Laser cutting device and method for aluminum alloy plate machining

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser cutting device and method for aluminum alloy plate machining, and relates to the technical field of laser cutting. The clamping equipment is fixed above the base; the dust removal equipment is fixed in the base and is positioned below the clamping equipment; the driving assembly is erected above the base and at least comprises a horizontal transferring module and a vertical transferring module, and the vertical transferring module is fixed to the output end of the horizontal transferring module; the cutting assembly is fixed to the output end of the vertical transferring module and comprises a conversion bin, a conversion motor is fixed in the conversion bin, a conversion disc is rotationally arranged at the bottom of the conversion bin and connected with the output end of the conversion motor, and a conversion rod is fixed to the middle position of the conversion disc; the aluminum alloy plate is locally preheated through the preheating assembly before cutting, the material hardness and thermal stress are reduced, cracks and burrs in the cutting process are reduced, and the cutting face quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plate laser cutting, and in particular to a laser cutting device and method for processing aluminum alloy plates. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting uses a high-power density laser beam to irradiate the material to be cut, so that the material is quickly heated to the vaporization temperature, evaporating to form holes. As the beam moves across the material, the holes continuously form a very narrow (such as about 0.1mm) cut, completing the cutting of the material.

[0003] Existing laser cutting devices cut directly on aluminum alloy plates. The instantaneous heat generated by the laser on the plate causes a huge temperature gradient inside the material, causing microcracks or warping deformation, affecting the cutting effect. In addition, when cutting circular holes, multiple linear motors are required to work together, resulting in low arc accuracy of the circular hole.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a laser cutting device and method for processing aluminum alloy plates to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates, comprising: a base installed on the ground; a clamping device fixed above the base; a dust removal device fixed in the base and located below the clamping device; a driving assembly mounted above the base, and comprising at least a horizontal moving module and a vertical moving module, the vertical moving module being fixed on the output end of the horizontal moving module; a cutting assembly being fixed on the output end of the vertical moving module, the cutting assembly comprising a conversion bin, a conversion motor being fixed therein, a conversion disk being rotatably provided at the bottom of the conversion bin, the conversion disk being connected to the output end of the conversion motor, a conversion rod being fixed at the middle position of the conversion rod, a preheating assembly being installed in the conversion rod, a protective assembly being fixed on the preheating assembly, and a laser head being fixed at the bottom of the protective assembly.

[0006] Further, preferably, the preheating assembly includes: two screws, which are configured and symmetrically and rotatably arranged in the conversion rod; two drive motors, which are configured and symmetrically fixed in the conversion rod, and whose output ends are respectively connected to the two screws; a connecting plate, which is threadedly connected to one of the screws; a protective chamber, which is fixed on the connecting plate, and a protective motor is fixed inside it; a preheating plate, which is threadedly connected to the other screw, and a rotating motor is fixed at the bottom of it; a rotating plate, which is rotatably arranged on the preheating plate and driven by the rotating motor; and a preheating laser head, which is fixed on the lower end surface of the rotating plate.

[0007] Further, preferably, the light beam of the preheating laser head is green light, and the focal diameter of the preheating laser head is larger than the focal diameter of the laser head.

[0008] Furthermore, preferably, the initial position of the connecting plate is close to the drive motor, at which time the laser head is located at the axial center position of the conversion disk, the initial position of the preheating plate is away from the drive motor, and the initial position of the preheating laser head is tilted toward the direction of the laser head, and the focus of the preheating laser head does not overlap with the focus of the laser head.

[0009] Further, preferably, the protection component includes: an air inlet bin, fixed on the lower end surface of the protection bin and connected to an external air supply device; a drive disk, rotatably arranged in the air inlet bin and connected to the protection motor through a rotating shaft; a connecting rod, configured into multiple, circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the drive disk; an adjusting ring, fixed on the multiple connecting rods; an air outlet head, configured into multiple, circumferentially hinged to the bottom of the air inlet bin; a hinged rod, one end of which is hinged to the inner wall of the air inlet bin, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the air outlet head.

