Laser double-optical-path fine tuning type laser coaxial wire feeding device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser double-light-path fine-tuning type laser coaxial wire feeding device and method, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. Comprising a laser output connecting system, a laser splitting and combining system, a laser converging device, a laser condensing device, a nozzle device and a wire feeding device. The laser cladding device has the advantages that the structure is novel, the problem of coaxiality of laser and a wire is solved, the laser cladding precision is improved, automatic adjustment is realized through the optical sensor and a mechanical mechanism, the accuracy and consistency of adjustment each time can be ensured, and the production efficiency is improved. Pulse laser and continuous laser output by the laser output connection system are integrated into one light beam through the right-angle reflector and the polarization beam splitter, the complex and harsh additive manufacturing requirements are met, and the laser cladding additive manufacturing device can be widely popularized in the fields of laser cladding additive manufacturing and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device and method. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, improving the surface properties of materials is crucial to extending the service life of parts and reducing costs. As an advanced means of material surface modification, laser cladding technology has attracted much attention in recent years. It uses a high-energy laser beam to quickly melt the cladding material and the substrate surface and form a metallurgical bond, effectively improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other properties of the material surface. In the scope of laser cladding technology, the wire feeding method greatly affects the cladding quality. Off-axis wire feeding is one of the more common methods, and its system structure is relatively simple and the cost is low. However, the wire feeding direction of this method is inconsistent with the direction of the laser beam, which makes the molten pool receive the wire unevenly during the cladding process. Especially when cladding complex-shaped workpieces, it is difficult to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the cladding layer, which seriously restricts its application in the repair and manufacturing of high-precision and complex-shaped parts. In contrast, laser coaxial wire feeding cladding equipment can theoretically overcome the above difficulties and make the wire feed enter the molten pool evenly in all directions, but the existing coaxial wire feeding cladding equipment still has some shortcomings and urgently needs further improvement and innovation.

[0003] In the laser cladding process, the stability and accuracy of the optical path have a significant impact on the cladding quality. At present, there are many problems that need to be solved in the optical path control of laser cladding equipment. Most of the optical path adjustment of traditional laser cladding equipment is based on manual operation or pre-set fixed parameters. Manual adjustment depends entirely on the professional knowledge and experience level of the operator. The operation of different operators varies greatly, and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of each adjustment. In addition, in the actual production process, complex factors in the working environment (such as large fluctuations in temperature in the workshop, vibrations caused by the operation of large equipment, etc.) and the long-term use and loss of the equipment itself will inevitably cause the optical path to shift. For example, the high heat generated by the long-term operation of the laser generator may cause slight deformation of components such as optical lenses, thereby changing the propagation path of the optical path. The adjustment mode that simply relies on preset fixed parameters cannot adapt to these dynamic changes in time. Once the optical path deviates, the distribution of laser energy in the cladding area will become uneven. This will cause inconsistent thickness of the cladding layer, local over-melting or under-fusion, seriously affecting the quality of the cladding layer, reducing product performance and reliability, and even causing product scrapping and increasing production costs. Therefore, developing a technology that can automatically adjust the optical path in real time and accurately is of great practical significance for improving the performance of laser cladding equipment and ensuring the stability of cladding quality.

[0004] At the same time, traditional laser cladding equipment mainly uses a single type of laser source, namely continuous laser or pulsed laser, and each of these two methods has certain limitations. When the continuous laser cladding equipment is working, the laser energy is continuously output, which can provide stable energy input and ensure the continuity of the cladding layer. However, its energy distribution is relatively uniform, and it is difficult to accurately control the solidification process of the molten pool in the processing of some materials with special requirements for the structure and performance of the cladding layer. Pulsed laser cladding equipment relies on releasing high-energy pulses in a short time to melt the material. Its advantage is that it can accurately control the time and size of energy input, which can effectively reduce the heat-affected zone and reduce the impact on the performance of the substrate. However, the energy output of the pulsed laser is discontinuous, and the range of action of a single pulse is limited. When performing large-area cladding, frequent scanning is required, resulting in low processing efficiency. At the same time, due to the discreteness of the pulse energy, there are certain challenges in ensuring the uniformity of the cladding layer, and the thickness of the cladding layer may be inconsistent. With the continuous improvement of the manufacturing industry's requirements for material surface performance, such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields, the cladding layer is required to have higher hardness, better wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and there are also strict requirements for cladding efficiency and quality stability. Traditional single laser source cladding equipment can no longer meet these complex and demanding requirements. Therefore, developing a dual-laser superposition cladding equipment that can combine the advantages of continuous laser and pulsed laser has become a key direction for improving the application level of laser cladding technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device and method to solve the problems of the existing coaxial wire feeding cladding equipment, such as the inability to automatically adjust the optical path propagation path and the inability of a single type of laser source to clad a target workpiece.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is to include a laser output connection system, a laser light-splitting and light-combining system, a laser merging device, a laser focusing device, a nozzle device and a wire feeding device, wherein the laser output connection system is connected to the laser light-splitting and light-combining system through bolts, the laser light-splitting and light-combining system is connected to the side of the laser merging device through bolts, the bottom of the laser merging device is also connected to the laser light-splitting and light-combining system through bolts, the bottom of the laser light-splitting and light-combining system is connected to the laser focusing device through bolts, the bottom of the laser focusing device is connected to the nozzle device through bolts, and the wire feeding device runs through the laser merging device, the laser light-splitting and light-combining system, the laser focusing device and the nozzle device.

