Underground coal fire atmospheric pollutant emission amount measuring and calculating system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring and calculating the emission amount of atmospheric pollutants of underground coal fire, and relates to a system for measuring and calculating the emission amount of atmospheric pollutants of underground coal fire. Comprising a power supply module, a methane emission monitoring module, a carbon oxide monitoring module, a nitrogen oxide monitoring module, a sulfur dioxide monitoring module, a black carbon emission monitoring module and an atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module. The environmental factor acquisition module, the methane emission monitoring module, the oxycarbide monitoring module, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module, the black carbon emission monitoring module and the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module are all connected with the power supply module; the measuring and calculating method of the underground coal fire atmospheric pollutant emission amount measuring and calculating system comprises the following steps: S1, placing the instrument at a proper position, and adjusting a proper sampling frequency; the problem that the atmospheric pollutant emission flux is difficult to measure and calculate due to intermittency and dispersity of underground coal fire combustion is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of atmospheric pollutant emission measurement, and in particular to a system and method for measuring atmospheric pollutant emissions from underground coal fires. Background Art

[0002] Coal, a globally used energy source, often causes underground fires due to spontaneous combustion or other unintended causes during mining. Uncontrolled combustion, whether spontaneous or otherwise, releases a wide range of pollutants into the atmosphere in an unorganized manner. These pollutants range from greenhouse gases to hazardous chemicals, negatively impacting the environment, human health, and economic development. The intermittent and scattered nature of underground coal fires makes traditional atmospheric pollutant monitoring difficult to implement effectively. Monitoring equipment struggles to adapt to the complex and harsh environments of underground coal fires, significantly compromising the accuracy and continuity of data collection. This makes it difficult to provide a reliable basis for subsequent pollution control, environmental assessments, and energy management. Consequently, the industry often resorts to reactive measures to address underground coal fire pollution, hindering precise policy implementation and proactive prevention efforts. Therefore, developing a system that can adapt to the unique operating conditions of underground coal fires and accurately and efficiently measure pollutant emissions is crucial for achieving sustainable development in the coal industry and protecting the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a system and method for measuring the emission of atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires, which solves the problem of difficulty in measuring the emission flux of atmospheric pollutants due to the intermittent and dispersed nature of underground coal fire combustion.

[0004] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] An underground coal fire atmospheric pollutant emission measurement system includes a power supply module, an environmental factor acquisition module, a methane emission monitoring module, a carbon oxide monitoring module, a nitrogen oxide monitoring module, a sulfur dioxide monitoring module, a black carbon emission monitoring module, and an atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module;

[0006] The environmental factor acquisition module, methane emission monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module, black carbon emission monitoring module and atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module are all connected to the power supply module. The environmental factor acquisition module is respectively connected to the methane emission monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module, black carbon emission monitoring module and atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module through signal transmission lines; the methane emission monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module and black carbon emission monitoring module are all connected to the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module through signal transmission lines; the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module is respectively connected to the environmental factor acquisition module, methane emission monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module and black carbon emission monitoring module.

[0007] Preferably, the power supply module includes an energy storage unit, an adaptive voltage regulation component and a control circuit; the energy storage unit is connected to the control circuit, and the control circuit is connected to the adaptive voltage regulation component.

[0008] Preferably, the environmental factor acquisition module is responsible for collecting surrounding environmental data to provide basic parameter support for subsequent accurate measurement and analysis.

[0009] Preferably, the methane emission monitoring module adopts off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy technology combined with a high-speed data acquisition and processing chip to output concentration data in real time at a response speed of microseconds.

[0010] Preferably, the carbon oxide monitoring module adopts the principles of non-dispersive infrared absorption sensor and electrochemical sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module adopts a method combining chemiluminescence and differential absorption spectroscopy.

[0012] Preferably, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module uses the principle of electrochemical sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the black carbon emission monitoring module uses the principle of fusion optical attenuation method.

[0014] Preferably, the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module adopts the principle of conservation of mass.

