Double-coated chemical toughened glass, double-coating method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a double-coating chemical toughened glass and a double-coating method and application thereof. The double-coating chemical toughened glass comprises a UV curing surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer and a chemical toughened glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is arranged between the UV curing surface layer and the chemical toughened glass substrate. The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer and the UV curing surface layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the chemical toughened glass substrate, so that the light transmittance of the glass is improved while the strength of the glass is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tempered glass processing technology, and relates to a double-coated chemical tempered glass, specifically a double-coated chemical tempered glass and its double-coating method and application. Background Technology

[0002] As an important inorganic non-metallic material, glass plays an indispensable role in all sectors of modern society. From building doors and windows, curtain walls, to electronic product displays, and solar photovoltaic modules, glass applications are ubiquitous. With continuous technological advancements and rising demands for quality of life, the requirements for glass performance are becoming increasingly diverse and stringent.

[0003] Among the many properties of glass, light transmittance and strength are two key indicators. The light transmittance of photovoltaic glass directly affects the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cells. Meanwhile, the strength of glass is crucial for ensuring its safety and reliability in various application scenarios. Tempered glass, due to its high strength and good impact resistance, is widely used in industries such as construction and automobiles.

[0004] However, existing tempered glass still faces some unresolved issues regarding light transmittance and overall performance. Traditional tempering processes often encounter numerous challenges in achieving sufficient light transmittance. For example, laminated tempered glass inevitably suffers from reduced light transmittance due to the interlayer structure. While single-layer tempered glass can ensure light transmittance to some extent, its impact resistance is insufficient, and its lifespan is limited.

[0005] Currently, some studies have improved light transmittance through coating technology. For example, CN 222226203U discloses a method for coating tempered glass, which specifically discloses that a silicon nitride coating layer, a nickel-chromium alloy coating layer, a silver coating layer, and a PET polyester film are sequentially deposited from the inside to the outside on at least one outer surface of a glass substrate, and then the coated glass substrate is tempered. This method reduces reflectivity and enhances wear resistance by using multi-layer coating, but its process is complex and lacks compatibility with chemical tempering.

[0006] In conclusion, developing a chemically tempered glass that possesses both high light transmittance and excellent strength and comprehensive performance is of significant practical importance and meets urgent market demand. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a double-coated chemically tempered glass, its double-coating method, and its application. The present invention achieves both increased glass strength and improved light transmittance by sequentially depositing an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer and a UV-cured toplayer on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0008] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, the double-coated chemically tempered glass comprising: a UV-cured surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate;

[0010] The organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-cured surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0011] It is worth noting that the chemically tempered glass substrate described in this invention is prepared using a conventional ion exchange method, and the specific chemical tempering steps are not specifically limited here; the principle of its chemical tempering is that K element replaces Na element, specifically: KNO3 + Na2SiO3 = NaNO3 + K2SiO3.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 50 to 300 nm, for example, it can be 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm or 300 nm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the UV-cured surface layer is 120-180 nm, for example, it can be 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm or 180 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0014] In this invention, the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is 50-300 nm. If the thickness is too thick, it has the following disadvantages: (1) Increased internal stress. Excessive thickness will lead to the accumulation of stress due to the curing shrinkage of the coating, which may cause cracks or peeling from the substrate; (2) Decreased adhesion. Increased thickness may weaken the interfacial bonding force with the glass substrate, especially under low temperature process, the stress release is insufficient; (3) Deterioration of optical performance. If the underlayer has a refractive index regulation function (such as anti-reflection), excessive thickness may destroy the optical interference effect, resulting in decreased light transmittance or color shift; (4) Reduced flexibility. The toughness of the organic-inorganic hybrid layer is weakened due to the increase in thickness, which in turn affects the impact resistance. If the thickness is too thin, it has the following disadvantages: (1) Insufficient coverage. It cannot completely fill the micro-defects on the surface of the substrate, reducing the protection of the substrate (such as corrosion resistance); (2) Stress buffer failure. Thin layers are difficult to buffer external mechanical stress, making the surface layer susceptible to damage (such as scratches or peeling).

[0015] The thickness of the UV-cured surface layer is 120-180 nm. If the thickness is too thick, the surface layer has the following disadvantages: (1) Incomplete curing: UV light penetration depth is limited. If it is too thick, the bottom layer will not be completely cured, and the surface hardness and wear resistance will decrease; (2) Internal stress concentration: Curing shrinkage stress increases with the increase of thickness, which in turn causes the surface layer to crack or separate from the bottom layer; (3) Abnormal optical interference: Deviation of surface layer thickness will change the optical path difference, resulting in increased reflectivity or weakened hydrophobic effect; (4) Decreased flexibility: The brittle surface layer that is too thick is easy to break under bending or impact. Conversely, if the thickness is too thin, it has the following disadvantages: (1) Insufficient protection: It cannot effectively resist external wear, chemical corrosion or ultraviolet aging, shortening the coating life; (2) Surface roughness exposure: The thin layer may not be able to cover the microscopic unevenness of the bottom layer or substrate, affecting the appearance (such as increased haze); (3) Functional failure: When the surface layer thickness is too thin, the content of functional reagents contained in it is too low, resulting in insufficient distribution, which in turn leads to a decrease in contact angle or an increase in reflectivity.

[0016] In this invention, the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer exhibits excellent chemical stability and good adhesion to the chemically tempered glass substrate; the UV-cured surface layer possesses wear-resistant, scratch-resistant, and anti-reflective properties; this invention achieves improved light transmittance of chemically tempered glass through the stacked arrangement of the UV-cured surface layer and the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, for the following reasons:

[0017] (1) Layered optimization: In this invention, the bottom layer can be specifically used to optimize light of a specific wavelength, while the top layer can reduce reflection or absorption, thereby improving the overall light transmittance; according to the design of different film layer characteristics, a double-layer coating with a bottom layer and a top layer is set to achieve the best light transmittance;

[0018] (2) Reduce reflection: During the preparation process, the raw materials for the double-layer coating contain materials with low reflectivity, which allows more light to enter the chemically tempered glass, reduces reflected light, thereby reducing light loss and improving light transmittance;

[0019] (3) Interference effect: Double-layer coating can utilize the interference effect of light. By reasonably designing the layer thickness and refractive index, light of different wavelengths can produce coherent interference in the film layer, thereby enhancing the light transmittance.

