Fixed bed biomass gasifier with water seal anti-explosion pressure relief structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixed bed biomass gasifier with a water seal anti-explosion pressure relief structure. The fixed bed biomass gasifier comprises a gasifier body and a water seal pressure relief mechanism arranged on the outer wall of the gasifier body. Each water seal pressure relief mechanism comprises a water seal tank and a pressure relief pipe; one end of the pressure relief pipe is communicated with the upper part of the gasifier body, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe can extend below the water surface in the water seal tank to realize water seal; a water inlet pipe and an overflow pipe for draining water are arranged on the side wall of the water-sealed tank, and a blow-off pipe is arranged at the bottom of the water-sealed tank; a plurality of water seal pressure relief mechanisms are arranged, and the water seal tanks of the adjacent water seal pressure relief mechanisms are communicated through communicating pipes. Compared with the prior art, the water seal pressure relief device has the advantages of excellent water seal pressure relief effect, light structure, simplicity and convenience in installation, production cost saving and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of reaction furnaces, and in particular to a fixed-bed biomass gasification furnace with a water-sealed explosion-proof pressure relief structure. Background Art

[0002] Biomass gasification technology is an important way to utilize renewable energy, and the safe operation of its core equipment, the fixed-bed gasifier, has attracted much attention. During the gasification reaction, fluctuations in the moisture content of the raw materials, uneven feeding, or inaccurate operating parameters may cause a sudden increase in the pressure in the furnace, especially in the case of an explosion caused by the accidental mixing of pyrolysis gas and air. The pressure in the furnace can reach a peak pressure of 0.5-1.5MPa within milliseconds.

[0003] Conventional fixed-bed biomass gasifiers usually use traditional explosion-proof doors as explosion-proof pressure relief devices. When the gas pressure in the furnace increases instantly (such as sudden deflagration), in order to protect the safety of workers and industrial equipment from the harm of the explosion shock wave, 1-2 explosion-proof doors are usually installed, which can effectively release the high pressure in the furnace and prevent the explosion from damaging the gasifier body and surrounding equipment. However, explosion-proof doors generally use special materials and manufacturing processes, so the price will be correspondingly higher; in addition, explosion-proof doors are generally heavy, and the weight of a single explosion-proof door can be as high as 300-500kg, and the cost of maintenance and replacement is high.

[0004] CN206783607U discloses a safe fixed bed gasifier, in which a flow guide pipe connected to the gasifier body extends from the top of the box into the box and is lower than the overflow port, and the flow guide pipe is used to guide the high-pressure gas in the furnace into the safety water seal system. However, the gasifier and the water seal system are independently arranged, and an additional space and structure for the installation of the water supply tank are required. Moreover, the separate water seal system cannot effectively disperse the sudden increase in gas pressure, and lacks the stability of explosion-proof pressure relief.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a new explosion-proof and pressure-relief structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof pressure relief structure in order to overcome the defects of the existing gasifier explosion-proof pressure relief structure, such as inconvenient structural installation and the need to improve the explosion-proof pressure relief stability.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-seal explosion-proof pressure relief structure, the fixed-bed biomass gasifier comprising a gasifier body and a water-seal pressure relief mechanism arranged on the outer wall of the gasifier body;

[0009] The water seal pressure relief mechanism includes a water seal tank and a pressure relief pipe; one end of the pressure relief pipe is communicated with the upper part of the gasifier furnace body, and the other end can extend below the water surface in the water seal tank to achieve water seal; a water inlet pipe and an overflow pipe for draining water are arranged on the side wall of the water seal tank, and a sewage discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the water seal tank;

[0010] A plurality of the water seal pressure relief mechanisms are provided, and the water seal tanks of adjacent water seal pressure relief mechanisms are communicated through a connecting pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the gasifier furnace body includes an inner shell and an outer shell, and a water jacket structure is arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the pressure relief pipe includes an integrally formed bent transition section and a straight pipe section.

[0013] Furthermore, the bent transition section is flush welded with the gasifier furnace body.

[0014] Furthermore, the straight pipe section directly extends below the water surface in the water seal tank.

[0015] Furthermore, the water inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the water seal tank, and the overflow pipe is arranged at the middle and lower part of the side wall of the water seal tank.

