 1413. Working fluid inlet of the evaporator 141; 1414. Working fluid outlet of the evaporator 141; 143. Expansion energy release part; 1431. Second heat storage unit; 1432. Expander;

[0030] 20. Data center; 201. Heat transfer medium inlet of the data center 20; 202. Heat transfer medium outlet of the data center 20; 21. Cabinet;

[0031] 30. Heat balance component; 31. High-temperature transmission pipeline; 32. Low-temperature transmission pipeline; 33. Heat pump unit; 331. Hot-side inlet of the heat pump unit 33; 332. Hot-side outlet of the heat pump unit 33; 333. Cold-side inlet of the heat pump unit 33; 334. Cold-side outlet of the heat pump unit 33; 34. Heat exchange medium storage component; 341. High-temperature medium storage unit; 342. Low-temperature medium storage unit; 35: Cooling component; 351. First cooling tower; 352. First heat exchanger; 3521. First medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 3522. First medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 3523. Second medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 3524. Second medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 353. Second chiller; 3531. Cold-side inlet of the second chiller 353; 3532. Cold-side outlet of the second chiller 353; 3533. Hot-side inlet of the second chiller 353; 3534. Hot-side outlet of the second chiller 353; 354. Second cooling tower;

[0032] 41. First chiller; 411. Cold-side inlet of the first chiller 41; 412. Cold-side outlet of the first chiller 41; 413. Hot-side inlet of the first chiller 41; 414. Hot-side outlet of the first chiller 41; 42. Third cooling tower;

[0033] 50. Data center heat exchanger; 501. First medium inlet of the data center heat exchanger 50; 502. First medium outlet of the data center heat exchanger 50; 503. Second medium inlet of the data center heat exchanger 50; 504. Second medium outlet of the data center heat exchanger 50;

[0034] 61. Branch pipeline; 62. Working medium flow regulating valve;

[0035] 70. Water replenishing device;

[0036] 81. First valve; 82. Second valve; 83. Third valve; 84. Fourth valve; 85. Fifth valve; 86. Sixth valve; 87. Seventh valve; 88. Eighth valve; 89. Ninth valve;

[0037] 91. First pump; 92. Second pump; 93. Third pump; 94. Fourth pump; 95. Fifth pump; 96. Sixth pump; 97. Seventh pump. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] To enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present invention described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0041] It should also be noted that the division of multiple embodiments in the present invention is only for the convenience of description and should not constitute a special limitation. The features in various embodiments can be combined with each other and cross-referenced without conflict.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center (referred to as an energy comprehensive utilization system for short), which includes an energy storage subsystem 10, a data center 20, and a heat balance component 30. Referring to Figure 2 , the energy storage subsystem 10 includes a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11, an energy storage component 12, a liquid storage unit 13, and an energy release component 14 that are connected in a closed loop in sequence. The energy storage component 12 includes a condenser 123. The energy storage component 12 is used to compress the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 and condense it into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser 123 and then store it in the liquid storage unit 13. The energy release component 14 includes an evaporator 141. The energy release component 14 is used to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide output by the liquid storage unit 13 into gaseous carbon dioxide through the evaporator 141, and make the gaseous carbon dioxide expand and do work and then store it in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11.

[0043] The heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141, and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141.

[0044] The heat balance component 30 includes a high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 and a low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141, and the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected between the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141.

[0045] Wherein, the heat balance component 30 is used to supplement high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 or supplement low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 when the operating condition of the integrated energy utilization system is met and the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator 141.

[0046] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method applied to the aforesaid gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide integrated energy utilization system applicable to a data center. Specifically, the control method includes: when the operating condition is met and the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator 141, the heat balance component 30 supplements high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 or supplements low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32.

[0047] Specifically, the energy storage subsystem 10 is a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy storage system. It uses carbon dioxide as the working medium and includes an energy storage stage and an energy release stage. In the energy storage stage, gaseous carbon dioxide at normal temperature and pressure is compressed into gaseous carbon dioxide at high temperature and pressure and heat exchange is carried out. After heat exchange, the heat is stored, and the gaseous carbon dioxide at high temperature and pressure is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at low temperature and high pressure. The gaseous carbon dioxide at low temperature and high pressure is then condensed into liquid carbon dioxide at low temperature and high pressure, and the energy is stored in the liquid carbon dioxide in the form of compression energy. After the energy storage stage, the energy is stored in the form of heat energy and compression energy. In the energy release stage, the liquid carbon dioxide at low temperature and high pressure is heated and converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at low temperature and high pressure. After absorbing the stored heat, it is heated to gaseous carbon dioxide at high temperature and high pressure and then expands to do work to generate electricity, and finally is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at normal temperature and pressure. According to the above gas-liquid phase change process, the energy storage subsystem 10 can enter the energy storage stage to store energy, for example, during the low power consumption period, and enter the energy release stage to generate electricity for users during the high power consumption period or other times when electricity is needed. Here, high temperature and low temperature are relative relationships, meaning that the temperature of high temperature is higher than that of low temperature, and high pressure and low pressure are relative relationships, meaning that high pressure is higher than low pressure.

[0048] Among them, the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 can also be called a gas storage bin or a gas storage reservoir, which is used to store gaseous carbon dioxide. In some possible implementation manners, the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 adopts a gas film building, the volume of which can change. When carbon dioxide is filled in, the volume increases, and when carbon dioxide flows out, the volume decreases, so as to keep the pressure constant in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11. The gas film building can be a double-layer film structure, including a ground film, an inner film and an outer film; the outer film is used to resist wind and snow, and there is an interlayer cavity between the inner film and the outer film. The gas in the interlayer cavity props up the outer film upward to keep its shape and is not easy to collapse. The inner film and the ground film form a containing cavity for storing gaseous carbon dioxide, and the pressure and temperature inside it can be maintained within a certain range to meet the energy storage requirements. Exemplarily, the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 can be close to the ambient pressure, that is, the surrounding atmospheric pressure. In some embodiments, the temperature in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 is in the range of -40°C to 70°C. Exemplarily, -40°C, 0°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, etc. can be selected. The air pressure difference between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 and the outside atmosphere is less than 1000 Pa.

