Method for testing wear resistance of cutter material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of material performance testing, and discloses a tool material wear resistance testing method which comprises the following steps: step 1, setting a sample piece A and a sample piece B; the sample piece A is made of a cutter material for testing, and a prism is arranged on the sample piece A; the sample piece B is made of a material which is used for being oppositely abraded with a tested cutter material, and a cylindrical area is arranged on the sample piece B; step 2, fixing the sample piece A and the sample piece B on a machine tool with at least one rotary main shaft and two translation shafts, and controlling the machine tool to enable the sample piece A to perform multi-stage movement along a preset track relative to the sample piece B; and step 3, analyzing force data measured by the force measuring equipment and obtaining the wear resistance of the cutter material. The method can be used for solving the technical problems of high test cost, low test result reliability and small test range of the existing wear resistance test method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material property testing, and particularly relates to a method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material. Background Art

[0002] Wear is one of the main forms of material failure, and it is even more common for cutting tools. Therefore, the test of the anti-wear ability of cutting tools has always been one of the essential tests in the cutting tool industry. The so-called anti-wear performance refers to the ability of a cutting tool material to resist wear mainly caused by friction when there is a certain pressure and relative movement between the cutting tool material and other materials. For the test of anti-wear ability, the existing test methods can generally be divided into two types: one is the cutting life test. The essence of this test is to test the life of the cutting tool when the edge wears to a certain extent during actual machining. Of course, even though there are still significant differences between testing the life of the cutting tool and testing its anti-wear ability in terms of purpose, this method has become a commonly used means for many cutting tool manufacturers to indirectly characterize the anti-wear ability of cutting tools because of its simplicity, convenience, and the need not to purchase additional equipment.

[0003] The other is to use a friction and wear tester for testing. A friction and wear tester is a relatively standardized wear test equipment, generally a set of modular equipment with a relatively rich variety of wear types, such as ball-on-disk type, disk-on-disk type, pin-on-disk type, four-ball type, ring-on-block type, etc. Its working principle is relatively simple and can be basically summarized as follows: by applying a certain load and relative movement mode to simulate the friction and wear process under different working conditions, and finally using a microscope or other equipment to observe and calculate the wear amount.

[0004] Analyzing these two existing detection methods, the disadvantage of the first type is that in actual cutting conditions, wear is actually an extremely complex result jointly determined by a large number of non-linear factors. This result is affected by chipping, micro-chipping, the vibration caused by the cutting force and the superimposed vibration caused by insufficient machine tool rigidity, the limited optional cutting parameter range, and the different heat-affected zones, air exchange zones, and cutting force distribution zones where the cutting edge of the cutting tool is located during cutting. Therefore, for the index of anti-wear ability, the characterization ability of this method is relatively limited.

[0005] For the second method, although the parameters measured by the friction and wear testing machine are relatively stable, avoiding many problems caused by the mixing of multiple factors, there are still some obvious disadvantages. For example, the adaptability of the friction and wear test system for testing the anti-wear ability of tools is relatively low. For tool substrate materials or tool coating materials, the common friction and wear test is point-to-plane contact, that is, using silicon carbide balls or stainless steel balls to reciprocally wear on the tool material plate (disk). For a target like a tool with a rich contact surface, the test object is too single, and it cannot represent the anti-wear ability when rubbing against other materials. However, it is unrealistic to make high-precision balls of various steels, aluminum, and titanium alloys for experiments. Secondly, most friction and wear testing machines are expensive, resulting in that various manufacturers generally do not choose to purchase them but hand them over to testing institutions for testing when using them, which in turn generates complex selection problems for the testing demand side. For example, the optional wear types of domestic friction and wear meters owned by many testing institutions are single, few can perform high-temperature wear, and the equipment that can perform fretting wear is even more precise and rare. Although large foreign wear instruments can meet the requirements, the testing costs also increase exponentially. These problems further lengthen the R & D cycle, increase various costs, and greatly reduce the convenience and practicality. In addition, for single-crystal diamond and some R & D products, the sample sizes and structures required for friction and wear testing cannot be made, so testing cannot be carried out, and the applicable range is small.