[0020] (4) Improved optical properties: During the preparation process, the raw materials used in the top layer and the bottom layer can combine the advantages of different materials, so as to form a good optical match between the bottom layer and the top layer, thereby improving light transmittance;

[0021] (5) Improve oxidation resistance and wear resistance: Double coating can simultaneously improve the wear resistance and oxidation resistance of glass, reduce surface defects and scratches, thus maintaining higher light transmittance.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a double-coating method for chemically tempered glass as provided in the first aspect, the double-coating method comprising:

[0023] (1) An organic-inorganic hybrid sol is coated on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate, and then gelation, drying and curing are performed in sequence to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer.

[0024] (2) The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer obtained in step (1) is coated with a nano-dispersion liquid, and then infrared drying and UV curing are performed in sequence to obtain a UV-cured surface layer.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol in step (1) by mass fraction include: 45-75 wt% organic modified silica sol, 20-50 wt% composite modifier, 0.5-2 wt% acidic catalyst, 0.1-1 wt% leveling agent, 1-5 wt% plasticizer, and 10-30 wt% organic solvent.

[0026] For example, the content of the organic modified silica sol in the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol is 45-75 wt%, for example, it can be 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, or 75 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0027] The content of the composite modifier is 20-50 wt%, for example, it can be 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, or 50 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0028] The content of the acidic catalyst is 0.5 to 2 wt%, for example, it can be 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.7 wt%, or 2 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0029] The leveling agent content is 0.1 to 1 wt%, for example, it can be 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt%, or 1 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0030] The content of the plasticizer is 1 to 5 wt%, for example, it can be 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt% or 5 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0031] The content of the organic solvent is 10 to 30 wt%, for example, it can be 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt% or 30 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0032] In this invention, the organic-modified silica sol is the main body of the organic-inorganic hybrid film formation, which can provide strong adhesion to the glass substrate and form a porous structure through sol-gel reaction, thereby optimizing optical performance, reducing light scattering, and improving light transmittance. In this invention, the organic-modified silica sol includes any one of MTMS modified sol, methyltrimethoxysilane, or CG-Si series materials.

[0033] Preferably, the composite modifier includes polyurethane and epoxy resin.

[0034] Preferably, the mass ratio of polyurethane to epoxy resin is 1 to 2:1, for example, it can be 1:1, 1.2:1, 1.4:1, 1.6:1, 1.8:1 or 2:1, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0035] In this invention, the composite modifier can improve the flexibility of the film layer, compensate for the brittleness of the pure inorganic coating, and enhance the impact resistance; wherein, the mass ratio of the polyurethane and epoxy resin is 1 to 2:1. When the amount of polyurethane added is too low, it has the following disadvantages: (1) Insufficient flexibility of the bottom layer and increased brittleness: Polyurethane is a key component that provides flexibility. Insufficient content of polyurethane will lead to excessive rigidity of the coating crosslinking network, increased brittleness, and easy cracking when resisting bending or impact; Pure inorganic coating or epoxy resin-dominated system has high brittleness and is prone to microcracks under dynamic load. (1) The coating weakens the overall impact resistance of the glass; (2) The interface bonding is weakened: the thermal expansion coefficient is mismatched. The thermal expansion coefficient of epoxy resin is higher than that of inorganic silica sol. When the polyurethane content is insufficient, the difference in thermal stress between the coating and the glass substrate increases, and interface peeling is likely to occur. It will also lead to insufficient stress buffering. The rigid coating is difficult to absorb external stress, and long-term use is prone to delamination or local peeling; (3) The curing shrinkage rate increases: the volume shrinkage of epoxy resin is large when it is cured. If the polyurethane ratio is low, the shrinkage stress is more obvious, leading to internal defects in the coating (such as micropores and cracks). Increased amounts can affect the underlying function; when the amount of polyurethane added is too high, the following disadvantages will occur: (1) Decreased hardness and wear resistance: The long-chain flexible structure of excessive polyurethane will reduce the crosslinking density of the coating, or may lead to the surface hardness (such as pencil hardness) and wear resistance (such as Taber test) not meeting the standards; or the proportion of long-chain flexible structure of polyurethane is too high, or may lead to a decrease in the coating's resistance to acids, alkalis or solvents (such as resistance to sweat, detergents, etc.); (2) Limited adhesion and temperature resistance: The interfacial bonding between polyurethane and glass substrate (high polarity) depends on epoxy (2) Strong polar groups of resin (such as hydroxyl and epoxy groups), excessive polyurethane may reduce the chemical bonding strength between the coating and the substrate; (3) Poor high temperature stability: the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polyurethane is usually lower than that of epoxy resin, and excessive addition may cause the coating to soften and deform in high temperature environment (such as above 80°C); (4) Uneven dispersion of inorganic phase: risk of phase separation, excessive polyurethane may reduce compatibility with inorganic silica sol, leading to the aggregation of nanoparticles (such as SiO2), destroying the uniformity of organic-inorganic hybrid structure, and affecting light transmittance and mechanical properties.

[0036] Preferably, the acidic catalyst comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Typical but non-limiting combinations include: a combination of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, a combination of hydrochloric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, a combination of phosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, or a combination of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0037] Preferably, the plasticizer includes any one of phthalate plasticizers, citrate plasticizers, or polyester plasticizers.

[0038] Preferably, the organic solvent includes ethanol or isopropanol.

