Railway freight train anti-collision device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-collision devices, and discloses a railway freight train anti-collision device which comprises a mounting plate, a motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate, a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, detection shells are fixedly connected to the two ends of the rotating shaft, and detection lenses are mounted on the front sides of the detection shells. The device comprises a detection shell, the two sides of the detection shell are fixedly connected with speed measuring devices, the sides, away from the detection shell, of the speed measuring devices are fixedly connected with a sleeve shell, the inner wall of the sleeve shell is elastically and slidably connected with a moving rod, and the side, away from the sleeve shell, of the moving rod is fixedly connected with an anti-collision shell. The collision end collides with the anti-collision shell and elastically buffers through the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve shell, so that direct impact on the detection shell and the speed measuring device is reduced, the safety of the equipment is protected, the impact of the equipment on external objects can be effectively reduced, and the safety and reliability of the equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-collision devices, in particular to an anti-collision device for railway freight trains. Background Art

[0002] In the modern logistics system, railway freight has the advantages of large capacity, low cost and high safety. Among them, the issue of driving safety is becoming increasingly prominent. Once a train collision occurs, it will not only cause damage to the goods and train equipment, but may also cause casualties.

[0003] Patent publication number CN206317830U relates to a railway freight car anti-collision device, comprising an anti-collision frame, a limiting baffle, and a baffle fixing rib. The anti-collision frame comprises a first impact channel steel and two second impact channel steels, one end of each of the two second impact channel steels being vertically fixed to the two ends of the first impact channel steel, and the other ends of the two second impact channel steels also being provided with limiting protrusions. The limiting baffle is fixed to one end of the baffle fixing rib to prevent the device from rotating. The other end of the baffle fixing rib is also fixed to the first impact channel steel, and the second impact channel steel and the baffle fixing rib are both arranged on the same side of the first impact channel steel. This patent relates to the field of vehicle protection, but the device is prone to causing rapid anti-collision deceleration when protecting equipment, making it difficult to ensure the protective performance of the equipment. Therefore, a railway freight car anti-collision device is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a railway freight car anti-collision device in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a railway freight car anti-collision device, comprising a mounting plate, an inner wall of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to a motor, an output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, two ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to a detection shell, a detection lens is installed on the front side of the detection shell, the top of the detection shell is fixedly connected to a top shell, two sides of the detection shell are fixedly connected to a speed measuring device, the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell is fixedly connected to a sleeve shell, the inner wall of the sleeve shell is elastically connected to a moving rod, and the side of the moving rod away from the sleeve shell is fixedly connected to an anti-collision shell. When scratching or colliding with the device, the impact end will collide with the anti-collision shell and will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve shell, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell and the speed measuring device, thereby protecting the safety of the device itself, effectively reducing the impact of the device on external objects, improving the safety and reliability of the device, and having good energy absorption performance, which can reduce pollution to the environment and reduce energy consumption at the same time; the outer surface of the moving rod is fixedly connected to a moving block, and the upper and lower sides of the moving block are fixedly connected to elastic telescopic rods. The inner wall of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to a pulley, and a convex rod is fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell, and anti-collision shells are fixedly connected to the two sides of the detection shell, and the inner wall of the anti-collision shell is slidably connected to a sliding rod; when the anti-collision shell buffers the external force, the moving rod is driven by the convex rod and the moving block to perform damping, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the equipment. When it is hit, it will absorb part of the impact potential energy and reduce the energy transfer through the damping effect, thereby significantly reducing the vibration and noise generated during the collision and improving the stability and comfort of the equipment operation. Adaptability; the front side of the detection shell is provided with a protection mechanism for protecting the equipment, and the inner wall of the protection mechanism is provided with an anti-loosening mechanism for preventing loosening during protection; the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate, the moving block contacts the inner wall of the sleeve shell, the circumferential surface of the pulley contacts the side of the protruding rod close to the sleeve shell, and the pulley moves on the movement trajectory of the protruding rod, the moving block contacts the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell, the front side of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the rear side of the anti-collision shell, and the anti-collision shell is protected against collision by the inner wall spring of the sleeve shell.