[0049] Specifically, in addition to the condenser 123, the energy storage component 12 further includes a compressed air energy storage part 121, and the compressed air energy storage part 121 is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 and the condenser 123. More specifically, the compressed air energy storage part 121 includes a compressor 1211 and a first heat storage unit 1212. The compressor 1211 compresses the gaseous carbon dioxide, and the first heat storage unit 1212 exchanges heat with the compressed gaseous carbon dioxide to store the heat.

[0050] Among them, the main shaft of the compressor 1211 is connected to an electric motor. The electric motor connected to the compressor 1211 is connected to the municipal power grid, for example, and drives the compressor 1211 to work through municipal power supply during low valley electricity prices; or the electric motor connected to the compressor 1211 is connected to the power output end of a green energy power generation system such as a solar power generation system or a wind power generation system, and the compressor 1211 is driven to work by the power generated by the green energy power generation system. Among them, the compressor 1211 can be multi-stage in series. The outlet of each stage of the compressor 1211 is connected to a first heat storage unit 1212. The first heat storage unit 1212 can be a heat exchanger, specifically a wall-type heat exchanger, and specifically a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger, etc. can be adopted. The first heat storage unit 1212 can adopt heat transfer media such as water, heat-conducting oil, molten salt, etc. to exchange heat with the compressed gaseous carbon dioxide to absorb and store heat. The condenser 123 can adopt a shell-and-tube condenser or a double-pipe condenser, etc.

[0051] The liquid storage unit 13 can be a stainless steel storage tank for storing the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide condensed by the condenser 123. Of course, the carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 may also exist in a gas-liquid mixture form. For example, the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 is between 2 MPa and 10 MPa. By way of example, 2 MPa, 5 MPa, 6 MPa, 7 MPa, 7.2 MPa, 7.5 MPa, 8 MPa, 10 MPa, etc. can be selected.

[0052] Optionally, the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 can be no more than 50 °C, especially no more than 30 °C, for example, between 20 °C and 30 °C. Exemplarily, when the liquid carbon dioxide flows into the liquid storage unit 13, the temperature is between 20 °C and 30 °C, so that the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 does not exceed 30 °C.

[0053] Exemplarily, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 is between 20 °C and 30 °C, and the pressure is between 7 MPa and 7.5 MPa. In this way, it is possible to avoid potential safety hazards caused by the accidental increase in temperature and pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13, making the energy storage subsystem more suitable for deployment in densely populated places such as residential areas, schools, hospitals, stations, and commercial centers.

[0054] The working fluid inlet 1413 of the evaporator 141 is connected to the liquid storage unit 13. In addition to the evaporator 141, the energy release component 14 further includes an expansion energy release part 143, and the expansion energy release part 143 is connected between the evaporator 141 and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11. Specifically, the expansion energy release part 143 includes a second heat storage unit 1431 and an expander 1432. The second heat storage unit 1431 is connected to the working fluid outlet 1414 of the evaporator 141. The second heat storage unit 1431 can be set as a heat exchanger such as a plate heat exchanger or a tube heat exchanger with reference to the first heat storage unit 1212. It can use the same heat transfer medium as the first heat storage unit 1212 to exchange heat with the evaporated gaseous carbon dioxide to achieve the temperature rise of carbon dioxide. The heat transfer medium sides of the second heat storage unit 1431 and the first heat storage unit 1212 can be connected in a closed loop and provided with corresponding heat transfer medium storage tanks, so that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat and stores it through the first heat storage unit 1212 during the energy storage stage, and uses the heat absorbed by the first heat storage unit 1212 for the second heat storage unit 1431 to heat up carbon dioxide during the energy release stage. The main shaft of the expander 1432 is connected to the generator. The heated gaseous carbon dioxide enters the expander 1432 to expand and do work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and after the work is completed, it enters the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 for storage. The generator connected to the expander 1432 is connected to the user to supply power to the user. In the embodiment of the present invention, the user is the data center 20, and the generator connected to the expander 1432 is connected to the power input end of the data center 20 to supply power for the operation of the data center 20.

[0055] The data center 20 is a facility used to implement centralized processing, storage, transmission, exchange, and management of data information, etc. The data center 20 may include devices such as servers, storage devices, switches, etc. The power input end of the data center 20 can be connected to a generator connected to the expander 1432, and the power generation by the energy storage subsystem 10 is used as the main power supply for the data center 20. The power input end of the data center 20 can also be connected to the municipal power grid, with municipal power as the backup power supply to ensure the power consumption requirements of the data center 20 during the shutdown period of the energy storage subsystem 10. The data center 20 includes multiple cabinets 21 (refer to Figure 3 or Figure 4 ), and each cabinet 21 will generate a large amount of heat during operation, with a high heat dissipation requirement. In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141, and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141. The heat exchange medium can circulate between the data center 20 and the evaporator 141. Specifically, the heat exchange medium output by the evaporator 141 is transported to the data center 20 by the first pump 91, so that the heat exchange medium absorbs the heat generated by the data center 20 when flowing through the data center 20 to dissipate the heat of the data center 20. After absorbing the heat, the heat exchange medium enters the evaporator 141 again to provide heat for the carbon dioxide flowing through the evaporator 141 to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide. After the heat exchange medium provides heat for the carbon dioxide, it cools down and is input into the data center 20 again to absorb the heat dissipated by the data center 20. Circulating like this can not only realize the heating of the evaporator 141, but also realize the heat dissipation of the data center 20. In a traditional carbon dioxide energy storage system, a heat source device needs to be equipped for the evaporator 141 to realize the evaporation of carbon dioxide, and for a traditional data center, a cold source also needs to be equipped to realize heat dissipation. Therefore, through the setting of the above embodiments of the present invention, the energy can be fully utilized, and the investment and operation costs of the heat source device and the supporting facility pipeline for the evaporator 141 and the cold source device and the supporting facility pipeline for the data center 20 can be reduced.

