Method and device for simulating high-temperature wear of surface coating of friction pair of mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanism friction pair surface coating high-temperature wear simulation method and device, and relates to the technical field of data processing, the mechanism friction pair high-temperature friction wear test is carried out, and the friction coefficient, wear coefficient, material attribute and other key parameters of the friction pair surface coating under different temperature conditions are obtained; constructing a finite element model of the friction pair of the mechanism, carrying out calculation and analysis on heat-engine coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism, and determining temperature field and stress field distribution characteristics of the surface of the coating under different temperature conditions; the friction and wear behaviors of the coating considering the heat engine coupling effect under different temperature conditions are predicted, the finite element model is updated in real time, and all results are recorded and stored when a cut-off condition is met; and comparing a prediction result with a test result, and verifying the accuracy of the mechanism friction pair surface coating high-temperature wear simulation method. The method fully considers the influence of the temperature on the coating material attribute, the friction coefficient, the wear coefficient and the like, and makes up the defect that the existing coating prediction precision and reliability are insufficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a method and device for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Aeroengines are one of the core components of aircraft and are known as the "crown jewel" of modern industry. With the continuous increase in aeroengine inlet temperature and the increasingly complex service environment, the wear and failure of friction pairs in their key moving mechanisms have become prominent, posing severe challenges to the high-precision, high-reliability, and long-life service of aeroengines. To improve the performance of friction pairs in key moving mechanisms, advanced protective coating materials are widely used in friction pairs in key aeroengine moving mechanisms, significantly improving the wear resistance, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance of the friction pairs, thereby extending the service life of the mechanisms and effectively ensuring the safety of aeroengine service. In order to develop and design surface coating materials that meet the high-temperature service performance requirements of friction pairs in key aeroengine moving mechanisms, it is necessary to conduct wear analysis of surface coatings on friction pairs under high-temperature conditions and accurately understand how the friction and wear performance of the coatings changes with temperature.

[0003] During high-temperature service, coatings on friction pairs undergo significant changes in temperature, significantly altering their material properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficient, affecting the high-temperature friction and wear performance of the coatings. Furthermore, due to the thermal-mechanical coupling of the friction pair, the friction and wear processes of the coatings are extremely complex and dynamic. Wear alters the microscopic morphology of the contact interface, affecting the distribution of contact pressure and leading to nonlinear variations in the friction coefficient. Furthermore, variations in temperature, contact pressure, and friction coefficient can in turn influence the wear characteristics and significantly alter the wear coefficient. However, existing research on the analysis and simulation of high-temperature wear of friction pair coatings has largely ignored the impact of temperature on the material parameters, friction coefficient, and wear coefficient of the coatings. Simulations of coating wear under different temperature conditions often use theoretical values that have not been experimentally tested and do not consider temperature variations. This makes it difficult to accurately predict the wear characteristics of friction pair coatings and to understand the evolution of coating wear under different temperature conditions. This makes it difficult to develop and design surface coatings that meet the high-temperature performance requirements of friction pairs in critical aeroengine motion mechanisms. To this end, it is urgently necessary to propose a high-temperature wear simulation method and device for the surface coating of the friction pair of a mechanism, which takes into account the changes in friction coefficient, wear coefficient, and material properties with temperature. This method makes up for the shortcomings of insufficient prediction accuracy and reliability of existing coatings, realizes dynamic prediction of the coating wear process, and effectively improves the prediction accuracy and efficiency, providing methodological guidance for coating design, high-temperature friction performance, and life evaluation in fields such as aerospace. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure provides a method and device for simulating high-temperature wear of the surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism. The main purpose is to provide a method for simulating the wear of the surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism under different high-temperature conditions, thereby revealing the evolution law of the friction and wear behavior of the coating surface during high-temperature friction, and providing technical support for understanding the wear mechanism of the surface coating of the friction pair of a mechanism under high-temperature conditions and developing high-temperature wear-resistant coatings.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism is provided, characterized by comprising:

[0006] Obtain the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0007] Based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions, a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions is established;

[0008] Analyzing the thermomechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution, and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtaining the thermomechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0009] Based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions is predicted, and the finite element model is updated in real time. When the cutoff condition is reached, the final wear result is recorded and saved.

[0010] Optionally, the analysis of the thermomechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution, and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism to obtain the thermomechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions includes:

[0011] obtaining a contact stress field of the friction pair of the mechanism under any temperature condition based on the finite element model, and calculating a contact pressure of a contact area of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the contact stress field;

[0012] Calculating the heat flux density distribution of the contact area based on the friction power method combined with the contact pressure;

[0013] applying a friction heat flux proportionally to the mechanism friction pair and the coating surface of the mechanism friction pair based on the heat flux density distribution and the heat flux distribution coefficient, thereby obtaining a thermo-mechanical coupling response state of the mechanism friction pair;

[0014] The thermo-mechanical coupling response state is solved and analyzed according to the temperature-displacement analysis program, and the thermo-mechanical coupling response state result of each first incremental step in the solution and analysis process is recorded and saved. Similarly, the thermo-mechanical coupling response state result of each first incremental step under different temperature conditions is obtained.

[0015] Optionally, predicting the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model in combination with the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under different temperature conditions, updating the finite element model in real time, and recording and saving the final wear result when a cutoff condition is reached includes:

[0016] Reading a target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result corresponding to the temperature condition of the friction pair of the mechanism from the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions;

[0017] Dividing the wear prediction process of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism into L segments, the step length of each segment being the same as the first incremental step, taking the first target response state corresponding to the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result at the middle moment of the kth segment in the L segments as the initial state of the finite element model, where the value of k ranges from 1 to L;

[0018] configuring a mechanism and surface coating contact pair corresponding to the mechanism friction pair in the finite element model in the initial state, and performing calculation and prediction on the thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in a first incremental step time period;

[0019] After the calculation and prediction of the thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear behavior of the first incremental step time period is completed, calculating k+1 as the first value of the first counter;

[0020] If the first value is less than L, the second target response state corresponding to the middle moment of the k+1th segment in the L segment in the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result is taken to update the initial state of the finite element model, and the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the first incremental step time period is calculated and predicted in the finite element model after the initial state is updated, and the value of the first counter is updated to the first value plus 1, and so on, until the value of the first counter is equal to L, and the surface coating wear prediction result of the friction pair of the mechanism after L period of time is obtained.