[0007] The laser output connection system of the present invention comprises a laser output device 1 and a laser output device 2, wherein the laser output device 1 comprises a laser optical fiber 1, a laser shaper 1 and a housing 1, the laser optical fiber 1 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 1, and the laser optical fiber 1 is fixedly connected to the housing 1 by bolts; the laser output device 2 comprises a laser optical fiber 2, a laser shaper 2 and a housing 2; the laser optical fiber 2 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 2, and the laser optical fiber 2 is fixedly connected to the housing 2 by bolts.

[0008] The laser light splitting and combining system of the present invention comprises a laser light splitting device 1, a laser light splitting device 2 and a laser light combining device, wherein the laser light splitting device 1 comprises a light splitting refractor 1, a clamping plate 1, a push rod 1, a turntable 1, a shell 3 and a light sensor 1, wherein the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to four clamping plates 1 respectively, the light sensor 1 is fixed to the light splitting refractor 1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 1 and the clamping plates 1 are connected together through four push rods 1 respectively, the position of the clamping plates 1 is adjusted by moving the push rod 1, the turntable 1 is connected to the shell 3 through a bearing, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates 1 respectively, the light sensor 1 is fixed to the shell 3 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 1 and the clamping plates 1 are connected together through four push rods 1 respectively, the position of the clamping plates 1 is adjusted by moving the push rod 1, the turntable 1 is connected to the shell 3 through a bearing, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates 1 respectively, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixed to the shell 3 through a mortise and tenon structure, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates 1 respectively, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixed to the shell 3 through a mortise and tenon structure, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates 1 respectively, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected ... Rotational motion, the shell 3 is connected to the shell 1 by bolts; the laser spectrometer device 2 includes a spectroscopic refractor 2, a clamp plate 2, a push rod 2, a turntable 2, a shell 4 and a light sensor 2, wherein the spectroscopic refractor 2 is fixedly connected to four clamp plates 2 respectively, the light sensor 2 is fixed to the spectroscopic refractor 2 by a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 2 and the clamp plates 2 are connected together by four push rods 2 respectively, the position of the clamp plates 2 is adjusted by moving the push rods 2, the turntable 2 is connected to the shell 4 by a bearing, and performs a rotational motion, and the shell 4 is connected to the shell 2 by bolts; The laser light combining device includes a light combining refractor, a clamp plate three, a push rod three, a turntable three, a shell six and a light sensor three, wherein the light combining refractor is fixedly connected to four clamp plates three respectively, the light sensor three is fixed to the light combining refractor through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables three and the clamp plates three are respectively connected together through four push rods three, the position of the clamp plates three is adjusted by moving the push rod three, the turntable three is connected to the shell six through a bearing for rotational motion, and the shell six is ​​connected to the shell five through bolts.

[0009] The laser convergence device of the present invention comprises a right-angle reflector, a beam combiner and a shell five, wherein the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner are fixed in the shell five through a holder, and the outer side of the shell five is fixedly connected to the shell three and the shell four respectively through bolts.

[0010] The laser focusing device described in the present invention includes a convex lens, four clamps, four push rods, four turntables, seven shells and four light sensors, wherein the convex lens is fixedly connected to the four clamps respectively, four light sensors are fixedly connected to the convex lens through mortise and tenon structures, four turntables and four clamps are connected together through four push rods respectively, the position of the clamps four is adjusted by moving the push rods four, the turntable four is connected to the shell seven through a bearing to perform a rotational motion, and the shell seven is connected to the shell six through bolts.

[0011] The nozzle device of the present invention comprises a nozzle connector, a nozzle and an air pipe, wherein the nozzle is connected to the nozzle connector via a thread, the air pipe is fixed to the nozzle, and the nozzle connector is connected to the lower part of the shell via a bolt.

[0012] The wire feeding device of the present invention passes through the laser converging device, the laser light combining device and the laser light focusing device and is connected to the nozzle device for feeding out the wire material.