[0016] Furthermore, the water seal tank is a cylindrical structure as a whole, the height of the water seal tank is 1800 - 2000 mm, and the diameter of the water seal tank is 500 - 550 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the diameter of the pressure relief pipe is 220 - 280 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the height between the overflow pipe and the bottom of the water seal tank is 1600 - 1700 mm, and the liquid level height in the water seal tank is controlled at 1400 - 1500 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the distance between the end of the pressure relief pipe and the bottom of the water seal tank is 50 - 150 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, a sewage discharge valve is arranged on the sewage discharge pipe.

[0021] Furthermore, the connecting pipes are all horizontally arranged and are at the same horizontal height.

[0022] Furthermore, the horizontal height of the connecting pipes is lower than that of the overflow pipe.

[0023] Furthermore, the water seal pressure relief mechanisms are evenly arranged in a ring around the periphery of the gasifier furnace body.

[0024] Furthermore, a total of 8 water seal pressure relief mechanisms are provided, and they are arranged in pairs in a ring around the periphery of the gasifier furnace body.

[0025] Furthermore, the included angle formed between the water seal pressure relief mechanism of adjacent groups and the central axis of the gasifier body is 70 - 75°, and the included angle formed between the water seal pressure relief mechanism within the group and the central axis of the gasifier body is 15 - 20°.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) By arranging a plurality of water seal pressure relief mechanisms on the gasifier body of the fixed - bed biomass gasifier of the present invention, when the pressure in the gasifier body is too high, the gas enters the water seal tank through the pressure relief pipe, and the pressure is released through the water seal. In addition, the distributed design of the water seal pressure relief mechanism of the present invention reduces the local load, improves the installation convenience, and the connected - type design enables the liquid levels of the water seal tanks of each water seal pressure relief mechanism to be balanced, ensuring that each water seal tank works synchronously, avoiding single - point failure, and improving the reliability and stability of water seal pressure relief.

[0028] (2) The present invention proposes a water seal explosion - relief form for a fixed - bed gasifier, making the structure of the explosion - proof door lighter, simpler, and safer, and achieving the purpose of "one - time installation, lifetime use", reducing manual operation and saving equipment costs.

[0029] (3) The water seal liquid level of the present invention forms a physical isolation layer. When relieving pressure, the high - temperature gas needs to penetrate through the water layer to be discharged. The water medium can effectively cool the gas, capture unburned carbon particles, and dilute the concentration of combustible gases such as CO / H2 below the lower explosion limit, eliminating the risk of secondary explosion.

[0030] (4) After the high - temperature gas of the present invention is cooled by the water seal, the waste heat can be recovered through a heat exchanger; and the in - situ neutralization of acidic gases can be achieved by adding alkaline substances to the water seal liquid, realizing the collaborative treatment of pollutants and the efficient recovery of heat energy. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fixed - bed biomass gasifier of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water seal pressure relief mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the fixed - bed biomass gasifier in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the water seal pressure relief mechanism in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0035] Description of the marks in the drawings:

[0036] 1 - Gasifier body, 11 - Inner shell, 12 - Outer shell;

[0037] 2 - Water seal tank;

[0038] 3 - Pressure relief pipe, 31 - Bending transition section, 32 - Straight pipe section;

[0039] 4 - Water inlet pipe;

[0040] 5 - Overflow pipe;

[0041] 6 - Drain pipe;

[0042] 7 - Connecting pipe. Specific implementation mode

[0043] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and gives detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0044] In the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention; the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0045] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0046] Embodiment 1:

[0047] This embodiment provides a fixed - bed biomass gasifier with a water - seal explosion - proof and pressure - relief structure. As Figure 1-2 shown, the fixed - bed biomass gasifier includes a gasifier furnace body 1 and a water - seal pressure - relief mechanism provided on the outer wall of the gasifier furnace body 1.

[0048] The water seal pressure relief mechanism of this embodiment includes a water seal tank 2 and a pressure relief pipe 3. One end of the pressure relief pipe 3 is connected to the upper part of the gasifier furnace body 1, and the other end can extend below the water surface in the water seal tank 2 to achieve water seal.

[0049] In this embodiment, a water inlet pipe 4 and an overflow pipe 5 for draining water are provided on the side wall of the water seal tank 2, and a sewage discharge pipe 6 is provided at the bottom of the water seal tank 2.

[0050] Several water seal pressure relief mechanisms are provided in this embodiment. The water seal tanks 2 of adjacent water seal pressure relief mechanisms are connected through a connecting pipe 7, so that the liquid levels inside each water seal pressure relief mechanism are kept flat and form a whole.