[0015] Preferably, a method for calculating the amount of atmospheric pollutant emissions from underground coal fires comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step S1: Place the instrument in an appropriate location and adjust the sampling frequency;

[0017] Step S2: The environmental factor acquisition module is first started, and the thermocouple and thermal resistance sensor inside it quickly monitor the ambient temperature, providing basic temperature parameters for subsequent analysis. At the same time, the wind speed and direction acquisition module digitizes the wind direction data and transmits it to the atmospheric emission flux calculation module to provide data support for subsequent calculations to lay the environmental foundation for overall measurement;

[0018] Step S3: After the gas is transferred to each chamber, each monitoring unit uses its strengths to detect different gas pollutants;

[0019] Step S4: The atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module uses the mass conservation principle and combines the corresponding concentration data set and wind speed data set to calculate the emission flux of various atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires, and then converts it into policy units and outputs it to the storage device for storage.

[0020] The technical effects of the underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system and method of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The present invention provides an efficient, accurate and intelligent underground coal fire atmospheric pollutant emission measurement system, which solves the problem of underground coal fire pollution emission monitoring and plays an extremely important role in promoting environmental protection and rational energy utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concepts of the present invention are protected.

[0026] A system for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emissions from underground coal fires includes a power supply module, an environmental factor collection module, a methane emission monitoring module, a carbon oxide monitoring module, a nitrogen oxide monitoring module, a sulfur dioxide monitoring module, a black carbon emission monitoring module, and an atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module. At the underground coal fire monitoring site, the power supply module is connected to all other modules and utilizes an intelligent power management system to continuously power the environmental factor collection module, methane emission monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module, black carbon emission monitoring module, and atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module via circuit connections. This system utilizes a highly stable intelligent power management system that can adapt to the complex and changing environments of underground coal fire zones, ensuring continuous and stable power supply to each monitoring module, regardless of high temperature, high humidity, or areas with strong electromagnetic interference. It also includes a built-in energy storage unit and an adaptive voltage regulation component that work together to ensure stable power supply to the power supply module. The two components are connected in series to the power supply circuit. The energy storage unit is connected to the external power supply, and the adaptive voltage regulation component is connected to the power module. There is a control circuit to coordinate between them. When the external power supply fluctuates or is interrupted, the energy storage unit can intervene immediately and seamlessly connect the power supply to avoid missing monitoring data; the adaptive voltage regulation component accurately adjusts the output voltage according to the real-time power demand of different modules, ensuring that the equipment operates in the best working conditions and reducing energy consumption.

[0027] The environmental factor acquisition module is connected to the methane emissions monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module, black carbon emissions monitoring module, and atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module via signal transmission lines. It is responsible for collecting ambient environmental data such as temperature, wind speed (vertical (Uz) and horizontal (Ux, Uy) wind speed vectors), and wind direction, providing basic parameter support for subsequent precise measurement and analysis. It operates collaboratively through multiple types of high-precision sensors. Temperature monitoring uses thermocouples and thermal resistor sensors. Thermocouples, relying on the thermoelectric effect, can quickly and accurately convert temperature into electric potential difference in high-temperature zones, outputting reliable data. Thermal resistors, relying on the temperature-dependent resistance of their materials, provide high-precision and high-stability measurements in medium and low-temperature zones. The two complement each other, covering the entire temperature range. Wind speed measurement utilizes three-cup and ultrasonic wind speed sensors. The three-cup structure is classic, with rotating cups measuring wind speed, making it simple and reliable. The ultrasonic type, based on the principle that ultrasonic wave propagation is affected by wind speed, has no mechanical components, offers high speed and high precision, and can also measure vertical and horizontal wind speed vectors for all-round monitoring. Wind direction is determined by a wind vane and an electronic compass wind direction sensor. The wind vane is traditional and intuitive, while the electronic compass uses magnetoresistive or Hall effect sensors and circuit algorithms to digitize wind direction data for easy integrated analysis. The two work together to ensure accurate wind direction.

