Laminated glass

Abstract

This laminated glass is provided with a first glass plate having a first surface and a second surface, a second glass plate having a third surface and a fourth surface, and an intermediate film sandwiched between the second surface of the first glass plate and the third surface of the second glass plate, and is characterized in that: the fourth surface is provided with a light-blocking part and an opening part; the difference between the visible light transmittance of the light shielding part and the visible light transmittance of the opening part is 70% or more.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to laminated glass. Background Art

[0002] Laminated glass with a film sealed therein is known. By irradiating the film of the laminated glass with light from a projector, the reflected light from the film can be viewed as an image. In this laminated glass, when the projector is not irradiating the film with light, the scenery outside the vehicle can be viewed through the laminated glass. Prior art literature Patent Literature

[0003] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 6508205 Summary of the Invention Technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0004] When such laminated glass is installed in a vehicle, the law sometimes requires the use of a film with a visible light transmittance of at least a certain level. However, when using a film with a high visible light transmittance, the light will be scattered by the film while passing through it in the presence of external light, such as sunlight. This reduces the contrast between the projected image and the external light, and the legibility of the image projected from the projector onto the film is reduced.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned point, and an object thereof is to improve the image recognition property in the presence of external light in a laminated glass capable of recognizing light emitted from a projector as an image. Technical solutions used to solve technical problems

[0006] A disclosed embodiment of laminated glass is a laminated glass comprising a first glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface, a second glass sheet having a third surface and a fourth surface, and an interlayer film sandwiched between the second surface of the first glass sheet and the third surface of the second glass sheet, wherein the fourth surface comprises a light-shielding portion and an opening, and the difference in visible light transmittance between the light-shielding portion and the opening is 70% or greater. Effects of the Invention

[0007] According to the disclosed embodiment, image recognition in the presence of external light can be improved in laminated glass that can recognize light emitted from a projector as an image. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 2 It is a plan view for explaining the light shielding portion. Figure 3 This is a partial plan view of a laminated glass illustrating Modification 1. Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a laminated glass illustrating Modification 2. Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating a laminated glass according to Modification 3. Figure 6 This is a diagram (part 1) explaining the evaluation results. Figure 7 This is a diagram (part 2) explaining the evaluation results. Figure 8 This is a diagram (part 3) explaining the evaluation results. Figure 9 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation results. Figure 10 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation results. Figure 11 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each figure, the same components are marked with the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions may be omitted. In addition, in each figure, in order to facilitate understanding of the content of the present invention, the size or shape of a part may be exaggerated.

[0010] In the present application, the term "vehicle" typically refers to a motor vehicle, but should also refer to any mobile object capable of carrying laminated glass, including trains, ships, airplanes, and the like.

[0011] Furthermore, a plan view refers to observing an object from the direction of the normal to the fourth surface (the surface on the vehicle interior side) passing through the center of gravity of the laminated glass. The shape observed at this time is referred to as a planar shape.

[0012] In addition, the expressions "upper" and "lower" refer to the upper and lower parts when the laminated glass is mounted on a vehicle.

[0013] The outermost edge of a member is referred to as a "peripheral edge," and a region of the member having a width inscribed in the "peripheral edge" is referred to as a "peripheral portion."

[0014] <First embodiment> [Laminated glass] Figure 1 : is a diagram illustrating a laminated glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 1 (a) is a top view schematically showing the state of recognizing laminated glass from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, Figure 1 (b) Yes Figure 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view along line AA.

[0015] like Figure 1As shown in FIG. 1 (b), laminated glass 10 is a laminated glass for a vehicle comprising a first glass sheet 11, a second glass sheet 12, an interlayer 13, and a shielding layer 14. Laminated glass 10 can be used, for example, as a front window glass for a vehicle. A shielding layer 14 can be provided as needed.

[0016] The first glass sheet 11 is the vehicle exterior glass sheet that faces the vehicle exterior (first side) when the laminated glass 10 is installed in a vehicle. The first glass sheet 11 has a first surface 11a and a second surface 11b. The second glass sheet 12 is the vehicle interior glass sheet that faces the vehicle interior (second side) when the laminated glass 10 is installed in a vehicle. The second glass sheet 12 has a third surface 12c and a fourth surface 12d.

[0017] The interlayer film 13 is a film that bonds the first glass plate 11 to the second glass plate 12. The interlayer film 13 is sandwiched between the second surface 11b of the first glass plate 11 and the third surface 12c of the second glass plate 12. Specifically, one surface of the interlayer film 13 is in contact with the second surface 11b of the first glass plate 11, and the other surface of the interlayer film 13 is in contact with the third surface 12c of the second glass plate 12.

[0018] The outer side surfaces of the interlayer film 13 are preferably edge-treated. Specifically, the outer side surfaces of the interlayer film 13 are preferably treated so as not to significantly protrude from the outer side surfaces of the first and second glass sheets 11, 12. A protrusion of 150 μm or less from the outer side surfaces of the first and second glass sheets 11, 12 is suitable for maintaining the appearance. The first and second glass sheets 11, 12, and interlayer film 13 will be described in detail later.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure (a), the shielding layer 14 is an opaque layer, for example, provided in a strip along the periphery of the laminated glass 10. The shielding layer 14 is, for example, an opaque colored ceramic layer. The color can be any, but dark colors such as black, brown, gray, or navy are preferred, with black being more preferred. The shielding layer 14 can be a light-shielding colored interlayer film, a colored film, a combination of a colored interlayer film and a colored ceramic layer, or a layer with a dimming function. The colored film can be integrated with, for example, an infrared reflective film.

[0020] The thickness of the shielding layer 14, when viewed from above, is, for example, approximately 10 mm to 250 mm, preferably 20 mm to 220 mm, and more preferably 30 mm to 200 mm. The presence of the opaque shielding layer 14 in the laminated glass 10 can suppress degradation of the adhesive (e.g., a polyurethane adhesive) securing the peripheral edge of the laminated glass 10 to the vehicle body due to ultraviolet radiation.

[0021] Figure 1In example (b), the shielding layer 14 is provided only on the peripheral portion of the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12. However, this is not limiting. The shielding layer 14 may be provided only on the peripheral portion of the second surface 11b of the first glass plate 11, or may be provided on both the peripheral portion of the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 and the peripheral portion of the second surface 11b of the first glass plate 11.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1 (a), an information transceiver area 15 surrounded by a shielding layer 14 can be provided as needed. The information transceiver area 15 is where devices such as cameras mounted on the vehicle transmit and / or receive information. The planar shape of the information transceiver area 15 is not particularly limited and can, for example, be an isosceles trapezoid. For example, when the laminated glass 10 is installed in a vehicle, the information transceiver area 15 can be located near the top edge of the laminated glass 10, where it will not obstruct the driver's field of view and will facilitate the transmission and / or reception of information.

[0023] The laminated glass 10, for example, has a multi-curved shape that curves in both the vertical and horizontal directions when installed on a vehicle. However, a multi-curved shape is not limited to a shape that curves in both the vertical and horizontal directions when installed on a vehicle, and also includes a shape that curves in two different directions. Alternatively, the laminated glass 10 may have a single curved shape that curves only in the vertical or horizontal direction when installed on a vehicle. However, a single curved shape is not limited to a shape that curves only in the vertical or horizontal direction when installed on a vehicle, and also includes a shape that curves only in one direction.

