Brake friction plate multi-stage switching device

Abstract

The invention provides a brake friction plate multi-stage switching device, and relates to the technical field of brakes. The brake friction plate multi-stage switching device comprises a support, a traction rod, a hydraulic device, a rotating shaft, switching mechanisms and cleaning mechanisms, the traction rod is fixedly connected to the right side of the top end of the support, the hydraulic device is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the traction rod, the rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the support, the switching mechanisms are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the support, and the cleaning mechanisms are arranged on the outer side of the rotating shaft. Through the cleaning mechanism, a cleaning brush can clean a friction plate on a brake shoe under the action of heat generated by friction and airflow, the situation that the braking effect of the friction plate on a rotating shaft is affected by excessive dust and the like on the friction plate is prevented, and the drying speed of water on the surface of the friction plate is increased through ejection of hot airflow in an air ejection pipe; the invention provides a multi-stage switching device for brake friction plates. The multi-stage switching device solves the problem that worn friction plates cannot be replaced in time in long-time automatic work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of brakes, and specifically relates to a multi-stage switching device for brake friction plates. Background Art

[0002] A brake is a device with functions such as decelerating, stopping, or maintaining a stopped state of a moving part, and is a mechanical part that stops or decelerates a moving part in a machine.

[0003] After the brake is used for a long time, the friction plates in it are severely worn, which will affect its braking effect. At the same time, during the long-term automated operation of the machine, it is very difficult for workers to timely control the wear condition of the friction plates and replace the friction plates, resulting in a deterioration of the braking effect of the brake and affecting the normal operation of the machine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-stage switching device for brake friction plates, which solves the problem that worn friction plates cannot be replaced in time during long-term automated operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A multi-stage switching device for brake friction plates includes a bracket, a pulling rod, a hydraulic device, a rotating shaft, a switching mechanism, and a cleaning mechanism. The right side of the top of the bracket is fixedly connected to a pulling rod, the bottom of the pulling rod is fixedly connected to a hydraulic device, a rotating shaft is provided in the middle of the bracket, switching mechanisms are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bracket, and a cleaning mechanism is provided outside the rotating shaft.

[0006] Preferably, the left and right sides and the inner side near the bottom of the top of the cleaning mechanism are fixedly connected, the bottom of the bracket is fixedly connected to a base, the bottom of the cleaning mechanism is fixedly connected to the top of the base, and the left and right sides of the cleaning mechanism are fixedly connected to the switching mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the switching mechanism includes frames fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bracket. The middle of one side of the frame away from the other is fixedly connected to an automatic telescopic rod. The end of the automatic telescopic rod away from the frame is fixedly connected to an elastic connecting member. The other end of the elastic connecting member is fixedly connected to a negative pressure fixing plate. The top and bottom of the negative pressure fixing plate are fixedly connected to exhaust pipes. The other ends of the exhaust pipes are fixedly connected to a second negative pressure fixing plate. A telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the side of the second negative pressure fixing plate close to the frame. Small automatic telescopic rods are evenly fixedly connected to the left side near the rear of the frame. Spare friction plates are provided at the ends of the small automatic telescopic rods away from the frame.

[0008] Preferably, the switching mechanism further includes a brake shoe fixedly connected inside the bracket. A small air supply device is fixedly connected to the left side of the brake shoe. Blocks are fixedly connected to the top and bottom ends of the brake shoe. An induction baffle is fixedly connected to the side of the brake shoe outside the bracket and away from the small automatic telescopic rod. A strip-shaped opening is provided in the middle of the inner side of the brake shoe. An air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of the strip-shaped opening. An electromagnet block is slidably connected to the air inlet pipe. A fixed negative pressure plate is fixedly connected to the end of the electromagnet block away from the small air supply device. A fixed connection is made between the outer side of the end of the fixed negative pressure plate away from the small air supply device and the inner wall of the strip-shaped opening.