[0013] A laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Connect the laser output connection system to the two external laser devices respectively, connect the shielding gas to the gas pipe, and connect the wire feeding device to the wire feeder; Step 2: Move the nozzle device to the preset working position, and the laser output connection system starts to emit continuous laser and pulse laser. The pulse laser emitted by laser fiber 1 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 1 and then incident backwards. The continuous laser emitted by laser fiber 2 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 2 and then incident backwards. Step 3: The two ring lasers are respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the laser splitting device 1 and the laser splitting device 1 in the light splitting and combining system and respectively by the beam splitting refractor; Step 4: The lasers emitted by the laser output connection system 1 and the laser output connection system 2 are merged into one beam through the laser merging device. The pulsed laser emitted from the laser output connection system 1 is completely refracted downward by the right-angle reflector of the laser merging device. The beam combiner allows the Gaussian light reflected from the right-angle reflector to be completely transmitted to the device below. The continuous laser emitted from the laser output connection system 2 is completely refracted downward by the beam combiner. The two laser beams overlap and propagate backward in the beam combiner, so that the subsequent convex lens has the same focus when focusing, realizing the use of continuous laser or pulsed laser or the superposition of the two, which is used in situations where the material is difficult to process; Step 5: The laser transmitted from the laser converging device passes through the laser light combining device and the light combining refractor combines the two semicircular ring lasers into one ring laser. The two semicircular ring lights will have two focal points when passing through the convex lens. The semicircular rings will be combined into one ring light so that the focal points will overlap. Step 6: The laser transmitted from the laser light combining device is focused by the convex lens in the laser focusing device. The energy originally distributed on the ring will converge to the central area, which greatly increases the energy density at the focus and enhances the central intensity. Step 7: The wire feeding device feeds the wire. The wire feeding device is coaxial with the laser to the nozzle. To ensure that the wire feeding device can reach the nozzle without obstacles, a hole is opened between the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner to allow the wire feeding tube to pass through. Step 8: The gas pipe starts to supply gas for laser cladding; Step 9: After the cladding experiment is completed, turn off the laser cladding equipment and clean the test bench.

[0014] In the third step of the present invention, the optical path of the incoming ring laser is automatically adjusted through the light splitting and combining system. The adjustment methods of the laser splitting device 1 and the laser splitting device 2 are the same, wherein the specific adjustment method of the laser splitting device 1 in the light splitting and combining system is: the X-direction deflection of the beam splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by two oppositely placed push rods 1, and the Y-direction deflection of the beam splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by another two oppositely placed push rods 1. During the working process of one group of push rods 1, a lateral offset force will be generated in the other group of push rods 1. After being subjected to the offset force, a turntable 1 connected to the push rods 1 will rotate accordingly. This rotation is not powered by other machinery and is driven by the force generated by the push rods 1. There is a row of light sensors 1 every 90° on the beam splitting and refractor, and the light sensors are used to judge The distance from the laser to the refractor is measured. The ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 will pass through the optical sensor of the beam splitter refractor 1. If the optical path is transmitted along the center, it will be incident on the notch position on the optical sensor, which means that the laser has not been offset. If the sensor detects the generation of the laser, it means that the laser has been offset. After the sensor recognizes the laser signal, it generates a signal based on the distance from the sensor to the center of the beam splitter refractor, and transmits the information to the push rod 1 through the circuit. The push rod 1 is driven to change the angle of the beam splitter refractor 1, so that the laser light path is transmitted along the center. The sensor has a partial notch. When the laser propagates along the correct optical path, the laser hits the notch of the sensor, which can prevent the sensor from absorbing the laser and weakening the light intensity. That is, the transmission path of the laser is adjusted through feedback, and automatic adjustment is achieved.

[0015] In the seventh step of the present invention, in order to ensure that the ring laser will not be refracted or projected through the wire feeding tube by the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 and the laser shaper 2 passes through the beam splitter refracting mirror 1 and the beam splitter refracting mirror 2 in the laser light splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the laser emission is horizontally offset in two directions, so that the gap of the split ring laser can pass through the wire feeding tube, and the laser will not contact the wire feeding tube until the laser passes through the beam combining refracting mirror in the laser light combining device in the laser light splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the two semicircular lasers are horizontally offset into a circular laser through the beam combining refracting mirror, thereby realizing the function of allowing the wire feeding tube to pass the laser and achieving the function of coaxial wire feeding. The advantages of the present invention are: 1. The present invention plans the optical path through a laser light splitting and combining system and a laser shaper, so that the laser can be divided into two semicircular ring lights after entering the laser light splitting device, preventing the laser from affecting the wire and the wire feeding device, and then merged into a beam of circular ring light after passing through the laser light combining device. There is no loss or consumption of light in this process, which solves the problem of coaxiality of the laser and the wire, allows the wire to be fed in all directions, ensures the uniformity and consistency of the cladding layer when processing complex-shaped workpieces, and improves the accuracy of laser cladding.