[0056] The operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system provided by the embodiments of the present invention include the operating conditions of the data center 20 and the operating conditions of the energy storage subsystem 10. Among them, the operating conditions of the energy storage subsystem 10 include an energy storage stage and an energy release stage. The data center 20 operates 24 hours a day, and the energy release stage in the energy storage subsystem 10 also operates 24 hours a day. The energy storage stage can be specifically set according to the peak-valley electricity price rules of the location of the energy comprehensive utilization system and the power generation duration of green energy power generation systems such as wind power and solar power generation. Setting the duration of the energy release stage of the energy storage subsystem 10 to be the same as the operating duration of the data center 20 can ensure that mutual cyclic heat exchange is maintained between the evaporator 141 and the data center 20 under the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system, ensure the full utilization of energy, and ensure the continuous heat dissipation and stable power supply of the data center 20.

[0057] In the heat balance component 30, the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 and the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 are in a relative relationship, indicating that the heat exchange medium flowing through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 has a higher temperature than the heat exchange medium flowing through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The operating principle of the energy comprehensive utilization system provided by the embodiments of the present invention and the principle of the foregoing control method are as follows: Considering that the heat dissipation of the data center 20 may not match the heat supply required by the evaporator 141. For example, the heat supply required by the evaporator 141 may be greater than the heat dissipation of the data center 20. Then, under the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the heat balance component 30 supplements high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 to ensure the heat supply of the evaporator 141. Or the heat dissipation of the data center 20 may exceed the heat supply required by the evaporator 141. Then, under the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the heat balance component 30 supplements low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 to ensure the normal heat dissipation of the data center 20. Here, the high-temperature heat exchange medium and the low-temperature heat exchange medium are in a relative relationship, meaning that the high-temperature heat exchange medium has a higher temperature than the low-temperature heat exchange medium. Since the heat balance component 30 only needs to supplement the part of the heat difference between the data center 20 and the evaporator 141, which is much smaller than the total heat dissipation of the data center 20 and much smaller than the total heat supply required by the evaporator 141, the investment and operating costs of the heat balance component 30 are greatly reduced compared with the traditional cold source equipment of the data center and the traditional evaporator heat source equipment in this embodiment.

[0058] Specifically, the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system can be divided into a first operating condition and a second operating condition, and the heat balance component 30 and the corresponding facilities and pipelines are set respectively for the first operating condition and the second operating condition.

[0059] Under the first operating condition, the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is less than the heat supply required by the evaporator 141. As Figure 3The structure of the energy comprehensive utilization system shown can be adapted to the first operating condition. Among them, the heat balance component 30 includes a heat pump unit 33. The heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 is also connected to the heat pump unit 33 through a high-temperature transmission pipeline 31. The heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 is also connected to the heat pump unit 33 through a low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. Under the first operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141 to the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is heated and raised in temperature by the heat pump unit 33, and then flows into the evaporator 141 together with the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31.

[0060] Specifically, the heat pump unit 33 is a device that can transfer the heat in a low-grade heat source to a high-grade heat source. Its working principle is to realize the transfer of heat through the phase change of the refrigerant in the system based on the reverse Carnot cycle. Specifically, the hot-side inlet 331 and the hot-side outlet 332 of the heat pump unit 33 respectively correspond to the inlet and outlet of the high-grade heat source. The input end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the hot-side outlet 332 of the heat pump unit 33, and the output end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 (it can be connected to the connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20). The input end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 (it can be connected to the connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20), and the output end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the hot-side inlet 331 of the heat pump unit 33.

[0061] Thus, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system can include: under the first operating condition, the heat pump unit 33 receives a part of the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32, heats the received heat exchange medium, and then outputs it to the evaporator 141 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31.

[0062] Through the above settings and control methods, it is possible to continuously supplement the evaporator 141 with high-temperature heat exchange medium by circulating and heating a part of the heat exchange medium through the heat pump unit 33, ensuring that the normal heat supply demand of the evaporator 141 is met.

[0063] In some embodiments, the heat balance component 30 further includes a heat exchange medium storage component 34. The heat exchange medium storage component 34 includes a high-temperature medium storage unit 341 disposed on the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 and a low-temperature medium storage unit 342 disposed on the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The high-temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 are containers with storage functions, which can be boxes, tanks, etc. The high-temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 can be independent containers, or the heat exchange medium storage component 34 adopts a thermocline water tank. The thermocline water tank can utilize the characteristic that water has different densities at different temperatures, so that hot water (i.e., the high-temperature heat exchange medium) naturally floats on the upper layer, and cold water (i.e., the low-temperature heat exchange medium) sinks to the lower layer, and a temperature transition zone (i.e., the thermocline) is formed between the cold water and the hot water. The hot water area in the upper layer of the thermocline water tank forms the high-temperature medium storage unit 341, and the cold water area in the lower layer forms the low-temperature medium storage unit 342.

[0064] The heat exchange medium storage component 34 adopting a thermocline water tank can simultaneously achieve the functions of storing the high-temperature heat exchange medium and the low-temperature heat exchange medium, reduce the number of devices and the floor area, and can quickly respond to the changes in the heat and cold loads, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the heat balance component 30.

[0065] The high-temperature medium storage unit 341 is used to store the high-temperature heat exchange medium output by the heat pump unit 33, and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 is used to store the low-temperature heat exchange medium output to the heat pump unit 33 via the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. By setting the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342, the heat pump unit 33 does not need to start and stop synchronously with the evaporator 141 and the data center 20, and the working time of the heat pump unit 33 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Moreover, by setting the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342, the flow rate and replenishment period of the heat exchange medium supplemented by the heat balance component 30 to the evaporator 141 are convenient to adjust.

[0066] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3 , a seventh pump 97 is further disposed on the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31. The inlet of the seventh pump 97 is connected to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341. In the first operating condition, the seventh pump 97 can provide power for the heat exchange medium stored in the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 to transport the heat exchange medium to the evaporator 141 to supplement the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the evaporator 141.