[0009] Preferably, a friction plate is provided on the side of the brake shoe away from the small air supply device. The block at the top of the brake shoe on the left side of the bracket can rotate automatically to facilitate the detachment of the friction plate from the brake shoe. The block at the bottom of the brake shoe on the right side of the bracket can rotate automatically. One end of the small air supply device away from the brake shoe is fixedly connected to a one-way air inlet pipe. The other end of the one-way air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the negative pressure fixing plate. The second negative pressure fixing plate, the negative pressure fixing plate, and the exhaust pipe are communicated. A one-way air outlet valve is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe. A small one-way air outlet valve is provided outside the fixed negative pressure plate to facilitate the fixation of the spare friction plate and the emergency braking of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes cleaning rings provided at both ends of the rotating shaft. Sliding pieces are evenly and fixedly connected to the inner side of the cleaning rings. Circular openings are evenly provided on the sliding pieces. Sliding cleaning rods are slidably connected to the circular openings. A limiting spring is fixedly connected between the sliding cleaning rods and the cleaning rings. A cleaning brush is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding cleaning rod outside the cleaning ring. One end of the cleaning ring close to the bracket is fixedly connected to a telescopic bladder. The other end of the telescopic bladder is fixedly connected to a heat-conducting ring. Limiting springs are also evenly and fixedly connected to the inner side of the heat-conducting ring. The other end of the limiting spring is fixedly connected to a heat-conducting rod. The other end of the heat-conducting ring is fixedly connected to a rotating ring. Rotating fan blades are evenly fixedly connected to the rotating ring. The other end of the rotating ring is rotatably connected to a fixed ring. The other end of the fixed ring is fixedly connected to a conduit. The other end of the conduit is fixedly connected to a guide box. Air jet pipes are evenly fixedly connected to the side of the guide box close to the middle of the cleaning ring. A fixing frame is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fixed ring. A rotating air supply ring is rotatably connected to a part of the outer side of the telescopic bladder close to the fixed ring. A second conduit is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating air supply ring.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the guiding box away from the air jet pipe is fixedly connected to the bracket, the other end of the second conduit is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the small air supply device, the telescopic length of the telescopic bladder on the side where the small automatic telescopic rod is located is longer than that of the telescopic bladder on the side away from the small automatic telescopic rod, the sliding cleaning rod and the electromagnet block have opposite magnetic polarities, so that the cleaning brush can clean the friction plates with friction plates of different thicknesses, an automatic valve is provided in the heat conducting ring, a water spraying device can be externally provided on the bracket, the water spraying port faces the direction where the friction plates are located, and the rotating air supply ring is communicated with the telescopic bladder.

[0012] 1. In the present invention, by providing a frame, an automatic telescopic rod, an elastic connecting member, a negative pressure fixing plate, an exhaust pipe, a second negative pressure fixing plate, a telescopic rod, a small automatic telescopic rod, and a spare friction plate in the switching mechanism, when the friction plate on the brake shoe wears to a certain thickness, the rotating shaft can be braked by the spare friction plate, and at the same time, the worn friction plate can be replaced after braking, so that the friction plate can be replaced in time after wear to prevent serious wear of the friction plate from affecting the braking effect.

[0013] 2. In the present invention, by providing a brake shoe, a small air supply device, a stop block, an induction baffle, an air inlet pipe, an electromagnet block, a fixed negative pressure plate, and a one-way air inlet pipe in the switching mechanism, when the friction plate wears to a certain extent, the worn friction plate can be automatically detached under the action of the frictional force generated between the rotation of the rotating shaft and the friction plate, facilitating the subsequent replacement of the friction plate.

[0014] 3. In the present invention, by providing a cleaning ring, a sliding piece, a sliding cleaning rod, a limiting spring, a cleaning brush, a telescopic bladder, a heat conducting ring, a heat conducting rod, a rotating ring, and a rotating fan blade in the cleaning mechanism, under the action of frictional heat generation and air flow, the cleaning brush can clean the friction plates on the brake shoe, preventing excessive dust on the friction plates from affecting the braking effect of the friction plates on the rotating shaft.

[0015] 4. In the present invention, by providing a cleaning ring, a sliding piece, a sliding cleaning rod, a limiting spring, a cleaning brush, a telescopic bladder, a heat conducting ring, a heat conducting rod, a rotating ring, a rotating fan blade, and an air jet pipe in the cleaning mechanism, under the action of magnetic force and air flow, the cleaning brush can closely adhere to the friction plate to clean the friction plate, preventing the thickness of the worn friction plate from changing so that the cleaning brush cannot adhere to the surface of the friction plate to clean the friction plate, and by spraying hot air flow from the air jet pipe, the drying speed of the moisture on the surface of the friction plate is accelerated, preventing excessive wetness on the surface of the friction plate from affecting the braking effect of the friction plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the switching mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the brake shoe structure of the present invention; Figure 4 Side sectional view of the brake shoe of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the rotating fan blade structure of the present invention; Figure 7 of the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at A in; Figure 8 of the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at B in.