[0010] Further, preferably, a plurality of avoidance grooves are provided on the inner circumference of the adjustment ring, the avoidance grooves correspond to the hinged rod, a plurality of wavy surfaces are provided on the inner wall of the adjustment ring, and an arc surface 1 is provided at the intersection of the plurality of wavy surfaces, and an arc surface 2 is provided at the protruding position of the wavy surface. When the relative position of the air outlet head and the wavy surface moves from arc surface 1 to arc surface 2, the focal point of the axial extension line of the plurality of air outlet heads gradually rises.

[0011] Furthermore, preferably, a sleeve is fixed at the hinged position between the hinged rod and the air outlet head, a sliding column is slidably provided in the sleeve, and a tension spring is provided between the sliding column and the sleeve.

[0012] A method for using a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Fix the plate; fix the plate with a clamping device and turn on the dust removal device;

[0014] S2. Sheet cutting: The drive assembly drives the cutting assembly to cut along a set path, and the protective assembly sprays inert gas to block splashing materials during cutting.

[0015] S3. Plate removal: The cut plate is removed from the clamping device, and the dust removal device continues to operate to absorb the cutting residue.

[0016] Furthermore, preferably, when the plate is cut in step S2, the laser emitted by the preheating laser head first contacts the plate to preheat the cutting position of the plate, and then the laser of the laser head performs the cutting operation again. When cutting to the bend, the preheating laser head is at the bend at this time, and then the preheating laser head is rotated by the conversion motor to move it to the next cutting position, and the laser head performs the cutting operation synchronously while the preheating laser head rotates. When the rotation of the preheating laser head is completed, the preheating laser head is deflected by rotating the motor to preheat the unpreheated area to complete the cutting of the bend; when cutting a circular hole, the laser head and the preheating laser head are driven by the motor to slide, the distance between the laser head and the preheating laser head is adjusted, and the laser head and the preheating laser head are in a symmetrical position, and then the conversion motor drives the conversion bin to rotate, so that the preheating laser head preheats the cutting track first, and then the laser head performs the cutting operation again.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a laser cutting device and method for processing aluminum alloy plates, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention uses a preheating component to locally preheat the aluminum alloy plate before cutting, thereby reducing the hardness and thermal stress of the material, reducing cracks and burrs during the cutting process, and improving the quality of the cut surface. The preheating laser head and the laser head are dynamically coordinated, and the initial position of the preheating laser head is tilted and does not overlap with the focus of the laser head to avoid energy superposition and damage to the material. When cutting bends or circular holes, the position and angle of the preheating laser head are adjusted by the conversion motor and the rotation motor to achieve continuous preheating and cutting of complex paths, thereby improving processing efficiency. Through the design of the drive disk, the adjustment ring and the wave surface, the injection angles of multiple gas outlets are dynamically adjusted to form a focused inert gas barrier, which effectively blocks the splash of molten metal and protects the laser head lens. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cutting component in a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a preheating component in a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a protective component in a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hinged rod in a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circular hole processing path of a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the processing path of a bend at a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates;

[0026] In the figure: 1. Base; 2. Clamping device; 3. Dust removal device; 4. Drive assembly; 5. Cutting assembly; 6. Preheating assembly; 7. Protection assembly; 41. Horizontal transfer module; 42. Vertical transfer module; 51. Conversion chamber; 52. Conversion disk; 53. Conversion rod; 54. Laser head; 61. Screw; 62. Drive motor; 63. Connecting plate; 64. Protection chamber; 65. Preheating plate; 66. Rotating plate; 67. Preheating laser head; 71. Air inlet chamber; 72. Drive disk; 73. Rotating shaft; 74. Connecting rod; 75. Adjusting ring; 76. Air outlet head; 77. Articulated rod; 751. Avoidance groove; 752. Arc surface one; 753. Arc surface two; 771. Sleeve; 772. Sliding column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates, comprising:

[0028] Base 1, installed on the ground;

[0029] A clamping device 2 is fixed above the base 1;

[0030] A dust removal device 3 is fixed in the base 1 and is located below the clamping device 2;

[0031] The driving assembly 4 is mounted above the base 1 and comprises at least a horizontal transfer module 41 and a vertical transfer module 42. The vertical transfer module 42 is fixed to the output end of the horizontal transfer module 41.