[0067] In some embodiments, a first valve 81 is provided on the high-temperature medium storage unit 341. The first valve 81 is, for example, a flow regulating valve with adjustable opening degree, and the amount of heat exchange medium supplemented to the evaporator 141 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the first valve 81 to match the heat supply required by the evaporator 141 and the heat dissipation of the data center 20. Specifically, temperature detection equipment and flow detection equipment can be provided at the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 to detect the temperature and flow of the heat exchange medium input into the evaporator 141, and the opening degree of the first valve 81 can be adjusted according to the temperature detection result and the heat supply required by the evaporator 141. For example, if the data center 20 operates at a reduced load, resulting in a decrease in the heat dissipation of the data center 20, the opening degree of the first valve 81 needs to be increased to supplement more high-temperature heat exchange medium. For example, if the data center 20 operates at full load and high power, resulting in an increase in the heat dissipation of the data center 20, the opening degree of the first valve 81 needs to be reduced or even closed to ensure that the heat of the heat exchange medium output to the evaporator 141 through the data center 20 and the heat balance component 30 just meets the heat demand of the evaporator 141, ensuring the stable operation of the system.

[0068] In some embodiments, the cold-side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 and the cold-side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33 respectively correspond to the inlet and outlet of the low-grade heat source. Among them, the heat exchange medium inlet 1233 of the condenser 123 is connected to the cold-side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33, and the heat exchange medium outlet 1234 of the condenser 123 is connected to the cold-side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33. Thus, the heat pump unit 33 can provide part of the cold source for the condenser 123 during the energy storage stage. Specifically, gaseous carbon dioxide enters the condenser 123 from the working medium inlet 1231 of the condenser 123 and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium input into the heat exchange medium inlet 1233 of the condenser 123 from the heat pump unit 33, so that the gaseous carbon dioxide absorbs cold and condenses into a liquid state and is output from the working medium outlet 1232 of the condenser 123 to the liquid storage unit 13, while the heat exchange medium absorbs the heat of the gaseous carbon dioxide and is output from the heat exchange medium outlet 1234 of the condenser 123 after heating, and is transported to the cold-side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 through the fourth pump 94. The heat pump unit 33 uses the heat of the heat exchange medium input from the cold-side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 to realize heating. The hot-side outlet 332 of the heat pump unit 33 outputs high-temperature heat exchange medium to the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 through the second pump 92, and the cooled heat exchange medium is output again through the cold-side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33 to provide cold for the condenser 123.

[0069] Thus, the control method of the comprehensive energy utilization system may include: in the first operating condition and during the energy storage stage, the condenser 123 condenses carbon dioxide by using the cold provided by the heat pump unit 33, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the condenser 123 for heating.

[0070] Through the above settings, the heat pump unit 33 can supply cooling to the condenser 123 in a circulating manner during the energy storage stage while providing a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341, enabling the full utilization of thermal energy and equipment.

[0071] In some embodiments, the integrated energy utilization system further includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem. The integrated energy utilization system further includes a data center heat exchanger 50, which is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20, and the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the heat pump unit 33. The data center heat exchanger 50 is used to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 by using the cooling capacity provided by the heat pump unit 33 under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem.

[0072] Among them, for example, when a device failure or other reasons occur in the energy storage subsystem 10 and the energy release component 14 needs to stop working for maintenance, the energy storage subsystem enters the shutdown condition. At this time, the evaporator 141 stops working, and there is no need to provide heat to the evaporator 141, so the evaporator 141 cannot dissipate heat from the data center 20. In this embodiment, the data center heat exchanger 50 is provided. The first medium inlet 501 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20, and the first medium outlet 502 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate between the data center 20 and the data center heat exchanger 50. The second medium inlet 503 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33, and the second medium outlet 504 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate between the data center heat exchanger 50 and the heat pump unit 33. The heat exchange medium flowing through the data center 20 can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat pump unit 33 through the data center heat exchanger 50 to dissipate heat from the data center 20 and provide heat to the heat pump unit 33 to produce a high-temperature heat exchange medium.

[0073] Thus, the control method of the integrated energy utilization system may include: under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem and during the energy storage stage, the data center heat exchanger 50 uses the cooling capacity provided by the heat pump unit 33 to dissipate heat from the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the data center heat exchanger 50 for heating.

[0074] According to the above settings, the heat pump unit 33 can operate under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem. The heat pump unit 33 can provide cooling capacity to dissipate heat for the data center 20, and can use the high-temperature heat exchange medium produced by the heat pump unit 33 to supplement heat to the evaporator 141 under the first operating condition. It can achieve the full utilization of equipment and heat, reduce the waste of resources and the equipment investment cost, and there is no need to additionally set up a standby cold source for the condition when the evaporator 141 is shut down, and it can adapt to various operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system.

[0075] In some embodiments, the energy comprehensive utilization system includes a data center heat exchanger 50 and a first chiller 41. The data center heat exchanger 50 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. The first chiller 41 is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger 50 and the condenser 123. The data center heat exchanger 50 is used to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 by using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41 under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem. And the condenser 123 is used to condense carbon dioxide by using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41 under the operating condition and during the energy storage stage.

[0076] Specifically, the first chiller 41 is used to produce a low-temperature heat exchange medium, which can be a screw chiller, a scroll chiller, a centrifugal chiller, etc. Specifically, the cold-side inlet 411 of the first chiller 41 is respectively connected to the second medium outlet 504 of the data center heat exchanger 50 and the heat exchange medium outlet 1234 of the condenser 123, and the cold-side outlet 412 of the first chiller 41 is respectively connected to the second medium inlet 503 of the data center heat exchanger 50 and the heat exchange medium inlet 1233 of the condenser 123. Corresponding valves can be respectively set, such as Figure 3 the sixth valve 86, the seventh valve 87, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 shown in. By controlling the opening or closing state of the corresponding valves, the heat exchange medium output by the first chiller 41 can be selectively output to the data center heat exchanger 50 or the condenser 123. For example, during the energy storage stage, the sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 are closed, and the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 are opened, so that the heat exchange medium output by the first chiller 41 enters the condenser 123 to provide cooling capacity. Under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the evaporator 141 stops working and cannot dissipate heat for the data center 20. At this time, the condenser 123 also does not work. The sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 can be opened, and the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 can be closed. So that the heat exchange medium output by the first chiller 41 enters the data center heat exchanger 50 to provide cooling capacity to dissipate heat for the data center 20.