[0017] Among them, bracket 1, base 101, pulling rod 2, hydraulic device 3, rotating shaft 4, switching mechanism 5, frame 501, automatic telescopic rod 502, elastic connecting piece 503, negative pressure fixing plate 504, exhaust pipe 505, second negative pressure fixing plate 506, telescopic rod 507, small automatic telescopic rod 508, spare friction plate 509, brake shoe 510, small air supply device 511, stop block 512, induction baffle 513, air inlet pipe 514, electromagnet block 515, fixed negative pressure plate 516, one-way air inlet pipe 517, cleaning mechanism 6, cleaning ring 601, sliding piece 602, sliding cleaning rod 603, limiting spring 604, cleaning brush 605, telescopic capsule body 606, heat conduction ring 607, heat conduction rod 608, rotating ring 609, fixed ring 610, conduit 611, guide box 612, air jet pipe 613, fixing frame 614, rotating air supply ring 615, second conduit 616, rotating fan blade 617. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Such as Figures 1-8As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage switching device for a brake friction plate, including a bracket 1, a pulling rod 2, a hydraulic device 3, a rotating shaft 4, a switching mechanism 5, and a cleaning mechanism 6. The right side of the top of the bracket 1 is fixedly connected to the pulling rod 2. The bottom end of the pulling rod 2 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic device 3. The rotating shaft 4 is provided in the middle of the bracket 1. The switching mechanisms 5 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bracket 1. The cleaning mechanism 6 is provided outside the rotating shaft 4. The left and right sides of the top end of the cleaning mechanism 6 are fixedly connected to the inner side near the bottom end. The bottom end of the bracket 1 is fixedly connected to a base 101. The bottom end of the cleaning mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to the top end of the base 101. The left and right sides of the cleaning mechanism 6 are fixedly connected to the switching mechanism 5.

[0020] The switching mechanism 5 includes frames 501 fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bracket 1. In the middle of the side of the frame 501 away from the middle, an automatic telescopic rod 502 is fixedly connected. The end of the automatic telescopic rod 502 away from the frame 501 is fixedly connected to an elastic connecting member 503. The other end of the elastic connecting member 503 is fixedly connected to a negative pressure fixing plate 504. The top and bottom ends of the negative pressure fixing plate 504 are fixedly connected to exhaust pipes 505. The other ends of the exhaust pipes 505 are fixedly connected to a second negative pressure fixing plate 506. A telescopic rod 507 is fixedly connected to the side of the second negative pressure fixing plate 506 close to the frame 501. Small automatic telescopic rods 508 are evenly and fixedly connected to the inner side of the left side of the frame 501 near the rear side. The end of the small automatic telescopic rod 508 away from the frame 501 is provided with a spare friction plate 509. The switching mechanism 5 further includes a brake shoe 510 fixedly connected inside the bracket 1. A small air supply device 511 is fixedly connected to the left side of the brake shoe 510. Blocks 512 are fixedly connected to the top and bottom ends of the brake shoe 510. An induction baffle 513 is fixedly connected to the side of the brake shoe 510 outside the bracket 1 away from the small automatic telescopic rod 508. A strip-shaped opening is provided in the middle of the inner side of the brake shoe 510. An air inlet pipe 514 is fixedly connected to the middle of the strip-shaped opening. An electromagnet block 515 is slidably connected to the air inlet pipe 514. The end of the electromagnet block 515 away from the small air supply device 511 is fixedly connected to a fixed negative pressure plate 516. The outer side of the end of the fixed negative pressure plate 516 away from the small air supply device 511 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the strip-shaped opening. A friction plate is provided on the side of the brake shoe 510 away from the small air supply device 511. The block 512 at the top of the brake shoe 510 on the left side of the bracket 1 can rotate automatically. The block 512 at the bottom of the brake shoe 510 on the right side of the bracket 1 can rotate automatically. The end of the small air supply device 511 away from the brake shoe 510 is fixedly connected to a one-way air inlet pipe 517. The other end of the one-way air inlet pipe 517 is fixedly connected to the negative pressure fixing plate 504. The second negative pressure fixing plate 506, the negative pressure fixing plate 504, and the exhaust pipes 505 are communicated with each other. A one-way air outlet valve is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe 505. A small one-way air outlet valve is provided outside the fixed negative pressure plate 516.