[0032] The cutting assembly 5 is fixed on the output end of the vertical moving module 42. The cutting assembly 5 includes a conversion chamber 51, in which a conversion motor is fixed. A conversion disk 52 is rotatably provided at the bottom of the conversion chamber 51. The conversion disk 52 is connected to the output end of the conversion motor. A conversion rod 53 is fixed in the middle position of the conversion disk 52. A preheating assembly 6 is installed in the conversion rod 53. A protective assembly 7 is fixed on the preheating assembly 6. A laser head 54 is fixed at the bottom of the protective assembly 7.

[0033] Among them, before cutting, when planning the path, the initial position of the laser head 54 is used as the origin, that is, when the laser head 54 is in the initial position, the rotation of the conversion motor does not affect the position of the laser head 54, but only causes the laser head 54 to rotate in place.

[0034] In this embodiment, the preheating component 6 includes:

[0035] The screw rods 61 are configured as two, symmetrically and rotationally arranged in the conversion rod 53;

[0036] The driving motors 62 are configured as two and are symmetrically fixed in the conversion rod 53 , and their output ends are respectively connected to the two screw rods 61 ;

[0037] A connecting plate 63, threadedly connected to one of the screw rods 61;

[0038] A protective compartment 64 is fixed on the connecting plate 63 and has a protective motor fixed therein;

[0039] The preheating plate 65 is threadedly connected to the other screw 61, and a rotating motor is fixed at the bottom thereof;

[0040] A rotating plate 66 is rotatably disposed on the preheating plate 65 and driven by the rotating motor;

[0041] The preheating laser head 67 is fixed on the lower end surface of the rotating plate 66.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the light beam of the preheating laser head 67 is green light, and the focal diameter of the preheating laser head 67 is larger than the focal diameter of the laser head 54 .

[0043] That is to say, by preheating the laser head 67, the aluminum alloy plate can be locally preheated before cutting, thereby reducing the hardness and thermal stress of the material, reducing cracks and burrs during the cutting process, and improving the cutting surface quality.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the initial position of the connecting plate 63 is close to the drive motor 62. At this time, the laser head 54 is located at the axial position of the conversion disk 52. The initial position of the preheating plate 65 is away from the drive motor 62. The initial position of the preheating laser head 67 is tilted toward the direction of the laser head 54, and the focus of the preheating laser head 67 does not overlap with the focus of the laser head 54.

[0045] Among them, through the dynamic coordination of the preheating laser head 67 and the laser head 54, the focal position of the preheating laser head 67 does not overlap with the focal position of the laser head 54, thereby avoiding energy superposition and damage to the material, and the deflection angle of the preheating laser head 67 can be adjusted by rotating the motor to achieve continuous preheating of complex paths.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the protection component 7 includes:

[0047] The air inlet chamber 71 is fixed to the lower end surface of the protective chamber 64 and is connected to the external air supply equipment;

[0048] A drive disc 72 is rotatably disposed in the air inlet bin 71 and is connected to the protective motor via a rotating shaft 73;

[0049] The connecting rods 74 are configured as a plurality and circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the driving plate 72;

[0050] an adjusting ring 75 fixed on the plurality of connecting rods 74;

[0051] The air outlet head 76 is configured as a plurality of and is circumferentially hinged to the bottom of the air inlet bin 71;

[0052] One end of the hinged rod 77 is hinged to the inner wall of the air inlet bin 71 , and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the air outlet head 76 .

