Rock washout test device and method based on Bernoulli's law and considering dynamic water pressure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly provides a Bernoulli's law-based rock washout test device and method considering dynamic water pressure, the device comprises a washout bin mechanism, the washout bin mechanism comprises a shell, one end of the shell is provided with a transition shell, and a plurality of extending holes are annularly distributed in the side wall of the shell; comprising a plurality of drawing mechanisms, each drawing mechanism comprises a drawing rod, one end of each drawing rod is connected with a test piece clamp, the other end of each drawing rod is provided with an operating rod, the operating rods are perpendicular to the drawing rods, external threads are arranged at the ends of the operating rods, nuts matched with the external threads are arranged on the operating rods, and limiting pieces are arranged on the operating rods; comprising a drawing adjusting mechanism, the drawing adjusting mechanism comprises a circular ring, a plurality of arc-shaped holes corresponding to drawing rods are formed in the circular ring, and operating rods penetrate into the arc-shaped holes and then are limited through nuts and limiting pieces; the water supply mechanism supplies water to the flushing bin mechanism. The device and the method can simply and conveniently simulate the condition that the water flow scours the rock joint surface, and are easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and particularly relates to a rock erosion test device and method based on Bernoulli's law and considering hydrodynamic pressure. Background Technique

[0002] The rise and fall of the water level in large reservoirs will cause the rock mass in the shore slope drawdown zone to undergo the action of dry-wet cycles. Research shows that the physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil masses will deteriorate accordingly. In addition, the combined action of the erosion of the water flow on the rock surface and fractures and the hydrodynamic pressure at different water depths on the shore slope will also lead to the accelerated deterioration of the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass in the shore slope drawdown zone. Therefore, using Bernoulli's law in fluid mechanics to quantitatively simulate the erosion flow velocity and hydrodynamic pressure, and then affecting the mechanical properties of rocks and even structural planes, has important guiding significance for mastering the long-term stability of rock slopes, and can make up for the deficiencies of existing rock erosion test devices and optimize test methods. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rock erosion test device and method based on Bernoulli's law and considering hydrodynamic pressure, which can simply and conveniently simulate the condition of water flow eroding the rock joint surface and is easy to operate.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a rock erosion test device based on Bernoulli's law and considering hydrodynamic pressure, including an erosion chamber mechanism. The erosion chamber mechanism includes two groups of outer shells. One end of the outer shell is provided with a transition shell. A number of insertion holes are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the outer shell. The ends of the two groups of outer shells away from the transition shell are connected by a connection mechanism; Including a number of pulling mechanisms. The pulling mechanism includes a pulling rod. One end of the pulling rod inserted into the insertion hole is connected to a specimen clamp, and the other end is provided with an operating rod. The operating rod is perpendicular to the pulling rod. The end of the operating rod is provided with an external thread, and a nut matching the external thread is provided on the operating rod. A limiting piece is provided on the operating rod; Including a pulling adjustment mechanism. The pulling adjustment mechanism includes a ring. A number of arc-shaped holes are provided on the ring corresponding to the pulling rods. After the operating rod passes through the arc-shaped holes, it is limited by the nut and the limiting piece; The water supply mechanism supplies water to the erosion chamber mechanism. The water supply mechanism includes a pipeline. The pipeline is sequentially connected to the water outlet of the water tank, the water pump, the erosion chamber mechanism, and the water inlet of the water tank to form a circulating water path. The end of the transition shell of the erosion chamber mechanism is connected to the pipeline through a flange.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, two sets of flexible adjustment mechanisms are provided inside the flushing bin mechanism. The flexible adjustment mechanism includes an annular sealing ring, a conical sealing ring, and an end sealing ring. The end of the annular sealing ring is connected to the large-diameter end of the conical sealing ring, the small-diameter end of the conical sealing ring is connected to the end sealing ring, the end sealing ring is arranged between the flanges, and through holes corresponding to the pulling mechanism are provided on the annular sealing ring; A clamping mechanism is provided at the end of the pulling rod of the pulling mechanism. The clamping mechanism includes an external arc-shaped plate and an internal arc-shaped plate. The external arc-shaped plate and the internal arc-shaped plate are connected through a connecting part. The connecting part passes through the through hole on the annular sealing ring. The specimen clamp is connected to the internal arc-shaped plate, and the pulling rod is connected to the external arc-shaped plate.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, an adjustment connecting piece is provided between two adjacent sets of pulling mechanisms. The adjustment connecting piece includes a sliding seat. A through sliding cavity is provided inside the sliding seat. Two sliding plates are provided inside the sliding seat. One end of the sliding plate is hinged to the external arc-shaped plate, and the other end is arranged inside the sliding seat.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, a connecting screw is provided on the outside of the specimen clamp. The connecting screw is threadedly connected to the internal arc-shaped plate.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a limiting rod is provided on the outside of the sliding seat. The limiting rod is inserted into the insertion hole.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, an operating handle is provided on the outside of the ring.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting mechanism includes a clamping outer edge provided at the end of the housing. The clamping outer edge is connected through a clamp.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a debris collection mechanism is further included. The debris collection mechanism includes a collection box. The collection box is provided with an inlet and an outlet. A filter screen is provided at the outlet. The inlet of the collection box is connected to the flushing bin mechanism through a pipeline, and the outlet of the collection box is connected to the water tank through a pipeline.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a pressure measuring pipe and an exhaust pipe are provided on the pipeline. Two sets of pressure measuring pipes are provided, which are respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the flushing bin mechanism. The exhaust pipe is arranged at the water outlet of the flushing bin mechanism.