[0021] The cleaning mechanism 6 includes cleaning rings 601 provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 4. Slide pieces 602 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner sides of the cleaning rings 601. Circular openings are uniformly provided on the slide pieces 602. Slide cleaning rods 603 are slidably connected in the circular openings. A limiting spring 604 is fixedly connected between the slide cleaning rods 603 and the cleaning rings 601. A cleaning brush 605 is fixedly connected to one end of the slide cleaning rod 603 located outside the cleaning ring 601. One end of the cleaning ring 601 close to the bracket 1 is fixedly connected with a telescopic bladder 606. The other end of the telescopic bladder 606 is fixedly connected with a heat-conducting ring 607. Limiting springs 604 are also uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner side of the heat-conducting ring 607. The other ends of the limiting springs 604 are fixedly connected with heat-conducting rods 608. The other end of the heat-conducting ring 607 is fixedly connected with a rotating ring 609. Rotating fan blades 617 are uniformly and fixedly connected in the rotating ring 609. The other end of the rotating ring 609 is rotatably connected with a fixed ring 610. The other end of the fixed ring 610 is fixedly connected with a conduit 611. The other end of the conduit 611 is fixedly connected with a guide box 612. Jet pipes 613 are uniformly and fixedly connected to one side of the guide box 612 close to the middle of the cleaning ring 601. A fixed bracket 614 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fixed ring 610. A rotating air supply ring 615 is rotatably connected to a part of the outer side of the telescopic bladder 606 close to the fixed ring 610. A second conduit 616 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating air supply ring 615. The other end of the guide box 612 away from the jet pipes 613 is fixedly connected to the bracket 1. The other end of the second conduit 616 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the small air supply device 511. The telescopic length of the telescopic bladder 606 on the side where the small automatic telescopic rod 508 is located is longer than the telescopic length of the telescopic bladder 606 on the side away from the small automatic telescopic rod 508. The slide cleaning rod 603 and the electromagnet block 515 have opposite magnetic polarities. An automatic valve is provided in the heat-conducting ring 607. A water spraying device can be externally provided on the bracket 1, and the water spraying port faces the direction of the friction plate. The rotating air supply ring 615 is communicated with the telescopic bladder 606.

[0022] During use, when the rotating shaft 4 is braked by the friction plate provided on the brake shoe 510, the friction between the rotating shaft 4 and the friction plate reduces the thickness of the friction plate to a certain extent. Then, the rotating shaft 4 contacts the induction baffle 513. At this time, the small air supply device 511 is automatically started, and air is injected into the fixed negative pressure plate 516 through the air inlet pipe 514, causing the negative pressure in the fixed negative pressure plate 516 to disappear. At the same time, the stoppers 512 provided at the top and bottom of the brake shoe 510 automatically rotate to cancel the blockage of the friction plate on the brake shoe 510. When the friction plate brakes the rotating shaft 4 through friction, the rotating shaft 4 rotates, and the friction force between the rotating shaft 4 and the friction plate causes the friction plate to fall off from the fixed negative pressure plate 516. At the same time, the automatic telescopic rod 502 is automatically started, and through the elastic connecting member 503 and the negative pressure fixing plate 504, it pushes the small automatic telescopic rod 508 to move towards the side where the rotating shaft 4 is located to brake the rotating shaft 4. Thus, when the friction plate on the brake shoe 510 is relatively thin, the spare friction plate 509 can be automatically switched to brake the rotating shaft 4, preventing the too thin thickness of the friction plate on the brake shoe 510 from affecting the braking effect on the rotating shaft 4. At the same time, when the braking is over, the small air supply device 511 is started to fill the one-way air inlet pipe 517 with air. When the air enters the negative pressure fixing plate 504 and the second negative pressure fixing plate 506 through the one-way air inlet pipe 517, the negative pressure in the negative pressure fixing plate 504 and the second negative pressure fixing plate 506 disappears, canceling the fixation of the spare friction plate 509. At this time, the small automatic telescopic rod 508 is automatically started to push the spare friction plate 509 to move towards the side of the brake shoe 510 away from the small air supply device 511, so that the spare friction plate 509 is attached to the side of the brake shoe 510 away from the small air supply device 511. At this time, the stopper 512 is reset to limit the spare friction plate 509 placed on the brake shoe 510 and fix the spare friction plate 509 under the extrusion of the small automatic telescopic rod 508 and the induction baffle 513. When the rotating shaft 4 is braked again, the spare friction plate 509 is closely attached. When an electric current is passed into the electromagnet block 515, the electromagnet block 515 squeezes the fixed negative pressure plate 516 under the action of the attraction force on the rotating shaft 4, squeezing out the air in the fixed negative pressure plate 516 to form a negative pressure in the fixed negative pressure plate 516 to fix the spare friction plate 509, thus completing the switching of the friction plate. When placing the spare friction plate 509, just press the spare friction plate 509 closely against the negative pressure fixing plate 504 and the second negative pressure fixing plate 506 to squeeze out the air in the second negative pressure fixing plate 506 and the negative pressure fixing plate 504 through the one-way air outlet valve on the exhaust pipe 505, so as to form a negative pressure in the second negative pressure fixing plate 506 and the negative pressure fixing plate 504 to fix the spare friction plate 509.