[0028] The methane emissions monitoring module, carbon oxides monitoring module, nitrogen oxides monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module, and black carbon emissions monitoring module independently monitor different pollutants, but are all connected to the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module via signal transmission lines. The methane emissions monitoring module uses off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy (OA-ICS) technology, coupled with a high-speed data acquisition and processing chip, to output concentration data in real time with a microsecond response speed. Gas chromatography (GC) technology, supplemented by preliminary OA-ICS detection, accurately separates and quantifies methane in mixed gases, and finely identifies different forms of methane and their content based on chromatographic peak characteristics. The combination of the two enables full-process monitoring, from rapid rough detection to precise quantification.

[0029] The carbon oxide monitoring module is equipped with a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor and an electrochemical sensor array. The NDIR sensor, with its strong absorption of infrared light at a specific wavelength for CO2, accurately measures changes in its concentration, providing real-time insights into the extent of underground coal fires. The electrochemical sensor provides highly sensitive CO monitoring. Its unique catalytic electrode accurately captures CO signals at concentrations as low as ppm or even lower. A built-in microprocessor intelligently compensates for cross-interference, ensuring accurate CO measurement in complex gas environments and providing a key indicator for assessing the extent of incomplete combustion in underground coal fires.

[0030] The nitrogen oxide monitoring module adopts an innovative model that combines chemiluminescence (CLD) and differential absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). CLD is used to quickly measure NO concentration, based on the principle that the chemiluminescence intensity produced by the reaction of NO and ozone is proportional to the concentration, to achieve nanosecond response; DOAS technology performs wide-band spectral analysis on NO2 and nitrogen oxides in complex atmospheric photochemical conversion processes, accurately analyzing the content of nitrogen oxides in different forms. The combination of the two completely covers the entire process of monitoring nitrogen oxides emitted from underground coal fires from initial generation to atmospheric conversion, effectively overcoming the limitations of single monitoring methods.

[0031] The sulfur dioxide monitoring module uses an electrochemical sensor. This module contains an electrochemical sensor with a sulfur dioxide redox reaction occurring on the surface of its working electrode. When sulfur dioxide gas diffuses into the sensor's sensitive membrane, sulfur dioxide undergoes an oxidation reaction on the working electrode, generating a current signal proportional to the sulfur dioxide concentration. The reference electrode and counter electrode in this electrochemical sensor work together to maintain a stable operating potential and ensure the stable progress of the reaction. The sensor's signal processing unit amplifies, filters, and digitizes the generated current signal to accurately measure the sulfur dioxide concentration.

[0032] The black carbon emissions monitoring module incorporates the principles of optical attenuation. This module collects atmospheric aerosols into a sampling medium through a sampling unit. Using a light source of a specific wavelength, the module attenuates the light intensity due to absorption and scattering by black carbon. Equipped with a highly sensitive light detector to measure changes in light intensity, the module monitors atmospheric black carbon concentration online and in real time based on the degree of light attenuation, optical path length, and light absorption or scattering coefficients, promptly reflecting real-time fluctuations in black carbon emissions during underground coal fires.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module receives relevant data from the environmental factor acquisition module, the methane emission monitoring module, the carbon oxide monitoring module, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module, and the black carbon emission monitoring module, and performs emission flux calculations. The calculation results can be output to a storage device or other related systems. It uses the principle of mass conservation, combined with the corresponding concentration data set and wind speed data set, to more accurately calculate the emission flux of various atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires. The mass conservation model formula is as follows (taking methane as an example):

[0034]

[0035] in: Indicates the rate of change of methane concentration over time, ECH4 represents the emission flux of methane, which is the target value we will eventually calculate, and α is a coefficient related to diffusion, reflecting the diffusion characteristics of methane in the atmosphere. The spatial gradient of the product of methane concentration and wind speed describes the distribution of methane in space. During the calculation process, uncertainty analysis is required to ensure the reliability of the calculation results. The uncertainty analysis formula for the calculated data is as follows (taking methane as an example):

[0036]

[0037] Thresholds are set based on influencing factors such as gas type and wind speed, and an uncertainty analysis model is constructed. If the calculation results meet the threshold requirements, the data is output for the next calculation. Otherwise, the data or model needs to be re-evaluated. After the calculation of underground coal fire atmospheric pollutant emissions is completed, it is converted into policy units (kg / h). The unit conversion formula is as follows (taking methane as an example):

[0038] E′CH4=ECH4*ρ air *H*A*60

[0039] in,

[0040] Where E′CH4 is the CH4 emission in kg / h, ECH4 is the CH4 emission in ppm / min, and ρair is the dry gas density (kg / m3), H is the vertical height of the emission in the first minute (m), A is the area of the arc swept (m 2 )(like Figure 1 ), P is the air pressure during the sampling period (Pa), Mair is the molecular weight of dry air, which is a fixed constant (28.97×10-3kg / mol), R is the universal gas constant (8.314J / mol / k), and T is the air temperature (k).