[0006] Preferably, the protection mechanism includes a positioning block, the inner wall of the positioning block is rotatably connected to a two-way threaded rod, the circumferential surface of the two-way threaded rod is threadedly connected to a protective shell, both ends of the two-way threaded rod are fixedly connected to gears, the bottom of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to a rack, and the front side of the detection shell is fixedly connected to a sliding track. When the anti-collision shell is retracted, the sliding rod drives the protective shell to protect the detection lens, which can absorb part of the impact force, thereby reducing direct damage to the detection lens itself, further maintaining the detection lens, thereby extending its service life and improving the protection effect of the equipment; the rear side of the mounting plate is rotatably connected to the rotating rod, the circumferential surface of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to a connecting rod, the top of the connecting rod is hinged with a scraper rod, and the rear side of the detection shell is fixedly connected to a C-shaped rod. When the device is in use, the inside of the device The heat will be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell, and then the scraper rod is driven by the rotating rod to move to clean the heat dissipation holes, avoiding the accumulation of dust and debris that will hinder air circulation, thereby causing heat dissipation efficiency, making the equipment have better detection effect when in use, and improving the overall equipment service life; the rear side of the positioning block is fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell, the circumferential surface of the gear is engaged with the bottom of the rack, and the rack moves on the movement trajectory of the gear, the rear side of the protective shell is in contact with the front side of the detection shell, the protective shell is in contact with the inner wall of the sliding track, and the protective shell moves in the sliding groove of the sliding track, the protective shell is used to protect the detection lens during impact, the front side of the scraper rod is in contact with the rear side of the detection shell, the inner wall of the C-shaped rod is in contact with the scraper rod, and the scraper rod will move along the inner wall sliding groove of the C-shaped rod.

[0007] Preferably, the anti-loosening mechanism includes a sliding column, a card block is fixedly connected to the front side of the sliding column, and a buckle is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding track. When the protective shell protects the detection lens, the protective shell drives the card block to cooperate with the buckle to self-lock the protective shell, avoiding the protective shell from loosening when protecting the detection lens, and can prevent accidental falling off, ensuring that the protective cover is always firmly fixed on the lens during use, thereby providing more comprehensive protection and preventing it from frequently loosening during use, thereby reducing the frequency of replacement and adjustment and reducing the difficulty of maintenance; the rear side of the scraper rod is fixedly connected to a fixed block, and the inner wall of the fixed block is connected to a knocking block through a torsion spring rotation. Plate, the rear side of the detection shell is fixedly connected with an arc rod, and while cleaning the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell, the scraper rod drives the knocking plate to lightly knock on the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell. The light knocking can loosen and remove dust or debris on the surface of the heat dissipation holes, avoiding clogging of the heat dissipation holes during long-term use, which hinders air circulation and affects the heat dissipation efficiency, further improving the overall drying efficiency of the equipment, and making the equipment run more stably; the circumferential surface of the sliding column is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bidirectional threaded rod through a tension spring, the block moves on the motion trajectory of the buckle, the knocking end of the knocking plate contacts the rear side of the detection shell, and the knocking plate moves on the motion trajectory of the arc rod.

[0008] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which can bring the following beneficial effects: 1. The anti-collision device for railway freight vehicles cooperates with the operation of the mounting plate, the rotating shaft, the detection shell, the detection lens, the speed measuring device, the top shell, the sleeve shell, the moving rod, the anti-collision shell, the sliding rod, the moving block, the elastic telescopic rod, the pulley, and the convex rod. When the device is scratched or hit, the impact end will hit the anti-collision shell, which will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve shell, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell and the speed measuring device, thereby protecting the safety of the device itself, and can effectively reduce the impact of the device on external objects, improve the safety and reliability of the device, and has good energy absorption performance, can reduce pollution to the environment, and reduce energy consumption at the same time; when the anti-collision shell buffers the external force, the convex rod and the moving block drive the moving rod to perform damping, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the device, and when it is hit, it will absorb part of the impact potential energy and reduce energy transfer through the damping effect, thereby significantly reducing the vibration and noise generated during the collision, and improving the stability and comfort of the device operation.

[0009] 2. This railway freight car anti-collision device operates through the coordination of a positioning block, a bidirectional threaded rod, a gear, a rack, a protective shell, and a sliding track. When the anti-collision shell contracts, the sliding rod drives the protective shell to protect the detection lens, which can absorb part of the impact force, thereby reducing direct damage to the detection lens itself, further maintaining the detection lens, thereby extending its service life and improving the protection effect of the equipment.