[0077] Thus, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: when in the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser 123 condenses carbon dioxide by using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41; when the energy storage subsystem is in the shutdown condition, the data center heat exchanger 50 cools down the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 by using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41.

[0078] According to the above settings and control method, the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41 can not only meet the cooling demand under normal operating conditions but also ensure the heat dissipation demand of the data center 20 when the energy storage subsystem is in the shutdown condition, without additionally investing in a standby cold source for the data center 20, which can reduce the equipment investment cost. In some embodiments, since multiple chillers can be provided for the first chiller 41 and a standby chiller is provided for the condenser 123, when the energy release component 14 is shut down for maintenance but the energy storage component 12 still operates normally, the sixth valve 86, the seventh valve 87, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 can also be opened simultaneously, and multiple chillers of the first chiller 41 respectively provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123 and the data center heat exchanger 50, which can also achieve the effect of reducing the equipment investment cost.

[0079] Among them, for example, a third cooling tower 42 is also provided to dissipate heat from the first chiller 41. The input end of the third cooling tower 42 is connected to the hot side outlet 414 of the first chiller 41, and the output end of the third cooling tower 42 is connected to the hot side inlet 413 of the first chiller 41 through a third pump 93.

[0080] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown in, the heat pump unit 33 can also be coupled with the first chiller 41. Specifically, the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 is communicated with the cold side inlet 411 of the first chiller 41, and the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33 is communicated with the cold side outlet 412 of the first chiller 41. The first chiller 41 and the heat pump unit 33 can jointly provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123 during the energy storage stage, and the first chiller 41 and the heat pump unit 33 can jointly provide cooling capacity for the data center heat exchanger 50 when the energy storage subsystem is in the shutdown condition. Thus, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: when in the first operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the heat pump unit 33 and the first chiller 41 jointly provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123 to condense carbon dioxide, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the condenser 123 for heating. When the energy storage subsystem is in the shutdown condition, the heat pump unit 33 and the first chiller 41 jointly provide cooling capacity for the data center heat exchanger 50 to dissipate heat from the data center 20, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the data center heat exchanger 50 for heating.

[0081] Under the second operating condition, the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is greater than the heat supply required by the evaporator 141. Figure 4 The structure of the energy comprehensive utilization system shown can be adapted to the second operating condition. Among them, the heat balance component 30 includes a cooling component 35. The heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 is also connected to the cooling component 35 through a high-temperature transmission pipeline 31. The heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 is also connected to the cooling component 35 through a low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. Under the second operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 to the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is cooled by the cooling component 35 and then flows into the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32.

[0082] The cooling component 35 is used to supplement cold energy. In some embodiments, when the site where the energy comprehensive utilization system is built is close to a water source such as a river, lake, etc., a water pump can be used to transport the water from the water source to the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 to cool the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141, which can replace the cooling component 35. Specifically, in this embodiment, the input end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 (which can be connected to the connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141), and the output end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the cooling component 35. The input end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 (which can be connected to the pipeline between the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141), and the output end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the cooling component 35.

[0083] Thus, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system can include: under the second operating condition, the cooling component 35 receives part of the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31, cools the received heat exchange medium, and then outputs it to the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32.

[0084] Through the above settings, it is possible to continuously supplement the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the data center 20 by circulating and cooling part of the heat exchange medium through the cooling component 35, ensuring that the normal heat dissipation requirements of the data center 20 are met.

[0085] In some specific embodiments, the cooling assembly 35 includes a first cooling tower 351, a first heat exchanger 352, a second chiller 353, and a second cooling tower 354. The first heat exchanger 352 is connected between the first cooling tower 351 and the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The second chiller 353 is respectively connected to the first heat exchanger 352 and the second cooling tower 354. The second chiller 353 is used to provide cooling capacity for the first heat exchanger 352, and the second cooling tower 354 is used to dissipate heat for the second chiller 353.

[0086] The first cooling tower 351 and the second cooling tower 354 can be counterflow cooling towers or crossflow cooling towers, etc. The first heat exchanger 352 can be a wall-type heat exchanger, specifically, a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger, etc. can be adopted. The second chiller 353 can be a screw chiller, a scroll chiller, a centrifugal chiller, etc. Specifically, the input end of the first cooling tower 351 is connected to the output end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31, the output end of the first cooling tower 351 is connected to the first medium inlet 3521 of the first heat exchanger 352, and the first medium outlet 3522 of the first heat exchanger 352 is connected to the input end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. And the second medium inlet 3523 of the first heat exchanger 352 is connected to the cold-side outlet 3532 of the second chiller 353, and the second medium outlet 3524 of the first heat exchanger 352 is connected to the cold-side inlet 3531 of the second chiller 353 through the sixth pump 96. In this way, the heat exchange medium output by the second chiller 353 can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium flowing through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 to cool down the heat exchange medium transmitted by the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 for the heat dissipation of the data center 20. The input end of the second cooling tower 354 is connected to the hot-side outlet 3534 of the second chiller 353, and the output end of the second cooling tower 354 is connected to the hot-side inlet 3533 of the second chiller 353 through the fifth pump 95, which can realize circulating cooling for the second chiller 353. By arranging the first cooling tower 351, the first heat exchanger 352, the second chiller 353, and the second cooling tower 354 in the cooling assembly 35, the scenario where there is no water source around the construction site of the energy comprehensive utilization system can be adapted, and circulating refrigeration can be realized to supplement cooling capacity for the data center 20.

[0087] Refer to Figure 4 , with the foregoing Figure 3Similarly, in this embodiment, a data center heat exchanger 50 and a first chiller 41 can also be provided in the energy comprehensive utilization system adapted to the first operating condition. The data center heat exchanger 50 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. The first chiller 41 is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger 50 and the condenser 123. In the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 is divided into two paths. One path enters the cooling component 35 to be cooled by the cold provided by the second chiller 353, and the other path enters the data center heat exchanger 50 to be cooled by the cold provided by the first chiller 41. The condenser 123 is used to condense carbon dioxide by using the cold provided by the first chiller 41 during the operation condition and in the energy storage stage. For the specific settings and connection manners of the data center heat exchanger 50 and the first chiller 41, reference can be made to the descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein again.