[0006] In addition, some methods for testing anti-wear ability using force gauges and machine tools proposed in existing patents also have defects: Specifically, first, the uneven contact area and stress distribution caused by surface-to-surface contact affect the accuracy and repeatability of test results. Most existing patents (such as the material friction and wear performance test device and test method disclosed in the patent with publication number CN105352834B) mostly use the form of surface-to-surface contact. In this form, when conducting the anti-wear ability test, since there is no ideal plane in reality, it is very difficult to determine the contact area between the contact surfaces, and it is also difficult to ensure the angle between the contact surfaces. This leads to uneven stress distribution on the contact surface during wear, with the high-stress area wearing first and the low-stress area being difficult to wear. Finally, the measured force will be affected by the double unknowns of area and stress, resulting in ineffective results when analyzing the wear ability. Moreover, when comparing between different material groups, due to errors in surface flatness and parallelism, the contact area and stress magnitude cannot be unified, which will cause the analysis values of wear ability to be unable to be compared horizontally. Even if a certain error is tolerated, when using a sample with a surface flatness reaching the micron level after fine processing for the wear ability test and carefully adjusting the accuracy during sample clamping, problems such as changes in the contact surface morphology and physical properties of the sample surface after each wear test will be introduced, and the sample needs to be reground and reclamped, doubling the workload. The entire test process for sample preparation is complex and the efficiency is low, which is also a problem existing in many non-surface-to-surface contact wear test methods.

[0007] Second, the test time is too long, and the counter-material has a great influence on the test, making it difficult to effectively analyze the wear resistance of the tool material. Since the wear resistance of tool materials is generally extremely strong, the time required to measure effective wear of tool materials in surface-to-surface contact will also be very long. Moreover, in this working condition, it is often the wear rate of the material that rubs against the tool material that has the greatest influence on the force measurement curve. It is also unrealistic to analyze effective data from the force measurement curve obtained from this process.

[0008] Third, the test conditions are not clear, resulting in distorted results and inability to compare horizontally. Most existing patents (such as a method and device for measuring the friction and wear performance of materials disclosed in the patent with publication number CN105136597B) mostly have problems such as unclear conditions, undefined processes, and incomplete disclosure. Since the force measurement data obtained from different paths during contact also contains different information, and different contact morphologies will also lead to different results, if nothing is specified, there are no requirements for accuracy, cooperation, and the treatment method of the contact surface, then all the content described in the first item will cause distorted results, resulting in the measured results being unable to be used for the subsequent anti-wear ability analysis except for simple friction coefficient calculation. Even if a result is hard calculated, it cannot be compared horizontally due to result errors, and it is difficult to generate the value of comparing different materials in anti-wear ability analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to provide a method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material, so as to solve the technical problems of high test cost, low reliability of test results, and small test range in the existing anti-wear performance test methods.

[0010] The basic solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material, comprising the following steps: Step 1, set sample A and sample B; sample A is made of the cutting tool material to be tested, and a prism is provided on sample A, and the prism is jointly composed of two intersecting planes and the convex edge formed by the intersection of the intersecting planes; the convex edge is a straight edge; sample B is made of the material for abrasive wear with the cutting tool material to be tested, and a cylindrical region is provided on sample B, and there is only one cylindrical surface on the cylindrical region, and the cylindricity of the cylindrical surface is less than 1 mm; Step 2, fix sample A and sample B on a machine tool having at least one rotary main shaft and two translational axes, so that the straight edge of sample A is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical surface of sample B, and the two intersecting planes of the prism respectively form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the central axis; drive sample B to rotate around the central axis at a linear velocity of 1 mm / min~ mm / min, and control the machine tool so that sample A moves relative to sample B along a preset trajectory in multiple stages: The first stage, the contact stage; in this stage, there is a section of movement X generated by sample A relative to sample B. At the start of the movement X, the straight edge does not contact the cylindrical surface; taking the distance from the straight edge to the central axis as R1 and the distance from the maximum diameter on the cylindrical surface to the central axis as R2, when the movement X ends, the straight edge contacts the cylindrical surface, and at this time, ; taking the spatial position of the straight edge relative to the cylindrical region at the end of the movement X as the initial contact state; The second stage, the wear stage; in this stage, there is one or more sections of movement Y generated by sample A relative to sample B, and after the movement Y ends, keep the relative positions of sample A and B unchanged and continue for T hours to cause wear between the two samples, ; at the start of the movement Y, the straight edge is in the initial contact state, and at the end of the movement Y, ; in the movement Y, the movement speed of each section is 0.001 mm / min~ mm / min, and each section of movement makes sample A and sample B contact and generate a relative pressure; In this stage, the velocity vector of the movement Y is in the plane R at any time; the plane R is a set of planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation; and a force measuring device is used to record the force data generated in this stage; Step 3, analyze the force data measured by the force measuring device and obtain the anti-wear performance of the tool material.