[0013] The present invention also provides a rock flushing test method based on Bernoulli's law and considering dynamic water pressure. The above test device is used for the test, including the following steps: S1. First, connect the water supply mechanism, the flushing bin mechanism, and the debris collection mechanism in sequence.

[0014] S2. Place the specimen: First, the clamp needs to be opened. After opening the specimen clamp, place it manually. After the placement is completed, close the two sets of housings.

[0015] S3. Open the valve upstream of the water pump. After starting the water pump to let water flow through, wait for the flushing chamber mechanism to discharge gas through the exhaust pipe. After the flushing chamber mechanism is filled with water, then open the valve downstream of the flushing chamber mechanism to conduct the flushing test.

[0016] The rock flushing test device and method based on Bernoulli's law and considering hydrodynamic pressure provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adjusts the diameter of the flushing test area in a physical and mechanical manner to achieve the purpose of controlling the water flow, with a simple structure and convenient operation.

[0017] 2. The present invention is based on Bernoulli's energy equation and the continuity equation . By introducing a water flow with a stable flow rate, and measuring the pressures at the inlet section and outlet section of the main body of the flushing area with piezometers, the pressure and flow velocity received by the test piece are calculated.

[0018] 3. The present invention controls the flow velocity and pressure of the water flow through a mechanical device, reducing the simulation cost.

[0019] 4. The present invention can place multiple test pieces at one time, reducing errors. And multiple test pieces can jointly adjust the received pressure and flow velocity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the sectional view of the main body of the flushing area of the present invention; Figure 3 is the outer shell diagram of the flushing chamber mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the rubber ring of the present invention; Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the pulling mechanism and the adjusting connecting piece of the present invention; Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the pulling and adjusting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the debris collection mechanism of the present invention; In the figure: flushing chamber mechanism 100, outer shell 110, insertion hole 111, transition shell 120, outer shell 110, insertion hole 111, connecting mechanism 130, outer edge of the bayonet 131, clamp 132; Pulling mechanism 200, pulling rod 210, operating rod 220, limiting piece 221, nut 222, clamping mechanism 230, external arc plate 231, internal arc plate 232, connecting part 233; Test piece clamp 300, connecting screw 310; Drawing adjustment mechanism 400, ring 410, arc-shaped hole 411, operating handle 412; Water supply mechanism 500, pipeline 510, piezometric tube 511, exhaust pipe 512, water tank 520, water pump 530, valve 540; Flange 600; Adjusting connection member 700, sliding seat 710, sliding plate 720; limiting rod 730; Flexible adjustment mechanism 800, annular sealing ring 810, through hole 811, tapered sealing ring 820, end sealing ring 830; Debris collection mechanism 900, collection box 910, filter screen 920. Specific implementation mode

[0021] Example 1: As Figures 1 - 7 shown, a rock scouring test device based on Bernoulli's law and considering dynamic water pressure includes a scouring chamber mechanism 100. The scouring chamber mechanism 100 includes two groups of outer shells 110. One end of the outer shell 110 is provided with a transition shell 120, and the transition shell 120 is a conical structure. A number of insertion holes 111 are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the outer shell 110, and the insertion holes 111 are through holes. One ends of the two groups of outer shells 110 away from the transition shell 120 are connected by a connection mechanism 130.