[0024] The laminated glass 10 is preferably curved to convex toward the outside of the vehicle. That is, the first glass plate 11 is preferably curved to convex toward the side opposite to the intermediate film 13, and the second glass plate 12 is preferably curved to convex toward the intermediate film 13. Figure 1 In (a), the laminated glass 10 is trapezoidal in plan view, but the laminated glass 10 is not limited to the trapezoidal shape and may be in any shape including a rectangle.

[0025] In the laminated glass 10, the minimum value of the radius of curvature is preferably greater than or equal to 500 mm and less than or equal to 100,000 mm. The radius of curvature of the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 may be the same or different. When the radius of curvature of the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 are different, the radius of curvature of the second glass sheet 12 is preferably smaller than that of the first glass sheet 11.

[0026] In the laminated glass 10, the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 has an opening 16 and a light shielding portion 17. Here, the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 has the light shielding portion 17, including the image Figure 1(b) The case where the light shielding portion 17 is directly provided on the fourth surface 12d, and the case where the light shielding portion 17 is provided directly on the fourth surface 12d as shown below Figure 4 (a) and the like illustrate a case where the light shielding portion 17 is provided on the fourth surface 12d via the low-brightness portion 18 .

[0027] The opening 16 is Figure 1 The area surrounded by the shielding layer 14 in (a) is defined as the area where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 10 is 70% or greater. The visible light transmittance of the shielding layer 14 is, for example, 5% or less. The visible light transmittance can be measured using a method in accordance with JIS R 3212. Furthermore, the information transmission and reception area 15 is not included in the opening 16. In other words, the visible light transmittance of the information transmission and reception area 15 may be less than 70%.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown in (a), the light shielding portion 17 is provided in a portion of the area surrounded by the shielding layer 14. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 2( b ), by irradiating light from a projector 200 disposed on the second glass plate 12 side toward the light shielding portion 17, a driver 300 or the like can recognize light reflected and / or scattered by the light shielding portion 17 as an image. The light shielding portion 17 reflects and / or scatters light from the projector 200 or the like. Note that the projector 200 is not a component of the laminated glass 10.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view illustrating the light shielding portion. Figure 2 (a) is a top view schematically showing the state of recognizing laminated glass from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, Figure 2 (b) Yes Figure 2 (a) is an enlarged top view of the light shielding portion and its vicinity. Figure 2 In (a), 10t represents the upper side of the laminated glass 10 in a plan view, and 10b represents the lower side of the laminated glass 10 in a plan view. Also, straight line S1 represents a straight line passing through point P1 bisecting the upper side 10t of the laminated glass 10 and point P2 bisecting the lower side 10b in a plan view.

[0030] like Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1( b ), the light shielding portion 17 is, for example, formed of a dot pattern with a plurality of first dots 17d spaced apart from one another. In other words, the light shielding portion 17 is a collection of the plurality of first dots 17d. Between adjacent first dots 17d are openings 16, not the light shielding portion 17. By forming the light shielding portion 17 as a dot pattern, light incident on the first dots 17d can be recognized as an image, and the scenery outside the vehicle can be viewed through the laminated glass 10 from the fourth surface 12d side through the openings 16 located between adjacent first dots 17d.

[0031] Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 In the example (b), the shape of each first point 17d is a circle. However, the shape of each first point 17d is not limited to a circle, and can be any shape such as an ellipse, a quadrilateral, or a polygon. The area of ​​each first point 17d is, for example, 0.007 mm 2 Above and within 0.8mm 2 Below, more preferably 0.02mm 2 Above and within 0.5mm 2 When the shape of each first point 17d is circular, the diameter of each first point 17d is, for example, not less than 100 μm and not more than 1000 μm, more preferably not less than 160 μm and not more than 800 μm. If the area of ​​each first point 17d is 0.007 mm 2 If the area of ​​each first point 17d is 0.8mm 2 Then, when the scenery outside the vehicle is viewed through the laminated glass 10 from the fourth surface 12d side, each first point 17d is not conspicuous.

[0032] The number of the first point 17d is not limited to Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) Example. In addition, first dots 17d of different sizes or shapes may be mixed in one row. For example, first dots 17d of two sizes may be alternately arranged in one row.

[0033] The first dots 17d may be arranged in a plurality of rows parallel to the lower side 10b of the laminated glass 10 in a plan view. The first dots 17d may be arranged in a zigzag pattern, in rows and columns, or in other patterns. Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) is an example in which the first dots 17d are arranged in a zigzag pattern.

[0034] The light shielding portion 17 preferably has high brightness. * The value of is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 60 or more, and further preferably 70 or more. By increasing the brightness of the light shielding portion 17, the light emitted from the projection device is easily reflected and / or scattered. Therefore, the recognizability of the light emitted from the projection device as an image can be improved.

[0035] In this application, brightness refers to L specified in JIS Z 8781-4. * a * b * Brightness L in color system * Brightness L * The range is above 0 and below 100. The closer to 0, the darker it is, and the closer to 100, the whiter it is.

[0036] Light shielding portion 17 can be formed, for example, using ink that is nearly white. Using ink to form light shielding portion 17 allows for easy repositioning of its location. The ink forming light shielding portion 17 can be either inorganic or organic. Using organic ink reduces the surface roughness of light shielding portion 17, thereby evenly reflecting light emitted from the projection device. In other words, using organic ink to form light shielding portion 17 improves image visibility.

[0037] Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 In (b), R represents the Figure 1 (b) shows the illumination area where light is irradiated by the projection device 200. Here, the illumination area R is defined by the area enclosed by a triangle or quadrilateral circumscribing the periphery of the light shielding portion 17 when viewed from above. However, the area where the gradient described below is formed is not included in the illumination area R. The illumination area R is composed of the light shielding portion 17, which is a collection of first points 17d, and the openings 16 located around each of the first points 17d. Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 In the example of (b), the light irradiation region R is a range surrounded by a circumscribed rectangle having sides parallel to the straight line S1 around the light shielding portion 17 in a plan view.

[0038] In a direction parallel to line S1, the maximum length of opening 16 is denoted as L1, and the length from the end of opening 16 on the side of lower edge 10b to the end of light shielding portion 17 on the side of upper edge 10t (i.e., the length to the end of light irradiation region R on the side of upper edge 10t) is denoted as L2. In this case, length L2 is preferably less than 1 / 3 of length L1, and more preferably less than 1 / 4 of length L1. By arranging light irradiation region R within this range, the risk of light shielding portion 17 within light irradiation region R obstructing the driver's field of vision can be reduced.

[0039] In the light irradiation area R, the difference in visible light transmittance between the shading portion 17 and the opening portion 16 is greater than 70%. This prevents external light such as sunlight from passing through the shading portion 17 or being scattered at the shading portion 17. On the other hand, the light emitted from the projection device is well reflected and / or scattered at the shading portion 17. Therefore, compared with the conventional laminated glass enclosed with a film, the image recognition in the presence of external light can be improved. As a result, it is also possible to reduce the brightness of the projection device. In the light irradiation area R, the difference in visible light transmittance between the shading portion 17 and the opening portion 16 is preferably greater than 75%, more preferably greater than 80%. This further improves the image recognition in the presence of external light. As a result, it is also possible to further reduce the brightness of the projection device. In addition, in the present application, the presence of external light refers to a situation where the illumination outside the vehicle is greater than 3000 lx.