[0011] Further, when the cylinder of the sample B rotates around the central axis, its cylindricity is less than 0.1 mm.

[0012] Further, the straight edge of the sample A is provided with a fillet or a chamfer; the fillet radius or the chamfer width is less than 0.05 mm and greater than 0.001 m.

[0013] Further, the directions of the motion X and the motion Y are both perpendicular to the straight edge.

[0014] Further, for each movement length s in the motion X and the motion Y, it satisfies: 。

[0015] Further, for each movement length s in the motion X and the motion Y, it satisfies: 。

[0016] Further, the cylindrical region of the sample B is provided with a groove group or a slot.

[0017] Further, the included angle θ1 and the included angle θ2 satisfy: 。

[0018] Further, the included angle θ1 and the included angle θ2 satisfy: 。

[0019] Further, during the motion X, a force measuring device is used for real-time monitoring.

[0020] The working principle and advantages of the present invention are as follows: A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material according to the present invention provides a new test route with low test cost, reliable test results and a wide test application range, and can effectively solve various problems existing in the prior art. The key points are: First, the present invention has high test convenience, short time consumption, low test cost, and reliable test results. The present invention selects a numerically controlled machine tool, which is generally available both in the production and use of tool materials, as the main carrier, facilitating the timely testing and adjustment of tool materials by personnel with testing requirements. In terms of material preparation, the present invention only requires a cylinder and a prism to meet the testing requirements, and the shape is convenient to manufacture. Secondly, compared with the prior art, the present invention has lower precision requirements for the specimen. A general machine tool can be used to complete the processing of the specimen, and each time a cylindrical specimen is processed, only one circular cutting line is generated during each test, with less wear area per single experiment, short time consumption, and the entire cylindrical surface can be reused multiple times to generate multiple wear performance test results. Compared with the existing technology, the complex specimen preparation process, the reprocessing process for each test, and the repeated clamping process are eliminated, thus greatly improving the convenience. In addition, through the constraint of a specific relative motion trajectory during wear, the present invention can provide a more effective and controllable wear path, making the test results stable and reliable.

[0021] Second, the present invention has a wide test application range. The present invention is applicable to almost any tool material, and almost any material can be used as the counter-material for the tool material. In addition, the present invention can control the magnitude of the contact stress during wear by adjusting the feed rate when the prism wears the cylinder, and can also flexibly adjust the temperature of the wear area by adjusting the rotational speed of the cylinder, the cooling conditions, and the contact area, with high test flexibility.

[0022] Third, the present solution has strong test controllability. The test process of the present invention is based on a machine tool. Since a general machine tool can perform axial displacement in units of micrometers, and the displacement direction and displacement length are more variable compared with traditional anti-wear performance test methods (as described in the background art), a large number of wear test trajectories can be reversely customized based on the data obtained by measuring force, so as to obtain the anti-wear ability of the material to be tested.

[0023] In summary, different from the anti-wear ability test characterized by traditional life tests, the present invention can exclude many factors affecting wear results, such as cracks, strength limits, morphology changes, large impact loads, complex vibration superposition, etc., and only retain the working condition of frictional wear of the material under pressure, greatly improving the stability and reliability of the results measured by the single-factor wear test. Secondly, it is also different from the test based on a friction and wear tester, and can provide a reliable test method that is fast, convenient, easy to control by oneself, universal for various tool materials, and extremely low in cost for personnel involved in the production, research and development, and use of tool materials. In addition, since the test method of the present invention conducts wear tests by simulating the edge and contact characteristics during the actual use of the tool itself, and the test environment is inside the machine tool, it is closer to the actual working condition compared with the traditional test method, and the reliability of the test results is also higher.

[0024] In particular, compared with the existing patents described in the background art, although the present invention also applies a force measuring device and a machine tool, the present invention has stronger operability, higher test accuracy and reliability, higher test efficiency and stronger test consistency. And there are no defect problems in the existing patents described in the background art.