[0053] It should be noted that the interior of the air inlet chamber 71 is filled with inert gas, which can form a focused inert gas barrier through the injection of multiple air outlet heads 76, effectively blocking the splashing of molten metal and protecting the laser head lens.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment, the inner circumference of the adjustment ring 75 is provided with a plurality of avoidance grooves 751, and the avoidance grooves 751 correspond to the hinge rod 77. The inner wall of the adjustment ring 75 is provided with a plurality of wavy surfaces, and an arc surface 1 752 is provided at the intersection of the plurality of wavy surfaces, and an arc surface 2 753 is provided at the protruding position of the wavy surface. When the relative position of the air outlet head 76 and the wavy surface moves from arc surface 1 752 to arc surface 2 753, the focal point of the axial extension line of the plurality of air outlet heads 76 gradually rises.

[0055] That is to say, when there is a height difference in the cutting position on the plate, the vertical moving module 42 drives the cutting equipment to move up or down, and the injection focus of the multiple gas outlet heads 76 moves up or down. At this time, by rotating the adjustment ring 75, the wave surface pushes the gas outlet head 76 to rotate, thereby completing the angle adjustment, and adjusting the injection focus of the multiple gas outlet heads 76 to the cutting position to form an effective gas barrier.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, a sleeve 771 is fixed at the hinged position of the hinged rod 77 and the air outlet head 76 , a sliding column 772 is slidably provided in the sleeve 771 , and a tension spring is provided between the sliding column 772 and the sleeve 771 .

[0057] That is to say, by stretching the spring, the air outlet head 76 can always be kept in contact with the wave surface, which is convenient for adjustment. It should be noted that when the air outlet head 76 is located on the arc surface 1 752, the multiple air outlet heads 76 are in a vertical state. When the air outlet head 76 is located on the arc surface 2 753, the multiple air outlet heads 76 are in a state of maximum deflection.

[0058] A method for using a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. Sheet fixation; the sheet is fixed by the clamping device 2, and the dust removal device 3 is turned on; wherein the clamping device 2 may be a plywood clamping device or an adsorption clamping device;

[0060] S2. Sheet cutting: Drive assembly 4 drives cutting assembly 5 to cut along a set path. During cutting, shield assembly 7 sprays inert gas to block splattering material. Multiple gas outlets 76 spray to form a focused inert gas barrier, effectively blocking molten metal splashes and protecting the laser head lens.

[0061] S3. Plate removal; the cut plate is removed from the clamping device 2, and the dust removal device 3 continues to operate to absorb the cutting residue.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, when the plate is cut in step S2, the laser emitted by the preheating laser head 67 first contacts the plate to preheat the cutting position of the plate, and then the laser of the laser head 54 performs the cutting operation. When cutting to the bend, the preheating laser head 67 is at the bend. Then, the preheating laser head 67 is rotated by the conversion motor to move it to the next cutting position. While the preheating laser head 67 is rotating, the laser head 54 performs the cutting operation synchronously. After the preheating laser head 67 completes the rotation, the preheating laser head 67 is deflected by rotating the motor to preheat the unheated area, thereby completing the cutting of the bend.

[0063] When cutting a circular hole, the laser head 54 and the preheating laser head 67 are slid by driving the motor 62, the distance between the laser head 54 and the preheating laser head 67 is adjusted, and the laser head 54 and the preheating laser head 67 are in a symmetrical position, and then the conversion motor drives the conversion chamber 51 to rotate, so that the preheating laser head 67 preheats the cutting track first, and then the laser head 54 performs the cutting operation.