[0010] 3. This railway freight car anti-collision device works through the coordinated operation of a rotating rod, a connecting rod, a scraper rod, and a C-shaped rod. When the equipment is in use, the heat inside the equipment will be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell, and then the rotating rod drives the scraper rod to move to clean the heat dissipation holes, avoiding the accumulation of dust and debris that will hinder air circulation, thereby reducing heat dissipation efficiency, making the equipment more effective when in use and improving the overall equipment service life.

[0011] 4. This anti-collision device for railway freight trains operates through the cooperation between the sliding column, the block and the buckle. When the protective shell protects the detection lens, the protective shell drives the block to cooperate with the buckle to self-lock the protective shell, avoiding the loosening of the protective shell when protecting the detection lens, and can prevent accidental falling off, ensuring that the protective cover is always firmly fixed on the lens during use, thereby providing more comprehensive protection and preventing it from frequently loosening during use, thereby reducing the frequency of replacement and adjustment and reducing the difficulty of maintenance.

[0012] 5. This railway freight car anti-collision device, through the coordinated operation between the knocking plate, the fixed block and the arc rod, cleans the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell while the scraper rod drives the knocking plate to lightly knock on the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell. The light knocking can loosen and remove dust or debris on the surface of the heat dissipation holes, avoiding the heat dissipation holes from being blocked during long-term use and hindering air circulation, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency, further improving the overall drying efficiency of the equipment, and making the equipment run more stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crash shell of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at center A; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the speed measuring device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the protective shell structure of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the card block structure of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the knocking plate of the present invention.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Mounting plate; 2. Rotating shaft; 3. Detection shell; 4. Detection lens; 5. Speed ​​measuring device; 6. Top shell; 7. Protection mechanism; 71. Positioning block; 72. Bidirectional threaded rod; 73. Gear; 74. Rack; 75. Protection shell; 76. Sliding track; 77. Rotating rod; 78. Connecting rod; 79. Scraper rod; 710. C-shaped rod; 8. Anti-loosening mechanism; 81. Sliding column; 82. Block; 83. Buckle; 84. Knocking plate; 85. Fixed block; 86. Arc rod; 9. Housing; 10. Moving rod; 11. Anti-collision shell; 12. Sliding rod; 13. Moving block; 14. Elastic telescopic rod; 15. Pulley; 16. Protruding rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] See also Figures 1-9 One embodiment of the present invention is: a railway freight car anti-collision device, including a mounting plate 1, an inner wall of the mounting plate 1 is fixedly connected to a motor, an output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 2, both ends of the rotating shaft 2 are fixedly connected to a detection shell 3, a detection lens 4 is installed on the front side of the detection shell 3, a top shell 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the detection shell 3, speed measuring devices 5 are fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell 3, a side of the speed measuring device 5 away from the detection shell 3 is fixedly connected to a cover shell 9, an inner wall of the cover shell 9 is elastically slidably connected to a moving rod 10, and a side of the moving rod 10 away from the cover shell 9 is fixedly connected to an anti-collision shell 11; First, the staff manually installs the mounting plate 1 to both sides of the railway. At this time, the equipment can monitor the railway through the detection lens 4 on the detection shell 3, and can also measure the speed of the freight car through the speed measuring devices 5 on both sides of the detection shell 3. When the freight car scratches or collides with the equipment, the impact end will hit the front side of the anti-collision shell 11. At this time, the anti-collision shell 11 will be subjected to the impact force, so it will shrink and move backward, and the anti-collision shell 11 drives the moving rod 10 to move. The moving rod 10 will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve shell 9, so that the anti-collision shell 11 elastically buffers the impact force received, thereby buffering and protecting the detection shell 3, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell 3 and the speed measuring device 5, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment itself, and can effectively reduce the impact of the equipment on external objects, improve the safety and reliability of the equipment, and has good energy absorption performance, can reduce pollution to the environment, and reduce energy consumption at the same time; The outer surface of the moving rod 10 is fixedly connected to a moving block 13, and the upper and lower sides of the moving block 13 are fixedly connected to an elastic telescopic rod 14, and the inner wall of the elastic telescopic rod 14 is rotatably connected to a pulley 15. The speed measuring device 5 is fixedly connected to a protruding rod 16 on the side away from the detection shell 3. The two sides of the detection shell 3 are fixedly connected to an anti-collision shell 11, and the inner wall of the anti-collision shell 11 is slidably connected to a sliding rod 12; the front side of the detection shell 3 is provided with a protective mechanism 7 for protecting the equipment, and the inner wall of the protective mechanism 7 is provided with a useful The anti-loosening mechanism 8 is used to prevent loosening during protection; the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 2 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate 1, the moving block 13 is in contact with the inner wall of the casing 9, the circumferential surface of the pulley 15 is in contact with the side of the protruding rod 16 close to the casing 9, and the pulley 15 moves on the movement trajectory of the protruding rod 16, the moving block 13 is in contact with the side of the speed measuring device 5 away from the detection shell 3, the front side of the sliding rod 12 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the anti-collision shell 11, and the anti-collision shell 11 is protected from collision by the inner wall spring of the casing 9; When the anti-collision shell 11 is buffering the external force, the movement of the moving rod 10 will drive the moving block 13 to move, and the moving block 13 will drive the elastic telescopic rod 14 to move. The movement of the elastic telescopic rod 14 will drive the pulley 15 to move through the elastic telescopic end. When the pulley 15 moves, it will contact the top of the convex rod 16. When the pulley 15 contacts the convex block on the top of the convex rod 16, it will drive the elastic telescopic rod 14 to elastically contract. The elastic contraction of the elastic telescopic rod 14 will damp the moving block 13, and the moving block 13 will drive the moving rod 10 to damp, and the moving rod 10 will drive the anti-collision shell 11 to damp, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the equipment. When it is hit, it will absorb part of the impact potential energy and reduce energy transfer through damping, thereby significantly reducing the vibration and noise generated during the collision and improving the stability and comfort of the equipment operation.