[0025] The present invention particularly adopts a line contact form, realizes the innovation of the geometric contact form, and strictly defines the way and path of the line contact (corresponding to the special sample A and sample B, as well as the motions X and Y generated by the relative motion). Combining with the multi-stage relative motion test, it can systematically solve the problems of contact uncertainty, long cycle, incomparable data, etc. in the existing wear tests.

[0026] Specifically, first, the prism convex edge of sample A and the cylindrical surface of sample B form a line contact (instead of the traditional surface contact), and the geometric contact area is simplified to a straight line. By precisely controlling the straightness of the convex edge and the roundness of the cylinder, the certainty of the contact line length s can be ensured (s = the effective contact length of the cylinder). The contact length of the line contact is uniquely determined by the geometric dimensions of the cylinder, avoiding the problem of uncontrollable contact area caused by flatness in surface contact. And under the line contact, the contact stress follows the Hertz contact theory, and the stress distribution is semi-elliptical, avoiding the problem of local high stress concentration in surface contact. In addition, based on the existing Hertz formula, the theoretical contact pressure can be directly calculated, improving the data comparability.

[0027] Second, under the condition of line contact, the contact pressure is relatively large, which can effectively accelerate the tool material wear process and improve the test efficiency. During the loading of motion Y, the contact line between the prism convex edge and the rotating cylinder can form a moving friction pair, which can accurately simulate the cutting speed of the tool and break through the speed limit of the traditional reciprocating friction testing machine.

[0028] Third, the sample preparation of the present invention is simplified. The prism convex edge only needs to ensure straightness, and the roundness error of the cylinder is controllable, which is convenient for repeated testing. Moreover, during the test process, the continuous rotation of sample B makes the contact line evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cylinder, and the contact area is dynamically updated in a single test, which can reduce the interference of local topography changes on the data and reduce the test error. By carefully defining multiple dimensions such as the contact path, contact topography, contact accuracy, and contact stage, the present invention can accurately control the test variables, reduce interference factors, improve the test accuracy, and ensure that the test results have high consistency and horizontal comparability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the method for the first embodiment of the method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material according to the present invention; Figure 2Schematic diagram of the relationship between sample A, sample B, straight edge L1 and plane R in the first embodiment of the wear resistance test method for a tool material of the present invention; Figure 3 For Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the first perspective; Figure 4 For Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the second perspective; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the relationship between sample A and sample B in the second embodiment of the wear resistance test method for a tool material of the present invention; Figure 6 For Figure 5 Schematic diagram of another perspective; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of sample B in the fourth embodiment of the wear resistance test method for a tool material of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the relationship between sample A and sample B in the fifth embodiment of the wear resistance test method for a tool material of the present invention; Figure 9 For Figure 8 Schematic diagram of another perspective; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of sample B in the eighth embodiment of the wear resistance test method for a tool material of the present invention; Figure 11 For Figure 10 Schematic diagram of another perspective.

[0030] The reference signs in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: A - sample A, B - sample B, R - plane R, L1 - straight edge L1. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0031] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments: Embodiment 1 A wear resistance test method for a tool material includes the following steps: Step 1, set sample A and sample B.

[0032] The sample A is made of a tool material for testing. The tool material refers to a hard material commonly used for cutting, including high-speed steel, cermet, high-entropy alloy, cubic boron nitride, diamond and other high-hardness materials. And a prism is provided on the sample A. The prism is composed of two intersecting planes and a convex edge formed by the intersection of the two intersecting planes; the convex edge is a straight edge. The included angle between the two intersecting planes is less than 180 degrees and greater than 0 degrees, and the specific size can be adjusted according to requirements. There is a plane P between the two intersecting planes, and the two intersecting planes are symmetric about the plane P.

[0033] The sample B is made of a material for rubbing against the cutting tool material to be tested, and at least one cylinder is provided on the sample B, and there is a cylindrical surface on the cylinder.

[0034] In this embodiment, when setting the sample A and the sample B, it specifically includes: Taking a cemented carbide blade as the cutting tool material to be tested, pressing the cemented carbide blade into a cuboid blade of 10mm*10mm*5mm, and grinding the six planes on a surface grinder to obtain a cuboid sample with a relatively smooth surface. Taking this cuboid sample as the sample A, at this time, the blade has 12 straight edges available for testing, and because only surface grinding is performed, although the formed straight edges are not ideal sharp corners, they can be considered too sharp without rounding or chamfering in the engineering sense.