[0022] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, the connection mechanism 130 includes a bayonet outer edge 131 provided at the end of the outer shell 110, and the bayonet outer edge 131 is connected by a clamp 132.

[0023] During specific use, flange connection can also be used for substitution.

[0024] As Figure 2 shown, a number of drawing mechanisms 200 are arranged around the outer shell 110. The drawing mechanism 200 includes a drawing rod 210. One end of the drawing rod 210 inserted into the insertion hole 111 is connected to a specimen clamp 300. The specimen clamp 300 is arranged inside the outer shell 110. The other end of the drawing rod 210 is provided with an operating rod 220. The operating rod 220 is arranged perpendicular to the drawing rod 210. The end of the operating rod 220 is provided with an external thread. A nut 222 matching the external thread is arranged on the operating rod 220. A limiting piece 221 is arranged on the operating rod 220. The nut 222 and the limiting piece 221 are used for limiting the drawing adjustment mechanism 400.

[0025] As Figure 6As shown, the pulling adjustment mechanism 400 includes a circular ring 410, which is mounted on the outside of the outer shell 110. A plurality of arc holes 411 are arranged on the circular ring 410 corresponding to the operating rod 220. The arc holes 411 are distributed along the center of the circular ring 410. The head and tail of the arc holes 411 are respectively close to the outer circle and the inner circle of the circular ring 410. After the operating rod 220 passes through the arc hole 411, it is limited by the nut 222 and the limiting plate 221.

[0026] When in use, due to the limitation of the pulling rod 210 by the insertion hole 111, the pulling rod 210 can only move along the insertion hole 111. The ring 410 is rotated to move the operating rod 220 relative to the arc hole 411, so that the pulling rod 210 moves in and out of the insertion hole 111 to adjust the position of the specimen clamp 300.

[0027] The water supply mechanism 500 supplies water to the flushing chamber mechanism 100, and the water supply mechanism 500 includes a pipe 510, which is connected to the water outlet of the water tank 520, the water pump 530, the flushing chamber mechanism 100 and the water inlet of the water tank 520 in sequence to form a circulating water circuit. The end of the transition shell 120 of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 is connected to the pipe 510 through a flange 600.

[0028] Valves 540 are provided upstream of the water pump 530 and downstream of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 to control the water inlet and outlet of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 .

[0029] The pipeline 510 is provided with a pressure measuring tube 511 and an exhaust pipe 512 . Two groups of pressure measuring tubes 511 are provided, which are respectively provided at the water inlet and the water outlet of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 . The exhaust pipe 512 is provided at the water outlet of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 .

[0030] By providing two groups of pressure measuring tubes 511, it is convenient to measure the pressure of the inlet section and the outlet section of the scouring area body, and calculate the pressure and flow rate to which the test piece is subjected.

[0031] To ensure that the experimental area is filled with water and is not affected by bubbles during the flushing process, before the flushing experiment begins, the exhaust pipe 512 is opened and the valve 540 downstream of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 is closed to exhaust the gas.

[0032] Preferably, an operating handle 412 is provided on the outer side of the ring 410 to facilitate the rotation operation of the ring 410 .

[0033] By mounting the rock specimen clamp on the specimen clamp 300 , after the flushing chamber mechanism 100 is closed, the water supply mechanism 500 supplies water to the flushing chamber mechanism 100 , and a flushing test is performed on the specimen in the flushing chamber mechanism 100 .

[0034] Embodiment 2: Different from Example 1, Figure 4 and5 As shown, there are two sets of soft adjustment mechanisms 800 provided in the flushing bin mechanism 100, and the soft adjustment mechanisms 800 are correspondingly arranged for the outer shell 110 and the transition shell 120.

[0035] The soft adjustment mechanism 800 includes an annular sealing ring 810, a conical sealing ring 820 and an end sealing ring 830. The soft adjustment mechanism 800 is made of rubber. The end of the annular sealing ring 810 is connected to the large-diameter end of the conical sealing ring 820, and the other end is provided with an outer edge, which is clamped between two sets of outer shells 110. The small-diameter end of the conical sealing ring 820 is connected to the end sealing ring 830, and the end sealing ring 830 is arranged between the flanges 600. A through hole 811 is provided on the annular sealing ring 810 corresponding to the pulling mechanism 200. The diameter of the flushing bin where the specimen is located is adjusted by the provided soft adjustment structure 800.