[0016] 2. The present invention uses optical sensors and mechanical mechanisms. When the light path does not propagate along the prescribed path, part of the laser will fall on the optical sensor. The sensor recognizes and issues a command to the push rod to change the direction of the lens so that the light path continues to propagate along the prescribed path. This solves the problem of long-term use wear and tear of the equipment itself, which causes the light path to shift and requires manual adjustment. It also solves the problem that manual adjustment is completely dependent on the professional knowledge and experience level of the operator, and the operations of different operators vary greatly, making it difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of each adjustment.

[0017] 3. The present invention integrates the pulse laser and continuous laser output by the laser output connection system into one beam of light through a right-angle reflector and a polarization beam splitter. Compared with the traditional cladding equipment with a single laser source, it solves the limitations of single light source processing and realizes the processing of complex and demanding requirements that are difficult to meet with a single light source.

[0018] The present invention can be widely promoted in the fields of laser cladding additive manufacturing and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser light splitting and combining system and the laser output connection system of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a laser output device 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser output device 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a laser spectrometer according to the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser spectrometer device 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser light combining device of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser combining device of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser focusing device of the present invention; Fig.10It is a schematic structural diagram of the nozzle device of the present invention; Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wire feeding device of the present invention Fig.12 It is the optical path principle diagram of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a principle diagram of the light path propagation of the beam splitter and refractor of the present invention; Fig.14 This is a principle diagram of light path propagation of the light combining refractor of the present invention; Fig.15 It is a principle diagram of adjusting the optical path of the optical sensor of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] See also Figure 1 , including a laser output connection system 1, a laser light-splitting and light-combining system 2, a laser converging device 3, a laser light-focusing device 4, a nozzle device 5 and a wire feeding device 6, wherein the laser output connection system 1 is connected to the laser light-splitting and light-combining system 2 by bolts, the laser light-splitting and light-combining system 2 is connected to the side of the laser converging device 3 by bolts, the bottom of the laser converging device 3 is also connected to the laser light-splitting and light-combining system 2 by bolts, the bottom of the laser light-splitting and light-combining system 2 is connected to the laser light-focusing device 4 by bolts, the bottom of the laser light-focusing device 4 is connected to the nozzle device 5 by bolts, and the wire feeding device 6 runs through the laser converging device 3, the laser light-splitting and light-combining system 2, the laser light-focusing device 4 and the nozzle device 5.

[0021] See also Figure 2 , 3 4. The laser output connection system 1 comprises a laser output device 1-1 and a laser output device 2 1-2, wherein the laser output device 1-1 comprises a laser optical fiber 1-1-1, a laser shaper 1-1-2 and a housing 1-1-3, the laser optical fiber 1-1-1 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 1-1-2, and the laser optical fiber 1-1-1 is fixedly connected to the housing 1-1-3 by bolts; the laser output device 2 1-2 comprises a laser optical fiber 2 1-2-1, a laser shaper 2 1-2-2 and a housing 2 1-2-3; the laser optical fiber 2 1-2-1 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 2 1-2-2, and the laser optical fiber 2 1-2-1 is fixedly connected to the housing 2 1-2-3 by bolts; The laser output connection system 1 has the function of emitting pulsed laser or continuous laser and converting Gaussian laser into annular light spot, and is composed of two laser output connection systems 1-1 and 1-2. The laser output connection system 1-1 can emit pulsed laser, and the laser output connection system 2 1-2 can emit continuous laser to cope with different processing conditions. Pulse laser can be used for high-precision processing, with instantaneous effect and small thermal impact; continuous laser is suitable for fast cutting and welding, and can provide stable energy output; laser shaper 1-1-2 and laser shaper 2 1-2-2 can convert Gaussian laser beam into annular light spot, realize the adjustment of light intensity distribution, ensure more uniform energy distribution and zero light intensity in the center, prevent the wire feeding device 6 from being affected by the laser, and help improve the material processing quality; See also Figure 2 , 5 6. The laser light splitting and combining system 2 comprises a laser light splitting device 2-1, a laser light splitting device 2-2 and a laser light combining device 2-3, wherein the laser light splitting device 2-1 comprises a light splitting refractor 2-1-1, a clamping plate 2-1-2, a push rod 2-1-3, a turntable 2-1-4, a shell 3 2-1-5 and a light sensor 2-1-6, wherein the light splitting refractor 2-1-1 is fixedly connected to four clamping plates 2-1-2 respectively, the light sensor 2-1-6 is fixed to the light splitting refractor 2-1-1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 2-1-4 and the clamping plates 2-1-2 are connected together through four push rods 2-1-3 respectively, the position of the clamping plates 2-1-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod, the turntable 2-1-4 is connected to the shell 3 2-1-5 through a bearing, and performs a rotational motion, Shell three 2-1-5 is connected to shell one 1-1-3 by bolts; the laser spectrometer device two 2-2 includes a spectroscopic refractor two 2-2-1, a clamp plate two 2-2-2, a push rod two 2-2-3, a turntable two 2-2-4, a shell four 2-2-5 and a light sensor two 2-2-6, wherein the spectroscopic refractor two 2-2-1 is fixedly connected to four clamp plates two 2-2-2 respectively, the light sensor two 2-2-6 is fixed on the spectroscopic refractor two 2-2-1 by a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables two 2-2-4 and the clamp plates two 2-2-2 are connected together by four push rods two 2-2-3 respectively, the position of the clamp plates two 2-2-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod two, the turntable two 2-1-4 is connected to the shell four 2-2-5 by a bearing, and performs a rotational motion, and the shell four 2-2-5 is connected to the shell two 1-2-3 by bolts; See also Figure 2 , 7The laser light combining device 2-3 includes a light combining refractor 2-3-1, a clamp plate three 2-3-2, a push rod three 2-3-3, a turntable three 2-3-4, a shell six 2-3-5 and a light sensor three 2-3-6, wherein the light combining refractor 2-3-1 is fixedly connected to four clamp plates three 2-3-2 respectively, the light sensor three 2-3-6 is fixed to the light combining refractor 2-3-1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables three 2-3-4 and the clamp plates three 2-3-2 are respectively connected together through four push rods three 2-3-3, the position of the clamp plates three 2-3-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod three, the turntable three 2-3-4 is connected to the shell six 2-3-5 through a bearing to perform a rotational motion, and the shell six 2-3-5 is connected to the shell five 3-3 through bolts.

