Comprehensive treatment equipment for dry and wet garbage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment equipment, in particular to dry and wet garbage comprehensive treatment equipment which comprises a spiral conveyor, a dry and wet sorting mechanism, a vibrating screen, a screen plate, a side plate, a vibrating motor, a hinge arm, a supporting rod, an oscillating spring, a fixing rod, a hydraulic push rod, an airflow sorting chamber and a wet material collecting bin. When mixed garbage with complex components is treated, the humidity sensor is dynamically linked with the hydraulic push rod, for example, when high-humidity blocks emerge, the inclination angle is leveled to 5 degrees to prolong the screening path, when low-humidity fluffy materials exist, the inclination angle is rapidly increased to 25 degrees to accelerate separation of the low-humidity fluffy materials from the screening plate, and the sorting purity of the dry and wet garbage is greatly improved; and therefore, the urban garbage treatment station can conveniently classify and treat the dry and wet garbage, and the due resource conversion efficiency of the household garbage is released.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment equipment, specifically a comprehensive dry-wet garbage treatment equipment. Background Art

[0002] Domestic garbage is mainly divided into dry garbage represented by paper and plastic bags and wet garbage represented by food residues. Its origin is closely related to urban development. Its generation mainly stems from people's daily consumption, the acceleration of urbanization, and the processing capacity difference under the urban-rural dual structure. With economic development and population growth, the consumption level of urban residents has increased, and disposable items and packaging waste have surged. In super-large cities like Shenzhen, the daily output of domestic garbage reaches tens of thousands of tons. Existing facilities are difficult to match the growing demand. Moreover, the methane released from landfill of domestic garbage and the increased carbon emissions from incineration also pose challenges to the country's carbon emission reduction goal.

[0003] However, domestic garbage is actually a resource in the wrong place and has huge potential value. According to statistics, about 60% of wet garbage and 40% of dry garbage in the domestic garbage generated in China every year have the value of recycling. If effective classification and treatment are achieved, the directional treatment after dry-wet classification can not only release amazing resource conversion efficiency and become a new boost to the increase of urban GDP, but also the environmental benefits cannot be underestimated. Dry-wet separation can reduce the landfill volume of garbage and extend the service life of landfills. In the incineration link, due to the reduction of the humidity interference of wet garbage, the calorific value in the incinerator is stable, and the emission concentration of dioxins will also be greatly reduced.

[0004] The current promotion of garbage classification is not good, and the above-mentioned advantages of garbage treatment cannot be brought into play. On the one hand, the accuracy rate of residents' garbage classification is insufficient. On the other hand, the end-treatment system, which should be a backup guarantee, instead eliminates the classification results due to technical defects: mainstream garbage treatment equipment usually does not have the ability to separate dry and wet garbage. Even if there is sorting equipment, most of it is imported from abroad, and the separation accuracy for domestic dry-wet mixed garbage is generally low. Dry and wet garbage cannot be effectively separated, which forces incineration plants to increase the cost of redundant combustion aids. The increase in garbage treatment costs forces treatment manufacturers to reduce investment in other aspects, such as mixing and transporting sorted garbage. Once this situation is known to residents, it will surely greatly dampen their enthusiasm for garbage classification, resulting in a sharp drop in the participation rate, forming a vicious closed loop of "cognitive error - equipment inefficiency - trust collapse".

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a comprehensive dry-wet garbage treatment equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: The comprehensive dry-wet garbage treatment equipment described in the present invention includes a frame, and further includes:

[0007] A screw conveyor that feeds garbage into a dry-wet separation mechanism along the inlet. The dry-wet separation mechanism includes:

[0008] A vibrating screen composed of a screen plate and side plates fixedly connected to both sides of the screen plate. A vibrating motor is fixedly connected to the side plates;

[0009] An articulated arm rotatably connected to the side plate of the vibrating screen;

[0010] A support rod with one end fixedly connected to the frame and the other end connected to the articulated arm through a shock spring. The support rod includes a fixed-length fixed rod and a telescopic hydraulic push rod for adjusting the inclination angle of the vibrating screen;

[0011] An air separation chamber installed at the garbage outlet at the screen plate end of the vibrating screen for secondary screening of the garbage on the screen plate;

[0012] A wet material collection bin located below the screen plate of the vibrating screen and fixedly connected to the frame for collecting wet garbage screened out from the screen plate of the vibrating screen.