[0039] In this invention, the acidic catalyst is used to accelerate the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of silica sol and regulate the gelation rate; the plasticizer is used to improve the flexibility of the film layer and prevent low-temperature brittleness; the organic solvent is used to adjust the viscosity, promote film uniformity, and form a porous structure after volatilization; the leveling agent is used to reduce surface tension and eliminate orange peel and pinhole defects during the coating process; wherein, the leveling agent includes any one of BYK series leveling agents, Evonik leveling agents, or Dow leveling agents.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol includes: mixing the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol according to the formula amount, and then performing stirring treatment and aging treatment in sequence.

[0041] Preferably, the stirring speed is 300 to 500 rpm, for example, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm, 450 rpm or 500 rpm, but not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable.

[0042] Preferably, the stirring time is 4 to 6 hours, for example, 4 hours, 4.4 hours, 4.8 hours, 5.2 hours, 5.6 hours or 6 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0043] Preferably, the aging treatment temperature is 20-30°C, for example, it can be 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C or 30°C, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0044] Preferably, the ambient humidity of the aging treatment is 40-60%, for example, it can be 40%, 44%, 48%, 52%, 56% or 60%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0045] Preferably, the aging treatment time is 24 to 48 hours, for example, it can be 24 hours, 28 hours, 32 hours, 36 hours, 40 hours, 44 hours or 48 hours, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0046] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the coating in step (1) includes spin coating or dip coating.

[0047] Preferably, the rotation speed in the spin coating is 1000 to 3000 rpm, for example, it can be 1000 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1800 rpm, 2200 rpm, 2600 rpm or 3000 rpm, but is not limited to the listed values, and the values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0048] Preferably, the lifting speed during the dip coating is 10 to 50 mm / min, for example, it can be 10 mm / min, 20 mm / min, 30 mm / min, 40 mm / min or 50 mm / min, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable.

[0049] Preferably, the coating thickness in step (1) is 80 to 350 μm, for example, it can be 80 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm or 350 μm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0050] Preferably, the gelation treatment in step (1) includes a standing treatment.

[0051] Preferably, the temperature for the settling process is 20 to 30°C, such as 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, or 30°C, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0052] Preferably, the settling time is 30 to 60 minutes, for example, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes or 60 minutes, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0053] Preferably, the ambient humidity for the static treatment is 50-70%, such as 50%, 54%, 58%, 60%, 66%, or 70%, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0054] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (1) is 80 to 100°C, for example, 80°C, 84°C, 88°C, 92°C, 96°C or 100°C, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0055] Preferably, the drying time in step (1) is 10 to 30 minutes, for example, it can be 10 minutes, 14 minutes, 18 minutes, 22 minutes, 26 minutes or 30 minutes, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0056] Preferably, the curing temperature in step (1) is 150 to 200°C, for example, it can be 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C or 200°C, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0057] Preferably, the curing time in step (1) is 1 to 2 hours, for example, 1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.4 hours, 1.6 hours, 1.8 hours or 2 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0058] In the preparation process of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol of the present invention, the stirring device is a constant temperature magnetic stirrer; the spin coating device is a spin coater; the dip coating device is a dip coating lifter; and the drying and curing devices are ovens.

[0059] In this invention, solvent is removed through a drying process. More specifically, after coating, residual solvent in the coating needs to be removed to ensure the dryness of the film layer and avoid affecting its physical and chemical properties. If the drying temperature is too high, the solvent will evaporate too quickly, resulting in unevenness and other defects in the formed film layer, leading to coating defects such as cracks or peeling. If the temperature is too low, the solvent may not be completely removed, resulting in residual solvent inside the film layer, affecting the film's mechanical properties and stability.

[0060] Furthermore, the curing process promotes the cross-linking reaction of the reagents in the organic-inorganic hybrid sol, which helps to form a stable network structure and improves the mechanical strength and durability of the membrane. However, if the curing temperature is too high, the organic components (such as polyurethane) will be over-crosslinked, which will affect their compatibility with the organic modified silica sol, leading to nanoparticle aggregation and affecting the uniformity of the membrane. Conversely, if the curing temperature is too low, the cross-linking reaction will be inhibited, resulting in insufficient membrane strength and easy cracking or peeling.

[0061] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion in step (2) by mass fraction include: 70-85 wt% of curing resin, 5-10 wt% of SiO2 nanoparticles, 3-5 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles, 1-3 wt% of antireflective agent, 0.5-2 wt% of hydrophobic agent and 0.5-1.5 wt% of dispersant.

[0062] For example, the content of the curing resin in the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion is 70-85 wt%, such as 70 wt%, 73 wt%, 76 wt%, 79 wt%, 82 wt%, or 85 wt%, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0063] The content of the SiO2 nanoparticles is 5 to 10 wt%, for example, it can be 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt% or 10 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0064] The content of the Al2O3 nanoparticles is 3 to 5 wt%, for example, it can be 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, or 5 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable.

[0065] The content of the antireflective agent is 1 to 3 wt%, for example, it can be 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, or 3 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0066] The content of the hydrophobic agent is 0.5 to 2 wt%, for example, it can be 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% or 2 wt%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0067] The content of the dispersant is 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, for example, it can be 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.3 wt%, or 1.5 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0068] Preferably, the cured resin includes polyurethane acrylate or low-temperature epoxy resin.

[0069] Preferably, the average particle size of the SiO2 nanoparticles is 10-50 nm, for example, it can be 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm or 50 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0070] Preferably, the average particle size of the Al2O3 nanoparticles is 30-50 nm, for example, it can be 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm or 50 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0071] Preferably, the antireflective agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium fluoride, silica sol, or titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Typical but non-limiting combinations include: a combination of magnesium fluoride and silica sol, a combination of magnesium fluoride and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a combination of silica sol and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, or a combination of magnesium fluoride, silica sol, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

[0072] Preferably, the hydrophobic agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of perfluoroalkylsilane, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, or octadecyltrimethoxysilane. Typical but non-limiting combinations include: a combination of perfluoroalkylsilane and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, a combination of perfluoroalkylsilane and octadecyltrimethoxysilane, a combination of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane and octadecyltrimethoxysilane, or a combination of perfluoroalkylsilane, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and octadecyltrimethoxysilane.