[0036] A clamping mechanism 230 is provided at the end of the pulling rod 210 of the pulling mechanism 200. The clamping mechanism 230 includes an external arc plate 231 and an internal arc plate 232. The external arc plate 231 and the internal arc plate 232 are connected through a connecting part 233. The connecting part 233 passes through the through hole 811 on the annular sealing ring 810, that is, the annular sealing ring 810 is arranged between the external arc plate 231 and the internal arc plate 232. The specimen clamp 300 is connected to the internal arc plate 232, and the pulling rod 210 is connected to the external arc plate 231.

[0037] During specific use, when the pulling rod 210 moves in and out along the insertion hole 111, the soft adjustment mechanism 800 moves outward or inward synchronously with the clamping mechanism 230, so as to adjust the diameter of the annular sealing ring 810 and adjust the actual diameter of the flushing bin.

[0038] Preferably, as Figure 5 shown, an adjustment connecting piece 700 is provided between two adjacent sets of pulling mechanisms 200. The adjustment connecting piece 700 includes a sliding seat 710. A through sliding cavity is provided in the sliding seat 710. Two sliding plates 720 are provided in the sliding seat 710. One end of the sliding plate 720 is hinged to the external arc plate 231, and the other end is arranged in the sliding seat 710. The sliding plate 720 and the external arc plate 231 form an annular structure. When adjusting the diameter of the annular sealing ring 810, the sliding plate 720 and the external arc plate 231 support the outside of the annular sealing ring 810 to prevent the annular sealing ring 810 from bulging and deforming due to water flow scouring.

[0039] A limiting rod 730 is provided on the outer side of the sliding seat 710, and the limiting rod 730 is inserted into the insertion hole 111. By providing the limiting rod 730, the adjustment connecting member 700 is limited in movement, so that it moves synchronously with the clamping mechanism 230. Since the sliding plate 720 is hinged to the external arc-shaped plate 231, the angle of the sliding plate 720 can be adjusted to enable it to slide smoothly within the sliding seat 710.

[0040] Preferably, a connecting screw 310 is provided on the outer side of the specimen clamp 300, and the connecting screw 310 is threadedly connected to the internal arc-shaped plate 232. By means of the connecting screw 310, the detachable connection of the specimen clamp 300 is realized, facilitating the replacement of the specimen clamp 300.

[0041] In this embodiment, the specimen clamp 300 has a "["-shaped structure, and the rock specimen is clamped between the clamping plates on both sides. The specimen clamp 300 can also be replaced by other commonly used specimen clamps.

[0042] Embodiment 3: Different from the embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 7 shown, it further includes a debris collection mechanism 900. The debris collection mechanism 900 includes a collection box 910. The collection box 910 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and a filter screen 920 is provided at the outlet. The inlet of the collection box 910 is connected to the flushing chamber mechanism 100 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the collection box 910 is connected to the water tank 600 through a pipeline.

[0043] By providing the debris collection mechanism 900, the debris washed down can be collected, preventing the debris from being mixed in the water flow and affecting the flushing test.

[0044] Embodiment 4: The operation process of conducting the rock flushing test of the present invention is as follows: S1. First, connect the water supply mechanism 500, the flushing chamber mechanism 100, and the debris collection mechanism 900 in sequence.

[0045] S2. Place the specimen: First, the clamp 132 needs to be opened, and after opening the specimen clamp 7, place it manually. After the placement is completed, close the two groups of outer shells 110.

[0046] S3. Open the valve upstream of the water pump 530, start the water pump 530 to let water flow through, and wait for the flushing chamber mechanism 100 to discharge gas through the exhaust pipe 512. After the flushing chamber mechanism 100 is filled with water, then open the valve downstream of the flushing chamber mechanism 100 to conduct the flushing test.

[0047] According to Bernoulli's energy equation , and the continuity equation , due to these two principles, by introducing a water flow with a stable flow rate, the pressures at the inlet and outlet sections of the main body of the scouring area are measured using piezometers, and the pressure and flow velocity acting on the test piece are calculated.