[0041] When this implementation plan is implemented,

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a system for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emissions from underground coal fires includes a power supply module. The power supply module adopts a highly stable intelligent power management system, which includes an energy storage unit and an adaptive voltage regulation component. The power supply module is connected to other modules to continuously supply power to other modules. The environmental factor acquisition module includes a temperature acquisition module and a wind speed and direction acquisition module. The methane emission monitoring module adopts off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy technology (OA-ICS) in conjunction with a high-speed data acquisition and processing chip. The carbon oxide monitoring module is equipped with a non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) sensor and an electrochemical sensor array. The nitrogen oxide monitoring module adopts an innovative mode combining chemiluminescence (CLD) and differential absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), which includes an ozone generator, a reaction chamber, a photodetector, a light source, a spectrometer and a data processing unit. The sulfur dioxide monitoring module includes an electrochemical sensor and a signal processing component. The black carbon emission monitoring module includes a specific wavelength light source and a high-sensitivity light detector. The atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module includes a storage component and a measurement component, which are gas pipelines and control valves, and a signal processing and control system.

[0043] The power supply module includes an energy storage unit and an adaptive voltage regulation component.

[0044] When the external power supply of the energy storage unit fluctuates or is interrupted, the power supply is intervened to prevent the loss of monitoring data.

[0045] The adaptive voltage regulation component precisely controls the output voltage based on the real-time power requirements of different modules.

[0046] The environmental factor acquisition module includes a temperature acquisition module and a wind speed and direction acquisition module.

[0047] Thermocouples in temperature monitoring components use the thermoelectric effect to quickly and accurately convert temperature into potential difference in high-temperature areas; thermal resistors provide high-precision measurement results in medium and low-temperature areas based on the temperature-dependent resistance characteristics of the material.

[0048] The three-cup wind speed sensor in the wind speed measurement component measures wind speed by rotating the wind cups; the ultrasonic wind speed sensor can measure vertical and horizontal wind speed vectors based on the principle that ultrasonic propagation is affected by wind speed.

[0049] The wind vane in the wind direction measurement component traditionally indicates the wind direction intuitively; the electronic compass wind direction sensor uses a magnetoresistive or Hall effect sensor and circuit algorithms to digitize the wind direction data.

[0050] The methane emission monitoring module includes off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy technology (OA-ICS) components, high-speed data acquisition and processing chips, and gas chromatography technology (GC) components.

[0051] The off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy (OA-ICS) technology consists of a laser transmitter with a specific wavelength, an optical resonant cavity with a highly reflective inner wall, and a light intensity measurement device, which is used to capture initial methane emissions and output concentration data.

[0052] Specifically, the laser transmitter is used to emit a laser of a specific wavelength, which usually corresponds to the absorption peak of the target gas. The laser wavelength will be selected near the characteristic absorption band of methane.

[0053] The optical resonant cavity is a key component in OA-ICOS technology. It consists of two mirrors (or a mirror and an adjustable optical element), one of which has a very high reflectivity, while the other mirror typically has a lower reflectivity, allowing the laser light to penetrate and be received by the sensor. The inner wall of the optical resonant cavity is coated with a high-reflectivity coating, which causes the laser light to reflect multiple times within the cavity, thereby increasing the interaction time with the gas and significantly increasing the optical path length of the light beam during interaction with the gas. This not only improves the light absorption signal, but also enhances the sensitivity of gas concentration measurement.