[0040] If the visible light transmittance of the opening 16 is denoted as a, the visible light transmittance of the light shielding portion 17 is denoted as b, and the light shielding portion ratio is denoted as RSb, the visible light transmittance T of the entire light irradiation area R can be calculated as T = a × (100 - RSb) + b × RSb. Here, the light shielding portion ratio refers to the ratio of the area of ​​the light shielding portion 17 located within the light irradiation area R to the sum of the areas of the opening 16 and the light shielding portion 17 when viewed from above.

[0041] Because the light-shielding portion 17 is formed of a dot pattern, the light-shielding portion ratio can be easily adjusted by varying the density of the first dots 17d. As a result, the visible light transmittance T of the entire illuminated area R can be easily adjusted to meet legal requirements. For example, the visible light transmittance T of the entire illuminated area R can be set to 70% or higher. Conventional laminated glass with a film seal has difficulty adjusting the visible light transmittance.

[0042] The opening 16 preferably has a high visible light transmittance. This allows, for example, the visible light transmittance T of the entire illuminated area R to be greater than 70%, while further increasing the proportion of the light-shielding portion. This improves the visibility of the image emitted by the projector. That is, even when the ambient light is stronger, the light emitted by the projector can be recognized as an image. The visible light transmittance of the opening 16 is preferably greater than 75%, more preferably greater than 80%, and even more preferably greater than 85%.

[0043] Furthermore, the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12 is preferably 80% or greater, and more preferably 90% or greater. By increasing the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12, the visible light transmittance of the opening 16 can be increased. As a result, as described above, the light shielding ratio can be increased, improving the visibility of the image generated by the light projected by the projection device.

[0044] For example, compared to using green glass as the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12, using clear glass can improve the visible light transmittance of the opening 16, further increasing the light-shielding portion ratio. Green glass is a highly transparent glass. For example, the visible light transmittance of green glass is approximately 83% to 88% when the thickness is between 1.6 mm and 2.0 mm. On the other hand, clear glass is even more transparent than green glass, and its visible light transmittance is approximately 88% to 92% when the thickness is between 1.8 mm and 2.0 mm.

[0045] The thickness of the second glass plate 12 is preferably 2.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm or less. Reducing the thickness of the second glass plate 12 can improve visible light transmittance and make secondary images less noticeable. The secondary image referred to here is a double image created by light reflected from the third surface 12 c of the second glass plate 12 and light reflected and / or scattered by the light shielding portion 17.

[0046] The light-shielding area ratio is preferably greater than 13% and less than 50%. If the light-shielding area ratio is greater than 13%, images can be recognized when the vehicle exterior illumination is greater than 3000 lx and less than 20000 lx. Furthermore, if the light-shielding area ratio is less than 50%, even when no light is projected from the projection device, the exterior scenery can be recognized through the light-irradiated area R.

[0047] The light-shielding area ratio is more preferably 18% or greater. When the light-shielding area ratio is 18% or greater, images can be recognized even when the exterior illumination is 20,000 lx or greater. Furthermore, the light-shielding area ratio is more preferably 30% or less. Furthermore, when the light-shielding area ratio is 30% or less, even when no light is projected from the projection device, the scenery outside the vehicle can be recognized through the light-irradiated area R.

[0048] Here, the first glass plate 11 , the second glass plate 12 , and the intermediate film 13 are described in detail.

[0049] 〔glass plate〕 The first and second glass sheets 11, 12 can be either inorganic glass or organic glass. Examples of inorganic glass include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass, without particular limitation. The first glass sheet 11, located outside the laminated glass 10, is preferably made of inorganic glass for scratch resistance and soda-lime glass for formability. When the first and second glass sheets 11, 12 are made of soda-lime glass, clear glass, green glass containing a predetermined amount of iron or higher, or dark green glass can be used as appropriate.

[0050] Inorganic glass can be either unstrengthened glass or tempered glass. Unstrengthened glass is formed by shaping molten glass into a flat plate and then annealing it. Tempered glass is formed by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of unstrengthened glass. Furthermore, in the case of tempered glass, isotropic stress distribution can reduce residual stress.

[0051] Tempered glass can be either physically strengthened glass, such as air-cooled tempered glass, or chemically strengthened glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, the glass surface can be strengthened by generating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface by utilizing the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior, for example, by performing a non-annealing operation such as rapidly cooling a uniformly heated glass sheet from a temperature near its softening point during the bending process.

[0052] In the case of chemically strengthened glass, the surface of the glass can be strengthened by, for example, generating compressive stress on the glass surface after bending using an ion exchange method. Furthermore, ultraviolet or infrared absorbing glass can be used, and transparent glass is more preferred. However, glass sheets that have been colored to a degree that does not impair transparency can also be used.

[0053] Examples of materials for organic glass include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, and transparent resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene.

[0054] The first and second glass sheets 11, 12 are not limited to trapezoidal or rectangular shapes and can be formed into various shapes and curvatures. The first and second glass sheets 11, 12 can be bent using gravity forming, press forming, roll forming, and other methods. The forming method for the first and second glass sheets 11, 12 is also not particularly limited. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass sheets formed using a float process or other methods are preferred.

[0055] The thickness of the first glass plate 11 at its thinnest portion is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less. A thickness of 1.1 mm or more provides sufficient strength, such as stone fly resistance. A thickness of 3 mm or less reduces the weight of the laminated glass 10, which is preferable from the perspective of vehicle fuel efficiency. The thickness of the first glass plate 11 at its thinnest portion is more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, further preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less, further preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less, and further preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less.

[0056] The thickness of the second glass plate 12 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. If the thickness of the second glass plate 12 is 0.3 mm or more, the handling is good, and if it is 2.3 mm or less, the weight is not too large.

[0057] Furthermore, if the thickness of the second glass plate 12 is inappropriate, if the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are formed into two glass sheets with a particularly large curvature, the shapes of the two sheets will not match, which will significantly affect the glass quality such as the residual stress after press-bonding.

[0058] However, by setting the thickness of the second glass plate 12 to be between 0.3 mm and 2.3 mm, glass quality such as residual stress can be maintained. Setting the thickness of the second glass plate 12 to be between 0.3 mm and 2.3 mm is particularly effective for maintaining the glass quality of glass with a large curvature. Furthermore, the thickness of the second glass plate 12 is more preferably between 0.5 mm and 2.2 mm, and even more preferably between 0.7 mm and 2.1 mm. Within this range, the aforementioned effects become more pronounced.

[0059] The first glass sheet 11 and / or the second glass sheet 12 may have different thicknesses at the top and bottom of the glass sheets. In this case, by forming the laminated glass into a wedge shape where the thickness gradually increases from the bottom to the top, a laminated glass for a head-up display (HUD) as disclosed in International Publication No. 2016 / 121559 can be provided.

[0060] Typically, vehicles equipped with head-up displays (HUDs) require a concave lens to magnify the image, or space to ensure the focal length between the light source and the concave lens, in order to display a virtual image. This results in a larger projection device. In one embodiment of the present invention, the image projected onto the light irradiation area R utilizes a mechanism that scatters light within that area, eliminating the need for a large projection device. Therefore, by selecting display content between the HUD portion and the light irradiation area R, the overall projection device capacity can be reduced.