[0088] Thus, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: during the second operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser 123 condenses carbon dioxide by using the cold provided by the first chiller 41; in the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the data center heat exchanger 50 cools the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 by using the cold provided by the first chiller 41 and the cooling component 35.

[0089] In this embodiment, the first chiller 41 can provide cold during the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem to ensure that the heat dissipation requirement of the data center 20 is met, and it can adapt to various operating conditions.

[0090] In some embodiments, with reference to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the energy comprehensive utilization system provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a branch pipeline 61. The inlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 1211 of the compression energy storage part 121, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the inlet of the expander 1432 of the expansion energy release part 143. A working medium flow regulating valve 62 is provided on the branch pipeline 61. By providing the branch pipeline 61, a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide output from the outlet of the compressor 1211 can be stored with heat by the first heat storage unit 1212 and then condensed into high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide by the condenser 123 to store energy in the form of heat energy and compression energy, and the other part directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 to expand and do work to generate electricity. Therefore, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system provided by this embodiment may include: during the operation condition and in the energy storage stage, opening the working medium flow regulating valve 62 to enable a part of the carbon dioxide output from the compressor 1211 of the compression energy storage part 121 to enter the condenser 123 for condensation, and the other part to be input from the branch pipeline 61 to the inlet of the expander 1432 of the expansion energy release part 143 to expand and do work.

[0091] Compared with the embodiment without the branch pipeline 61, in the energy comprehensive utilization system and control method provided in this embodiment, only part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 is stored in the liquid storage unit 13. Therefore, the required volume of the liquid storage unit 13 is reduced, which can reduce the construction investment cost of the liquid storage unit 13, and at the same time ensure that part of the carbon dioxide needs to pass through the evaporator 141 for evaporation, so that the evaporator 141 can be used to dissipate heat from the data center 20. Moreover, compared with the embodiment without the branch pipeline 61, part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 can directly enter the expander 1432 for expansion work, which can reduce the energy loss of the carbon dioxide flowing through each device and improve the power generation efficiency. Since the power generation periods of green power sources such as wind power and solar power are unstable due to factors such as site climate and environment, they cannot meet the 24-hour operation demand of the data center 20. In this embodiment, the motor connected to the compressor 1211 can be connected to green power sources such as wind power and solar power. Whether the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 enters the liquid storage unit 13 or directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 for work, it can be converted into stable electric energy to provide stable electric energy for the data center 20. The opening degree of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can be adjusted according to the duration of the energy storage stage to ensure the normal operation of the evaporator 141 to dissipate heat from the data center 20 while maximizing the power generation efficiency.

[0092] In some embodiments, when the compression energy storage part 121 includes a multi-stage compressor 1211, the inlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the outlet of the last-stage compressor 1211 in the multi-stage compressor 1211. Figure 5 An embodiment in which the compression energy storage part 121 includes a two-stage compressor 1211 is illustrated. The inlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the outlet of the second-stage compressor 1211, which can obtain more power generation, improve the power generation efficiency and energy utilization rate.

[0093] In some embodiments, the opening degree of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can be adjusted according to the power generation amount of the expander 1432. The specific control method is as follows: During the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that the mass flow rate of the carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline 61 satisfies the following relationship:

[0094]

[0095] where m is the mass flow rate of the carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline 61 (unit: kg / s), is the power generation amount of the expander 1432 in the expansion energy release part 143 (kJ / s); is the enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the expander 1432 (unit: kJ / kg).

[0096] Among them, as described in the foregoing embodiments, the generator connected to the expander 1432 is connected to the power input end of the data center 20 to supply power to the data center 20. Therefore, the power generation amount W of the expander 1432 in this embodiment can be determined according to the power consumption demand of the data center 20 to ensure that the power generation amount of the expander 1432 meets the normal operation of the data center 20. The enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the expander 1432 can be calculated based on the inlet temperature and pressure of the expander 1432 and the outlet temperature and pressure of the expander 1432. By adjusting the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 through the above method, during the energy storage stage, a part of the carbon dioxide can directly enter the expander 1432 from the outlet of the compressor 1211 to do work and generate electricity, and the remaining carbon dioxide enters the liquid storage unit 13 to achieve energy storage. All the carbon dioxide input to the expander 1432 during the energy storage stage comes from the branch pipeline 61, which can improve the power generation efficiency and meet the power consumption demand of the data center 20, reducing energy waste.

[0097] In some embodiments, the opening degree of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can be adjusted according to the duration of the energy storage stage. The specific control method is as follows: During the energy storage stage, adjust the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 so that the relationship between the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline 61 and the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 of the compression energy storage unit 121 satisfies the following relationship:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline, is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compression energy storage unit; is the duration of the energy storage stage.

[0100] Among them, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is only connected to the municipal power grid, the duration of the energy storage stage is the local valley power duration, which can be determined according to the local peak-valley power usage rules. For example, if the local valley power duration is 6 hours, then the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline is less than or equal to one-fourth of the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compression energy storage unit When is equal to one-fourth of, the power generation efficiency can be maximized and it can be ensured that the evaporator 141 continuously dissipates heat for the data center 20.

[0101] In some embodiments, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is connected to the municipal power grid and also connected to green power sources such as wind power and solar power generation, the duration of the energy storage stage can be determined according to the power generation duration of the green energy and the local valley power duration, and then the opening degree of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can be determined.

[0102] For example, the opening degree of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can also be directly adjusted according to the local valley power duration, so that the following formula is satisfied:

[0103]

[0104] where is the local valley power duration.