[0017] Working principle: When the device is scratched or hit, the impact end will hit the anti-collision shell 11, which will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the shell 9, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell 3 and the speed measuring device 5, thereby protecting the safety of the device itself, and can effectively reduce the impact of the device on external objects, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the device; when the anti-collision shell 11 buffers the external force, it drives the moving rod 10 to damp through the convex rod 16 and the moving block 13, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the device, and also improving the stability and comfort of the device operation.

[0018] See also Figures 1-9 In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiment, the protection mechanism 7 includes a positioning block 71, the inner wall of the positioning block 71 is rotatably connected to a bidirectional threaded rod 72, the circumferential surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 72 is threadedly connected to a protective shell 75, both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 72 are fixedly connected to gears 73, the bottom of the sliding rod 12 is fixedly connected to a rack 74, and the front side of the detection shell 3 is fixedly connected to a sliding track 76; When the anti-collision shell 11 is retracted, the anti-collision shell 11 drives the sliding rod 12 to move, and the sliding rod 12 drives the rack 74 to move. The movement of the rack 74 will mesh with the circumferential surface of the gear 73 through the bottom, thereby driving the gear 73 to rotate. The rotation of the gear 73 will drive the bidirectional threaded rod 72 to rotate. The rotation of the bidirectional threaded rod 72 will drive the protective shell 75 to move closer to the middle through the thread groove on the circumferential surface, so that the protective shell 75 protects the detection lens 4 and can absorb part of the impact force, thereby reducing direct damage to the detection lens 4 itself, further maintaining the detection lens 4, thereby extending its service life and improving the protection effect of the equipment; The rear side of the mounting plate 1 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 77, the circumferential surface of the rotating rod 77 is fixedly connected to a connecting rod 78, the top of the connecting rod 78 is hinged with a scraper rod 79, and the rear side of the detection shell 3 is fixedly connected to a C-shaped rod 710; the rear side of the positioning block 71 is fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell 3, the circumferential surface of the gear 73 is meshed with the bottom of the rack 74, and the rack 74 moves on the movement trajectory of the gear 73, the rear side of the protective shell 75 contacts the front side of the detection shell 3, the protective shell 75 contacts the inner wall of the sliding track 76, and the protective shell 75 moves in the sliding groove of the sliding track 76, the protective shell 75 is used to protect the detection lens 4 when it is hit, the front side of the scraper rod 79 contacts the rear side of the detection shell 3, the inner wall of the C-shaped rod 710 contacts the scraper rod 79, and the scraper rod 79 will move along the inner wall sliding groove of the C-shaped rod 710; When the device is in use, the heat inside the device will be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3. When the angle of the detection shell 3 needs to be adjusted, the rotation of the detection shell 3 will drive the rotation rod 77 to rotate through the hinge connection between the rotation rod 77 and the mounting plate 1. The connecting rod 78 is fixedly connected to the rotation rod 77, thereby driving the connecting rod 78 to move. At this time, the connecting rod 78 will drive the scraper rod 79 to move through the hinge point. The movement of the scraper rod 79 will clean the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3, avoiding the accumulation of dust and debris that will hinder air circulation, thereby causing heat dissipation efficiency, making the detection effect of the device better when in use, and improving the overall service life of the device.