[0035] Taking GCr15 bearing steel as the material for rubbing against the cutting tool material to be tested, processing the GCr15 bearing steel into a cylindrical bar with a height of 50mm and a diameter of 20mm, and taking this sample as the sample B. When the cylindrical surface of the sample B rotates around the central axis of the cylinder, its cylindricity is less than 0.05mm. Under this condition, the smaller cylindricity can prevent the straight edge from being affected by other factors other than wear due to the discontinuous impact of the cylindrical surface on the straight edge and the action of alternating thermal stress when the straight edge contacts the cylindrical surface.

[0036] Step 2, use a machine tool with at least one rotary spindle and two translational axes for testing; place the sample A and the sample B on the machine tool, make the straight edge of the sample A perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical surface of the sample B, and the two intersecting planes of the prism form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the central axis respectively. In this embodiment, the angles θ1 and θ2 satisfy: . Drive the sample B to rotate around the central axis at a linear velocity of 1mm / min~ mm / min, and control the machine tool to make the sample A move relative to the sample B along a preset trajectory in multiple stages.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, a numerically controlled machine tool equipped with a workbench and a three-axis machining center is used for testing, and the X, Y, and Z axes are orthogonal. The sample B is directly clamped to the spindle tool holder of the three-axis machining center, that is, one end of the sample B is clamped and the other end is suspended, and the clamping length is set to 25mm. The spindle of the machine tool is responsible for moving in the Z direction; the central axis of the sample B is parallel to the Z axis of the machine tool spindle; the workbench of the machine tool is responsible for moving in the X and Y directions. After adjusting the clamping of the sample B, it is measured that the circular runout of any circle on the cylindrical surface 1 is less than 0.01mm.

[0038] Use a vise to clamp the two sides of the sample A, and adjust its angle so that a straight edge is used as the straight edge L1 for testing, asFigure 2 As shown, the included angle between the two intersecting planes forming the straight edge L1 is 90 degrees, and the included angles between the two planes and the central axis of the bar stock (specimen B) are 45 degrees, that is, θ1 = θ2 = 45°, as Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown. Among them, R is the plane R. In this embodiment, the plane R coincides with the plane P. After the angle of the blade (specimen A) is adjusted, the vise is fixed on the workbench so that the parallelism between the straight edge of the blade and the X-axis of the machine tool is less than 2 .

[0039] Keep the specimen B rotating continuously, and control the specimen A to perform multi-stage relative motion along a preset trajectory. The multi-stage relative motion includes: The first stage, the contact stage; in this stage, there is a section of motion X generated by the specimen A relative to the specimen B. At the start of this motion X, the straight edge does not contact the cylindrical surface; taking the distance from the straight edge to the central axis as R1 and the distance from the maximum diameter on the cylindrical surface to the central axis as R2, when the motion X ends, the straight edge contacts the cylindrical surface, and at this time, ; taking the spatial position of the straight edge relative to the cylindrical region at the end of the motion X as the initial contact state; In this embodiment, the force measuring device is the tool holder that clamps one end of the specimen B, and it can measure the three-directional forces and the torque received by the specimen B in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0040] Keep the spindle clamping the specimen B rotating in one direction at a speed of 2000 r / min. Move the workbench, feed the specimen A in the positive Y-axis direction to approach the specimen B at a feed speed of 10 mm / min, and the displacement length for each movement is 0.01 mm. Each time when moving, observe the force measuring curve displayed by the force measuring device. When there is a movement that makes the straight edge contact the cylindrical surface and causes a change in the force measurement data, while the previous displacements did not cause a change in the force measurement data, then this movement is considered as the movement X, and stop any feeding for ten seconds at the end of this movement. And during the movement X, use the force measuring device for real-time monitoring. Using this method, the experimenter can judge whether the movement X in this stage has occurred when the contact amount is very small, in the order of one micron or less, which can provide a more accurate experimental process to ensure the stability and accuracy of the test.