[0022] The laser light splitting and combining system 2 can split the ring laser into two semicircular ring lasers and combine the two semicircular ring lasers into one ring laser, and can automatically fine-tune the laser emission direction according to the laser incident position.

[0023] See also Figure 8 The laser converging device 3 includes a right-angle reflector 3-1, a beam combiner 3-2 and a shell 5 3-3, wherein the right-angle reflector 3-1 and the beam combiner 3-2 are fixed in the shell 5 3-3 through a socket, and the outer side of the shell 5 3-3 is fixedly connected to the shell 3 2-1-5 and the shell 4 2-2-5 by bolts respectively.

[0024] The laser combining device 3 has the function of adjusting the propagation direction of the light path and combining two light beams into one beam, and can automatically fine-tune the laser emission direction according to the laser incident position.

[0025] See also Fig. 9 The laser focusing device 4 includes a convex lens 4-1, a clamp plate 4-2, a push rod 4-3, a turntable 4-4, a shell 7-5 and a light sensor 4-6, wherein the convex lens 4-1 is fixedly connected to the four clamp plates 4-2 respectively, and the four light sensors 4-6 are fixedly connected to the convex lens 4-1 through mortise and tenon structures respectively. The four turntables 4-4 and the clamp plates 4-2 are connected together through four push rods 4-3 respectively, and the position of the clamp plates 4-2 is adjusted by moving the push rods 4. The turntable 4-4 is connected to the shell 7-5 through a bearing for rotational motion, and the shell 7-5 is connected to the shell 6 2-3-5 through bolts.

[0026] See also Fig.10 The nozzle device 5 includes a nozzle connector 5-1, a nozzle 5-2 and an air pipe 5-3, wherein the nozzle 5-2 is connected to the nozzle connector 5-1 through a thread, the air pipe 5-3 is fixed to the nozzle 5-2, and the nozzle connector 5-1 is connected to the bottom of the shell 7 4-5 through bolts.

[0027] The nozzle device 5 has the function of spraying protective gas to the surface of the molten pool and accurately conveying the welding wire to the laser action area, thereby achieving the effects of protecting the molten pool, reducing pores, and cleaning the cladding surface.

[0028] See also Fig.11 The wire feeding device 6 passes through the laser converging device 3, the laser light combining device 2-3, and the laser focusing device 4 and is connected to the nozzle device 5 for feeding out the wire.

[0029] The wire feeding device (6) has the function of feeding the welding wire to the nozzle for welding.