[0013] Preferably, the control signal of the hydraulic push rod comes from a humidity sensor installed at the outlet of the screw conveyor, which is signal-connected to a PLC controller. The inclination angle adjustment range of the vibrating screen is 3° - 30°.

[0014] Preferably, the dry-wet separation mechanism further includes a plurality of high-pressure nozzles evenly distributed along the length direction of the screen plate. The high-pressure nozzles are connected to a centrifugal fan through pipelines.

[0015] Preferably, the air outlet of the high-pressure nozzle is an elliptical flat opening. The start-stop frequency of the high-pressure nozzle is synchronized with the vibration period of the vibrating screen, and the air flow pressure is 0.3 - 0.6 MPa.

[0016] Preferably, the air separation chamber is provided with a light separation air duct and a heavy separation air duct. The light separation air duct introduces horizontal air flow, and the heavy separation air duct introduces vertically upward air flow.

[0017] Preferably, both the light separation air duct and the heavy separation air duct are provided with louvers; the opening degree of the louvers is driven by a rotating motor connected thereto and feedback-controlled by a pressure sensor in the cavity, and the opening degree adjustment range is 0° - 90°.

[0018] Preferably, the blades of the louvers are in an arc-shaped guiding structure, and the blade surfaces are provided with an anti-adhesion nano-coating, and the coating material is a silica sol-gel composite material.

[0019] Preferably, the louvers of the lightweight separation air duct are located on the side wall of its air inlet, and the air inlet is opened at the lower end of the garbage inlet of the air separation chamber; the louvers of the heavyweight separation air duct are located on the side wall of the air outlet of the heavyweight separation air duct at the top of the air separation chamber.

[0020] Preferably, the sieve holes of the sieve plate are of a tapered structure, and the aperture decreases sequentially from the feeding end to the discharging end. The material of the sieve plate is wear-resistant manganese steel.

[0021] Preferably, the conveying blades of the screw conveyor are variable pitch blades, and the pitch between adjacent conveying blades gradually decreases along the garbage conveying direction.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. When dealing with mixed garbage with complex components, the humidity sensor and the hydraulic push rod are dynamically linked. For example, when a high-humidity block appears, the inclination angle is immediately adjusted to 5° to extend its screening path, and when encountering low-humidity fluffy materials, the inclination angle quickly increases to 25° to accelerate its separation from the sieve plate, greatly improving the sorting purity of wet and dry garbage, thus facilitating the classification treatment of wet and dry garbage by urban garbage treatment stations, and thereby releasing the due resource conversion efficiency of domestic garbage.

[0024] 2. The horizontal air flow of the lightweight separation air duct and the vertically rising air flow of the heavyweight separation air duct form a composite flow field in the separation chamber. The lightweight materials migrate laterally under the action of the horizontal air flow, and the heavy impurities settle longitudinally under the coupling action of the vertical air flow and gravity, effectively separating the lightweight materials from the heavy impurities, and extending the maintenance period of the louvers, improving the classification treatment accuracy for the resource treatment of garbage. Description of the Drawings

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention from another angle;

[0028] Figure 3 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dry-wet separation mechanism and its related components of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the air separation chamber of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is the three-dimensional structural sectional view of the screw conveyor of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, screw conveyor; 3, dry-wet separation mechanism; 4, vibrating screen; 5, sieve plate; 6, side plate; 7, vibrating motor; 8, articulated arm; 9, support rod; 10, shock spring; 11, fixed rod; 12, hydraulic push rod; 13, air separation chamber; 14, wet material collection bin; 15, high-pressure air nozzle; 16, shutter; 17, air inlet; 18, garbage inlet; 19, air outlet; 20, conveying blade. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specification drawings and specific implementation modes.

[0033] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a comprehensive dry-wet garbage treatment device, including a frame 1, and further including:

[0034] A screw conveyor 2, which conveys garbage along the inlet into the dry-wet separation mechanism 3, and the dry-wet separation mechanism 3 includes:

[0035] A vibrating screen 4, which is composed of a sieve plate 5 and side plates 6 fixedly connected to both sides of the sieve plate 5, and a vibrating motor 7 is fixedly connected to the side plate 6;

[0036] An articulated arm 8, which is rotatably connected to the side plate 6 of the vibrating screen 4;

[0037] A support rod 9, one end of which is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and the other end is connected to the articulated arm 8 through a shock spring 10. The support rod 9 includes a fixed rod 11 with a fixed length and a telescopic hydraulic push rod 12, and the hydraulic push rod 12 is used to adjust the inclination angle of the vibrating screen 4;

[0038] An air separation chamber 13, which is installed at the garbage outlet at the sieve plate 5 end of the vibrating screen 4 for secondary screening of the garbage on the sieve plate 5;

[0039] A wet material collection bin 14, which is located below the sieve plate 5 of the vibrating screen 4 and is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The wet material collection bin 14 is used to collect the wet garbage screened out from the sieve plate 5 of the vibrating screen 4.