[0041] The second stage, the wear stage; in this stage, there is one or more sections of motion Y generated by the specimen A relative to the specimen B. After the motion Y ends, keep the relative positions of the specimen A and B unchanged and continue for T hours to cause wear between the two specimens, ; for the motion Y, at the start of the motion, the straight edge is in the initial contact state, and at the end of the motion Y, ; In the movement Y, the movement speed of each segment of the movement is 0.001 mm / min to mm / min, and each segment of the movement causes the sample A to contact the sample B and generate a relative pressure; In this stage, the velocity vector of the movement Y is in the plane R at any moment; the plane R is a set of planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation; and a force measuring device is used to record the force data generated in this stage; In this embodiment, the sample A is continuously fed forward along the positive Y-axis to approach the sample B. Each feed movement is the movement Y. Moreover, after each movement Y is completed, it needs to be stationary for a duration of T hours. A total of five movements Y are performed. The value of the T-hour duration after each movement Y is judged according to the rate of change of the force measured by the force measuring instrument after this movement Y is completed. When the rate of change is less than 2 Newtons per minute, it is considered that the T-hour ends, and the next movement Y starts. In this stage, a force measuring device is required to record the force data generated during each movement Y and the duration of T hours.

[0042] In the above multi-stage relative movement, the directions of the movement X and the movement Y are both perpendicular to the straight edge. Under this limiting condition, the feed in the direction perpendicular to the straight edge can make the stress generated by contact on the prism during movement be dominated by compressive stress during movement, largely avoiding the cracking of the straight edge caused by tensile stress, and thus making the measured force curve during the movement Y exclude the influence other than wear as much as possible.

[0043] The length s of each segment of the movement in the movement X and the movement Y satisfies: . Under this limiting condition, the length of each displacement feed is relatively small, and the maximum stress borne by the prism during the entire test is relatively small. Thus, the strength limit problem that is likely to be caused under high stress conditions can be excluded; in addition, when the length of a single feed displacement is relatively small, the volume of the stress influence area is also relatively small, greatly reducing the probability of the existence of microcracks, thereby avoiding the influence of cracks on the test results.

[0044] Moreover, the two intersecting planes of the prism form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the central axis respectively; in this step, θ1 and θ2 are of the same size and both equal to 45 degrees. Under this limiting condition, when the prism is performing the movement X and the movement Y, the forces generated by each individual movement are basically cancelled out in the direction perpendicular to the plane P, avoiding the generation of tensile stress. On the other hand, it also makes the contact stress at most positions relatively close when the contact part of the prism is stressed, improving the stability of the test and being conducive to the analysis of the test. And the 45-degree angle, on the one hand, is not too large to reduce the strength of the prism, reducing the risk of bending fracture that may be caused by the sharp straight edge, nor is it too small to increase the area of residual contact and lengthen the test time.

[0045] Step 3: Analyze the force data measured by the force measuring device and obtain the anti-wear performance of the tool material.

[0046] Analyze the force measurement data and the morphology after the tests of Specimen A and Specimen B. By analyzing the contact area, wear amount, and the relationship between force and stress, an estimated value of the ability of Specimen A to resist the wear of Specimen B can be obtained. For example, it can be judged by the wear volume per unit time, or by the average value, maximum value, and force change rate of the force measurement data within a certain period. There are various existing mathematical calculation methods for the estimation method, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0047] The method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material provided in this embodiment has high test convenience, low test cost, reliable test results, and a wide test application range.

[0048] Embodiment 2 A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0049] As Figure 5 shown, in this embodiment, the included angles θ1 and θ2 of the two intersecting planes forming the straight edge are equal to 55° and 75° respectively. Figure 6

[0050] In addition, Figure 6 L1 in represents the straight edge L1, Figure 5 The cross-section of Specimen A in

[0051] represents that except for the prism, the other parts can be of any shape. The cross-sections at the upper and lower ends of Specimen B represent that except that the contact area when Specimen A and Specimen B are in contact must be the contact between a cylinder and a prism, the other parts can be of any shape and any material.

[0052] Embodiment 3 A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0053] The force measuring device used in this embodiment is a plate - type force measuring instrument for unidirectional force measurement. The force measuring instrument is clamped and fixed on specimen A. Moreover, when clamping specimen A, the force measuring direction of the force measuring instrument is fixed to be perpendicular to the central axis of specimen B and perpendicular to the direction of the straight edge L1. Other steps of the test are the same as those in Embodiment 1. This embodiment shows that the clamping position of the force measuring instrument is not fixed. It can be clamped on specimen A or specimen B, and there is no limitation on the clamping position. In addition, this embodiment shows that the measurement degree of freedom of the force measuring instrument is not restricted. It can be different from the force measuring instrument used in Embodiment 1, and at least one measurement direction can meet the requirements.