[0019] Working principle: When the anti-collision shell 11 is retracted, the sliding rod 12 drives the protective shell 75 to protect the detection lens 4, which can absorb part of the impact force and improve the protection effect of the equipment; when the equipment is in use, the heat inside the equipment will be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3, and then the rotating rod 77 drives the scraper 79 to move to clean the heat dissipation holes, avoiding the accumulation of dust and debris that will hinder air circulation, thereby improving the overall service life of the equipment.

[0020] The anti-loosening mechanism 8 includes a sliding column 81, a clamping block 82 is fixedly connected to the front side of the sliding column 81, and a buckle 83 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding track 76; When the protective shell 75 is protecting the detection lens 4, the protective shell 75 gathers toward the middle and drives the sliding post 81 to move, and the sliding post 81 drives the block 82 to move. The movement of the block 82 will contact the rear inclined surface of the buckle 83 through the inclined surface on the front side, thereby driving the block 82 to move. When the block 82 enters the inner wall of the buckle 83, it will be reset by the tension spring between the sliding post 81 and the protective shell 75, so that the block 82 cooperates with the buckle 83 to self-lock the protective shell 75, avoiding the loosening of the protective shell 75 when protecting the detection lens 4, and preventing it from accidentally falling off, ensuring that the protective cover is always firmly fixed on the lens during use, thereby providing more comprehensive protection and preventing it from frequently loosening during use, thereby reducing the frequency of replacement and adjustment and reducing the difficulty of maintenance; The rear side of the scraper rod 79 is fixedly connected to a fixed block 85, and the inner wall of the fixed block 85 is rotatably connected to a knocking plate 84 via a torsion spring. The rear side of the detection shell 3 is fixedly connected to an arc rod 86; the circumferential surface of the sliding column 81 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bidirectional threaded rod 72 via a tension spring, the clamping block 82 moves on the motion trajectory of the buckle 83, the knocking end of the knocking plate 84 contacts the rear side of the detection shell 3, and the knocking plate 84 moves on the motion trajectory of the arc rod 86; While cleaning the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3, the scraper rod 79 moves to drive the fixed block 85 to move, and the fixed block 85 drives the knocking plate 84 to move. The movement of the knocking plate 84 will contact the arc surface of the arc rod 86 through the inclined surface of the knocking end, thereby driving the knocking plate 84 to rotate. When the knocking plate 84 leaves the arc rod 86, the knocking plate 84 will be reset through the torsion spring between it and the fixed block 85, thereby lightly knocking the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3. Light knocking can loosen and remove dust or debris on the surface of the heat dissipation holes, avoiding clogging of the heat dissipation holes during long-term use, which hinders air circulation and affects the heat dissipation efficiency, further improving the overall drying efficiency of the equipment and making the equipment run more stably.

[0021] Working principle: When the protective shell 75 protects the detection lens 4, the protective shell 75 drives the block 82 to cooperate with the buckle 83 to self-lock the protective shell 75, so as to avoid the protective shell 75 from loosening when protecting the detection lens 4, and can prevent accidental falling off, ensuring that the protective cover is always firmly fixed on the lens during use, thereby providing more comprehensive protection; while cleaning the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3, the scraper 79 drives the knocking plate 84 to lightly knock on the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3. The light knocking can loosen and remove dust or debris on the surface of the heat dissipation holes, making the equipment run more stably.