[0051] In this embodiment, by arranging several water seal pressure relief mechanisms on the gasifier furnace body 1 of the fixed bed biomass gasifier, when the pressure in the gasifier furnace body 1 is too high, the gas enters the water seal tank 2 through the pressure relief pipe 3, and the pressure is released through the water seal; in addition, the distributed design of the water seal pressure relief mechanism reduces the local load, reduces the complexity of the overall structure, and improves the installation convenience; the connecting pipe 7 keeps the liquid levels of the water seal tanks 2 of each water seal pressure relief mechanism balanced, ensures the synchronous operation of each water seal tank 2, avoids single-point failure, and improves the reliability and stability of the water seal pressure relief.

[0052] Embodiment 2:

[0053] This embodiment provides a fixed bed biomass gasifier with a water seal explosion-proof and pressure relief structure. The fixed bed biomass gasifier includes a gasifier furnace body 1 and a water seal pressure relief mechanism arranged on the outer wall of the gasifier furnace body 1.

[0054] The gasifier furnace body 1 of this embodiment includes an inner shell 11 and an outer shell 12, and a water jacket structure is provided between the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 12.

[0055] The back pressure in the upper half of the furnace of the fixed bed gasifier is generally in a slightly negative pressure state. In order to prevent sudden deflagration in the furnace, one end of the pressure relief pipe 3 is connected to the upper part of the gasifier furnace body 1, and the other end can extend below the water surface in the water seal tank 2, and is sealed by water for water seal. The pressure relief pipe 3 of this embodiment includes an integrally formed bent transition section 31 and a straight pipe section 32. The bent transition section 31 is flush welded with the gasifier furnace body 1, and the straight pipe section 32 directly extends below the water surface in the water seal tank 2. The water seal tank 2 of this embodiment is a cylindrical structure as a whole. The height of the water seal tank 2 is about 1900 mm, the diameter of the water seal tank 2 is about 530 mm, and the diameter of the pressure relief pipe 3 is about 250 mm.

[0056] In this embodiment, the water inlet pipe 4 is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the water seal tank 2, and the overflow pipe 5 is arranged at the middle and lower part of the side wall of the water seal tank 2. The height between the overflow pipe 5 and the bottom of the water seal tank 2 is about 1700 mm, and the distance between the end of the pressure relief pipe 3 and the bottom of the water seal tank 2 is about 10 cm. The liquid level height in the water seal tank 2 is controlled at 1400 - 1500 mm. When the pressure in the gasifier furnace body 1 increases instantaneously, part of the gas in the furnace can pass through the pressure relief pipe 3 and be discharged from the water seal pressure relief mechanism. The water in the water seal pressure relief mechanism will absorb a certain amount of pressure and discharge a certain amount of water. If the designed discharged liquid level height is H, then when the back pressure of the hearth of the fixed bed gasifier increases instantaneously to more than H×100 Pa, several water seal pressure relief mechanisms will be activated simultaneously to play an effective pressure relief role. For example, when the water depth is 40 cm, it can correspond to a pressure relief threshold of 4 kPa. This mechanical water seal device has a large explosion-proof pressure range in practical applications, and is stable in use, simple in operation, convenient for maintenance, and has a long service life.

[0057] A drain valve is provided on the drain pipe 6 of this embodiment, and the drain valve can be opened regularly to drain the dirty water in the water seal tank 2.

[0058] Embodiment 3:

[0059] This embodiment provides a fixed bed biomass gasifier with a water seal explosion-proof and pressure relief structure. The fixed bed biomass gasifier includes a gasifier furnace body 1 and a water seal pressure relief mechanism arranged on the outer wall of the gasifier furnace body 1.

[0060] As Figure 3 shown, the connecting pipes 7 of this embodiment are all horizontally arranged and are all at the same horizontal height. The horizontal height of the connecting pipes 7 is lower than that of the overflow pipe 5. The connecting pipes 7 are horizontally arranged throughout without a vertical climbing section, which avoids the accumulation of gas at the high points of the pipeline to form gas resistance, ensures the smooth flow of water, and can further reduce the problem of pressure relief threshold drift caused by liquid level differences. In addition, even if an individual water seal tank 2 fails, other tanks can complete the water supply through the connecting pipes 7 within a short time (seconds) to maintain the consistency of the overall sealing depth of the system.