[0040] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the control signal of the hydraulic push rod 12 comes from a humidity sensor, which is arranged at the outlet of the screw conveyor 2 and is signal-connected to a PLC controller. The inclination angle adjustment range of the vibrating screen 4 is 3° - 30°.

[0041] As an implementation manner of the present invention, the sieve holes of the sieve plate 5 are of a tapered structure, and the aperture diameters decrease successively from the feed end to the discharge end. The material of the sieve plate 5 is wear-resistant manganese steel.

[0042] When the mixed garbage is pushed to the dry-wet separation mechanism 3 by the screw conveyor 2, the humidity sensor at the outlet detects the moisture content of the garbage in real time and transmits a signal to the PLC controller. For high-humidity garbage such as kitchen waste, the controller drives the hydraulic push rod 12 to extend, the end of the vibrating screen 4 is lifted, and the inclination angle is reduced to 3°-10°, forming a gentle screening surface to extend the residence time of the wet garbage; the vibrating motor 7 drives the sieve plate 5 to vibrate at high frequency in three dimensions through the articulated arm 8 and the shock spring 10. The wet garbage repeatedly contacts the tapered sieve holes under the throwing action of the sieve plate 5 with a low inclination angle - the large aperture at the feed end intercepts coarse particles, and the small aperture at the discharge end filters out fine slag, forcing the moisture and wet components to gradually penetrate to the lower wet material collection bin 14, while the remaining dry garbage slides to the end along with the vibration of the sieve plate 5; for low-humidity garbage such as plastics and papers, the hydraulic push rod 12 shortens to increase the inclination angle of the sieve plate 5 to 20°-30°. The steep sieve plate 5 accelerates the sliding of the dry garbage, and the small aperture at the discharge end of the sieve holes of the vibrating screen 4 synchronously blocks the mixing of the remaining wet slag, ensuring the purity of the dry garbage; the wear-resistant manganese steel sieve plate 5 resists vibration friction loss, and combines the hole structure to clean the hole wall by using the self-weight of the material, thereby reducing the blockage rate of the sieve plate 5 and achieving the technical effect of improving the service life of the vibrating screen 4; after the dry garbage enters the air separation chamber 13, the gradient air flow separates the light materials upward, and the heavy impurities fall and are collected, realizing the fine purification of the dry garbage. The inner wall of the wet material collection bin 14 is coated with a hydrophobic coating, thereby preventing the high-viscosity wet garbage from caking and ensuring continuous discharge; through the above design, when dealing with mixed garbage with complex components, the humidity sensor and the hydraulic push rod 12 are dynamically linked. For example, when a high-humidity block appears, the inclination angle is immediately leveled to 5° to extend its screening path, and when encountering low-humidity fluffy materials, the inclination angle quickly increases to 25° to accelerate its separation from the sieve plate 5, greatly improving the separation purity of the dry and wet garbage, thereby facilitating the classification treatment of the dry and wet garbage by the urban garbage treatment station, and thus releasing the resource conversion efficiency that the domestic garbage should have.

[0043] As an implementation manner of the present invention, the dry-wet separation mechanism further includes a plurality of high-pressure air nozzles 15 uniformly distributed along the length direction of the sieve plate 5, and the high-pressure air nozzles 15 are connected to a centrifugal fan through pipelines.

[0044] As an implementation manner of the present invention, the air outlet of the high-pressure air nozzle 15 is an elliptical flat opening, and the start-stop frequency of the high-pressure air nozzle 15 is synchronized with the vibration period of the vibrating screen 4, and the air flow pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa.