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 15 , a laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Connect the laser output connection system 1 to two external laser devices respectively, connect the shielding gas to the gas pipe 5-3, and connect the wire feeding device 6 to the wire feeder; Step 2: Move the nozzle device 5 to the preset working position, and the laser output connection system 1 starts to emit continuous laser and pulse laser. The pulse laser emitted by the laser optical fiber 1-1-1 is shaped into a ring laser by the laser shaper 1-1-2 and then incident backwards. The continuous laser emitted by the laser optical fiber 2 1-2-1 is shaped into a ring laser by the laser shaper 2 1-2-2 and then incident backwards. Step 3: The two ring lasers are respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the laser splitting device 2-1 and the laser splitting device 2-2 in the splitting and combining system 2 and respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the splitting and refraction mirrors; Fig.13 As shown, the beam splitter refracting mirror uses the principle that light will be refracted when propagating in different media to split into two semicircular ring light spots; Among them, the optical path of the incoming ring laser is automatically adjusted through the light splitting and combining system 2, and the adjustment methods of the laser splitting device 2-1 and the laser splitting device 2-2 are the same, wherein the specific adjustment method of the laser splitting device 2-1 in the light splitting and combining system 2 is: the X-direction deflection of the beam splitting refractor 2-1-1 is controlled by two oppositely placed push rods 2-1-3, and the Y-direction deflection of the beam splitting refractor 2-1-1 is controlled by another two oppositely placed push rods 2-1-3. During the working process of one group of push rods 2-1-3, a lateral offset force will be caused to the other group of push rods 2-1-3. After being subjected to the offset force, the turntable 2-1-4 connected to the push rods 2-1-3 will rotate accordingly. This rotation is not powered by other machinery, but is driven by the force generated by the push rods 2-1-3. There is a column of light every 90° on the beam splitting refractor 2-1-1. Sensor 2-1-6, the optical sensor is used to judge the distance from the laser to the refractor. The ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1-1-2 will pass through the optical sensor of the beam splitter refractor 2-1-1. If the optical path is transmitted along the center, it will be incident on the notch position on the optical sensor, which means that the laser has not been offset. If the sensor detects the generation of the laser, it means that the laser has been offset. After the sensor recognizes the laser signal, it generates a signal according to the distance from the sensor to the center of the beam splitter refractor. The information is transmitted to the push rod 2-1-3 through the circuit, and the push rod 2-1-3 is driven to change the angle of the beam splitter refractor 2-1-1, so that the laser light path is transmitted along the center. The sensor has a partial notch. When the laser propagates along the correct optical path, the laser hits the sensor notch, which can prevent the sensor from absorbing the laser and weakening the light intensity. That is, the transmission path of the laser is adjusted through feedback, and automatic adjustment is achieved; Step 4: The lasers emitted by the laser output connection system 1-1 and the laser output connection system 2 1-2 are combined into one beam through the laser combining device 3. The pulsed laser emitted from the laser output connection system 1-1 is completely refracted downward through the right-angle reflector 3-1 of the laser combining device 3. The beam combiner 3-2 allows the Gaussian light reflected from the right-angle reflector 3-1 to be completely transmitted to the device below. The continuous laser emitted from the laser output connection system 2 1-2 can be completely refracted downward through the beam combiner 3-2. The two laser beams overlap and propagate backward in the beam combiner 3-2, so that the subsequent convex lens 4-1 has the same focus when focusing, thereby realizing the use of continuous laser or pulsed laser or the superposition of the two, which is used in situations where the material is difficult to process. Step 5: The laser beam transmitted from the laser combining device 3 passes through the laser combining device 2-3 and the light combining refractor 2-3-1 combines the two semicircular ring laser beams into one ring laser beam. The two semicircular ring beams will have two focal points when passing through the convex lens 4-1. The merging of the semicircular ring beams into one ring beam will cause the focal points to overlap. Fig.14 , Step 6: The laser beam transmitted from the laser light combining device 2-3 is focused by the convex lens 4-1 in the laser focusing device 4, and the energy originally distributed on the ring will converge to the central area, so that the energy density at the focus is greatly increased, and the central intensity is enhanced; Step 7: The wire feeding device 6 feeds the wire, and the wire feeding device 6 is coaxial with the laser to the nozzle 5-2. To ensure that the wire feeding device 6 reaches the nozzle 5-2 without obstacles, a hole is opened between the right-angle reflector 3-1 and the beam combiner 3-2 to allow the wire feeding tube to pass through. To ensure that the ring laser will not be refracted or projected through the wire feeding tube by the right-angle reflector 3-1 and the beam combiner 3-2, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1-1-2 and the laser shaper 2 1-2-2 passes through the laser light splitting and combining system 2. -1-1 and the beam splitter and refractor 2-1-1. Due to the thickness, the laser emission is horizontally offset in two directions, so that the annular laser gap after segmentation can pass through the wire feeding tube, and the laser will not contact the wire feeding tube until the laser passes through the light combining refractor 2-3-1 in the laser light combining device in the laser beam splitter and light combining system 2. Due to the thickness, the two semicircular lasers are horizontally offset into a circular laser through the light combining refractor 2-3-1, realizing the function of allowing the wire feeding tube to pass the laser and achieving the function of coaxial wire feeding. Step 8: The gas pipe 5-2 starts to supply gas for laser cladding; Step 9: After the cladding experiment is completed, turn off the laser cladding equipment and clean the test bench.