[0073] In this invention, the SiO2 nanoparticles in the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion can be used to improve the hardness of the film, reduce scratches, and also regulate the refractive index to achieve the anti-reflective function of the film; the Al2O3 nanoparticles are used to further improve the wear resistance and high temperature resistance of the film; in addition, the total addition amount of the SiO2 nanoparticles and Al2O3 nanoparticles should not exceed 15wt% to avoid dispersion difficulties; the anti-reflective agent is used to reduce reflectivity; the hydrophobic agent is used to reduce surface energy to achieve waterproofing and stain resistance; the leveling agent is used to reduce surface tension and eliminate orange peel and pinhole defects during the coating process; wherein, the leveling agent includes any one of the BYK series leveling agents, Evonik leveling agents, or Dow leveling agents.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the nano-dispersion includes: mixing the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion according to the formula amount, and then performing shear dispersion treatment and ultrasonic treatment in sequence.

[0075] Preferably, the dispersion speed of the shear dispersion treatment is 2000 to 5000 rpm, for example, it can be 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm or 5000 rpm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable.

[0076] Preferably, the shearing and dispersion treatment time is 30 to 60 minutes, for example, it can be 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes or 60 minutes, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0077] Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 300 to 500W, for example, it can be 300W, 350W, 400W, 450W or 500W, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable.

[0078] Preferably, the ultrasonic treatment time is 10 to 20 minutes, for example, 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 15 minutes, 18 minutes or 20 minutes, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0079] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the coating in step (2) includes spraying or slot coating. When the uniformity of the film layer is required to be high, slot coating is preferred.

[0080] Preferably, the spray gun pressure during spraying is 0.2 to 0.5 MPa, for example, it can be 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa or 0.5 MPa, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0081] Preferably, the coating speed in the slot coating is 5 to 20 m / min, for example, it can be 5 m / min, 8 m / min, 11 m / min, 14 m / min, 17 m / min or 20 m / min, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable.

[0082] Preferably, the coating thickness in step (2) is 150 to 200 nm, for example, it can be 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm or 200 nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0083] Preferably, the temperature of the infrared drying process in step (2) is 60 to 80°C, for example, it can be 60°C, 64°C, 68°C, 72°C, 76°C or 80°C, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0084] Preferably, the infrared wavelength in the infrared drying process in step (2) is 2.5 to 5 μm, for example, it can be 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm or 5 μm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0085] Preferably, the infrared drying time in step (2) is 2 to 5 minutes, for example, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes or 5 minutes, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0086] The infrared drying process described in step (2) of this invention uses an infrared tunnel oven. Compared to oven drying, the advantages of infrared drying for surface treatment are: infrared drying can rapidly heat the coating, improving drying efficiency and reducing drying time; furthermore, infrared radiation can achieve uniform heating, ensuring consistent temperature distribution on the coating surface and inside, thus helping to reduce potential defects during drying, such as cracks or uneven drying; in addition, infrared drying equipment generally has a good temperature control system, which can accurately adjust the temperature according to the coating requirements, avoiding damage to the film structure or phase separation caused by excessively high temperatures. Compared to traditional hot air drying, infrared drying typically consumes less energy; and the infrared drying process is relatively clean, not involving direct contact with moisture or contaminants in the air, thus maintaining the cleanliness of the film and ensuring product quality. In summary, infrared drying can achieve gradual heating, which helps reduce internal stress in the film during the drying process, reduces the risk of film cracking, and enhances the overall performance of the film.

[0087] Preferably, the ultraviolet wavelength in the UV curing process in step (2) is 360-370nm, for example, it can be 360nm, 362nm, 364nm, 366nm, 368nm or 370nm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0088] Preferably, the UV curing intensity in step (2) is 1000–3000 mW / cm. 2 For example, it could be 1000mW / cm 2 1500mW / cm 2 2000mW / cm 2 2500mW / cm 2 Or 3000mW / cm 2 This applies to, but is not limited to, the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0089] Preferably, the exposure time of the UV curing treatment in step (2) is 10 to 60 seconds, for example, it can be 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds or 60 seconds, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0090] Preferably, the energy density of the UV curing treatment in step (2) is 3–6 J / cm². 2 For example, it could be 3J / cm 2 4J / cm 2 5J / cm 2 Or 6J / cm 2 This applies to, but is not limited to, the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0091] The device used for UV curing in step (2) of this invention is a mercury lamp or an LED-UV curing machine. Compared with oven curing, the advantages of UV curing in this invention are: (1) UV curing can achieve rapid curing and low-temperature curing, and the coating obtained by UV curing has good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and chemical stability; (2) UV curing has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, energy-saving, high-yield and large-scale adjustment.

[0092] Furthermore, insufficient UV curing strength can lead to reduced coating strength, toughness, and chemical resistance; incompletely cured coatings may release unreacted monomers or components; inadequate curing can result in poor adhesion between the coating and the substrate, increasing the risk of peeling and detachment; and insufficiently cured coatings may have weaker resistance to UV radiation, moisture, and other environmental factors. Conversely, excessive strength can lead to over-curing, causing the coating to become brittle and reducing its toughness; over-curing may also introduce excessive internal stress, resulting in uneven interfacial stress between the coating and the substrate, thereby triggering cracking or peeling.

[0093] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of double-coated chemically tempered glass as provided in the first aspect, wherein the double-coated chemically tempered glass is used to manufacture photovoltaic modules.

[0094] The double-coated chemically tempered glass provided in the first aspect of the present invention is applicable to any photovoltaic module that requires the use of tempered glass; preferably, the photovoltaic module includes a first photovoltaic module and a second photovoltaic module.

[0095] Preferably, the first photovoltaic module comprises double-coated chemically tempered glass, a first encapsulant film, a solar cell, a second encapsulant film, and a backsheet stacked sequentially.