[0054] Embodiment 4 A method for testing the anti - wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0055] In this embodiment, a groove group is provided on the cylindrical surface of specimen B, and the groove group should ensure that it does not affect the stability of the cylinder during the test. Specimen B is as Figure 7 shown. Other steps of the test are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0056] The method for testing the anti - wear performance of a tool material provided in this embodiment, compared with Embodiment 1, by adding a groove group, is conducive to controllably introducing thermal cycles and tiny impacts during wear testing, so as to simulate the anti - wear conditions under more working conditions.

[0057] Embodiment 5 A method for testing the anti - wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0058] A chamfer or fillet is provided on the straight edge of specimen A.

[0059] In this embodiment, the straight edge L1 is filleted, and the fillet radius is 0.02 mm, thereby obtaining a specimen A different from that in Embodiment 1. The relationship between specimen A and specimen B is as Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown. Other steps of the test are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The fillet adopted in this embodiment greatly improves the strength of the straight edge, avoids the occurrence of contact edge chipping caused by being too sharp, and improves the stability of the test.

[0060] The method for testing the anti - wear performance of a tool material provided in this embodiment, by setting a fillet with a determined size, can transform the contact edge between specimen A and specimen B into a gradual transition zone, making the distribution of the contact stress from the maximum value to zero smoother, avoiding the theoretical stress singularity, and making the stress distribution more uniform. Moreover, the fillet setting is closer to the actual tool working condition (such as simulating the passivation of the tool edge), can more truly reflect the contact state during the tool service, and improves the correlation between the test data and the cutting performance.

[0061] Example Six A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Example One.

[0062] In this embodiment, the second stage of step 2 is adjusted to: While feeding the sample A forward by 0.05 mm along the positive Y-axis, feed it forward by 0.2 mm along the positive X-axis to approach the sample B. The combined movement of the X-axis and Y-axis for each time is movement Y. And after each movement Y is completed, it needs to be stationary for T hours. A total of two movements Y are performed. The value of T hours after each movement Y is judged according to the value of the force measured by the dynamometer after this movement Y is completed. When the value returns below 4 Newtons, it is considered that T hours end and the next movement Y starts. In this stage, a force measuring device is required to record the data of the force generated during each movement Y and the duration of T hours.

[0063] Other steps of the test are the same as those in Example One.

[0064] A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material provided in this embodiment, compared with Example One, on the one hand, changes the feeding direction of movement Y. This feeding method is beneficial to lengthening the total feeding time of the overall movement when the feeding amount of movement Y on the Y-axis is small enough, so that the data volume during the feeding stage of movement Y is more and more stable during data analysis. On the other hand, the feeding amount of movement Y is greater than 0.01 mm. This method is more suitable for simulating the high-stress wear situation during the actual cutting of the tool material, that is, the anti-wear ability of the tool material under different high-stress states is tested by changing the feeding.

[0065] Example Seven A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Example One.

[0066] In this embodiment, step 2 includes: Use a two-axis CNC lathe for testing. Directly clamp the sample B onto the spindle chuck of the machine tool, that is, one end of the cylindrical rod (sample B) is clamped by the chuck, and the other end is tightened by the top clamp. The machine tool workbench is responsible for the movement in the Y direction and the Z direction. The central axis of the sample B is parallel to the Z direction of the workbench. After adjusting the clamping of the sample B, it is measured that any circular runout on the cylindrical surface is less than 0.002 mm.

[0067] Use the turret on the machine tool workbench to clamp the two sides of the sample A and adjust the angle of the sample A so that a straight edge of the blade is used as the straight edge L1 for testing. The parallelism between the straight edge L1 and the orthogonal X direction of the machine tool is less than 5 , and the straight edge L1 of the sample A is perpendicular to and intersects the central axis of the cylinder. As Figure 2As shown, the included angle between the two intersecting planes forming the straight edge L1 is 90 degrees, and the included angle between the two planes and the central axis of the bar stock is 45 degrees.

[0068] Keep the sample B rotating continuously and control the sample A to perform multi-stage relative motion along a preset trajectory.

[0069] The first stage and the second stage of this step, as well as other steps, are the same as those in Embodiment 1. This embodiment illustrates an extended usage scenario, proving that this test method can be carried out on a two-axis lathe and has strong adaptability.

[0070] Embodiment 8 A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0071] In this embodiment, slots are provided on the cylindrical surface of the sample B. The sample B is as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown. Other steps of the test are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0072] The method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material provided by this embodiment can measure the wear condition of the sample A under two impacts per revolution.