[0061] The outer sides of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12 may be provided with a coating that is water-repellent, UV-ray or infrared-ray blocking, or a coating that has low reflectivity or low emissivity. Furthermore, the side of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12 that contacts the interlayer film 13 may also be provided with a coating that has UV-ray or infrared-ray blocking, low emissivity, visible light absorption, or coloring properties.

[0062] If a film having an infrared cutoff function is provided on the outside of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12 or in the opening 16 on the side in contact with the intermediate film 13, heat insulation properties can be ensured while maintaining a high level of visible light transmittance, which is a preferred configuration.

[0063] Furthermore, providing a low-reflection film in the opening 16 of the fourth surface 12 d of the second glass plate 12 is particularly preferred from the viewpoints of improving visible light transmittance and facilitating viewing of scenery outside the vehicle through the light irradiation region R.

[0064] Alternatively, a coating (e.g., a P-polarized light reflective coating) may be applied to all or part of the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 to increase the reflectivity of visible light. In this case, even when the exterior illumination is high, the overall reflectivity of the illuminated area R is high, improving the visibility of the projected image. This allows the proportion of the light-shielding portion to be reduced, while also improving visibility from outside the vehicle.

[0065] As the example of such coating, the formation of the optical interference film in which a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are alternately stacked can be exemplified. The high refractive index layer is made of an oxide or mixed oxide of Zn, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb or Bi or a nitride or oxynitride of Si, Al, Zr, B, Y, Ce or La, and the refractive index at 550nm is more than 1.8, preferably more than 2.0. In addition, the low refractive index layer is selected from silicon oxide, silicon oxycarbide, aluminum oxide, mixed silicon aluminum oxide, mixed silicon zirconium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride or their mixture, and the refractive index at 550nm is below 1.7, preferably below 1.6.

[0066] By laminating a high refractive index layer of 50 to 100 nm and a low refractive index layer of 70 to 160 nm starting from at least the fourth surface 12 d of the second glass plate 12 , the visible light reflectance can be increased.

[0067] As another coating for improving the visible light reflectivity, there can be mentioned a coating in which Ag or an Ag compound as a conductive material is alternately stacked with a metal oxide or a metal nitride (for example, described in International Publication No. 2016 / 058474 and International Publication No. 2019 / 206493).

[0068] When the first and second glass sheets 11, 12 are inorganic glasses with curved shapes, they can be bent after being formed by a float process or the like and before being bonded together via the interlayer film 13. Bending is performed by heating the glass to soften it. The heating temperature of the glass during bending can be controlled within a range of approximately 550°C to 700°C.

[0069] 〔Intermediate film〕 Thermoplastic resins commonly used for the interlayer film 13 include plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, and other thermoplastic resins conventionally used for such applications. Furthermore, resin compositions containing hydrogenated modified block copolymers as described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 are also suitable.

[0070] Among these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are suitable from the perspective of achieving an excellent balance of various properties, including transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The term "plasticized" in these plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins means that they can be plasticized by adding a plasticizer. This also applies to other plasticized resins.

[0071] However, when a specific object is enclosed in the intermediate film 13, the specific plasticizer may cause degradation depending on the type of the enclosed object. In this case, it is preferable to use a resin that does not substantially contain the plasticizer. Examples of the resin that does not contain the plasticizer include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resins.

[0072] Examples of the polyvinyl acetal resin include polyvinyl formal resins obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal resins in a narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resins obtained by reacting PVA with n-butyraldehyde. Among these, PVB is suitable from the perspective of excellent balance among various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0073] However, the material forming the interlayer film 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resins. Furthermore, the interlayer film 13 may contain functional particles such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, and luminescent agents. Furthermore, the interlayer film 13 may have a colored portion known as a light-blocking band. The coloring pigments used to form the colored portion can be any pigment that is compatible with plastics and whose added amount is adjusted so that the visible light transmittance of the colored portion is 40% or less. Examples include organic pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene, pyrenone, dioxazine, anthraquinone, and isoindolinone; and inorganic pigments such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, chromic acid, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, arsenates, ferrocyanide, carbon, and metal powders. These pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0074] The interlayer 13 may have multiple layers. For example, the interlayer 13 may have three or more layers. For example, if the interlayer is formed of three or more layers and the shear modulus of any layer other than the layers on both sides is adjusted by plasticizers, etc. so as to be lower than the shear modulus of the layers on both sides, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved. In this case, the shear moduli of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.

[0075] The thickness of the interlayer film 13 at its thinnest portion is preferably 0.5 mm or greater. If the interlayer film 13 comprises multiple layers, the thickness of the interlayer film 13 refers to the total thickness of each layer. When the thickness of the interlayer film 13 at its thinnest portion is 0.5 mm or greater, the impact resistance required for laminated glass is sufficient. The thickness of the interlayer film 13 at its thickest portion is preferably 3 mm or less. If the maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is 3 mm or less, the weight of the laminated glass will not be excessive. The maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

[0076] The intermediate film 13 may also be wedge-shaped with a thickness gradually increasing from the bottom to the top. In this case, assuming that a head-up display (HUD) is mounted on the vehicle, the combination of the HUD portion and the light irradiation area R as described above is effective in reducing the capacity of the entire projection device.

[0077] When the interlayer 13 comprises multiple layers, the layers are preferably formed of the same material, but may also be formed of different materials. However, from the perspective of adhesion to the first and second glass sheets 11 and 12, or the functional materials incorporated into the laminated glass 10, it is preferred that the above-mentioned materials account for at least 50% of the thickness of the interlayer 13.

[0078] To manufacture the interlayer film 13, for example, the resin material described above for forming the interlayer film 23 is appropriately selected and extruded from a heated, molten state using an extruder. Extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed, are set to ensure uniformity. The extruded resin film is then adjusted to match the design of the laminated glass, for example, by stretching it to impart curvature to the top and bottom edges as needed, thereby completing the interlayer film 13.

[0079] Laminated glass The total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. If the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be ensured. If the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be achieved while reducing haze.

[0080] The sheet deviation between the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 is preferably 1.5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less, along at least one side of the laminated glass 10. The sheet deviation between the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 refers to the deviation between the outer peripheral side surfaces of the first glass sheet 11 and the outer peripheral side surfaces of the second glass sheet 12 when viewed from above.

[0081] If the deviation between the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 is 1.5 mm or less on at least one side of the laminated glass 10, it is advantageous in terms of not impairing the appearance. If the deviation between the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 is 1.0 mm or less on at least one side of the laminated glass 10, it is even more advantageous in terms of not impairing the appearance.

[0082] [Method for manufacturing laminated glass] When manufacturing the laminated glass 10, first, the shielding layer 14 is formed on the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12. However, the shielding layer 14 can be formed as needed. Figure 1 The following description will be given taking as an example the case where the shielding layer 14 is formed on the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 as shown in (b).

[0083] The shielding layer 14 can be formed, for example, using an inorganic ink containing a black pigment and fusible glass frit, i.e., a ceramic paste. Specifically, the shielding layer 14 can be formed by applying the ceramic paste to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or the like and then firing the ceramic paste. In this case, the shielding layer 14 can be formed before the second glass plate 12 is bent.