[0105] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rated mass flow rates of the compressor 1211 and the expander 1432 in the energy storage subsystem 10 can also be designed according to the local valley power duration or the energy storage stage duration. For example, the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432 and the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211 satisfy the following relationship:

[0106]

[0107] is the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432, is the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211, is the energy storage stage duration. Among them, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is only connected to the municipal power grid, the energy storage stage duration is the local valley power duration, which can be determined according to the local peak-valley electricity consumption rules. For example, if the local valley power duration is 6 hours, the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432 is one-fourth of the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211. By reasonably setting the rated mass flow rates of the expander 1432 and the compressor 1211, it can be ensured that the energy release stage operates for 24 hours throughout the day and the expander 1432 and the compressor 1211 can operate under the condition of the rated mass flow rate as much as possible, the equipment selection is more reasonable, and the power generation efficiency is higher. In some embodiments, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is connected to the municipal power grid and also connected to green power sources such as wind power and solar power generation, the duration of the energy storage stage can be determined according to the power generation duration of the green energy and the local valley power duration. For example, the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432 and the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211 satisfy the following relationship:

[0108]

[0109] is the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432, is the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211, is the local valley power duration. By setting the relationship of the above-mentioned rated mass flow rates, the selection of the compressor 1211 and the expander 1432 can be more appropriate, saving the equipment investment cost and ensuring the power generation efficiency.

[0110] The following is a description of Figure 3 and Figure 4The operating principles and processes of the comprehensive energy utilization system shown are explained with specific examples.

[0111] like Figure 3 When the energy comprehensive utilization system shown is in the first operating condition, in the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 in the energy storage subsystem 10 is opened, the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 is first input into the compressor 1211 to be compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, and the opening of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that a part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 enters the first heat storage unit 1212, and the first heat storage unit 1212 absorbs heat and stores it; another part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 to generate power and provide power for the data center 20. The low-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide output from the first heat storage unit 1212 enters the condenser 123, the sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 are closed, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 are opened, and the first chiller 41 and the heat pump unit 33 are started to provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123, so as to condense the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and store it in the liquid storage unit 13. At the same time, the low-temperature heat exchange medium stored in the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 is heated to a high-temperature heat exchange medium by the heat pump unit 33 and then transported to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 for storage. The third cooling tower 42 provides the first chiller 41 with a heat dissipation medium through the third pump 93 for heat dissipation. The energy release stage operates 24 hours a day. In the energy release stage, the third valve 83 and the fifth valve 85 are closed, and the second valve 82 and the fourth valve 84 are opened. The liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 13 enters the evaporator 141 to absorb heat and heat up to convert into gas, and then absorbs heat through the second heat storage unit 1431 to become high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide and enters the expander 1432 to generate power. After the work is completed, the gaseous carbon dioxide flows back to the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 for storage. The first pump 91 is started to realize the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the evaporator 141 and the data center 20. The heat exchange medium output by the first pump 91 enters the data center 20 to dissipate heat for the data center 20, and is transmitted to the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 for storage via the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The flow rate of the first pump 91 and the opening degree of the first valve 81 are controlled according to the heat required by the evaporator 141, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium transported from the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 to the evaporator 141 via the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is controlled, so that the heat exchange medium output via the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 and the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 flow into the evaporator 141 together to meet the heat demand of the evaporator 141.

[0112] When the energy storage subsystem 10 needs to be maintained and repaired, it enters the energy storage subsystem shutdown condition, and the working fluid flow regulating valve 62, the first valve 81, the second valve 82, the fourth valve 84, the eighth valve 88, and the ninth valve 89 are closed. The third valve 83, the fifth valve 85, the sixth valve 86, and the seventh valve 87 are opened. The heat pump unit 33 and / or the first chiller 41 is started to provide cooling capacity for the data center heat exchanger 50, and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium output by the data center 20 to achieve cooling of the data center 20. When the heat pump unit 33 is started, the heat exchange medium stored in the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 is also heated and then transported to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 for storage. When the first chiller 41 is started, the third cooling tower 42 is also started to dissipate heat by transporting the heat dissipation medium to the first chiller 41.

[0113] The water replenishing device 70 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. During the operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the water replenishing device 70 is used to replenish the heat exchange medium to ensure the sufficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0114] Such as Figure 4When the energy comprehensive utilization system shown is in the second operating condition, during the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 in the energy storage subsystem 10 is opened, and the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 is first input into the compressor 1211 and compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide. The opening degree of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that a part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 enters the first heat storage unit 1212, and the first heat storage unit 1212 absorbs heat and stores it; another part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 to do work and generate electricity to provide electrical energy for the data center 20. The low-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide output from the first heat storage unit 1212 enters the condenser 123. The sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 are closed, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 are opened, and the first chiller 41 is started to provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123 to condense the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and store it in the liquid storage unit 13. The third cooling tower 42 supplies the heat dissipation medium to the first chiller 41 through the third pump 93 for heat dissipation. The energy release stage operates 24 hours a day. During the energy release stage, the third valve 83 and the fifth valve 85 are closed, and the second valve 82 and the fourth valve 84 are opened. The liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 13 enters the evaporator 141 to absorb heat and increase the temperature to be converted into gaseous state, and then enters the expander 1432 to do work and generate electricity after absorbing heat through the second heat storage unit 1431 to become high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide. After the work is completed, the gaseous carbon dioxide flows back to the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 for storage. Among them, the first pump 91 is started to realize the circulation of the heat transfer medium between the evaporator 141 and the data center 20. The heat transfer medium output by the first pump 91 enters the data center 20 to realize the heat dissipation of the data center 20. The heat transfer medium output by the data center 20 enters the evaporator 141 on one hand to provide the required heat for the evaporator 141, and on the other hand, it is transmitted to the first cooling tower 351 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 for cooling. The second chiller 353 is started to provide cooling capacity for the first heat exchanger 352. The heat transfer medium cooled by the first cooling tower 351 enters the first heat exchanger 352, is cooled and then transmitted through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 and flows into the data center 20 together with the heat transfer medium output by the evaporator 141 to realize the heat dissipation of the data center 20. During the operation of the second chiller 353, the second cooling tower 354 supplies the heat dissipation medium to the second chiller 353 through the fifth pump 95 and uses the heat dissipation medium to circulate and dissipate heat from the second chiller 353.