[0054] The light intensity measurement device measures the change in laser intensity after it penetrates the gas. Since the intensity of laser light absorbed by a gas is proportional to its concentration, the change in light intensity can be used to infer the gas concentration. In the OA-ICOS system, photodetectors are used to receive the light signal after it passes through the resonant cavity. These devices convert the light signal into an electrical signal, which is then processed and analyzed by an electronic system to produce methane concentration data.

[0055] High-speed data acquisition and processing chips are responsible for collecting and processing data from sensors (OA-ICOS) and other devices.

[0056] The technical components of gas chromatography include carrier gas supply system, injection system, chromatographic column, temperature control system, detector, data processing system, exhaust gas treatment device, etc. The carrier gas supply system provides the necessary carrier gas to push the sample through the chromatographic column for separation; the injection system introduces the sample to be analyzed into the gas chromatograph and ensures that the sample is vaporized before entering the chromatographic column; the chromatographic column separates the sample through the interaction between the stationary phase and the sample components; the temperature control system precisely controls the temperature of the chromatographic column, injection port and detector to ensure the stability of sample separation and detection; the detector monitors the separated components flowing out of the chromatographic column and generates signals for quantitative and qualitative analysis; the data processing system receives and processes the detector signal, generates a chromatogram and performs result analysis; the exhaust gas treatment device collects and safely discharges the exhaust gas generated during the analysis process to ensure laboratory safety and environmental protection; gas purification device: filters impurities in the carrier gas to prevent them from affecting the analysis process and results.

[0057] The carbon oxide monitoring module includes a non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) sensor and an electrochemical sensor array.

[0058] Specifically, the non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) sensor comprises an infrared light emitter of a specific wavelength and a light intensity detector. By leveraging its strong absorption of infrared light of a specific wavelength for CO2, it measures changes in its concentration. The electrochemical sensor array provides highly sensitive CO monitoring, with unique catalytic electrodes accurately capturing CO signals and a built-in microprocessor compensating for cross-interference.

[0059] The sulfur dioxide monitoring module includes an electrochemical sensor and a signal processing unit.

[0060] Specifically, the electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. A sulfur dioxide redox reaction occurs on the surface of the working electrode to generate a current signal, while the reference electrode and the counter electrode maintain a stable working potential.

[0061] The signal processing unit amplifies, filters and digitizes the generated current signal to accurately measure the sulfur dioxide concentration.

[0062] The components of the black carbon emission monitoring module include a sampling unit, a specific wavelength light source, a high-sensitivity light detector, and a signal processing module.

[0063] Specifically, the sampling unit is responsible for collecting black carbon-containing aerosols from the atmosphere and transferring them to the sampling medium;

[0064] A specific wavelength light source emits light of a specific wavelength, which irradiates the sampling medium. The light intensity is attenuated due to absorption and scattering by black carbon. A high-sensitivity light detector measures the change in light intensity after passing through the medium to infer the black carbon concentration. The signal processing module converts the detector signal into black carbon concentration data and processes it.

[0065] The atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module includes a storage device and a computing device.

[0066] The storage device is used to store the concentration dataset and the wind speed dataset.

[0067] The computing equipment uses the principle of conservation of mass and combines the above data to calculate the emission flux of various pollutants, and performs uncertainty analysis and unit conversion.

[0068] The process of the method for calculating the emission of atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires of the present invention is as follows:

[0069] (1) First, place the instrument in an appropriate location and adjust the sampling frequency to ensure that a sufficient concentration of atmospheric pollutants can be collected within a sampling interval. Turn on the run button and the gas enters the various chambers of the system through the duct.

[0070] (2) Environmental Factor Acquisition Module: The Environmental Factor Acquisition Module is activated first. Its internal thermocouples and thermal resistor sensors rapidly monitor the ambient temperature, providing basic temperature parameters for subsequent analysis. Simultaneously, the Wind Speed and Direction Acquisition Module digitizes wind direction data and transmits it to the Atmospheric Emissions Flux Calculation Module, providing comprehensive environmental data support for subsequent calculations.