[0021] Optionally, the calculating and predicting the thermo-mechanical coupled friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the first incremental step time period includes:

[0022] Discretizing the first incremental step time period into T second incremental steps, initializing the initial value of a second counter corresponding to the T second incremental steps, calling the temperature-displacement analysis program to calculate and predict the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the initial second incremental step time period, and obtaining a thermal-mechanical coupling response state result in the initial second incremental step;

[0023] Input the wear coefficient under different temperature conditions into the Archard wear solution formula, read the node data of the finite element model at the second starting incremental step, and calculate the wear depth and wear direction of the node based on the node data. The node data includes the node coordinates, node temperature, contact stress, and relative slip distance of the finite element model. The node data is read based on the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION integrated with Archard;

[0024] Feedback the wear depth and wear direction of the nodes to the main program of the finite element model, move the nodes of the finite element model according to the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler technique and update the node coordinates of the finite element model, and determine the size of the initial value. If the initial value is less than T, add 1 to the initial value as the update value of the second counter, and redraw the mesh while ensuring that the mesh topology of the finite element model remains unchanged to obtain an updated finite element model, and call the temperature-displacement analysis program to calculate and predict the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pairs in the updated finite element model for the next second incremental step time period to obtain the thermal-mechanical coupling response state result for the next second incremental step. The next second incremental step is the second incremental step after the starting second incremental step. The target node data of the updated finite element model under the next second incremental step is read and the wear depth and wear direction of the node are calculated based on the target node data. The wear depth and wear direction of the node are fed back to the main program of the updated finite element model. The nodes of the updated finite element model are moved according to the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler technology and the node coordinates of the updated finite element model are updated to obtain a secondary updated finite element model. The size of the update value is judged. If the update value is equal to T, the friction prediction result of the contact pair in the updated finite element model after the first incremental step time period is recorded and output.

[0025] Optionally, the nodes of the finite element model include boundary nodes and internal nodes, the wear direction of the internal nodes is along the normal direction of the node local coordinate system, and the direction of the line connecting the boundary nodes and the corresponding points in their thickness direction is the wear direction of the boundary nodes.

[0026] Optionally, establishing a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters, and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions includes:

[0027] According to the design requirements of the friction pair and surface coating of the mechanism, an initial finite element model of the friction pair of the mechanism is established using three-dimensional drawing software and finite element software;

[0028] The initial finite element model is given material properties that are adapted to the requirements of any of the temperature conditions, loads are applied, and interaction relationships, boundary conditions, friction coefficients of the surface coatings of the friction pairs of the mechanism, morphological parameters of the wear area, and wear coefficients are set to obtain finite element models corresponding to the friction pairs of the mechanism under the different temperature conditions.

[0029] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a device for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism is provided, comprising:

[0030] An acquisition unit, used to obtain the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0031] A construction unit is used to establish a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0032] an analysis unit, configured to analyze the thermomechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution, and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtain thermomechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0033] A prediction unit is used to predict the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and to update the finite element model in real time. When the cutoff condition is reached, the final wear result is recorded and saved.

[0034] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including:

[0035] at least one processor;

[0036] a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor;

[0037] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor. The instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0038] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions is provided, wherein the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect.

[0039] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method as described in the first aspect above.

[0040] The present disclosure provides a method and device for simulating high-temperature wear of the surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism, which obtains the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions, a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions is established; based on the finite element model and the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, the thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism are analyzed to obtain the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions is predicted, and the finite element model is updated in real time, and the final wear result is recorded and saved when the cutoff condition is reached. Compared with the existing technology, by obtaining the friction coefficient, wear coefficient and material parameters of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions and establishing the finite element model, the influence of temperature on material properties and friction and wear performance is fully considered, which makes up for the defects of insufficient prediction accuracy and reliability of existing coatings. It can realize dynamic prediction of the coating wear process and effectively improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency, providing methodological guidance for coating design, high-temperature friction performance and life evaluation in aerospace and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of another method for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating on a friction pair of a mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 3A schematic diagram of a process flow for performing a thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear simulation by calling a wear subroutine UMESHMOTION according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a high-temperature friction and wear test bench provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a finite element model of a friction pair of a mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a method for determining a node wear direction provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 7 A schematic diagram comparing the wear scar profiles of a coating obtained through testing and prediction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 8 A schematic diagram comparing the experimental and predicted coating wear amounts provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a device for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 10 A schematic block diagram of an exemplary electronic device 1000 provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Numbers in the figure: 401-counterweight, 402-rotating support seat, 403-dynamic force sensor, 404-loading lever, 405-sample fixture, 406-heating element (silicon carbon rod), 407-thermal insulation layer, 408-voice coil motor, 409-base, 410-circulating water cooling module, 411-displacement sensor, 412-linear guide, 413-support seat, 501-upper fixture, 502-lower fixture, 503-grinding ball, 504-coating, 505-coating substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0054] The following detailed description is an exemplary description and is intended to provide further detailed description of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0055] In addition, the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present disclosure and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, such that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein can be practiced in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0056] The following describes a method and apparatus for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating on a friction pair of a mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] In order to provide at least a method for simulating high-temperature wear of a coating on a friction pair surface of a mechanism to simulate the evolution of coating wear morphology, wear volume, wear depth and other characteristics during high-temperature friction, this embodiment provides a method for simulating high-temperature wear of a coating on a friction pair surface of a mechanism.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for simulating high-temperature wear of a friction pair surface coating provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 101, obtaining the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0060] As a refinement of the above step 101, by preparing coating samples, friction and wear tests of the coating under different temperature conditions were carried out based on a high-temperature friction and wear test bench. The friction force and normal force signals of the friction pair interface of the mechanism were recorded in real time using a three-axis force sensor and converted into friction coefficient signals. In order to intuitively analyze the change of the friction coefficient with temperature, the average value of the friction coefficient under different temperature conditions was further calculated. The microscopic morphological features such as wear debris, furrows, and peeling of the worn surface of the coating after the test were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, the typical characteristics of the coating after the test, such as the phase composition, hard phase distribution, and the proportion of each element, were characterized using an energy spectrometer and an X-ray diffractometer. The three-dimensional morphology of the coating wear area, the wear volume, and the depth and width of the wear scar were measured and analyzed using a white light interferometer, and the two-dimensional contour of the wear scar area was obtained. Then, combined with the wear formula, the wear coefficient of the coating at different temperatures was obtained.