[0096] Preferably, the second photovoltaic module comprises double-coated chemically tempered glass, a first encapsulant film, a solar cell, a second encapsulant film, and double-coated chemically tempered glass stacked sequentially.

[0097] Preferably, the thickness of the double-coated chemically tempered glass in the photovoltaic module is 2 to 5 mm, for example, it can be 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm or 5 mm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​within the range that are not listed are also applicable.

[0098] The numerical range described in this invention includes not only the point values ​​listed above, but also any point values ​​within the numerical ranges not listed above. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, this invention will not exhaustively list all the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0099] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0100] (1) The double-coated chemical tempered glass provided by the present invention achieves improved light transmittance while meeting the requirements of high strength;

[0101] (2) Photovoltaic modules containing double-coated chemically tempered glass provided by the present invention can further improve hail resistance;

[0102] (3) The double-coated chemical tempered glass provided by the present invention has excellent wear resistance, high temperature resistance and waterproof and stain-proof capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0103] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-coated chemically tempered glass provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0104] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first photovoltaic module provided by the present invention;

[0105] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second photovoltaic module provided by the present invention;

[0106] Among them, 1 is a chemically tempered glass substrate, 2 is an organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer, 3 is a UV-cured top layer, 4 is a double-coated chemically tempered glass, 5 is the first adhesive film, 6 is the battery cell, 7 is the second adhesive film, and 8 is the back sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0107] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

[0108] The manufacturers of some of the reagents used in the following examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0109] Table 1

[0110]

[0111] Example 1

[0112] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the double-coated chemically tempered glass includes: a UV-cured surface layer 3, an organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2, and a chemically tempered glass substrate 1;

[0113] The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2 is disposed between the UV-cured surface layer 1 and the chemically tempered glass substrate 1.

[0114] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0115] In this embodiment, the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass includes the following steps:

[0116] (1) An organic-inorganic hybrid sol was coated on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate. After standing for 45 minutes at 25°C and 65% humidity, it was dried at 90°C for 20 minutes and then cured at 175°C for 1.5 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer.

[0117] The raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol, by mass fraction, include: 60 wt% organic modified silica sol (MTMS modified silica sol), 20 wt% composite modifier, 1.5 wt% acidic catalyst (hydrochloric acid), 0.5 wt% leveling agent (BYK series), 3 wt% plasticizer (phthalate ester), and 15 wt% organic solvent (ethanol); the composite modifier includes polyurethane and epoxy resin in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.

[0118] The preparation method of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol according to the formula amount, stirring at 400 rpm for 5 hours, and aging at 25°C and 50% humidity for 36 hours.

[0119] The coating includes spin coating; the spin coating speed is 2000 rpm; the coating thickness is 100 μm;

[0120] (2) The organic-inorganic hybrid substrate obtained in step (1) is coated with a nano-dispersion, and then subjected to infrared drying at 70°C for 3.5 min. Finally, it is subjected to ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 3000 mW / cm². 2 Energy density is 5 J / cm³ 2 Under these conditions, UV curing treatment was performed and exposed for 25 seconds;

[0121] The raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion, by mass fraction, include: 84 wt% of curing resin (polyurethane acrylate), 8 wt% of SiO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 30 nm, 4 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 40 nm, 2.5 wt% of antireflective agent (magnesium fluoride), 1 wt% of hydrophobic agent (perfluoroalkyl silane), and 0.5 wt% of dispersant (BYK-111).

[0122] The preparation method of the nano-dispersion includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the nano-dispersion according to the formula amount, performing shear dispersion treatment at a dispersion speed of 3500 rpm for 55 min, and then performing ultrasonic treatment at a power of 400 W for 15 min.

[0123] The coating includes slot coating; the coating speed in the slot coating is 10 m / min; the coating thickness is 150 nm.

[0124] Example 2

[0125] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-cured surface layer 3, an organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2, and a chemically tempered glass substrate 1;

[0126] The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2 is disposed between the UV-cured surface layer 1 and the chemically tempered glass substrate 1.

[0127] The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2 has a thickness of 300 nm; the UV-cured top layer 3 has a thickness of 150 nm.

[0128] In this embodiment, the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass includes the following steps:

[0129] (1) An organic-inorganic hybrid sol was coated on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate. After standing for 60 minutes at 20°C and 50% humidity, it was dried at 80°C for 30 minutes and then cured at 150°C for 2 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer.

[0130] The raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol, by mass fraction, include: 45 wt% organic modified silica sol (methyltrimethoxysilane), 30 wt% composite modifier, 0.5 wt% acidic catalyst (p-toluenesulfonic acid), 0.1 wt% leveling agent (BKY-111), 1 wt% citrate ester plasticizer, and 23.4 wt% organic solvent (isopropanol); the composite modifier comprises polyurethane and epoxy resin in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0131] The preparation method of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol according to the formula amount, stirring at 300 rpm for 6 hours, and aging at 20°C and 40% humidity for 48 hours.

[0132] The coating includes dip coating; the lifting speed in the dip coating is 30 mm / min; the coating thickness is 300 μm;

[0133] (2) The organic-inorganic hybrid substrate obtained in step (1) is coated with a nano-dispersion, and then subjected to infrared drying at 60°C for 5 min. Finally, it is subjected to ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 360 nm and an intensity of 2000 mW / cm². 2 Energy density is 4.5 J / cm³2 Under these conditions, UV curing was performed and exposed for 40 seconds;

[0134] The raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion, by mass fraction, include: 82 wt% of curing resin (low-temperature epoxy resin), 10 wt% of SiO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 10 nm, 3 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 30 nm, 2.2 wt% of antireflective agent (silica sol), 1.0 wt% of hydrophobic agent (tridecylfluorooctyltriethoxysilane), and 0.8 wt% of dispersant.

[0135] The preparation method of the nano-dispersion includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the nano-dispersion according to the formula amount, performing shear dispersion treatment at a dispersion speed of 2000 rpm for 60 min, and then performing ultrasonic treatment at a power of 300 W for 20 min.