[0031] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: Working principle of beam splitter refractometer: Fig.13 , using a beam splitter refracting prism, when light is incident obliquely from one transparent medium to another transparent medium, the propagation direction generally changes. According to the refraction phenomenon of light, the laser entering the beam splitter prism is refracted, and after exiting the beam splitter prism, it is refracted again to make the laser's incoming direction the same as the outgoing direction, without changing the light's propagation angle. Fig.14 .

[0032] Working principle of automatic adjustment of optical path: see Fig.15 When the laser propagates along the correct optical path, the laser will pass through the gap on the sensor and no circuit signal will be generated. When the laser deviates, it will hit the sensor above the gap. The sensor can determine the distance between the position where the laser hits the sensor and the refractor. When the laser hits the laser, the sensor generates electricity that is transmitted to the push rod through the circuit, causing the push rod to deviate and push the refractor to move in the opposite direction. When the laser passes through the gap again, the sensor stops transmitting signals, the refractor returns to the calibrated initial position, and the laser does not deviate.

[0033] Working principle of beam combiner: see Fig.12, the laser that enters the beam combiner from above can be fully transmitted, and the laser that enters the beam combiner from the horizontal direction can be fully reflected. The two beams of light can overlap and propagate downward after passing through the beam combiner.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device, characterized in that: It includes a laser output connection system, a laser light splitting and combining system, a laser merging device, a laser focusing device, a nozzle device and a wire feeding device, wherein the laser output connection system is connected to the laser light splitting and combining system through bolts, the laser light splitting and combining system is connected to the side of the laser merging device through bolts, the bottom of the laser merging device is also connected to the laser light splitting and combining system through bolts, the bottom of the laser light splitting and combining system is connected to the laser focusing device through bolts, the bottom of the laser focusing device is connected to the nozzle device through bolts, and the wire feeding device runs through the laser merging device, the laser light splitting and combining system, the laser focusing device and the nozzle device.

2. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser output connection system comprises a laser output device 1 and a laser output device 2, wherein the laser output device 1 comprises a laser optical fiber 1, a laser shaper 1 and a housing 1, the laser optical fiber 1 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 1, and the laser optical fiber 1 is fixedly connected to the housing 1 by bolts; the laser output device 2 comprises a laser optical fiber 2, a laser shaper 2 and a housing 2; the laser optical fiber 2 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 2, and the laser optical fiber 2 is fixedly connected to the housing 2 by bolts.

3. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser light splitting and combining system comprises a laser light splitting device 1, a laser light splitting device 2 and a laser light combining device, wherein the laser light splitting device 1 comprises a light splitting refractor 1, a clamping plate 1, a push rod 1, a turntable 1, a shell 3 and a light sensor 1, wherein the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to four clamping plates 1 respectively, the light sensor 1 is fixed to the light splitting refractor 1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 1 and the clamping plates 1 are connected together through four push rods 1 respectively, the position of the clamping plates 1 is adjusted by moving the push rod 1, the turntable 1 is connected to the shell 3 through a bearing for rotation, The housing 3 is connected to the housing 1 by bolts; the laser spectrometer device 2 comprises a spectroscopic refractor 2, a clamping plate 2, a push rod 2, a turntable 2, a housing 4 and a light sensor 2, wherein the spectroscopic refractor 2 is respectively fixedly connected to four clamping plates 2, the light sensor 2 is fixed to the spectroscopic refractor 2 by a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 2 and the clamping plates 2 are respectively connected together by four push rods 2, the position of the clamping plates 2 is adjusted by moving the push rods 2, the turntable 2 is connected to the housing 4 by a bearing, and performs a rotational motion, and the housing 4 is connected to the housing 2 by bolts; The laser light combining device includes a light combining refractor, a clamp plate three, a push rod three, a turntable three, a shell six and a light sensor three, wherein the light combining refractor is fixedly connected to four clamp plates three respectively, the light sensor three is fixed to the light combining refractor through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables three and the clamp plates three are respectively connected together through four push rods three, the position of the clamp plates three is adjusted by moving the push rod three, the turntable three is connected to the shell six through a bearing for rotational motion, and the shell six is ​​connected to the shell five through bolts.

4. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser converging device comprises a right-angle reflector, a beam combiner and a shell five, wherein the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner are fixed in the shell five through a holder, and the outer side of the shell five is fixedly connected to the shell three and the shell four respectively through bolts.

5. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser focusing device includes a convex lens, four clamping plates, four push rods, four turntables, seven shells and four optical sensors, wherein the convex lens is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates respectively, four optical sensors are fixedly connected to the convex lens through mortise and tenon structures respectively, four turntables and four clamping plates are connected together through four push rods respectively, the position of the clamping plates four is adjusted by moving the push rods four, the turntable four is connected to the shell seven through a bearing for rotational motion, and the shell seven is connected to the shell six through bolts.

6. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle device comprises a nozzle connector, a nozzle and an air supply pipe, wherein the nozzle is connected to the nozzle connector via a thread, the air supply pipe is fixed to the nozzle, and the nozzle connector is connected to the lower side of the housing seven via bolts.

7. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding device passes through the laser converging device, the laser light combining device and the laser light focusing device and is connected to the nozzle device for feeding out the wire material.

8. A method using the laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Connect the laser output connection system to the two external laser devices respectively, connect the shielding gas to the gas pipe, and connect the wire feeding device to the wire feeder; Step 2: Move the nozzle device to the preset working position, and the laser output connection system starts to emit continuous laser and pulse laser. The pulse laser emitted by laser fiber 1 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 1 and then incident backwards. The continuous laser emitted by laser fiber 2 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 2 and then incident backwards. Step 3: The two ring lasers are respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the laser splitting device 1 and the laser splitting device 1 in the light splitting and combining system and respectively by the beam splitting refractor; Step 4: The lasers emitted by the laser output connection system 1 and the laser output connection system 2 are merged into one beam through the laser merging device. The pulsed laser emitted from the laser output connection system 1 is completely refracted downward by the right-angle reflector of the laser merging device. The beam combiner allows the Gaussian light reflected from the right-angle reflector to be completely transmitted to the device below. The continuous laser emitted from the laser output connection system 2 is completely refracted downward by the beam combiner. The two laser beams overlap and propagate backward in the beam combiner, so that the subsequent convex lens has the same focus when focusing, realizing the use of continuous laser or pulsed laser or the superposition of the two, which is used in situations where the material is difficult to process; Step 5: The laser transmitted from the laser converging device passes through the laser light combining device and the light combining refractor combines the two semicircular ring lasers into one ring laser. The two semicircular ring lights will have two focal points when passing through the convex lens. The semicircular rings will be combined into one ring light so that the focal points will overlap. Step 6: The laser transmitted from the laser light combining device is focused by the convex lens in the laser focusing device. The energy originally distributed on the ring will converge to the central area, which greatly increases the energy density at the focus and enhances the central intensity. Step 7: The wire feeding device feeds the wire. The wire feeding device is coaxial with the laser to the nozzle. To ensure that the wire feeding device can reach the nozzle without obstacles, a hole is opened between the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner to allow the wire feeding tube to pass through. Step 8: The gas pipe starts to supply gas for laser cladding; Step 9: After the cladding experiment is completed, turn off the laser cladding equipment and clean the test bench.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that In the third step, the optical path of the incoming ring laser is automatically adjusted through the light splitting and combining system. The adjustment methods of the laser splitting device 1 and the laser splitting device 2 are the same, wherein the specific adjustment method of the laser splitting device 1 in the light splitting and combining system is: the X-direction deflection of the beam splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by two oppositely placed push rods 1, and the Y-direction deflection of the beam splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by another two oppositely placed push rods 1. During the operation of one group of push rods 1, a lateral offset force will be generated in the other group of push rods 1. After receiving the offset force, a turntable 1 connected to the push rods 1 will rotate accordingly. This rotation is not powered by other machinery, but is driven by the force generated by the push rods 1. There is a row of light sensors 1 every 90° on the beam splitting and refractor, and the light sensors are used to judge the laser The distance from the light to the refractor, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 will pass through the optical sensor of the beam splitter refractor 1. If the light path is transmitted along the center, it will be incident on the notch position on the optical sensor, which means that the laser has not been offset. If the sensor detects the generation of the laser, it means that the laser has been offset. After the sensor recognizes the laser signal, it generates a signal based on the distance from the sensor to the center of the beam splitter refractor, and transmits the information to the push rod 1 through the circuit, driving the push rod 1 to change the angle of the beam splitter refractor 1, so that the laser light path is transmitted along the center. The sensor has a partial notch. When the laser propagates along the correct light path, the laser hits the notch of the sensor, which can prevent the sensor from absorbing the laser and weakening the light intensity. That is, the transmission path of the laser is adjusted through feedback, and automatic adjustment is achieved.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that In the seventh step, in order to ensure that the ring laser will not be refracted or projected through the wire feeding tube by the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 and the laser shaper 2 passes through the beam splitter refracting mirror 1 and the beam splitter refracting mirror 2 in the laser splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the laser emission is horizontally offset in two directions, so that the gap of the divided ring laser can pass through the wire feeding tube, and the laser will not contact the wire feeding tube until the laser passes through the beam combining refracting mirror in the laser beam combining device in the laser splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the two semicircular lasers are horizontally offset into a circular laser through the beam combining refracting mirror, thereby realizing the function of allowing the wire feeding tube to pass the laser and achieving the function of coaxial wire feeding.

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