[0061] Step 102, establishing a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters, and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0062] Step 103: analyzing the thermo-mechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution, and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtaining the thermo-mechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0063] Step 104 , predicting the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and updating the finite element model in real time. When the cutoff condition is reached, the final wear result is recorded and saved.

[0064] The present disclosure provides a method for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism, which obtains the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; establishes a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; analyzes the thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtains the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; predicts the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model in combination with the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and updates the finite element model in real time, and records and saves the final wear result when the cutoff condition is reached. Compared with the existing technology, by obtaining the friction coefficient, wear coefficient and material parameters of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions and establishing the finite element model, the influence of temperature on material properties and friction and wear performance is fully considered, which makes up for the defects of insufficient prediction accuracy and reliability of existing coatings. It can realize dynamic prediction of the coating wear process and effectively improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency, providing methodological guidance for coating design, high-temperature friction performance and life evaluation in aerospace and other fields.

[0065] As a refinement of the above embodiment, when performing step 103 to analyze the thermomechanical coupling characteristics of the mechanism friction pair based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution and heat flux distribution coefficient of the mechanism friction pair to obtain the thermomechanical coupling response state results of the mechanism friction pair under different temperature conditions, the following implementation methods may also be adopted but are not limited to, for example: obtaining the contact stress field of the mechanism friction pair under any temperature condition based on the finite element model, and calculating the contact pressure of the contact area of the mechanism friction pair based on the contact stress field; calculating the heat flux density distribution of the contact area based on the friction power method in combination with the contact pressure; applying the friction heat flux proportionally to the mechanism friction pair and the coating surface of the mechanism friction pair based on the heat flux density distribution and the heat flux distribution coefficient to obtain the thermomechanical coupling response state of the mechanism friction pair; solving and analyzing the thermomechanical coupling response state according to a temperature-displacement analysis program, recording and saving the thermomechanical coupling response state results of each first incremental step in the solution and analysis process, and so on, to obtain the thermomechanical coupling response state results of each first incremental step under different temperature conditions.

[0066] In order to facilitate understanding of the contents involved in the above embodiment, this embodiment provides an exemplary description, including: performing a state analysis of the thermal-mechanical coupling response of the friction pair of the mechanism. Considering the contact pressure distribution and uniform heat flux density, the thermal-mechanical coupling response of the friction pair is calculated, including the following steps: (1) reading the contact stress field and calculating the contact pressure of the contact area; (2) calculating the heat flux density of the contact area based on the friction power method; (3) applying the friction heat flux proportionally to the mechanism and coating surfaces based on the heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism; (4) using the ABAQUS temperature-displacement analysis program to complete the thermal-mechanical coupling response state solution, and recording and saving the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results of each first incremental step.

[0067] As a refinement of the above embodiment, when executing step 104, the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions is predicted based on the finite element model combined with the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and the finite element model is updated in real time. When the cutoff condition is reached, the final wear result is recorded and saved, and the following implementation methods may also be adopted but are not limited to, for example: reading the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state results corresponding to the temperature conditions of the friction pair of the mechanism from the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions; dividing the process of friction prediction on the surface of the friction pair of the mechanism into L segments, the step length of each segment is the same as the first incremental step, taking the first target response state corresponding to the middle moment of the kth segment in the L segments in the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result as the initial state of the finite element model, and the value of k ranges from 1 to L; the finite element in the initial state A contact pair of mechanism and surface coating corresponding to the mechanism friction pair is configured in the element model, and the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the first incremental step time period is calculated and predicted; after the calculation and prediction of the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior in the first incremental step time period is completed, k+1 is calculated as the first value of the first counter; if the first value is less than L, the second target response state corresponding to the middle moment of the k+1th segment in the L segment in the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result is taken to update the initial state of the finite element model, and the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the first incremental step time period is calculated and predicted in the finite element model after the initial state is updated, and the value of the first counter is updated to the first value plus 1, and so on, until the value of the first counter is equal to L, and the surface coating wear prediction result of the mechanism friction pair after the L period of time is obtained.

[0068] As a refinement of the above embodiment, the calculation and prediction of the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the first incremental step time period includes but is not limited to the following implementation methods, for example: discretizing the first incremental step time period into T second incremental steps, and initializing the initial value of the second counter corresponding to the T second incremental steps, calling the temperature-displacement analysis program to calculate and predict the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the starting second incremental step time period, and obtaining the thermal-mechanical coupling response state result of the starting second incremental step; inputting the wear coefficient under different temperature conditions into the Archard wear solution formula, reading the node data of the finite element model in the starting second incremental step and calculating the wear depth and wear direction of the node based on the node data, the node data including the node coordinates, node temperature, contact stress and relative slip distance of the finite element model, and the node data is read based on the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION that integrates the Archard model; feeding back the wear depth and wear direction of the node to the main program of the finite element model, moving the nodes of the finite element model according to the arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler technology and updating the node coordinates of the finite element model, and The size of the initial value is determined. If the initial value is less than T, the initial value is incremented by 1 as the updated value of the second counter. At the same time, the mesh is redrawn while ensuring that the mesh topology of the finite element model remains unchanged to obtain an updated finite element model. The temperature-displacement analysis program is called to calculate and predict the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the updated finite element model for the next second incremental step time period to obtain a thermal-mechanical coupling response state result for the next second incremental step, where the next second incremental step is the second incremental step after the starting second incremental step. The target node data of the updated finite element model in the next second incremental step is read and the wear depth and wear direction of the node are calculated based on the target node data. The wear depth and wear direction of the node are fed back to the main program of the updated finite element model. The nodes of the updated finite element model are moved according to the arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler technique and the node coordinates of the updated finite element model are updated to obtain a secondary updated finite element model. The size of the update value is determined. If the update value is equal to T, the wear prediction result of the contact pair in the updated finite element model after the first incremental step time period is recorded and output.