[0136] The coating includes spraying; the spray gun pressure in the spraying is 0.35 MPa; the coating thickness is 200 nm.

[0137] Example 3

[0138] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-cured surface layer 3, an organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2, and a chemically tempered glass substrate 1;

[0139] The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer 2 is disposed between the UV-cured surface layer 1 and the chemically tempered glass substrate 1.

[0140] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 180 nm.

[0141] In this embodiment, the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass includes the following steps:

[0142] (1) An organic-inorganic hybrid sol was coated on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate. After standing for 30 minutes at 30°C and 70% humidity, it was dried at 100°C for 10 minutes and then cured at 200°C for 1 hour to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer.

[0143] The raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol, by mass fraction, include: 59.7 wt% organic modified silica sol (CG-Si series), 25 wt% composite modifier, 1.2 wt% acidic catalyst (phosphoric acid), 0.4 wt% leveling agent, 3.7 wt% plasticizer, and 10 wt% organic solvent; the composite modifier includes polyurethane and epoxy resin in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0144] The preparation method of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol according to the formula amount, stirring at 500 rpm for 4 hours, and aging at 30°C and 60% humidity for 24 hours.

[0145] The coating includes spin coating; the spin coating speed is 1800 rpm; the coating thickness is 80 μm;

[0146] (2) The organic-inorganic hybrid substrate obtained in step (1) is coated with a nano-dispersion, and then subjected to infrared drying at 80°C for 2 min. Finally, it is subjected to ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 370 nm and an intensity of 1000 mW / cm². 2 Energy density is 6 J / cm³ 2 Under these conditions, UV curing treatment was performed and exposed for 60 seconds;

[0147] The raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion, by mass fraction, include: 82.7 wt% of curing resin, 6.8 wt% of SiO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 50 nm, 5 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 40 nm, 1 wt% of antireflective agent, 3 wt% of hydrophobic agent, and 1.5 wt% of dispersant.

[0148] The preparation method of the nano-dispersion includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the nano-dispersion according to the formula amount, performing shear dispersion treatment at a dispersion speed of 5000 rpm for 30 min, and then performing ultrasonic treatment at a power of 500W for 10 min.

[0149] The coating includes slot coating; the coating speed in the slot coating is 15 m / min; the coating thickness is 180 nm.

[0150] Example 4

[0151] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0152] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 32 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0153] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0154] In this embodiment, the coating thickness described in step (1) is adjusted to 40 μm.

[0155] Example 5

[0156] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0157] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0158] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0159] In this embodiment, the organic modified silica sol in the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol in step (1) is adjusted to an equal mass fraction of silica sol.

[0160] Example 6

[0161] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0162] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0163] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0164] In this embodiment, the composite modifier in the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol in step (1) is adjusted to 20 wt% polyurethane, that is, the epoxy resin in the original composite modifier is omitted.

[0165] Example 7

[0166] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0167] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0168] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0169] In this embodiment, the composite modifier in the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid sol in step (1) is adjusted to 20 wt% epoxy resin, that is, the polyurethane in the original composite modifier is omitted.

[0170] Example 8

[0171] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0172] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0173] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0174] In this embodiment, the temperature of the drying process in step (1) is adjusted to 120°C.

[0175] Example 9

[0176] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0177] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0178] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0179] In this embodiment, the curing temperature in step (1) is adjusted to 260°C.

[0180] Example 10

[0181] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0182] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0183] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0184] In this embodiment, the Al2O3 nanoparticles in the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion in step (2) are adjusted to SiO2 nanoparticles with an equal mass fraction.

[0185] Example 11

[0186] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0187] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0188] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0189] In this embodiment, the SiO2 nanoparticles in the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion in step (2) are adjusted to have an equal mass fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles.

[0190] Example 12

[0191] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0192] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0193] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0194] In this embodiment, the SiO2 nanoparticles and Al2O3 nanoparticles in the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion in step (2) are adjusted to nano-titanium dioxide particles with an average particle size of 30 nm and an equal mass fraction.

[0195] Example 13

[0196] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0197] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0198] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0199] In this embodiment, the antireflective agent in the raw materials for preparing the nano-dispersion described in step (2) is adjusted to a composition of magnesium fluoride, silica sol and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0200] Example 14

[0201] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0202] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0203] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0204] In this embodiment, the temperature of the infrared drying process in step (2) is adjusted to 50°C.

[0205] Example 15

[0206] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0207] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0208] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0209] In this embodiment, the temperature of the infrared drying process in step (2) is adjusted to 100°C.

[0210] Example 16

[0211] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0212] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0213] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0214] In this embodiment, the infrared drying process described in step (2) is adjusted to: drying in an oven for 3.5 minutes at a temperature of 70°C.

[0215] Example 17

[0216] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0217] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0218] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0219] In this embodiment, the UV curing in step (2) is adjusted to: curing in an oven for 10 minutes at a curing temperature of 300°C.

[0220] Example 18

[0221] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0222] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0223] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0224] In this embodiment, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light in the UV curing process described in step (2) is adjusted to 200nm.

[0225] Example 19

[0226] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0227] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0228] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0229] In this embodiment, the intensity of the UV curing treatment described in step (2) is adjusted to 500 mW / cm. 2 .

[0230] Example 20

[0231] This embodiment provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which includes: a UV-curable surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-curable surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0232] The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer is 80 nm; the thickness of the UV-cured top layer is 120 nm.

[0233] In this embodiment, the only difference between the double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass and that in Embodiment 1 is:

[0234] In this embodiment, the exposure time of the UV curing process described in step (2) is adjusted to 2 minutes.

[0235] Comparative Example 1

[0236] This comparative example provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0237] In this comparative example, the UV-cured surface layer is disposed between the organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer and the chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0238] The double-coating method for the double-coated chemically tempered glass described in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0239] Comparative Example 2

[0240] This comparative example provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0241] This comparative example omits the UV-cured surface layer.