[0023] The small air supply device 511 starts to inject air into the telescopic bladder 606 through the second conduit 616. The heat generated by the friction between the rotation of the rotating shaft 4 and the heat conducting rod 608 is poured into the telescopic bladder 606 through the heat conducting ring 607 to heat the air in the telescopic bladder 606, increasing the temperature and pressure inside the telescopic bladder 606, causing the telescopic bladder 606 to expand and push the cleaning ring 601 to move towards the middle of the side away from the small air supply device 511 of the brake shoe 510. When the cleaning rings 601 on both sides of the bracket 1 come into contact, the automatic valve in the heat conducting ring 607 opens, allowing the air in the telescopic bladder 606 to be ejected. The air ejected from the telescopic bladder 606 passes through the automatic valve and impacts the rotating fan blades 617 in the rotating ring 609, causing the rotating fan blades 617 to drive the cleaning ring 601 to rotate. The rotation of the cleaning ring 601 drives the cleaning brush 605 to rotate. During the rotation of the cleaning brush 605, as the air in the telescopic bladder 606 is discharged and the telescopic bladder 606 resets, it moves to clean the friction plate on the brake shoe 510. At the same time, under the action of the intake pipe 514, the limiting spring 604 can push the sliding cleaning rod 603 to make the cleaning brush 605 closely adhere to the surface of the friction plate to clean the surface of the friction plate, preventing the friction plate from becoming thinner due to friction and affecting the contact between the cleaning brush 605 and the friction plate. At the same time, the airflow ejected from the telescopic bladder 606 finally enters the guide box 612 through the conduit 611 and is ejected through the air jet pipe 613 to blow the surface of the friction plate, accelerating the drying speed of the moisture on the surface of the friction plate through the hot air flow, preventing the friction plate from being overly wet and affecting the braking effect on the friction plate. When it is not necessary to clean the friction plate, an electric current is passed through the limiting spring 604 provided on the heat conducting rod 608, causing the coils of the limiting spring 604 to contract under the mutual attraction of the electric currents, moving the heat conducting rod 608 away from the rotating shaft 4, canceling the heating of the air in the telescopic bladder 606, and preventing the telescopic bladder 606 from expanding due to heat when it is not necessary to clean the friction plate, causing the cleaning ring 601 to be placed between the brackets 1 and affecting the braking effect on the rotating shaft 4.

Claims

1. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device, comprising a bracket (1), a pull rod (2), a hydraulic device (3), a rotating shaft (4), a switching mechanism (5), and a cleaning mechanism (6), characterized in that: The right side of the top end of the bracket (1) is fixedly connected to a pulling rod (2), the bottom end of the pulling rod (2) is fixedly connected to a hydraulic device (3), a rotating shaft (4) is provided in the middle of the bracket (1), a switching mechanism (5) is fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bracket (1), and a cleaning mechanism (6) is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft (4).

2. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right sides of the top of the cleaning mechanism (6) are fixedly connected to the inner side near the bottom, the bottom of the bracket (1) is fixedly connected to the base (101), the bottom of the cleaning mechanism (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (101), and the left and right sides of the cleaning mechanism (6) are fixedly connected to the switching mechanism (5).

3. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (5) comprises a frame (501) fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bracket (1); an automatic telescopic rod (502) is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the frame (501) away from the frame; an end of the automatic telescopic rod (502) away from the frame (501) is fixedly connected to an elastic connecting piece (503); the other end of the elastic connecting piece (503) is fixedly connected to a negative pressure fixing plate (504); the top and bottom ends of the negative pressure fixing plate (504) are fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe (505); the other end of the exhaust pipe (505) is fixedly connected to a second negative pressure fixing plate (506); a telescopic rod (507) is fixedly connected to the side of the second negative pressure fixing plate (506) close to the frame (501); a small automatic telescopic rod (508) is evenly fixedly connected to the left side of the frame (501) close to the rear; a spare friction plate (509) is provided at the end of the small automatic telescopic rod (508) away from the frame (501).

4. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (5) further comprises a brake shoe (510) fixedly connected to the bracket (1), the left side of the brake shoe (510) being fixedly connected to a small air supply device (511), the top and bottom ends of the brake shoe (510) being fixedly connected to a stopper (512), the brake shoe (510) being located outside the bracket (1) and being fixedly connected to a sensing baffle (513) on a side away from the small automatic telescopic rod (508), a strip opening being provided in the middle of the inner side of the brake shoe (510), an air intake pipe (514) being fixedly connected to the middle of the strip opening, an electromagnet block (515) being slidably connected to the air intake pipe (514), an end of the electromagnet block (515) away from the small air supply device (511) being fixedly connected to a fixed negative pressure plate (516), and an outer side of an end of the fixed negative pressure plate (516) away from the small air supply device (511) being fixedly connected to an inner wall of the strip opening.

5. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A friction plate is provided on the side of the brake shoe (510) away from the small air supply device (511); a stopper (512) at the top end of the brake shoe (510) on the left side of the bracket (1) can rotate automatically; a stopper (512) at the bottom end of the brake shoe (510) on the right side of the bracket (1) can rotate automatically; one end of the small air supply device (511) away from the brake shoe (510) is fixedly connected to a one-way air intake pipe (517); the other end of the one-way air intake pipe (517) is fixedly connected to the negative pressure fixed disk (504); the second negative pressure fixed disk (506) is connected to the negative pressure fixed disk (504) and the exhaust pipe (505); a one-way air outlet valve is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe (505); and a small one-way air outlet valve is provided on the outside of the fixed negative pressure disk (516).

6. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (6) comprises a cleaning ring (601) arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft (4); a sliding sheet (602) is evenly fixedly connected to the inner side of the cleaning ring (601); a circular opening is evenly arranged on the sliding sheet (602); a sliding cleaning rod (603) is slidably connected in the circular opening; a limit spring (604) is fixedly connected between the sliding cleaning rod (603) and the cleaning ring (601); a cleaning brush (605) is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding cleaning rod (603) disposed on the outer side of the cleaning ring (601); a telescopic capsule (606) is fixedly connected to one end of the cleaning ring (601) close to the bracket (1); a heat conducting ring (607) is fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic capsule (606); a limit spring (604) is evenly fixedly connected to the inner side of the heat conducting ring (607); the limit spring (604) The other end is fixedly connected to a heat conducting rod (608); the other end of the heat conducting ring (607) is fixedly connected to a rotating ring (609); a rotating fan blade (617) is evenly fixedly connected inside the rotating ring (609); the other end of the rotating ring (609) is rotatably connected to a fixed ring (610); the other end of the fixed ring (610) is fixedly connected to a guide tube (611); the other end of the guide tube (611) is fixedly connected to a guide box (612); an injection tube (613) is evenly fixedly connected to one side of the guide box (612) close to the middle of the cleaning ring (601); a fixing frame (614) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fixed ring (610); a rotating air supply ring (615) is rotatably connected to a portion of the outer side of the telescopic bag (606) close to the fixed ring (610); and a second guide tube (616) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating air supply ring (615).

7. A brake friction plate multi-stage switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the guide box (612) away from the jet pipe (613) is fixedly connected to the bracket (1), and the other end of the second guide tube (616) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the small air supply device (511). The telescopic length of the telescopic capsule (606) located on the side where the small automatic telescopic rod (508) is located is longer than the telescopic length of the telescopic capsule (606) on the side away from the small automatic telescopic rod (508). The sliding cleaning rod (603) and the electromagnet block (515) have opposite magnetic properties. An automatic valve is provided in the heat conductive ring (607). A water spray device can be externally provided on the bracket (1), and the water spray port faces the direction where the friction plate is located. The rotating air supply ring (615) is connected to the telescopic capsule (606).

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