[0069] For the convenience of understanding the content involved in the above embodiments, this embodiment provides an exemplary illustration, including: prediction of the coupled thermo-mechanical friction and wear behavior of a friction pair, which includes the following steps: (1) Apply the ABAQUS result transfer technology to read the solved results of the coupled thermo-mechanical response state. Divide the entire friction process into L segments equally, with the counter k = 1. Take the response state at the middle moment of the k-th segment as the initial state of the finite element model; (2) Establish a contact pair for the friction pair; (3) Perform a short-time calculation of the coupled thermo-mechanical friction and wear behavior, which includes the following steps: ① Discretize the entire time into T increment steps, initialize the increment step counter y = 1, and start the ABAQUS temperature-displacement analysis program for coupled thermo-mechanical friction and wear analysis; ② Call the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION to read the node coordinates, node temperatures, contact stresses, and relative slip distances of the finite element model; ③ Input the wear coefficients under different temperature conditions into the Archard wear solution formula, read the node data of the finite element model, and obtain the wear depth and direction; ④ Feed back the wear depth and wear direction of the contact nodes to the finite element main program, apply the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian technique, move the nodes and update the coordinates, and at the same time, redraw the mesh while ensuring that the mesh topology remains unchanged to generate a new finite element model; ⑤ Judge the size of the increment step counter y. If y < T, update the counter y = y + 1 and repeat steps ② - ⑤. Otherwise, the simulation ends, and record and output the wear state W of the friction block k , generate a new finite element model; (4) Update the counter k = k + 1. If k < L, read the solved results of the coupled thermo-mechanical response state in step 5, and extract the response state at the middle moment of the next segment again as the initial state of the finite element model, and repeat steps (2) - (4) of this paragraph. Otherwise, the prediction of the coupled thermo-mechanical friction and wear behavior is completed, and record and save all the results.

[0070] The above-mentioned first increment step and second increment step are determined based on the time discretization steps. In the above content, L and T are obtained according to the user-set solution time. For example: The total solution time is 6 seconds, and the maximum solution duration of a time discretization step is set to 1 second, then the entire friction simulation process is divided into L = 6 segments equally. If the minimum solution duration of a discretization step is set to 0.0001 seconds, then each segment of the friction simulation process after segmentation is discretized into T = 10000 increment steps.

[0071] For the convenience of understanding the above exemplary description, the friction and wear prediction and analysis process of the above-mentioned mechanism friction pair in this embodiment is further described as follows: First, the entire friction process is equally divided into L segments, and the counter k = 1; then the k = 1 segment of time is discretized into T increment steps, and the increment step counter y = 1 is initialized; then the y = 1 increment step is calculated. After the calculation is completed, if y < T, then y = y + 1; subsequently, continue to calculate the y = y + 1 increment step until y = T ends. At this time, the solution of the k = 1 segment is completed, and the counter k = k + 1 is updated; then the k = k + 1 segment of time is taken and discretized into T increment steps, the increment step counter y = 1 is initialized, and the previous solution process is repeated, and the loop continues until k = L.

[0072] As a refinement of the above embodiment, the nodes of the finite element model include boundary nodes and internal nodes. The wear direction of the internal nodes is along the normal direction of the node local coordinate system, and the connection direction between the boundary node and the corresponding point in its thickness direction is the wear direction of the boundary node.

[0073] As an extension of the above embodiment, the method for determining the node wear direction can be divided into two types according to the node position, namely the nodes located at the edge of the model surface (boundary nodes) and the internal nodes on the model surface (internal nodes). The wear direction of the internal nodes is along the normal direction of the node local coordinate system. Since the normal direction of the local coordinate system of the boundary nodes is randomly uncertain, the present invention defines the connection direction between the boundary node and the corresponding point in its thickness direction as the wear direction of the boundary node in the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION.

[0074] In some embodiments, in order to reduce the difference between the surface coating temperature of the mechanism friction pair and the set temperature, the temperature is first heated to the set value, and after stabilizing for a period of time, the friction and wear test is carried out.

[0075] In some embodiments, the established finite element model of the mechanism friction pair includes a complete model containing the friction pair specimen fixture, and the optimizer can adjust it according to requirements.

[0076] In some embodiments, the finite element model of the mechanism friction pair inputs the friction coefficient related to temperature obtained through experiments, that is, the average value of the friction coefficient measured in the friction and wear test at the corresponding temperature is input into the friction coefficient parameters corresponding to each temperature gradient in the finite element model.

[0077] In some embodiments, heat flux calculation is based on the friction power method, which is generally expressed as: Q = f(F, μ, s, v, ...), where Q is the friction heat flux of the contact surface, and F, μ, s, v, and omitted parameters are variables related to the heat flux calculation formula, such as contact force, friction coefficient, contact area, and sliding velocity. The calculation method for friction heat flux and its influencing variables can be customized by the user, selecting from but not limited to existing heat flux calculation formulas. Users can customize or modify the heat flux calculation formula and its influencing variables based on actual conditions.

[0078] In some embodiments, during the friction and wear analysis and prediction process of the friction pair of a mechanism, the optimization designer may introduce an appropriate acceleration factor while avoiding result distortion, thereby improving calculation efficiency while ensuring calculation accuracy.

[0079] In some embodiments, the wear solution formula includes but is not limited to the classic Archard formula and its corresponding modified forms, such as considering the influence of temperature on the wear coefficient, etc. Other wear formulas and their corresponding modified forms can be applied in the present invention, and the optimization designer can select according to actual conditions and needs.

[0080] In some embodiments, the output of wear-related information is achieved by writing codes in an ABAQUS subroutine to draw wear contour maps, contact pressure contour maps, two-dimensional wear scar profile curves, etc.