[0048] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking into account dynamic water pressure, characterized in that: The flushing chamber mechanism (100) comprises two sets of outer shells (110), one end of the outer shells (110) is provided with a transition shell (120), a plurality of insertion holes (111) are distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the outer shells (110), and the ends of the two sets of outer shells (110) away from the transition shell (120) are connected via a connection mechanism (130); The drawing mechanism (200) comprises a plurality of drawing mechanisms (200), wherein the drawing mechanism (200) comprises a drawing rod (210), wherein one end of the drawing rod (210) is inserted into the hole (111) and connected to the specimen clamp (300), and the other end is provided with an operating rod (220), wherein the operating rod (220) is arranged perpendicular to the drawing rod (210), an end of the operating rod (220) is provided with an external thread, a nut (222) matching the external thread is provided on the operating rod (220), and a limit plate (221) is provided on the operating rod (220); The pull adjustment mechanism (400) comprises a circular ring (410), a plurality of arc-shaped holes (411) are arranged on the circular ring (410) corresponding to the pull rod (210), and the operating rod (220) is limited by a nut (222) and a limiting plate (221) after passing through the arc-shaped hole (411); The water supply mechanism (500) supplies water to the flushing chamber mechanism (100). The water supply mechanism (500) comprises a pipeline (510). The pipeline (510) is sequentially connected to a water outlet of a water tank (520), a water pump (530), the flushing chamber mechanism (100) and a water inlet of the water tank (520) to form a circulating water circuit. The end of the transition shell (120) of the flushing chamber mechanism (100) is connected to the pipeline (510) via a flange (600).

2. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flushing chamber mechanism (100) is provided with two sets of soft adjustment mechanisms (800), the soft adjustment mechanism (800) comprising an annular sealing ring (810), a conical sealing ring (820) and an end sealing ring (830), the end of the annular sealing ring (810) is connected to the large-diameter end of the conical sealing ring (820), the small-diameter end of the conical sealing ring (820) is connected to the end sealing ring (830), the end sealing ring (830) is arranged between the flanges (600), and a through hole (811) is provided on the annular sealing ring (810) corresponding to the drawing mechanism (200); A clamping mechanism (230) is provided at the end of a drawing rod (210) of the drawing mechanism (200). The clamping mechanism (230) comprises an outer arc plate (231) and an inner arc plate (232). The outer arc plate (231) and the inner arc plate (232) are connected via a connecting portion (233). The connecting portion (233) passes through a through hole (811) on the annular sealing ring (810). The specimen clamp (300) is connected to the inner arc plate (232), and the drawing rod (210) is connected to the outer arc plate (231).

3. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 2, characterized in that: An adjustment connection member (700) is provided between the two adjacent groups of pulling mechanisms (200), the adjustment connection member (700) comprising a sliding seat (710), a through sliding cavity being provided in the sliding seat (710), two groups of sliding plates (720) being provided in the sliding seat (710), one end of the sliding plate (720) being hinged to the external arc-shaped plate (231), and the other end being arranged in the sliding seat (710).

4. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting screw (310) is provided on the outside of the specimen clamp (300), and the connecting screw (310) is threadedly connected to the internal arc-shaped plate (232).

5. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting rod (730) is provided on the outer side of the sliding seat (710), and the limiting rod (730) is inserted into the insertion hole (111).

6. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: An operating handle (412) is provided on the outer side of the circular ring (410).

7. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection mechanism (130) comprises a bayonet outer edge (131) arranged at the end of the housing (110), and the bayonet outer edge (131) is connected via a clamp (132).

8. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a debris collection mechanism (900), the debris collection mechanism (900) including a collection box (910), the collection box (910) being provided with an inlet and an outlet, the outlet being provided with a filter screen (920), the inlet of the collection box (910) being connected to the flushing chamber mechanism (100) via a pipeline, and the outlet of the collection box (910) being connected to the water tank (600) via a pipeline.

9. A rock scour test device based on Bernoulli's principle and taking dynamic water pressure into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipeline (510) is provided with a pressure measuring tube (511) and an exhaust pipe (512); two groups of pressure measuring tubes (511) are provided, which are respectively provided at the water inlet and the water outlet of the flushing chamber mechanism (100); and the exhaust pipe (512) is provided at the water outlet of the flushing chamber mechanism (100).

10. A rock scour test method based on Bernoulli's principle and taking into account dynamic water pressure, characterized in that: The test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. First, the water supply mechanism (500), the flushing chamber mechanism (100), and the debris collection mechanism (900) are connected in sequence. S2. Place the test piece: first open the clamp (132), open the test piece clamp (7) and then place the test piece manually. After the placement is completed, close the two sets of housings (110). S3, opening the valve upstream of the water pump (530), starting the water pump (530) to pass water, waiting for the flushing chamber mechanism (100) to exhaust gas through the exhaust pipe (512), and after the flushing chamber mechanism (100) is filled with water, opening the valve downstream of the flushing chamber mechanism (100) to perform a flushing test.

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