[0084] Next, the first and second glass sheets 11, 12 are bent into desired shapes predetermined by design drawings or CAD data. The first and second glass sheets 11, 12 can be bent using, for example, a gravity forming method, in which the glass sheets are placed on a ring die, passed through a heating furnace, heated and softened, and then bent into the desired shape by gravity. Alternatively, a press forming method can be used, in which the glass sheets are sandwiched between a male and female molds and press-formed.

[0085] As another method of forming the shielding layer 14, an organic ink containing a black or dark pigment can be applied to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or the like and then dried to form the shielding layer 14. In this case, the shielding layer 14 can be formed after the second glass plate 12 is bent.

[0086] When the second glass sheet 12 with the shielding layer 14 formed using an inorganic ink is bent, residual stress increases in the area near the shielding layer 14. This is because, during annealing after bending the second glass sheet 12, the area with the shielding layer 14 cools more slowly than the area without the shielding layer 14. Consequently, deformation caused by residual stress is noticeable in the area near the shielding layer 14. Forming the shielding layer 14 using an organic ink after bending the second glass sheet 12 can reduce deformation caused by residual stress.

[0087] Next, an organic ink serving as the light-shielding portion 17 is applied to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or the like in a dotted pattern, and the ink is dried to form the light-shielding portion 17. Alternatively, the light-shielding portion 17 may be formed using an inorganic ink. When using an inorganic ink, the light-shielding portion 17 may be applied to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or the like in a dotted pattern, and then fired to form the light-shielding portion 17 before the second glass plate 12 is bent.

[0088] Next, the interlayer film 13 is sandwiched between the first glass sheet 11 and the second glass sheet 12 to form a laminate. This laminate is then placed in, for example, a rubber bag, a rubber chamber, or a resin bag, and pressure-bonded in a vacuum controlled within a gauge pressure range of -100 kPa to -65 kPa and a temperature controlled within a range of approximately 70°C to 110°C. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, and lamination method can be appropriately selected.

[0089] Furthermore, by performing a heat-and-pressurization bonding process under conditions such as a temperature controlled within a range of 100°C to 150°C and an absolute pressure controlled within a range of 0.6 MPa to 1.5 MPa, a laminated glass 10 with even greater durability can be obtained. However, in some cases, this heat-and-pressurization process may not be used in consideration of process simplification or the properties of the material enclosed in the laminated glass 10.

[0090] When manufacturing laminated glass 10, a method known as "cold bending" can be used, in which one or both of the first and second glass sheets 11, 12 are joined while elastically deformed. Cold bending can be achieved using a laminate consisting of the first glass sheet 11, the interlayer 13, and the second glass sheet 12, secured temporarily with tape or other means, along with conventionally known pre-compression bonding devices such as nip rollers, rubber bags, and rubber chambers, and an autoclave.

[0091] Without prejudice to the effects of the present application, in addition to the interlayer film 13, films and devices having functions such as electric heating lines, infrared reflection, infrared blocking, luminescence, power generation, dimming, touch screen, visible light reflection, visible light attenuation, scattering, decoration, and absorption may be provided between the first and second glass sheets 11 and 12. In particular, when a dimming film is provided, by controlling the dimming mode between a light-transmitting mode and a light-blocking mode, and thereby controlling the transmittance between these modes, it is helpful to improve visibility by utilizing the contrast with the light-shielding portion. Furthermore, films having functions such as anti-fog, water-repellent, heat-insulating, and low-reflection may also be provided on the surface of the laminated glass 10. Furthermore, films having functions such as heat insulation and heating may also be provided on the second surface 11b of the first glass sheet 11 or the fourth principal surface 12d of the second glass sheet 12.

[0092] If a film having an infrared cutoff function is provided in the opening 16 between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 , heat shielding properties can be ensured while maintaining visible light transmittance at a high level, which is a particularly preferred configuration.

[0093] <Variation 1> Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a partial top view of a laminated glass according to Modification Example 1. Figure 3 As shown, in the laminated glass 10 , the density of the first points 17 d can be changed according to different locations to form a gradient pattern.

[0094] Figure 3 In the example shown, the plurality of first dots 17d constituting the light-shielding portion 17 have a uniform density within a first region 17a located on the lower side 10b of the laminated glass 10. In contrast, within a second region 17b located above and adjacent to the first region 17a, the density of the first dots 17d is adjusted to become less dense as the distance from the first region 17a increases, forming a gradient pattern.

[0095] By forming Figure 3 The gradient pattern shown in the example can make the boundary between the light shielding portion 17 and the opening portion 16 located above the light shielding portion 17 less noticeable. Not only the area adjacent to the upper side of the first area 17a, but also the area adjacent to the right side, the area adjacent to the left side, and / or the area adjacent to the bottom side of the first area 17a can have a gradient pattern. Figure 3 In this case, the first area 17a becomes the light irradiation area R.

[0096] <Variation 2> Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a laminated glass illustrating Modification 2. Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 (b) is a partial cross-sectional view of the light shielding portion and its vicinity. Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 In (b), a low-brightness portion 18 is provided closer to the first glass plate 11 than the light-shielding portion 17. The low-brightness portion 18 is formed, for example, by a dot pattern having a plurality of second dots 18d arranged at intervals. In other words, the low-brightness portion 18 is a collection of the plurality of second dots 18d.

[0097] In this application, the low brightness portion refers to L * a * b * Brightness L in color system * The value of is less than 30. In the low brightness portion 18, the brightness L * The value of is preferably below 25.

[0098] Specifically, in Figure 4In the example shown in (a), each second dot 18d constituting the low brightness portion 18 is provided on the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12. Furthermore, each first dot 17d constituting the light shielding portion 17 is stacked on the side of each second dot 18d opposite to the fourth surface 12d. Figure 4 In the example shown in (b), the second dots 18 d constituting the low brightness portion 18 are provided on the second surface 11 b of the first glass plate 11 , and the first dots 17 d constituting the light shielding portion 17 are provided on the fourth surface 12 d of the second glass plate 12 . Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 In (b), each second point 18d is arranged at a position overlapping with each first point 17d in a plan view.

[0099] Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 In (b), the area of ​​each first point 17d is preferably equal to or smaller than the area of ​​the second point 18d that overlaps it in a plan view. In the example shown in the figure, the area of ​​each first point 17d is equal to the area of ​​the second point 18d that overlaps it in a plan view.

[0100] The low brightness portion 18 can be formed on the second surface 11b of the first glass plate 11 or the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 using, for example, the inorganic ink or organic ink mentioned as the material of the shielding layer 14 in the description of the method for manufacturing laminated glass.

[0101] For example, when inorganic ink is used as the material for the low-brightness portion 18 and formed on the same surface of the shielding layer 14, the low-brightness portion 18 can be formed by applying the inorganic ink that will become the shielding layer 14 and also applying the inorganic ink that will become the low-brightness portion 18, and firing the ink simultaneously with the shielding layer 14. This step is performed before the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are bent.

[0102] When using an organic ink as the material for the low-brightness portion 18, the organic ink forming the low-brightness portion 18 is applied to the second surface 11b of the first glass plate 11 or the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or the like, and then dried to form the low-brightness portion 18. This process is performed after the first and second glass plates 11 and 12 are bent. Using an organic ink as the material for the low-brightness portion 18 reduces deformation caused by residual stress in the opening 16 near the low-brightness portion 18, similar to the case of the shielding layer 14.