[0081] As a refinement of the above embodiment, when executing step 102 to establish the finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions, the following implementation methods can also be adopted but not limited to, for example: according to the design requirements of the friction pair of the mechanism and the surface coating, an initial finite element model of the friction pair of the mechanism is established through three-dimensional drawing software and finite element software; the initial finite element model is given material properties that are adapted to the requirements of any temperature condition, loads are applied and interaction relationships, boundary conditions, the friction coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism, the wear area morphology parameters and the wear coefficient are set to obtain the finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under the different temperature conditions.

[0082] In order to further facilitate the understanding of the high temperature wear simulation method of the friction pair surface coating of the mechanism proposed in this disclosure, the following reference is made to Figures 2 to 8 It is worth noting that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Figure 2 The specific steps are briefly described as follows:

[0083] (1) Before the test, the coating sample and the grinding sample were placed in the pre-designed fixture, and the sample position was adjusted to ensure that the sample was stably mounted on the test bench. The oil and contamination film on the sample were removed using dust-free cotton dipped in anhydrous ethanol. The test bench was then debugged according to the test parameter conditions to ensure that the test bench could operate stably under the set parameters.

[0084] (2) During the formal test, in order to reduce the difference between the actual temperature of the friction contact interface and the set ambient temperature, the temperature was raised to the set temperature and stabilized for a period of time before the test was carried out. To ensure the reliability of the test results, each set of tests was repeated three times, and the friction coefficient signal of the interface was recorded;

[0085] (3) After the test, the friction coefficient signals under different temperature conditions obtained in step (2) are sorted and analyzed, and the average friction coefficient corresponding to different temperature conditions is calculated.

[0086] (4) Use white light interferometry to measure and analyze parameters such as the wear scar profile, wear volume, and wear scar size of the wear area of the coating sample under different temperature conditions to obtain the wear coefficient of the coating under different temperature conditions;

[0087] (5) The commercial finite element software ABAQUS and the three-dimensional modeling software SOLIDWORKS are used to establish a finite element model of the friction pair of the mechanism considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect, apply loads, set interactions, constraints and boundary conditions, etc., and assign material properties to the components. The material parameters include the friction coefficient, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, linear expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity corresponding to different temperatures. The friction coefficient is the average friction coefficient corresponding to different temperature conditions calculated in step (3).

[0088] (6) Select the wear area and nodes of the finite element model of the friction pair of the mechanism, write the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION, and input the wear coefficient related to temperature into the subroutine, that is, the wear coefficient k corresponding to different temperature conditions obtained in step (4) i ;

[0089] (7) Select the static general or temperature-displacement coupling analysis step, apply a normal load to the grinding pair specimen in the finite element model to establish stable contact between the friction pair interfaces and output the contact pressure field results at this time;

[0090] (8) Select the temperature-displacement coupling analysis step, apply uniform heat flux density on the coating friction contact surface, simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling response state, and call the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION to simulate the wear stage until the contact state remains relatively stable ( Figure 3 ), output contact pressure field and all thermal-mechanical coupling response state results;

[0091] (9) In the formal friction and wear simulation process, the entire friction process is divided into M time periods. The thermal-mechanical coupling response state at the middle moment of the first time period is extracted as the initial state and transferred to the finite element model. The corresponding wear coefficient is retrieved according to the interface temperature at that moment, and a suitable acceleration factor is introduced. The thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis process of a shorter time period is equivalent to the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear process of the first time period, and the wear state of the first time period is obtained and saved.

[0092] (10) performing the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis for the next time period in sequence, transferring the thermal-mechanical coupling response state at the middle moment of this time period as the initial state to the finite element model that completed the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis for the previous time period, performing the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis for this time period and saving the wear state, and repeating step (10) until the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis for the entire friction process is completed;

[0093] (11) Read the friction and wear analysis result file and extract the results of a certain wear state in the wear evolution process according to user needs;

[0094] (12) Import the wear results into the ABAQUS main program to generate a new finite element model; reapply the load, set the interaction relationship, constraints and boundary conditions, etc.

[0095] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention uses a high-temperature friction and wear test bench as an example to predict the friction behavior of the thermal engine coupling of the friction pair of the mechanism. The specific steps are described as follows:

[0096] (1) According to the actual service conditions of the coating, this embodiment sets the normal load condition to 15N and the displacement condition to 436μm, and conducts tests at room temperature, 200℃, 400℃, 600℃ and 800℃ respectively;

[0097] (2) Place the grinding ball 216 sample and the coating 217 sample into the upper fixture 214 and the lower fixture 215 respectively, and use dust-free cotton dipped in anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and contaminants on the grinding ball 216 sample and the coating 217 sample;

[0098] (3) The loading system applies a normal load through a weight to bring the grinding ball 216 sample into contact with the coating 217 sample. After the heating system raises the temperature in the cavity to the temperature required for the test, the voice coil motor 28 is controlled to drive the coating 217 sample and the grinding ball 216 sample to perform a reciprocating sliding friction and wear test.

[0099] (4) Each test under different temperature conditions was repeated three times. During the test, a three-axis force sensor was used to record the friction force data of the interface between the grinding ball and the coating in real time during the friction process, and a data acquisition instrument was used to calculate the friction coefficient signal corresponding to the interface.

[0100] (5) Replace the new grinding ball sample and coating sample, reset the temperature according to the working parameters of step (1), repeat steps (2)-(4), obtain the friction coefficient signal under different temperature conditions, and calculate the average friction coefficient obtained by repeating each test three times.