[0061] Embodiment 4:

[0062] This embodiment provides a fixed bed biomass gasifier with a water seal explosion-proof and pressure relief structure. The fixed bed biomass gasifier includes a gasifier furnace body 1 and a water seal pressure relief mechanism arranged on the outer wall of the gasifier furnace body 1.

[0063] The water seal pressure relief mechanism of this embodiment can be evenly arranged in a ring around the periphery of the gasifier furnace body 1. For example, if there are a total of 4 water seal pressure relief mechanisms, the included angle formed between the adjacent water seal pressure relief mechanisms and the central axis of the gasifier furnace body 1 is 90° at this time.

[0064] As Figure 4As shown in the figure, the water seal pressure relief mechanism of this embodiment can also be provided with 8 pieces. The 8 water seal pressure relief mechanisms are distributed in pairs around the periphery of the gasifier furnace body 1. The included angle formed between the water seal pressure relief mechanisms of adjacent groups and the central axis of the gasifier furnace body 1 is 70°, and the included angle formed between the water seal pressure relief mechanisms within a group and the central axis of the gasifier furnace body 1 is 20°. The dense arrangement of 20° within the group can form a local high pressure relief density area, and the 70° wide-angle distribution between adjacent groups guides the shock wave to form staggered eddies in the circumferential direction of the furnace body. The detonation kinetic energy is consumed through the shear action between gases, and finally a multi-stage pressure relief attenuation mechanism is formed.

[0065] The above description of the embodiments is to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention according to the disclosure of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure, characterized in that, The fixed-bed biomass gasifier includes a gasifier furnace body (1) and a water-sealed pressure relief mechanism arranged on the outer wall of the gasifier furnace body (1); The water-sealed pressure relief mechanism includes a water-sealed tank (2) and a pressure relief pipe (3); one end of the pressure relief pipe (3) is communicated with the upper part of the gasifier furnace body (1), and the other end can extend below the water surface in the water-sealed tank (2) to achieve water sealing; a water inlet pipe (4) and an overflow pipe (5) for draining water are arranged on the side wall of the water-sealed tank (2), and a sewage discharge pipe (6) is arranged at the bottom of the water-sealed tank (2); A plurality of the water-sealed pressure relief mechanisms are provided, and the water-sealed tanks (2) of adjacent water-sealed pressure relief mechanisms are communicated through a connecting pipe (7).

2. The fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasifier furnace body (1) includes an inner layer housing (11) and an outer layer housing (12), and a water jacket structure is arranged between the inner layer housing (11) and the outer layer housing (12).

3. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief pipe (3) includes a bent transition section (31) and a straight pipe section (32) which are integrally formed; The bent transition section (31) is flush-welded with the gasifier furnace body (1), and the straight pipe section (32) directly extends below the water surface in the water-sealed tank (2).

4. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet pipe (4) is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the water-sealed tank (2), and the overflow pipe (5) is arranged at the middle and lower part of the side wall of the water-sealed tank (2).

5. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 1, wherein, The water-sealed tank (2) is of an overall cylindrical structure, the height of the water-sealed tank (2) is 1800 - 2000 mm, the diameter of the water-sealed tank (2) is 500 - 550 mm, and the diameter of the pressure relief pipe (3) is 220 - 280 mm.

6. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height between the overflow pipe (5) and the bottom of the water-sealed tank (2) is 1600 - 1700 mm, and the liquid level height in the water-sealed tank (2) is controlled at 1400 - 1500 mm; The distance between the end of the pressure relief pipe (3) and the bottom of the water-sealed tank (2) is 50 - 150 mm.

7. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sewage discharge valve is arranged on the sewage discharge pipe (6).

8. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof pressure relief structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting pipes (7) are all horizontally arranged and are all at the same horizontal height; The horizontal height of the connecting pipes (7) is lower than that of the overflow pipe (5).

9. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof pressure relief structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-sealed pressure relief mechanisms are evenly arranged in a ring around the periphery of the gasifier furnace body (1).

10. A fixed-bed biomass gasifier with a water-sealed explosion-proof and pressure-relieving structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A total of 8 water-sealed pressure relief mechanisms are provided, and they are arranged in pairs in a ring around the periphery of the gasifier furnace body 1; The included angle formed between the adjacent groups of water-sealed pressure relief mechanisms and the central axis of the gasifier furnace body 1 is 70 - 75°, and the included angle formed between the water-sealed pressure relief mechanisms within the group and the central axis of the gasifier furnace body 1 is 15 - 20°.

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