[0115] When the energy storage subsystem 10 needs to be maintained and repaired, it enters the energy storage subsystem shutdown condition. The working medium flow regulating valve 62, the second valve 82, the fourth valve 84, the eighth valve 88, and the ninth valve 89 are closed. The third valve 83, the fifth valve 85, the sixth valve 86, and the seventh valve 87 are opened. The first chiller 41 is started to provide cooling capacity for the data center heat exchanger 50. A part of the heat exchange medium output by the data center 20 enters the data center heat exchanger 50 for heat exchange and cooling, and the other part enters the first cooling tower 351 and the first heat exchanger 352 in sequence through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 for cooling and then is transmitted through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 to flow into the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium output by the data center heat exchanger 50. The first chiller 41 and the cooling assembly 35 are used to realize the circulating cooling of the heat exchange medium to dissipate heat for the data center 20.

[0116] The water replenishing device 70 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. During the operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the water replenishing device 70 is used to replenish the heat exchange medium to ensure the sufficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0117] In summary, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to the data center provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Coupling the evaporator 141 in the energy storage subsystem with the data center 20 can supply heat to the evaporator 141 and dissipate heat for the data center 20 simultaneously through the circulating flow of the heat exchange medium between the data center 20 and the evaporator 141, which can reduce the construction investment cost of the heating facilities of the evaporator 141 and the heat dissipation facilities of the data center 20, and realize the full utilization of energy. (2) Configuring the heat balance assembly 30 can ensure the stable operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system for the scenario where the heat supply required by the evaporator 141 is inconsistent with the heat dissipation of the data center 20. (3) During the energy release stage when the energy storage subsystem 10 operates 24 hours a day, the generated electricity is used for the data center 20, matching the characteristics of the data center 20 operating 24 hours a day, and providing a stable and continuous power supply for the operation of the data center 20. (4) Setting the data center heat exchanger 50 to be coupled with the first chiller 41 can ensure that the data center 20 can still be cooled when the evaporator 141 is shut down, maintain the stable operation of the data center 20, and there is no need to additionally increase standby refrigeration equipment, reducing the investment cost and being applicable to various working conditions. (5) Setting the branch pipeline 61 and the working medium flow regulating valve 62 in the energy storage subsystem 10 can reduce the energy loss and the volume of the liquid storage unit 13, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. (6) The energy storage subsystem 10 is coupled with green energy such as wind power and solar power generation, and can convert the green energy into a stable power output to provide a stable power supply for the data center 20.

[0118] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the above-disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers, characterized in that: include: An energy storage subsystem, the energy storage subsystem comprising a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component connected in a closed loop in sequence; the energy storage component comprising a condenser, the energy storage component being used to compress the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and condense it into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser and then store it in the liquid storage unit; the energy release component comprising an evaporator, the energy release component being used to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide output by the liquid storage unit into gaseous carbon dioxide through the evaporator, and causing the gaseous carbon dioxide to expand and do work and then store it in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; A data center, wherein a heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is connected to a heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator, and a heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is connected to a heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator; and A heat balance component, comprising a high temperature transmission pipeline and a low temperature transmission pipeline, wherein the high temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator, and the low temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator; The heat balance component is used to supplement the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or to supplement the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline when the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for the data center is in operation and the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the required heating amount of the evaporator.

2. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The operating conditions include a first operating condition, under which the heat dissipation of the data center is less than the required heat supply of the evaporator; The heat balance component includes a heat pump unit; the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the first operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator to the low-temperature transmission pipeline is heated by the heat pump unit, and then flows into the evaporator together with the heat exchange medium output from the data center through the high-temperature transmission pipeline.

3. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The heat balance component further includes a heat exchange medium storage component, and the heat exchange medium storage component includes a high-temperature medium storage unit disposed on the high-temperature transmission pipeline and a low-temperature medium storage unit disposed on the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

4. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The heat exchange medium inlet of the condenser is connected to the cold side outlet of the heat pump unit, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the condenser is connected to the cold side inlet of the heat pump unit.

5. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger, the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center, and the data center heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump unit; the data center heat exchanger is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the heat pump unit to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center when the energy storage subsystem is shut down.

6. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; the data center heat exchanger is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller to cool down the heat exchange medium output from the data center under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; and the condenser is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage.

7. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The operating condition includes a second operating condition, in which the heat dissipation of the data center is greater than the heat supply required by the evaporator; The heat balance component includes a cooling component, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the second operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the data center to the high-temperature transmission pipeline is cooled by the cooling component, and then flows into the data center together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

8. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The cooling assembly includes a first cooling tower, a first heat exchanger, a second chiller and a second cooling tower; the first heat exchanger is connected between the first cooling tower and the low-temperature transmission pipeline; the second chiller is respectively connected to the first heat exchanger and the second cooling tower; the second chiller is used to provide cooling for the first heat exchanger, and the second cooling tower is used to dissipate heat for the second chiller.

9. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the heat exchange medium output from the data center is divided into two paths, one path enters the cooling component to cool down using the cold provided by the second chiller, and the other path enters the data center heat exchanger to cool down using the cold provided by the first chiller; the condenser is used to condense carbon dioxide using the cold provided by the first chiller under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage.

10. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compression energy storage part, which is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, which is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compression energy storage part, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working fluid flow regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.

11. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: The compression energy storage unit includes multiple stages of compressors, and the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the last stage compressor among the multiple stages of compressors.

12. A control method, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes an operating condition, and the control method includes: Under the operating conditions, when the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator, the heat balance component replenishes the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or replenishes the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

13. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to the data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to the data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the control method includes: Under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser uses the cold provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide; under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the data center heat exchanger uses the cold provided by the first chiller to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center.

14. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers also includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compression energy storage part, which is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, which is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compression energy storage part, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working medium flow regulating valve is provided on the branch pipeline; the control method includes: Under the operating conditions and in the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve is opened to allow part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compression energy storage part to enter the condenser for condensation, and the other part is input from the branch pipeline to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part to expand and perform work.

15. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The control method further includes: in the energy storage stage, adjusting the working fluid flow regulating valve so that the mass flow of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, m is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline, The power generation of the expander of the expansion energy release unit; is the inlet and outlet enthalpy difference of the expander.

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