[0045] During operation, when the vibrating screen 4 vibrates at high frequency, the high-pressure nozzles 15 evenly distributed along the length direction of the screen plate 5 are connected to a centrifugal fan through pipelines. The elliptical flat nozzle outlet sprays high-speed flat airflows at a pressure of 0.3 - 0.6 MPa. The start-stop frequency of the nozzles is synchronized with the vibration period of the vibrating screen 4. When the screen plate 5 vibrates to the highest point, the nozzles are instantaneously opened, and airflows are sprayed into the sieve holes at the moment when the materials are tossed into the air, blowing out the blockages such as wet slag and fibers stuck in the tapered sieve holes in the reverse direction; the flat flow field characteristics of the elliptical flat airflows can penetrate to the bottom of the tapered structure of the sieve holes, and cooperate with the mechanical impact force generated by the vibration of the screen plate 5 to effectively peel off the blockages; the synchronous start-stop design ensures that the airflow energy acts precisely on the cleaning of the sieve holes, avoiding the energy consumption waste and material scattering caused by continuous air injection; while purging the blockages, the high-pressure airflows accelerate the evaporation of the residual moisture in the wet garbage, reducing the risk of adhesion and caking of the wet material collection bin 14; this design maintains the permeability of the sieve holes without stopping the machine, reduces the maintenance and cleaning frequency of the equipment, and achieves the technical effect of providing reliable guarantee for the efficient separation of garbage with complex components.

[0046] As an embodiment of the present invention, a lightweight separation air duct and a heavyweight separation air duct are provided in the air separation chamber 13. The lightweight separation air duct introduces horizontal airflows, and the heavyweight separation air duct introduces vertically upward airflows.

[0047] As an embodiment of the present invention, louvers 16 are provided in both the lightweight separation air duct and the heavyweight separation air duct; the opening degree of the louvers 16 is driven by a rotating motor connected thereto and is feedback-controlled by a pressure sensor in the cavity, and the opening degree adjustment range is 0° - 90°.

[0048] As an embodiment of the present invention, the blades of the louvers 16 are arc-shaped flow guiding structures, and an anti-adhesion nano-coating is provided on the blade surfaces, and the coating material is a silica sol-gel composite material.

[0049] As an embodiment of the present invention, the louvers 16 of the lightweight separation air duct are located on the side wall of its air inlet 17, and the air inlet 17 is opened at the lower end of the garbage inlet 18 of the air separation chamber 13; the louvers 16 of the heavyweight separation air duct are located on the side wall of the air outlet 19 of the heavyweight separation air duct at the top of the air separation chamber 13.

[0050] During operation, when dry garbage slides from the end of the vibrating screen 4 into the airflow sorting chamber 13, the garbage first enters the horizontal light-weight separation air duct, and the shutter 16 on the side wall of the air inlet 17 drives the blade opening by rotating the motor (not shown in the figure). The pressure sensor in the cavity monitors the airflow pressure in real time and feeds back to the PLC controller, and dynamically adjusts the opening of the shutter 16 according to the garbage flow and density distribution. When the proportion of high-density garbage is large, the opening of the shutter 16 increases to 60°-90°, enhancing the horizontal airflow flow to improve the carrying capacity of light materials; when light garbage is dominant, the opening of the shutter 16 is reduced to less than 30°, and the sorting accuracy is improved through the airflow focusing effect; the arc-shaped guide structure of the shutter 16 blades adjusts the horizontal airflow to a laminar state, evenly covering the garbage flow cross-section, and the light materials are sent out from the light collection port by the horizontal airflow, while the heavy particles fall from the heavy separation air duct due to gravity. On the one hand, a silicon dioxide sol-gel nano-coating is sprayed on the curved blade surface of the shutter 16 to prevent wet garbage residues from adhering to the surface characteristics; on the other hand, the shutters 16 of the light-weight separation air duct and the heavy-weight separation air duct are designed so that the shutters 16 of the two air ducts are kept away from the garbage as much as possible during the garbage separation process, so that even when high-humidity mixed garbage is processed, the surface of the shutters 16 blades remains clean, avoiding the attenuation of the sorting efficiency caused by airflow distortion; the horizontal airflow of the light-weight separation air duct and the vertical rising airflow of the heavy-weight separation air duct form a composite flow field in the sorting chamber, the light materials migrate laterally under the action of the horizontal airflow, and the heavy impurities settle longitudinally under the coupling action of the vertical airflow and gravity, so that the light materials and the heavy impurities are effectively separated, and the maintenance cycle of the shutters 16 is extended, thereby improving the classification processing accuracy for garbage resource processing.

[0051] As an embodiment of the present invention, the conveying blades 20 of the screw conveyor 2 are variable pitch blades, and the pitch between adjacent conveying blades 20 gradually decreases along the garbage conveying direction.