[0103] When laminating the light-shielding portion 17 with inorganic ink on the low-brightness portion 18 formed of inorganic ink, first, the inorganic ink forming the low-brightness portion 18 is applied to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or other means, and then heated and dried under conditions controlled within a temperature range of 150°C to 200°C. Then, the inorganic ink forming the light-shielding portion 17 is applied to the low-brightness portion 18 by screen printing or other means, and then heated and dried under the above conditions. Alternatively, the inorganic ink forming the low-brightness portion 18 is applied to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or other means, and then the inorganic ink forming the light-shielding portion 17 is applied to the low-brightness portion 18 by screen printing or other means, and both inorganic inks are heated and dried simultaneously under the above conditions. These steps are performed before the first and second glass plates 11 and 12 are bent.

[0104] Figure 4 In the example shown in (a), when laminating the light-shielding portion 17 with an organic ink on the low-brightness portion 18 formed of an inorganic ink, first, the inorganic ink forming the low-brightness portion 18 is applied to the fourth surface 12d of the second glass plate 12 by screen printing or the like and fired. Then, the second glass plate 12 with the low-brightness portion 18 formed thereon is bent. Then, the organic ink forming the light-shielding portion 17 is applied to the low-brightness portion 18 by screen printing or the like and dried to form the light-shielding portion 17.

[0105] When the light-shielding portion 17 is laminated with organic ink on the low-brightness portion 18 formed of organic ink, after the second glass plate 12 is bent, the organic ink to be the low-brightness portion 18 is applied by screen printing or the like, and dried to form the low-brightness portion 18. Thereafter, the organic ink to be the light-shielding portion 17 is applied by screen printing or the like on the low-brightness portion 18, and dried to form the light-shielding portion 17.

[0106] Thus, the second points 18d are arranged closer to the first glass sheet 11 than the first points 17d, overlapping with the first points 17d when viewed from above. The area of ​​each first point 17d is preferably equal to or smaller than the area of ​​the overlapping second points 18d when viewed from above. This improves the aesthetic appearance when viewed from the first surface 11a of the first glass sheet 11. Specifically, when the laminated glass 10 is mounted on a vehicle, even when viewed from the vehicle's exterior (the first surface 11a of the first glass sheet 11), the light-shielding portions 17, which are high-brightness portions, are not visible, and only the low-brightness portions 18 are visible. Due to their low brightness, the low-brightness portions 18 absorb most of the incident light even when illuminated by sunlight, making them less visible from the vehicle's exterior. As a result, the aesthetic appearance when viewed from the vehicle's exterior is improved compared to a case where the light-shielding portions 17, which are high-brightness portions, are visible from the vehicle's exterior without the low-brightness portions 18. In addition, the positional deviation between the first point 17d and the second point 18d that overlap in a plan view can be reduced. Figure 4(a) The aspect ratio shown Figure 4 The form of (b) is more favorable.

[0107] <Variation 3> Figure 5 : is a diagram illustrating a laminated glass according to Modification 3. In detail, Figure 5 (a) is a partial top view of the light shielding portion and its vicinity. Figure 5 (b) Yes Figure 5 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view along line BB.

[0108] Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 (b) and Figure 4 (a) Similarly, each second point 18d is set at a position overlapping with each first point 17d in a plan view. However, Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 (b) and Figure 4 (a) The difference is that the area of ​​the light shielding portion 17 in a plan view is smaller than the area of ​​the low brightness portion 18. That is, the area of ​​each first point 17d in a plan view is smaller than the area of ​​each second point 18d.

[0109] By making the area of ​​each first point 17d smaller than the area of ​​each second point 18d, the low-brightness portion 18 can be more reliably identified when the laminated glass 10 is mounted on a vehicle and viewed from the outside of the vehicle. This is effective, for example, when there is a positional misalignment between the center of the first point 17d and the center of the second point 18d due to manufacturing variations.

[0110] The area of ​​each first point 17d is preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 times the area of ​​the second point 18d that overlaps when viewed from above, and less than or equal to the area of ​​the second point 18d that overlaps when viewed from above. By ensuring that the area of ​​each first point 17d is not too small, the recognizability of the light emitted from the projection device as an image can be ensured. Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 In (b), an example is shown in which the second point 18 d is provided on the fourth surface 12 d of the second glass plate 12 , but the second point 18 d may also be provided on the second surface 11 b of the first glass plate 11 .

[0111] <Example> Examples and comparative examples are described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Examples 1 to 5 and 11 to 32 are examples, and Examples 6 to 10 are comparative examples.

[0112] (Example 1~Example 5) In Examples 1 to 5, the overall visible light transmittance T was designed to be 70%, and the Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) Laminated glass with the structure shown. In this case, a transparent interlayer with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a visible light transmittance of 97% was used as the interlayer. Light was then projected onto the light-irradiated area R of the manufactured laminated glass, and the image visibility and visibility from outside the vehicle were evaluated by visual inspection. The light-shielding portion was a dot pattern in which each first point had a circular shape.

[0113] [Example 1] In Example 1, green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm and a visible light transmittance of 86% was used as the first and second glass sheets. Furthermore, the light-shielding portion ratio RSb in the light-irradiated region R was 13%. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a of the opening was 80%, and the visible light transmittance b of the light-shielding portion was 0%.

[0114] [Example 2] In Example 2, green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm and a visible light transmittance of 87% was used as the first and second glass sheets. Furthermore, the light-shielding portion ratio RSb in the light-irradiated region R was 14%. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a in the opening was 81%, and the visible light transmittance b in the light-shielding portion was 0%.

[0115] [Example 3] In Example 3, clear glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm and a visible light transmittance of 92% was used as the first and second glass sheets. Furthermore, the light-shielding portion ratio RSb in the light-irradiated region R was 21%. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a in the opening was 89%, while the visible light transmittance b in the light-shielding portion was 0%.

[0116] [Example 4] In Example 4, clear glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm and a visible light transmittance of 92% was used as the first and second glass sheets. Furthermore, the light-shielding portion ratio RSb in the light-irradiated region R was 22%. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a of the opening was 90%, and the visible light transmittance b of the light-shielding portion was 0%.

[0117] [Example 5] In Example 5, the first glass sheet used was clear glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm and a visible light transmittance of 92%. The second glass sheet used was green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm and a visible light transmittance of 87%. Furthermore, within the illuminated region R, the light-shielding portion ratio RSb was 18%. Within the illuminated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a of the opening was 85%, while the visible light transmittance b of the light-shielding portion was 0%.

[0118] (Example 6~Example 10) In Examples 6 to 10, laminated glass was manufactured with a design to achieve an overall visible light transmittance T of 70%. However, unlike Examples 1 to 5, a light-shielding portion was not provided on the fourth surface of the second glass sheet. Instead, a film was embedded within the interlayer to serve as the light-shielding portion. Therefore, the light-shielding portion ratio RSb in the light-irradiated area R was 100%. The light-irradiated area R of the manufactured laminated glass was then illuminated from a projector, and the image visibility and visibility from outside the vehicle were evaluated by visual inspection.