[0101] (6) After the test, the three-dimensional morphology of the coating wear area, the wear volume, the depth and width of the wear scar and other parameters are measured and analyzed using a white light interferometer, and the wear coefficient of the coating is calculated;

[0102] (7) Figure 5 As shown, in order to take into account both calculation accuracy and calculation efficiency, a finite element model including a high temperature friction and wear test fixture is established in this embodiment ( Figure 5 ), including an upper fixture 214, a lower fixture 215, a grinding ball 216, a coating 217, and a coating substrate 218. Material properties are assigned to each component according to actual conditions, and loads, boundary conditions, and interactions are set. The grinding ball 216 and the coating specimen are set to face-to-face contact, with the ball specimen surface set as the primary surface and the coating specimen surface as the secondary surface. Binding constraints are set between the upper fixture 214 and the grinding ball 216, the coating 217 and the coating substrate 218, and the coating substrate 218 and the lower fixture 215. The normal contact between the grinding ball 216 and the coating 217 interface is set to hard contact, and the temperature-related friction coefficient obtained through experiments is considered in the tangential direction. A coupling reference point is set at the top of the upper fixture 214. A normal load is applied through this reference point. The upper fixture 214 and the grinding ball 216 retain only the Z-direction degree of freedom. The lower fixture 215 and the coating 217 are fully constrained in all degrees of freedom except for reciprocating motion in the Y-direction (friction direction). The normal load, reciprocating speed, and stroke are kept consistent with the test conditions.

[0103] (8) Select the wear area and nodes of the ball / coating friction pair finite element model, write the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION, and input the temperature-related wear coefficient into the subroutine. In this embodiment, the wear coefficient k i =V / F N S;

[0104] (9) Call the ABAQUS wear subroutine UMESHMOTION to read the contact node coordinates, contact pressure field, contact node sliding distance and temperature results, define the wear depth of the contact node according to the wear formula, and define the wear direction. This example uses the classic generalized nonlinear Archard wear formula, that is, the wear depth The wear coefficient k i is the temperature T i and contact pressure function;

[0105] (10) The method for determining the wear direction of the contact nodes on the coating surface is as follows: The contact nodes on the coating surface can be divided into two categories: one is the nodes located at the edge of the surface, namely the boundary nodes; the other is the nodes located inside the contact surface, namely the internal nodes. The wear direction of the internal nodes can be determined by the normal of the node's local coordinate system. The normal of the node's local coordinate system can be directly read from the finite element analysis result file. For boundary nodes, since the normal of the node's local coordinate system is uncertain, if the same method as that for the internal nodes is directly used to determine the wear direction, the simulation results will be distorted. Therefore, the present invention defines the wear direction of the boundary node by defining the direction of the line connecting the boundary node and the corresponding point in the thickness direction thereof in the wear subroutine UMESHMOTION; in order to facilitate understanding of the contents involved in this paragraph, please refer to the following description, including: The finite element model is a specific mathematical model constructed by applying the finite element method. The finite element method is a numerical analysis method, and its core idea is to discretize complex continuous systems (such as structures, fluids, etc.) into a finite number of simple units (such as triangles, quadrilaterals, tetrahedrons, hexahedrons, etc.). The vertices of the units are nodes. Local approximate equations are established for each unit, and then the equations of all units are combined into a global set of equations. The global set of equations is solved to obtain the unknown quantities on the nodes (such as displacement, temperature, etc.), and then other physical quantities (such as stress, strain, heat flow, etc.) are derived based on the node solutions. The method for determining the wear direction of the nodes in the finite element model is shown in the figure, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, assuming that the wear direction of the model is in the negative direction of the z-axis, node A is an internal node of the model surface, and its wear direction is the opposite direction of the sum of the normal vectors of the four unit surfaces sharing node A. Since the normal angle of the four unit surfaces sharing node A is small, the wear direction of node A is basically along the negative direction of the z-axis. Similarly, the wear direction of the boundary node B is the opposite direction of the sum of the normal vectors of the four unit surfaces sharing node B. Since the normal angle of these four unit surfaces is large, the wear direction of node B deviates greatly from the z-axis, so another method is needed to determine the wear direction. In the patent, a corresponding reference point C is set along the thickness direction of the model, and a vector is determined by the coordinate difference between node B and reference point C, thereby determining the wear direction of node B.

[0106] (11) Output the wear information of the coating surface nodes for drawing the wear cloud map. At the same time, the wear depth and wear direction of the coating surface nodes are fed back to the ABAQUS main program. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler technique is applied to move the contact node positions on the coating surface and update the coordinates. At the same time, the coating mesh is redrawn while ensuring that the mesh topology remains unchanged, and a new finite element model is generated to ensure the convergence and accuracy of the calculation.

[0107] (12) Update the counter i=i+1, start the response state calculation of the next incremental step, record and save the contact stress field and the relative sliding distance of the contact node, and judge whether the contact stress field reaches a relatively stable state. If it does not remain relatively stable, enter the friction and wear simulation analysis and repeat steps (9)-(12).

[0108] (13) Predict the thermomechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the grinding ball and coating friction pair, and extract the thermomechanical coupling response state at a certain moment as the initial state of the finite element model. For example, in this embodiment, the entire friction process is divided into 10 equal segments, and the thermomechanical coupling response state at the middle moment of the first segment is extracted and transferred to the finite element model as the initial state. The contact between the grinding ball 216 and the coating 217 is established, and a thermomechanical coupling friction and wear analysis is performed for 5 seconds.

[0109] (14) During the analysis, the calculation process is carried out according to steps (9)-(11), which takes a long time and has low calculation efficiency. In order to increase the calculation efficiency, a suitable acceleration factor is introduced in the wear calculation. The acceleration factor in this case is 300, that is, a 5-second thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear analysis can be equivalent to a 1500-second thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear analysis.

[0110] (15) Determine the analysis step length t. If t < 5, continue the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis. Otherwise, record and output the contact pressure field results and update the coating wear status.

[0111] (16) Based on the consideration of the coating wear state, the finite element model is updated. The thermal-mechanical coupling response state result obtained is read, and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state at the middle moment of the next time period is extracted and passed to the updated finite element model as the initial state. The contact between the grinding ball 216 and the coating 217 is established, and steps (14)-(16) are repeated to perform the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear analysis until the friction and wear analysis of the entire process is completed;

[0112] (17) Record and save all the results, compare the wear profile and wear volume results obtained by prediction and experiment, and verify the accuracy of the prediction model. If the error between the wear profile and wear volume results obtained by prediction and experiment is within 5%, it means that the prediction results are highly accurate and can be used for the prediction and analysis of the actual friction and wear behavior of the coating. Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown;

[0113] (18) Read the calculation result file of the entire friction process, and extract the finite element results M under a certain wear state in the wear process according to the actual needs of the designer. x At this time, the friction and wear of the coating under the action of the thermal-mechanical coupling field during service has been considered. In this case, the finite element results M at the end of friction are extracted.end .