[0052] During operation, the pitch of the variable-pitch blades of the screw conveyor 2 gradually decreases along the garbage conveying direction. The large pitch in the initial section of the conveying blades 20 quickly accepts the fluffy garbage and pushes it forward. The decreasing pitch in the middle section applies a progressive extrusion to the garbage, forcing the moisture in the wet garbage to seep out to the diversion trough in advance under mechanical pressure, reducing the subsequent sorting load. When the garbage reaches the end section of the conveying blades 20, a high-pressure compacting area will be formed. The dry garbage forms a continuous plug under the push of the closely arranged conveying blades 20, blocking the backflow of moisture and preventing the separated dry material from being polluted. The variable-pitch structure realizes the pre-dehydration of the garbage and the preliminary separation of the wet and dry components through gradient pressurization, further improving the penetration efficiency of the wet garbage in the vibrating screen 4. At the same time, the compacted plug at the end of the screw conveyor 2 reduces the risk of the conveyor idling and also plays a role in reducing the fluctuation of the motor load. It is especially suitable for the complex working conditions of mixed kitchen waste and dry garbage, providing a uniform and stable material flow for the wet-dry sorting mechanism 3 and further improving the reliability of the overall sorting system.

[0053] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and remarkable advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above specific embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may also be subject to various changes and improvements to adapt to different use environments and customer requirements. These changes and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope required by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment, including a frame (1), characterized in that: It also includes: A screw conveyor (2) that feeds garbage into the dry-wet separation mechanism (3) along the inlet. The dry-wet separation mechanism (3) includes: A vibrating screen (4) composed of a screen plate (5) and side plates (6) fixedly connected to both sides of the screen plate (5). A vibrating motor (7) is fixedly connected to the side plates (6); A hinged arm (8) rotatably connected to the side plate (6) of the vibrating screen (4); A support rod (9) with one end fixedly connected to the frame (1) and the other end connected to the hinged arm (8) through a shock spring (10). The support rod (9) includes a fixed rod (11) with a fixed length and a telescopic hydraulic push rod (12), and the hydraulic push rod (12) is used to adjust the inclination angle of the vibrating screen (4); An air separation chamber (13) installed at the garbage outlet at the end of the screen plate (5) of the vibrating screen (4) for secondary screening of the garbage on the screen plate (5); A wet material collection bin (14) located below the screen plate (5) of the vibrating screen (4) and fixedly connected to the frame (1). The wet material collection bin (14) is used to collect the wet garbage screened out from the screen plate (5) of the vibrating screen (4).

2. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control signal of the hydraulic push rod (12) comes from a humidity sensor. The humidity sensor is arranged at the outlet of the screw conveyor (2) and is signal-connected to the PLC controller. The inclination angle adjustment range of the vibrating screen (4) is 3° - 30°.

3. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry-wet separation mechanism also includes a plurality of high-pressure nozzles (15) evenly distributed along the length direction of the screen plate (5). The high-pressure nozzles (15) are connected to a centrifugal fan through a pipeline.

4. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 3, wherein: The air outlet of the high-pressure nozzle (15) is an elliptical flat opening. The start-stop frequency of the high-pressure nozzle (15) is synchronized with the vibration period of the vibrating screen (4), and the air flow pressure is 0.3 - 0.6 MPa.

5. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air separation chamber (13) is provided with a light separation air duct and a heavy separation air duct. The light separation air duct introduces a horizontal air flow, and the heavy separation air duct introduces a vertically upward air flow.

6. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 5, wherein: Both the light separation air duct and the heavy separation air duct are provided with louvers (16); the opening degree of the louvers (16) is driven by a rotating motor connected thereto and is feedback-controlled by a pressure sensor in the cavity. The opening degree adjustment range is 0° - 90°.

7. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The blades of the louvers (16) are arc-shaped diversion structures, and the blade surfaces are provided with anti-adhesion nano-coatings. The coating material is a silica sol-gel composite material.

8. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The louvers (16) of the light separation air duct are located on the side wall of its air inlet (17). The air inlet (17) is opened at the lower end of the garbage inlet (18) of the air separation chamber (13); the louvers (16) of the heavy separation air duct are located on the side wall of the air outlet (19) of the heavy separation air duct at the top of the air separation chamber (13).

9. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screen holes of the screen plate (5) are of a tapered structure, and the aperture decreases sequentially from the feed end to the discharge end. The material of the screen plate (5) is wear-resistant manganese steel.

10. The integrated dry and wet waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying blades (20) of the screw conveyor (2) are variable pitch blades, and along the garbage conveying direction, the pitch between adjacent conveying blades (20) gradually decreases.

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