[0073] Embodiment 9 A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material is adjusted as follows on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0074] In this embodiment, the included angle θ1 and the included angle θ2 satisfy: . And further, θ1 = θ2 = 75°.

[0075] The method for testing the anti-wear performance of a tool material provided by this embodiment, under the above limited conditions, the convex edge formed by the two planes has a symmetric wedge structure. The symmetric angle makes the forces on both sides of the cutting edge symmetrically distributed, avoiding unilateral stress concentration caused by asymmetric angles. And the increase in the wedge angle (compared with Embodiment 1, from 45° to 75°) can improve the edge compression resistance and balance the frictional heat. Moreover, the planes on both sides of the edge and the cylindrical axis can form symmetric inclination angles, ensuring that the relative motion trajectory of the sample A in the plane R (perpendicular to the rotation axis) is strictly controlled, avoiding axial runout caused by angle deviation, and having good contact state stability and motion trajectory controllability, which helps to improve the test accuracy.

[0076] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. Specific structures and characteristics and other common knowledge in the art are not described in detail herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art know all the common general technical knowledge in the technical field to which the invention pertains before the filing date or the priority date, are able to learn all the prior art in this field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before this date. Those of ordinary skill in the art can, under the inspiration given in this application, combine their own abilities to improve and implement this solution. Some typical well-known structures or well-known methods should not become obstacles for those of ordinary skill in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 1, set up sample A and sample B; the sample A is made of the cutting tool material for testing, and a prism is provided on the sample A, which is jointly composed of two intersecting planes and the convex edge formed by the intersection of the intersecting planes; the convex edge is a straight edge; the sample B is made of the material for grinding against the cutting tool material to be tested, and a cylindrical region is provided on the sample B, and there is only one cylindrical surface on the cylindrical region, and the cylindricity of the cylindrical surface is less than 1 mm; Step 2: Fix the sample A and the sample B on a machine tool with at least one rotating spindle and two translational axes, such that the straight edge of the sample A is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical surface of the sample B, and the two intersecting planes of the prism form angles θ1 and θ2 with the central axis respectively, where 0° < θ1 < 90° and 0° < θ2 < 90°; drive the sample B to rotate around the central axis at a linear velocity of 1 mm / min to mm / min, and control the machine tool such that the sample A moves relative to the sample B along a preset trajectory in multiple stages: The first stage is the contact stage; in this stage, there is a movement X of the sample A relative to the sample B. At the start of the movement X, the straight edge is not in contact with the cylindrical surface. Taking the distance from the straight edge to the central axis as R1 and the distance from the maximum diameter on the cylindrical surface to the central axis as R2, when the movement X ends, the straight edge comes into contact with the cylindrical surface. And at this time, ; taking the spatial position of the straight edge relative to the cylindrical region at the end of the movement X as the initial contact state; The second stage is the wear stage; in this stage, there is one or more movements Y of sample A relative to sample B. After the movement Y ends, the relative positions of sample A and B are made to remain unchanged and last for T hours, causing wear between the two samples. ; At the start of the movement Y, the straight edges are in an initial contact state. When the movement Y ends, ; In the movement Y, the movement speed of each segment of the movement is 0.001 mm / min to mm / min, and each segment of the movement causes sample A and sample B to come into contact and generate a relative pressure. In this stage, the velocity vector of the motion Y at any moment is in the plane R; the plane R is the set of planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation; and a force measuring device is used to record the force data generated in this stage; Step 3, analyze the force data measured by the force measuring device and obtain the anti-wear performance of the cutting tool material.

2. The method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that When the cylinder of the sample B rotates around the central axis, its cylindricity is less than 0.1 mm.

3. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that A fillet or chamfer is provided on the straight edge of the sample A; the fillet radius or chamfer width is less than 0.05 mm and greater than 0.001 m.

4. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directions of the motion X and the motion Y are both perpendicular to the straight edge.

5. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length s of each segment of motion in motion X and motion Y satisfies: .

6. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length s of each segment of motion in motion X and motion Y satisfies: .

7. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Groove groups or slots are provided on the cylindrical region of the sample B.

8. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle θ1 and the included angle θ2 satisfy: .

9. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle θ1 and the included angle θ2 satisfy: .

10. A method for testing the anti-wear performance of a cutting tool material according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the motion X, a force measuring device is used for real-time monitoring.

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