[0114] In summary, the embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve the following effects:

[0115] 1. The finite element model is established by obtaining the friction coefficient, wear coefficient and material parameters of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions, which fully considers the influence of temperature on the friction and wear performance of the material. It solves the problem that the existing simulation methods ignore the changes in friction coefficient, wear coefficient and material parameters with temperature when predicting wear, making it difficult to accurately obtain wear characteristics. It realizes the accurate analysis of the wear evolution law of the coating during high-temperature friction, makes up for the shortcomings of insufficient accuracy and reliability of existing coating predictions, and provides methodological guidance for coating design, high-temperature friction performance and life assessment in aerospace and other fields.

[0116] 2. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary knowledge such as thermodynamics, tribology, dynamics and damage mechanics, the simulation fully considers the complex thermal-mechanical coupling effects of the friction pairs during service, making the simulation more in line with actual service scenarios.

[0117] 3. The prediction method of the present invention can take into account both simulation calculation accuracy and calculation efficiency. It can greatly reduce experimental costs. The prediction results can provide methods and means for improving the tribological behavior of the thermal engine coupling of the friction pair of the mechanism, accelerate the upgrade and iteration of coating preparation, and thus have more excellent high-temperature chemical stability, thermal insulation, wear resistance, etc.

[0118] 4. Based on the existing commercial finite element software platform, secondary development is carried out on the basis of the main program of the finite element software. Therefore, the present invention is relatively convenient to operate and easy to use, without complicated data transmission and interaction processes, and has high calculation efficiency, which is very conducive to wide promotion to the engineering field.

[0119] Corresponding to the aforementioned method for simulating high-temperature wear of coatings on the surfaces of mechanical friction pairs, the present invention also provides a device for simulating high-temperature wear of coatings on the surfaces of mechanical friction pairs. Since the device embodiments of the present invention correspond to the aforementioned method embodiments, details not disclosed in the device embodiments can be referred to in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be further elaborated in this invention.

[0120] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-temperature wear simulation device for a friction pair surface coating of a mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 9 Shown, including:

[0121] Communication unit 901 is used to obtain the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0122] A construction unit 902 is configured to establish a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters, and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0123] An analysis unit 903 is configured to analyze the thermo-mechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution, and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtain thermo-mechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions;

[0124] The prediction unit 904 is used to predict the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and to update the finite element model in real time. When the cutoff condition is reached, the final wear result is recorded and saved.

[0125] The present disclosure provides a high-temperature wear simulation device for the surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism, which obtains the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; establishes a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; analyzes the thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtains the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; predicts the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model in combination with the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and updates the finite element model in real time, and records and saves the final wear result when the cutoff condition is reached. Compared with the existing technology, by obtaining the friction coefficient, wear coefficient and material parameters of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions and establishing the finite element model, the influence of temperature on material properties and friction and wear performance is fully considered, which makes up for the defects of insufficient prediction accuracy and reliability of existing coatings. It can realize dynamic prediction of the coating wear process and effectively improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency, providing methodological guidance for coating design, high-temperature friction performance and life evaluation in aerospace and other fields.

[0126] It should be noted that the above explanation of the method embodiment is also applicable to the device of this embodiment, and the principles are the same, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0127] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0128] Figure 10 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 1000 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown in this disclosure, their connections, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0129] like Figure 10 As shown, the device 1000 includes a computing unit 1001, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a ROM (Read-Only Memory) 1002 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 1008 into a RAM (Random Access Memory) 1003. Various programs and data required for the operation of the device 1000 can also be stored in the RAM 403. The computing unit 1001, the ROM 1002, and the RAM 1003 are interconnected via a bus 1004. An I / O (Input / Output) interface 1005 is also connected to the bus 1004.

[0130] Various components in device 1000 are connected to I / O interface 1005, including an input unit 1006, such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output unit 1007, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 1008, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 1009, such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 1009 allows device 1000 to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0131] Computing unit 1001 can be any general-purpose and / or specialized processing component with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of computing unit 1001 include, but are not limited to, CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphic Processing Units), various specialized AI (Artificial Intelligence) computing chips, various computing units that run machine learning model algorithms, DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), and any suitable processors, controllers, microcontrollers, etc. Computing unit 1001 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the method for simulating high-temperature wear of surface coatings on friction pairs of mechanisms. In some embodiments, the method for simulating high-temperature wear of surface coatings on friction pairs of mechanisms can be implemented via a computer software program tangibly embodied in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 1008. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed onto device 1000 via ROM 1002 and / or communication unit 1009. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 1003 and executed by computing unit 1001, one or more steps of the aforementioned method can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 1001 may be configured to execute the aforementioned method for simulating high-temperature wear of a surface coating on a friction pair of a mechanism by any other appropriate means (for example, by means of firmware).

[0132] Various embodiments of the above-described systems and techniques may be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), ASSPs (Application-Specific Standard Products), SOCs (System on Chips), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These embodiments may include being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpreted on a programmable system comprising at least one programmable processor, which may be a special-purpose or general-purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0133] The program code for implementing the disclosed method can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device so that when the program code is executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram are implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0134] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, RAM, ROM, EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only-Memory), flash memory, optical fiber, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0135] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback, etc.); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0136] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes backend components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such backend components, middleware components, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), the Internet, and blockchain networks.

[0137] A computer system may include a client and a server. The client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact via a communication network. This client-server relationship is established by running computer programs on the respective computers, creating a client-server relationship. The server may be a cloud server, addressing the management difficulties and limited scalability of traditional physical hosts and VPS (Virtual Private Server) services. The server may also be a server in a distributed system or a server integrated with a blockchain.