[0071] (3) After the gases are transferred to each chamber, each monitoring unit utilizes its strengths for different gaseous pollutants. The methane emissions monitoring module uses off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy (OA-ICS) to quickly capture initial concentration data, and gas chromatography (GC) technology further accurately quantifies the concentration. The carbon oxide monitoring module uses non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) sensors and electrochemical sensor arrays to perform high-precision monitoring of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, respectively. The nitrogen oxide monitoring module uses a combination of chemiluminescence (CLD) and differential absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) to comprehensively monitor the process from the generation to the conversion of nitrogen oxides. The sulfur dioxide monitoring module relies on electrochemical sensors for precise measurement. The sampling unit of the black carbon emissions monitoring module efficiently collects atmospheric aerosols into the sampling medium. A light source with a specific wavelength transmits light through the sampling medium. Due to the absorption and scattering of light by black carbon, the light intensity is attenuated. The high-sensitivity light detector accurately measures the light intensity change. The signal processing module calculates the black carbon concentration in the atmosphere in real time online based on the degree of light intensity attenuation, optical path, and light absorption or scattering coefficient. The units work together to provide key data support for the accurate measurement of atmospheric pollutant emissions from underground coal fires, and then transmit the data to the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module.

[0072] (IV) The atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module uses the principle of conservation of mass, combined with the corresponding concentration data set and wind speed data set to calculate the emission flux of various atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires, and then converts it into policy units and outputs it to the storage device for storage.

Claims

1. A system for calculating the emission of atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires, characterized in that: It includes power supply module, environmental factor acquisition module, methane emission monitoring module, carbon oxide monitoring module, nitrogen oxide monitoring module, sulfur dioxide monitoring module, black carbon emission monitoring module and atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module; The environmental factor acquisition module, the methane emission monitoring module, the carbon oxide monitoring module, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module, the black carbon emission monitoring module and the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module are all connected to the power supply module, and the environmental factor acquisition module is respectively connected to the methane emission monitoring module, the carbon oxide monitoring module, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module, the black carbon emission monitoring module and the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module through signal transmission lines; the methane emission monitoring module, the carbon oxide monitoring module, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module and the black carbon emission monitoring module are all connected to the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module through signal transmission lines; the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module is respectively connected to the environmental factor acquisition module, the methane emission monitoring module, the carbon oxide monitoring module, the nitrogen oxide monitoring module, the sulfur dioxide monitoring module and the black carbon emission monitoring module.

2. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module includes an energy storage unit, an adaptive voltage regulation component and a control circuit; the energy storage unit is connected to the control circuit, and the control circuit is connected to the adaptive voltage regulation component.

3. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental factor acquisition module is responsible for collecting surrounding environmental data and providing basic parameter support for subsequent accurate measurement and analysis.

4. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methane emission monitoring module adopts off-axis integrating cavity spectroscopy technology combined with a high-speed data acquisition and processing chip to output concentration data in real time at a response speed of microseconds.

5. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon oxide monitoring module adopts the principles of non-dispersive infrared absorption sensor and electrochemical sensor.

6. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen oxide monitoring module adopts a method combining chemiluminescence and differential absorption spectroscopy.

7. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sulfur dioxide monitoring module is based on the principle of electrochemical sensors.

8. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The black carbon emission monitoring module uses the principle of fusion optical attenuation method.

9. The underground coal fire air pollutant emission calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The principle adopted by the atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module is the principle of conservation of mass.

10. A method for calculating the amount of air pollutant emissions from underground coal fires based on the system for calculating the amount of air pollutants emitted by underground coal fires according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Place the instrument in an appropriate location and adjust the sampling frequency; Step S2: The environmental factor acquisition module is first started, and the thermocouple and thermal resistance sensor inside it quickly monitor the ambient temperature, providing basic temperature parameters for subsequent analysis. At the same time, the wind speed and direction acquisition module digitizes the wind direction data and transmits it to the atmospheric emission flux calculation module to provide data support for subsequent calculations to lay the environmental foundation for overall measurement; Step S3: After the gas is transferred to each chamber, each monitoring unit uses its strengths to detect different gas pollutants; Step S4: The atmospheric pollutant emission flux calculation module uses the mass conservation principle and combines the corresponding concentration data set and wind speed data set to calculate the emission flux of various atmospheric pollutants from underground coal fires, and then converts it into policy units and outputs it to the storage device for storage.

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