[0119] [Example 6] The first and second glass sheets, as well as the interlayer film, were the same as in Example 1. Furthermore, a film having a visible light transmittance of 88% was used as a standalone film. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a at the opening was 80%, and the visible light transmittance b at the light-shielding region was 70%. In Examples 6 to 10, the visible light transmittance a at the opening refers to the visible light transmittance of the region of the laminated glass not enclosed by the film.

[0120] [Example 7] The first and second glass sheets, as well as the interlayer film, were identical to those in Example 2. A film having a visible light transmittance of 86% was used. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a at the opening was 81%, and the visible light transmittance b at the light-shielding region was 70%.

[0121] [Example 8] The first and second glass sheets, as well as the interlayer film, were identical to those in Example 3. A film having a visible light transmittance of 79% was used. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a at the opening was 89%, and the visible light transmittance b at the light-shielding region was 70%.

[0122] [Example 9] The first and second glass sheets, as well as the interlayer film, were the same as in Example 4. A film having a visible light transmittance of 78% was used. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a was 90% at the opening and the visible light transmittance b was 70% at the light-shielding region.

[0123] [Example 10] The first and second glass sheets, as well as the interlayer film, were the same as in Example 5. A film having a visible light transmittance of 82% was used as a single film. In the light-irradiated region R of the resulting laminated glass, the visible light transmittance a was 85% at the opening and 70% at the light-shielding region.

[0124] (Example 11~Example 15) In Examples 11 to 15, the overall visible light transmittance T was designed to reach 50%, and the preparation Figure 1(a) and Figure 1 (b) Laminated glass with the structure shown. However, in Examples 11 to 15, the legal requirement is that the light irradiation area R not be located in the area with a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. The manufactured laminated glass was then illuminated with light from a projector onto the light irradiation area R, and the image visibility and visibility from outside the vehicle were evaluated by visual inspection. The light-shielding portion was a dot pattern in which each first point was circular.

[0125] [Example 11] Example 11 is the same as Example 1 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 38%.

[0126] [Example 12] Example 12 is the same as Example 2 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 38%.

[0127] [Example 13] Example 13 is the same as Example 3 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 44%.

[0128] [Example 14] Example 14 is the same as Example 4 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 44%.

[0129] [Example 15] Example 15 is the same as Example 5 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 41%.

[0130] (Example 16, Example 17) In Examples 16 and 17, Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 Laminated glass with the structure shown in (b) had a coating applied to the fourth side of the second glass sheet. The coating had a two-layer structure consisting of a low-refractive-index layer composed of SiO2 and a high-refractive-index layer composed of TiO2, with the low-refractive-index layer being located on the fourth side of the second glass sheet. The resulting laminated glass was then illuminated with light from a projector onto the illuminated area R, and visual inspection and evaluation of the image visibility and visibility from outside the vehicle were performed.

[0131] [Example 16] In Example 16, the process was the same as in Example 1 except that the coating was applied to the fourth side of the second glass plate.

[0132] [Example 17] In Example 17, the process was the same as in Example 2 except that the coating was applied to the fourth side of the second glass plate.

[0133] (Example 18~Example 22) In Examples 18 to 22, the density of the first dots was adjusted so that the light shielding ratio RSb reached 50%. Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1(b) Laminated glass having the structure shown. Then, light was irradiated from a projector onto the light irradiation area R of the manufactured laminated glass, and the image visibility and visibility from outside the vehicle were evaluated by visual inspection.

[0134] [Example 18] Example 18 was the same as Example 1 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb was 50%. In the light-irradiated region R of the manufactured laminated glass, the entire visible light transmittance T was 40%.

[0135] [Example 19] Example 19 was the same as Example 2 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb was 50%. The entire visible light transmittance T in the light-irradiated region R of the manufactured laminated glass was 41%.

[0136] [Example 20] Example 20 was the same as Example 3 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb was 50%. The entire visible light transmittance T in the light-irradiated region R of the manufactured laminated glass was 45%.

[0137] [Example 21] Example 21 was the same as Example 4 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb was 50%. The entire visible light transmittance T in the light-irradiated region R of the manufactured laminated glass was 45%.

[0138] [Example 22] Example 22 was the same as Example 5 except that the light-shielding portion ratio RSb was 50%. The entire visible light transmittance T in the light-irradiated region R of the manufactured laminated glass was 43%.

[0139] (Evaluation Results) The evaluation results of Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Figure 6 The evaluation results of Examples 6 to 10 are shown in Figure 7 The evaluation results of Examples 11 to 15 are shown in Figure 8 The evaluation results of Examples 16 and 17 are shown in Figure 9 The evaluation results of Examples 18 to 22 are shown in Figure 10 . Figures 6 to 10 In the example, if the image is recognizable under external light with an illuminance of 20,000 lx or higher, the image recognizability is 0. Furthermore, if the image is not recognizable under external light with an illuminance of 20,000 lx or higher, but is recognizable under external light with an illuminance of 3,000 lx or higher and less than 20,000 lx, the image recognizability is 1. Furthermore, if the image is not recognizable under external light with an illuminance of 3,000 lx or higher, but is recognizable under external light with an illuminance of less than 3,000 lx, the image recognizability is 2.

[0140] also, Figures 6 to 10In the example, if the exterior of the vehicle can be recognized when the projector is irradiated with light, the exterior recognition is 0. Furthermore, if the exterior of the vehicle cannot be recognized when the projector is irradiated with light, but can be recognized when the projector is not irradiated with light, the exterior recognition is 1. Furthermore, if the exterior of the vehicle is difficult to recognize even when the projector is not irradiated with light, the exterior recognition is 2.

[0141] also, Figures 6 to 10 The difference in visible light transmittance (ab) and the visible light transmittance T of the entire light-irradiated area R are described. Furthermore, the difference in visible light transmittance (ab) = (visible light transmittance a of the opening) - (visible light transmittance b of the light-shielding portion). Furthermore, as described above, T = a × (100 - RSb) + b × RSb.

[0142] like Figure 6 As shown, in Examples 1 to 5, images can be recognized even in the presence of external light (when the external illumination is 3000 lx or more). This result is believed to be achieved in Examples 1 to 5 because the difference in visible light transmittance (ab) is 80% or more. In particular, in Examples 3 to 5, images can be recognized even in strong external light (when the external illumination is 20,000 lx or more). This result is believed to be achieved because the shading portion ratio RSb in Examples 1 and 2 is 13% and 14%, respectively, while the shading portion ratio RSb in Examples 3 to 5 is as high as 18% or more.

[0143] In Example 5, by using transparent glass with high visible light transmittance as the first glass plate, the visible light transmittance of the opening can be increased, thereby increasing the light-shielding portion ratio RSb. Furthermore, in Examples 3 and 4, by using transparent glass with high visible light transmittance as the first and second glass plates, the visible light transmittance of the opening can be further increased, thereby further increasing the light-shielding portion ratio RSb.

[0144] On the other hand, Figure 7 As shown, in Examples 6 through 10, the image is only recognizable in dim conditions (i.e., when the exterior illuminance is less than 3000 lx). This result is believed to be due to the fact that the difference in visible light transmittance (ab) in the laminated glass enclosed with the film, as in Examples 6 through 10, is less than 20%. In other words, it is believed that in the presence of ambient light (when the exterior illuminance is 3000 lx or higher) or in strong ambient light (when the exterior illuminance is 20,000 lx or higher), the ambient light passes through the film or is scattered by it, reducing image recognition.