[0138] It's important to note that artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of how computers simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behaviors (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, and planning). This encompasses both hardware and software technologies. AI hardware technologies generally include sensors, specialized AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, and big data processing. AI software technologies primarily encompass computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine learning / deep learning, big data processing, and knowledge graphs.

Claims

1. A method for simulating high-temperature wear of surface coatings on friction pairs of a mechanism, characterized in that: include: Obtain the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; Based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under the different temperature conditions, a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under the different temperature conditions is established; Based on the finite element model and the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, the thermo-mechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism are analyzed to obtain the thermo-mechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; Based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions is predicted, and the finite element model is updated in real time. When the cutoff condition is reached, the final wear result is recorded and saved.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The analysis of the thermomechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and the obtained thermomechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions include: obtaining a contact stress field of the friction pair of the mechanism under any temperature condition based on the finite element model, and calculating a contact pressure of a contact area of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the contact stress field; Calculating the heat flux density distribution of the contact area based on the friction power method combined with the contact pressure; applying a friction heat flux proportionally to the mechanism friction pair and the coating surface of the mechanism friction pair based on the heat flux density distribution and the heat flux distribution coefficient, thereby obtaining a thermo-mechanical coupling response state of the mechanism friction pair; The thermo-mechanical coupling response state is solved and analyzed according to the temperature-displacement analysis program, and the thermo-mechanical coupling response state result of each first incremental step in the solution and analysis process is recorded and saved. Similarly, the thermo-mechanical coupling response state result of each first incremental step under different temperature conditions is obtained.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of predicting the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under different temperature conditions, updating the finite element model in real time, and recording and saving the final wear result when the cutoff condition is reached includes: Reading a target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result corresponding to the temperature condition of the friction pair of the mechanism from the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions; Dividing the wear prediction process of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism into L segments, the step length of each segment being the same as the first incremental step, taking the first target response state corresponding to the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result at the middle moment of the kth segment in the L segments as the initial state of the finite element model, where the value of k ranges from 1 to L; configuring a mechanism and surface coating contact pair corresponding to the mechanism friction pair in the finite element model in the initial state, and performing calculation and prediction on the thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in a first incremental step time period; After the calculation and prediction of the thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear behavior of the first incremental step time period is completed, calculating k+1 as the first value of the first counter; If the first value is less than L, the second target response state corresponding to the middle moment of the k+1th segment in the L segment in the target thermal-mechanical coupling response state result is taken to update the initial state of the finite element model, and the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the first incremental step time period is calculated and predicted in the finite element model after the initial state is updated, and the value of the first counter is updated to the first value plus 1, and so on, until the value of the first counter is equal to L, and the surface coating wear prediction result of the friction pair of the mechanism after L period of time is obtained.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The calculation and prediction of the thermal-mechanical coupled friction and wear behavior of the contact pair during the first incremental step period includes: Discretizing the first incremental step time period into T second incremental steps, initializing the initial value of a second counter corresponding to the T second incremental steps, calling the temperature-displacement analysis program to calculate and predict the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pair in the initial second incremental step time period, and obtaining a thermal-mechanical coupling response state result in the initial second incremental step; Inputting the wear coefficient under different temperature conditions into the Archard wear solution formula, reading the node data of the finite element model at the second starting incremental step, and calculating the wear depth and wear direction of the node based on the node data. The node data includes the node coordinates, node temperature, contact stress, and relative slip distance of the finite element model. The node data is read based on Archard's wear subroutine UMESHMOTION. Feedback the wear depth and wear direction of the nodes to the main program of the finite element model, move the nodes of the finite element model according to the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler technique and update the node coordinates of the finite element model, and determine the size of the initial value. If the initial value is less than T, add 1 to the initial value as the update value of the second counter, and redraw the mesh while ensuring that the mesh topology of the finite element model remains unchanged to obtain an updated finite element model, and call the temperature-displacement analysis program to calculate and predict the thermal-mechanical coupling friction and wear behavior of the contact pairs in the updated finite element model for the next second incremental step time period to obtain the thermal-mechanical coupling response state result for the next second incremental step. The next second incremental step is the second incremental step after the starting second incremental step. The target node data of the updated finite element model under the next second incremental step is read and the wear depth and wear direction of the node are calculated based on the target node data. The wear depth and wear direction of the node are fed back to the main program of the updated finite element model. The nodes of the updated finite element model are moved according to the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler technology and the node coordinates of the updated finite element model are updated to obtain a secondary updated finite element model. The size of the update value is judged. If the update value is equal to T, the wear prediction result of the contact pair in the updated finite element model after the first incremental step time period is recorded and output.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The nodes of the finite element model include boundary nodes and internal nodes. The wear direction of the internal nodes is along the normal direction of the node local coordinate system. The direction of the line connecting the boundary nodes and the corresponding points in the thickness direction is the wear direction of the boundary nodes.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The establishment of the finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions includes: According to the design requirements of the friction pair and surface coating of the mechanism, an initial finite element model of the friction pair of the mechanism is established using three-dimensional drawing software and finite element software; The initial finite element model is given material properties that are adapted to the requirements of any of the temperature conditions, loads are applied, and interaction relationships, boundary conditions, friction coefficients of the surface coatings of the friction pairs of the mechanism, morphological parameters of the wear area, and wear coefficients are set to obtain finite element models corresponding to the friction pairs of the mechanism under the different temperature conditions.

7. A high temperature wear simulation device for the surface coating of a friction pair of a mechanism, characterized in that: include: An acquisition unit, used to obtain the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; A construction unit is used to establish a finite element model corresponding to the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the friction coefficient, wear area morphology parameters and wear coefficient of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; an analysis unit, configured to analyze the thermomechanical coupling characteristics of the friction pair of the mechanism based on the finite element model in combination with the contact stress field, heat flux density distribution, and heat flux distribution coefficient of the friction pair of the mechanism, and obtain thermomechanical coupling response state results of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions; A prediction unit is used to predict the friction and wear behavior of the surface coating of the friction pair of the mechanism under different temperature conditions based on the finite element model and the thermal-mechanical coupling response state results under the different temperature conditions, and to update the finite element model in real time, and to record and save the final wear result when the cutoff condition is reached.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that: The computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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