[0242] Comparative Example 3

[0243] This comparative example provides a double-coated chemically tempered glass, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0244] This comparative example omits the setting of the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer.

[0245] Application examples

[0246] Photovoltaic modules are fabricated using the double-coated chemically tempered glass provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples, wherein the photovoltaic modules include, as shown in the examples above. Figure 2 The first photovoltaic module shown and / or as Figure 3 The second photovoltaic module shown;

[0247] The first photovoltaic module includes a double-coated chemically tempered glass 4 with a thickness of 2mm, a first encapsulant film 5, a solar cell 6, a second encapsulant film 7, and a backsheet 8 stacked sequentially.

[0248] The second photovoltaic module comprises, in sequence, double-coated chemically tempered glass 4 with a thickness of 2mm, a first encapsulant film 5, a solar cell 6, a second encapsulant film 7, and double-coated chemically tempered glass 4 with a thickness of 2mm.

[0249] Performance testing:

[0250] (1) The transmittance, refractive index and adhesion of the double-coated chemical tempered glass provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0251] The adhesion test method refers to GB / T9286-1998 "Cross-cut test of paint and varnish films";

[0252] The method for measuring transmittance refers to ASTM E903-20, "Methods for Determining Solar Absorption, Reflectance and Transmittance of Materials (Integral Method)".

[0253] The method for detecting the refractive index refers to GB-T 7962.1-2010 Test methods for colorless optical glass - Part 1: Refractive index and dispersion coefficient;

[0254] (2) The hail resistance capability of the first and second photovoltaic modules provided in the corresponding use case was tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0255] The test method for hail resistance capability refers to the IEC 61215 standard; wherein the speed of hail is 132m / s, and the higher the diameter of the hailstones, the stronger the hail resistance capability of the photovoltaic module.

[0256] Table 2

[0257]

[0258]

[0259] According to Table 1, the following points can be observed:

[0260] (1) Comprehensive analysis of Examples 1-3 shows that the present invention achieves high strength of tempered glass while improving light transmittance by stacking a UV curing surface layer and an organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer on a chemically tempered glass substrate;

[0261] (2) Comprehensive analysis of Examples 1 and 4 shows that, compared with Example 1, reducing the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid substrate will lead to a decrease in the light transmittance and adhesion of the film layer; and a thinner thickness will also lead to insufficient film coverage and stress buffer failure.

[0262] (3) Comprehensive analysis of Examples 1 and 5-7 shows that the selection of raw materials for the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer will affect the quality of the obtained bottom layer;

[0263] As in Example 5, if the organic sol is replaced with an inorganic sol, the light transmittance will decrease significantly and the adhesion will be reduced. This is because the inorganic solvent lacks the flexibility of the organic phase, which leads to a weakening of the interfacial bonding force and a deterioration of the optical performance.

[0264] As in Examples 6-7, if the composite modifier is adjusted to either polyurethane or epoxy resin, it will lead to a decrease in the light transmittance and film adhesion of the resulting tempered simulated film; more specifically, when polyurethane is used only, the film is not flexible enough and the interfacial bonding force decreases; when epoxy resin is used only, the film is more brittle and thermal stress mismatch occurs.

[0265] (4) Comprehensive analysis of Examples 1 and 8-9 shows that the choice of drying or curing temperature during the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid substrate will affect the curing effect of the substrate.

[0266] More specifically, when the drying temperature is too high, it will lead to a decrease in light transmittance and adhesion, because the high temperature will cause the solvent to evaporate too quickly, resulting in film defects; when the curing temperature is too high, it will lead to a sharp drop in light transmittance and adhesion, because the excessive cross-linking will cause microcracks and peeling.

[0267] (5) Comprehensive analysis of Examples 1 and 10-12 shows that the selection of nanoparticles used in the raw materials for preparing the UV-curable surface layer will affect the refractive index of the surface layer.

[0268] Omitting the use of SiO2 nanoparticles will lead to a decrease in film transmittance and an increase in refractive index, thereby weakening the anti-reflection function; omitting the use of Al2O3 nanoparticles will lead to a decrease in film transmittance and wear resistance.

[0269] When SiO2 nanoparticles and Al2O3 nanoparticles are completely replaced with nano-titanium dioxide particles, the light transmittance and adhesion of the film will decrease. Nano-titanium dioxide particles have a high refractive index, and their presence will disrupt optical matching.

[0270] (6) Comprehensive analysis of Examples 1 and 13 shows that when the antireflective agent in the preparation raw materials of the UV curing surface layer is selected as a combination of magnesium fluoride, silica sol and titanium dioxide particles, the light transmittance of the resulting double-coated chemical tempered glass is better, which further illustrates the synergistic effect of magnesium fluoride, silica sol and titanium dioxide particles, and further optimizes the performance of chemical tempered glass.

[0271] (7) A comprehensive analysis of Examples 1 and 14-20 shows that the selection of drying and curing process conditions during the preparation of the UV-curable surface layer will affect the surface layer quality.

[0272] More specifically, compared to ovens, infrared drying and ultraviolet curing have the advantages of uniform and rapid heating and energy saving.

[0273] (8) Comprehensive analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 shows that the double-coating structure of the double-coated chemical tempered glass described in this invention is a necessary condition to ensure that the tempered glass has better light transmittance. Omitting any one of the coating layers will lead to a decrease in light transmittance. If the coating order of the top layer and the bottom layer is changed, it will lead to a decrease in light transmittance and a decrease in adhesion. The bottom layer cannot effectively buffer stress, and the top layer is in direct contact with the substrate, resulting in performance degradation.

[0274] (9) A comprehensive analysis of the above embodiments and comparative examples shows that the photovoltaic module containing the double-coated chemical tempered glass provided by the present invention has excellent hail resistance.