[0145] In addition, if Figure 6 As shown in FIG, if the light shielding portion ratio RSb is less than 22%, even when light is irradiated from a projector, the scenery outside the vehicle can be recognized through the light irradiation area R. Figure 8As shown, if the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 44% or less, the scenery outside the vehicle can be recognized through the light-irradiated area R when no light is irradiated from the projection device.

[0146] In addition, if Figure 9 As shown, if the difference in visible light transmittance (ab) is 70% or more, the image can be recognized even in the presence of external light (when the illuminance outside the vehicle is 3000 lx or more).

[0147] This shows that laminated glass having a light shielding portion such that the difference in visible light transmittance (ab) between the light shielding portion and the opening is 70% or more can improve image visibility in the presence of external light compared to conventional laminated glass sealed with a film.

[0148] In addition, if Figure 10 As shown in FIG. 1 , even if the light shielding portion ratio RSb is 50%, when no light is irradiated from the projection device, the scenery outside the vehicle can be recognized through the light irradiation area R. Figure 6 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As a result, if the light shielding portion ratio RSb is less than 50%, the scenery outside the vehicle can be recognized through the light irradiation area R without irradiating light from the projection device. Figure 6 and Figure 9 As a result, if the light-shielding portion ratio RSb is 30% or less, even when light is irradiated from a projector, the scenery outside the vehicle can be recognized through the light-irradiated area R.

[0149] (Example 23~Example 32) In Examples 23 to 32, when low-brightness portions having different brightness were provided on the second surface or the fourth surface of the laminated glass, visibility of the low-brightness portions from outside the vehicle was evaluated by visual inspection.

[0150] [Example 23] In Example 23, green glass with a thickness of 2.0 mm was used as the first and second glass plates. A transparent interlayer with a thickness of 0.8 mm was used as the interlayer. * The low brightness portion with a value of 15 is set on the second surface.

[0151] [Example 24] In Example 24, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 25 is set outside the second surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0152] [Example 25] In Example 25, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 50 is set outside the second surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0153] [Example 26] In Example 26, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 75 is set outside the second surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0154] [Example 27] In Example 27, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 85 is set outside the second surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0155] [Example 28] In Example 28, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 15 is set on the outside of the fourth surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0156] [Example 29] In Example 29, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 25 is set on the outside of the fourth surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0157] [Example 30] In Example 30, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 50 is set outside the fourth surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0158] [Example 31] In Example 31, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 75 is set outside the fourth surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0159] [Example 32] In Example 32, in addition to setting the brightness L * The low brightness portion with a value of 85 is set outside the fourth surface, which is the same as Example 23.

[0160] The evaluation results of Examples 23 to 32 are shown in Figure 11 .in addition, Figure 11 In the example, if the low-brightness portion is difficult to notice even under external light with an illuminance of 1000 lx or more, the low-brightness portion is considered to be 0. Furthermore, if the low-brightness portion is easily noticeable under external light with an illuminance of 1000 lx or more, but difficult to notice under external light with an illuminance of 100 lx to less than 1000 lx, the low-brightness portion is considered to be 1. Furthermore, if the low-brightness portion is easily noticeable under external light with an illuminance of 100 lx or more, but difficult to notice under external light with an illuminance of less than 100 lx, the low-brightness portion is considered to be 2.

[0161] Figure 11 If we compare Examples 23 to 27 with Examples 28 to 32, we can see that if the brightness L of the low brightness part is *If the value of is the same, whether the low-brightness portion is set on the second surface or the fourth surface, it will not affect the recognition of the low-brightness portion from outside the vehicle.

[0162] In addition, by Figure 11 It can be seen that if the brightness L of the low brightness part * If the value of is less than 50, the existence of the low-brightness part is difficult to be noticed even in the external light with an external illumination of 100 lx or more and less than 1000 lx, which is preferable from the perspective of good recognition outside the vehicle. * When the value of is 25 or less, it is difficult to notice the existence of the low-brightness portion even when the external light illuminance outside the vehicle is strong at 1000 lx or more, which is more preferable from the perspective of better recognition outside the vehicle.

[0163] While preferred embodiments have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and various modifications and substitutions may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0164] This international patent application claims the benefit of priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-203626, filed on December 20, 2022, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-203626 are incorporated herein by reference. Explanation of symbols

[0165] 10 Laminated glass 10t top 10b bottom 11 First Glass Plate 11a Page 1 11b Side 2 12 Second glass plate 12c Side 3 12d Side 4 13 Intermediate film 14 Shielding layer 15 Information sending and receiving area 16 Opening 17 shading part 17d First Point 17a First Area 17b Second Area 18 Low brightness area 18d Second point

Claims

1. A laminated glass comprising a first glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface, a second glass sheet having a third surface and a fourth surface, and an interlayer film sandwiched between the second surface of the first glass sheet and the third surface of the second glass sheet, wherein: The fourth surface includes a light shielding portion and an opening, and a difference in visible light transmittance between the light shielding portion and the opening is greater than or equal to 70%.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The light shielding portion is formed of a dot pattern in which a plurality of first dots are arranged at intervals from each other.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein: The area of ​​each of the first points is 0.007mm 2 Above and within 0.8mm 2 the following.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein: The plurality of first points have the same density in a first region, and the density in a second region adjacent to the first region is adjusted to be sparser as the distance from the first region increases.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein: The brightness L of the light shielding part * The value of is above 50, A brightness L is provided on the first glass plate side relative to the light shielding portion. * In the low brightness part where the value is below 30, The low brightness portion is formed of a dot pattern in which a plurality of second dots are arranged at intervals from each other. Each of the second points is arranged at a position overlapping with each of the first points in a plan view.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: The area of ​​each of the first points is smaller than or equal to the area of ​​the overlapping second points in a plan view.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 6, wherein: The area of ​​each of the first points is greater than or equal to 0.8 times the area of ​​the overlapping second point in a plan view.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: Each of the second points is arranged on the fourth surface, Each of the first points is stacked on a side of each of the second points opposite to the fourth surface, Each of the first dots and each of the second dots is formed of an inorganic ink.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: Each of the second points is arranged on the fourth surface, Each of the first points is stacked on a side of each of the second points opposite to the fourth surface, Each of the first dots is formed of organic ink, Each of the second dots is formed of an inorganic ink.

10. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The area where the light shielding portion is arranged is a light irradiation area where light is irradiated to the laminated glass. A ratio of an area of ​​the light shielding portion located within the light irradiation region to a total area of ​​the opening and the light shielding portion in a plan view is greater than or equal to 13% and less than or equal to 50%.

11. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein When the maximum length of the opening portion is denoted as L1 and the length from the end of the lower side of the opening portion to the end of the upper side of the shading portion is denoted as L2 in a direction parallel to the straight line passing through the point dividing the upper side of the fourth surface into two equal parts and the point dividing the lower side into two equal parts when viewed from above, the length L2 is less than 1 / 3 of the length L1.

12. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The visible light transmittance of the opening is greater than 80%.

13. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate and / or the second glass plate is above 90%.

14. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The second glass plate has a thickness of 1.8 mm or less.

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