[0022] The present invention provides a railway freight car collision avoidance device. There are numerous methods and approaches for implementing this technical solution. The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Any components not specified in this embodiment may be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A railway freight train anti-collision device, comprising a mounting plate (1), characterized in that: The inner wall of the mounting plate (1) is fixedly connected to a motor, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (2), both ends of the rotating shaft (2) are fixedly connected to a detection shell (3), a detection lens (4) is installed on the front side of the detection shell (3), the top of the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to a top shell (6), both sides of the detection shell (3) are fixedly connected to a speed measuring device (5), the side of the speed measuring device (5) away from the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to a sleeve shell (9), the inner wall of the sleeve shell (9) is connected to a moving rod (10) through elastic sliding, and the moving rod (10) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve shell (9). The rod (10) is fixedly connected to an anti-collision shell (11) on a side away from the sleeve shell (9), the outer surface of the movable rod (10) is fixedly connected to a movable block (13), the upper and lower sides of the movable block (13) are fixedly connected to elastic telescopic rods (14), the inner wall of the elastic telescopic rod (14) is rotatably connected to a pulley (15), the speed measuring device (5) is fixedly connected to a protruding rod (16) on a side away from the detection shell (3), the two sides of the detection shell (3) are fixedly connected to the anti-collision shell (11), and the inner wall of the anti-collision shell (11) is slidably connected to a sliding rod (12).

2. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protection mechanism (7) for protecting the device is provided on the front side of the detection shell (3), and an anti-loosening mechanism (8) is provided on the inner wall of the protection mechanism (7) for preventing loosening during protection.

3. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circumferential surface of the rotating shaft (2) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate (1), the moving block (13) contacts the inner wall of the casing (9), the circumferential surface of the pulley (15) contacts the side of the protruding rod (16) close to the casing (9), and the pulley (15) moves on the movement trajectory of the protruding rod (16), the moving block (13) contacts the side of the speed measuring device (5) away from the detection casing (3), the front side of the sliding rod (12) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the anti-collision casing (11), and the anti-collision casing (11) is protected from collision by the inner wall spring of the casing (9).

4. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protection mechanism (7) includes a positioning block (71), the inner wall of the positioning block (71) is rotatably connected to a bidirectional threaded rod (72), the circumferential surface of the bidirectional threaded rod (72) is threadedly connected to a protection shell (75), both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (72) are fixedly connected to gears (73), the bottom of the sliding rod (12) is fixedly connected to a rack (74), and the front side of the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to a sliding track (76).

5. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rear side of the mounting plate (1) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (77), the circumferential surface of the rotating rod (77) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (78), the top of the connecting rod (78) is hinged to a scraping rod (79), and the rear side of the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to a C-shaped rod (710).

6. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rear side of the positioning block (71) is fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell (3), the circumferential surface of the gear (73) is meshed with the bottom of the rack (74), and the rack (74) moves on the movement track of the gear (73), the rear side of the protective shell (75) contacts the front side of the detection shell (3), the protective shell (75) contacts the inner wall of the sliding track (76), and the protective shell (75) moves in the sliding groove of the sliding track (76), and the protective shell (75) is used to protect the detection lens (4) when it is hit, the front side of the scraper (79) contacts the rear side of the detection shell (3), the inner wall of the C-shaped rod (710) contacts the scraper (79), and the scraper (79) will move along the inner wall sliding groove of the C-shaped rod (710).

7. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anti-loosening mechanism (8) comprises a sliding column (81), a clamping block (82) is fixedly connected to the front side of the sliding column (81), and a buckle (83) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding track (76).

8. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rear side of the scraper rod (79) is fixedly connected to a fixed block (85), the inner wall of the fixed block (85) is rotatably connected to a knocking plate (84) via a torsion spring, and the rear side of the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to an arc rod (86).

9. The anti-collision device for railway freight trains according to claim 8, characterized in that: The circumferential surface of the sliding column (81) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bidirectional threaded rod (72) via a tension spring, the clamping block (82) moves on the motion track of the buckle (83), the knocking end of the knocking plate (84) contacts the rear side of the detection shell (3), and the knocking plate (84) moves on the motion track of the arc rod (86).

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