[0275] Whether it's changing the thickness of the double-layer coating on the surface of chemically tempered glass or changing the raw materials used to prepare the double-layer coating, both will lead to a reduction in its hail resistance.

[0276] In summary, this invention improves the light transmittance of glass while increasing its strength by sequentially depositing an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer and a UV-cured top layer on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate.

[0277] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-coated chemically toughened glass, characterized in that, The double-coated chemically tempered glass includes: a UV-cured surface layer, an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer, and a chemically tempered glass substrate; The organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer is disposed between the UV-cured surface layer and the chemically tempered glass substrate; The raw materials for preparing the UV-curable surface layer include, by mass fraction: 70-85 wt% curing resin, 5-10 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles, 3-5 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles, 1-3 wt% antireflective agent, 0.5-2 wt% hydrophobic agent, and 0.5-1.5 wt% dispersant. The raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer include, by mass fraction: 45-75 wt% organic modified silica sol, 20-50 wt% composite modifier, 0.5-2 wt% acidic catalyst, 0.1-1 wt% leveling agent, 1-5 wt% plasticizer, and 10-30 wt% organic solvent. The organic modified silica sol includes any one of MTMS modified sol or CG-Si series materials; The composite modifier includes polyurethane and epoxy resin; The mass ratio of the polyurethane to the epoxy resin is 1~2:1; The cured resin includes polyurethane acrylate or low-temperature epoxy resin. 2.The double-coated chemically tempered glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid substrate is 50~300nm.

3. The double-coated chemically tempered glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the UV-cured surface layer is 120~180nm.

4. A double-coating method for double-coated chemically tempered glass as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The dual-coating method includes: (1) An organic-inorganic hybrid sol is coated on the surface of a chemically tempered glass substrate, and then gelation, drying and curing are performed in sequence to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid underlayer; (2) The organic-inorganic hybrid bottom layer obtained in step (1) is coated with a nano-dispersion liquid, and then subjected to infrared drying and UV curing treatment in sequence to obtain a UV-cured surface layer.

5. The double plating method according to claim 4, wherein The acidic catalyst includes any one or a combination of at least two of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid.

6. The double plating method according to claim 4, wherein The plasticizer includes any one of phthalate plasticizers, citrate plasticizers, or polyester plasticizers.

7. The double plating method according to claim 4, wherein The organic solvent includes ethanol or isopropanol.

8. The double plating method according to claim 4, wherein The preparation method of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the organic-inorganic hybrid sol according to the formula amount, and then performing stirring treatment and aging treatment in sequence.

9. The double plating method according to claim 8, wherein The stirring speed is 300~500 rpm.

10. The double plating method according to claim 8, wherein The stirring process takes 4 to 6 hours.

11. The dual plating method of claim 8, wherein, The aging process is carried out at a temperature of 20~30℃.

12. The dual plating method of claim 8, wherein, The ambient humidity for the aging treatment is 40-60%.

13. The dual plating method of claim 8, wherein, The aging process takes 24 to 48 hours.

14. The double plating method according to claim 4, wherein The coating in step (1) includes spin coating or dip coating.

15. The bi-coating method of claim 14, wherein, The rotation speed during spin coating is 1000~3000 rpm.

16. The bi-coating method of claim 14, wherein, The lifting speed during the dip coating process is 10~50 mm / min.

17. The dual-coating method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coating thickness in step (1) is 80~350μm.

18. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The gelation process in step (1) includes a settling process.

19. The bi-coating method of claim 18, wherein, The temperature for the static treatment is 20~30℃.

20. The bi-coating method of claim 18, wherein, The settling time is 30-60 minutes.

21. The bi-coating method of claim 18, wherein, The ambient humidity during the static treatment is 50-70%.

22. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The drying temperature in step (1) is 80~100℃.

23. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The drying process in step (1) takes 10 to 30 minutes.

24. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The curing temperature in step (1) is 150~200℃.

25. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The curing process in step (1) takes 1 to 2 hours.

26. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The average particle size of the SiO2 nanoparticles is 10~50nm.

27. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The average particle size of the Al2O3 nanoparticles is 30~50nm.

28. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The antireflective agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium fluoride, silica sol, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

29. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The hydrophobic agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of perfluoroalkylsilane, tridecylfluorooctyltriethoxysilane or octadecyltrimethoxysilane.

30. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The preparation method of the nano-dispersion includes: mixing the raw materials for the preparation of the nano-dispersion according to the formula amount, and then performing shear dispersion treatment and ultrasonic treatment in sequence.

31. The bi-coating method of claim 30, wherein, The dispersion rate of the shear dispersion treatment is 2000~5000 rpm.

32. The dual-coating method according to claim 30, characterized in that, The shearing and dispersion treatment time is 30~60 minutes.

33. The dual-coating method according to claim 30, characterized in that, The power of the ultrasonic treatment is 300~500W.

34. The bi-coating method of claim 30, wherein, The ultrasonic treatment time is 10-20 minutes.

35. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The coating in step (2) includes spraying or slot coating.

36. The bi-coating method of claim 35, wherein, The spray gun pressure during the spraying process is 0.2~0.5MPa.

37. The bi-coating method of claim 35, wherein, The coating speed in the slot coating process is 5~20m / min.

38. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The coating thickness in step (2) is 150~200nm.

39. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The infrared drying process in step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 60~80℃.

40. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The infrared wavelength in the infrared drying process described in step (2) is 2.5~5μm.

41. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The infrared drying process in step (2) takes 2 to 5 minutes.

42. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, In step (2), the UV curing process uses an ultraviolet wavelength of 360~370nm.

43. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The UV curing intensity in step (2) is 1000~3000mW / cm².

44. The bi-coating method of claim 4, wherein, The exposure time for the UV curing process in step (2) is 10~60s.

45. The bi-coating method according to claim 4, wherein, The energy density of the UV curing treatment in step (2) is 3-6 J / cm 2 .

46. Use of the double-coated chemically toughened glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The double-coated chemically tempered glass is used to manufacture photovoltaic modules.

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