[0064] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates, characterized in that: include: A base (1) is installed on the ground; A clamping device (2) is fixed above the base (1); A dust removal device (3) is fixed in the base (1) and is located below the clamping device (2); A driving assembly (4) is mounted above the base (1) and comprises at least a horizontal transfer module (41) and a vertical transfer module (42), wherein the vertical transfer module (42) is fixed to the output end of the horizontal transfer module (41); The cutting assembly (5) is fixed on the output end of the vertical moving module (42), and the cutting assembly (5) includes a conversion chamber (51) in which a conversion motor is fixed. A conversion disk (52) is rotatably provided at the bottom of the conversion chamber (51), and the conversion disk (52) is connected to the output end of the conversion motor. A conversion rod (53) is fixed at the middle position of the conversion disk (52), and a preheating assembly (6) is installed in the conversion rod (53). A protective assembly (7) is fixed on the preheating assembly (6), and a laser head (54) is fixed at the bottom of the protective assembly (7).

2. The laser cutting device for aluminum alloy plate processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating component (6) comprises: The screw rods (61) are configured as two and are symmetrically and rotationally arranged in the conversion rod (53); The driving motor (62) is configured as two and symmetrically fixed in the conversion rod (53), and the output ends thereof are respectively connected to the two screw rods (61); A connecting plate (63) threadedly connected to one of the screw rods (61); A protective compartment (64) is fixed on the connecting plate (63), and a protective motor is fixed therein; A preheating plate (65) is threadedly connected to the other screw (61), and a rotating motor is fixed at the bottom thereof; a rotating plate (66) rotatably disposed on the preheating plate (65) and driven by the rotating motor; A preheating laser head (67) is fixed on the lower end surface of the rotating plate (66).

3. The laser cutting device for aluminum alloy plate processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light beam of the preheating laser head (67) is green light, and the focal diameter of the preheating laser head (67) is larger than the focal diameter of the laser head (54).

4. The laser cutting device for aluminum alloy plate processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initial position of the connecting plate (63) is close to the driving motor (62), at which time the laser head (54) is located at the axis position of the conversion disk (52), the initial position of the preheating plate (65) is away from the driving motor (62), and the initial position of the preheating laser head (67) is tilted toward the laser head (54), and the focus of the preheating laser head (67) does not overlap with the focus of the laser head (54).

5. The laser cutting device for aluminum alloy plate processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protection component (7) comprises: An air inlet chamber (71) is fixed to the lower end surface of the protective chamber (64) and is connected to an external air supply device; A drive disc (72) is rotatably disposed in the air inlet bin (71) and is connected to the protective motor via a rotating shaft (73); Connecting rods (74) are configured as a plurality of connecting rods and are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the driving disk (72); an adjusting ring (75) fixed on the plurality of connecting rods (74); An air outlet head (76) is configured as a plurality of air outlet heads and is circumferentially hinged to the bottom of the air inlet bin (71); A hinged rod (77) has one end hinged to the inner wall of the air inlet bin (71) and the other end hinged to the side wall of the air outlet head (76).

6. The laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the adjusting ring (75) is provided with a plurality of avoidance grooves (751), and the avoidance grooves (751) correspond to the hinge rod (77). The inner wall of the adjusting ring (75) is provided with a plurality of wave surfaces, and an arc surface 1 (752) is provided at the intersection of the plurality of wave surfaces, and an arc surface 2 (753) is provided at the protruding position of the wave surface. When the relative position of the air outlet head (76) and the wave surface moves from the arc surface 1 (752) to the arc surface 2 (753), the focal points of the axial extension lines of the plurality of air outlet heads (76) gradually rise.

7. The laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sleeve (771) is fixed at the hinged position of the hinged rod (77) and the air outlet head (76), a sliding column (772) is slidably arranged in the sleeve (771), and a tension spring is arranged between the sliding column (772) and the sleeve (771).

8. A method for using a laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates, which uses the laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Fixing the plate; fix the plate by the clamping device (2) and start the dust removal device (3); S2. Sheet cutting; the driving assembly (4) drives the cutting assembly (5) to cut according to the set path, and during cutting, the protective assembly (7) sprays an inert gas to block the splashing material; S3. Plate removal: The cut plate is removed from the clamping device (2), and the dust removal device (3) is continuously operated to absorb the cutting residue.

9. The method for using the laser cutting device for processing aluminum alloy plates according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the plate is cut in step S2, the laser emitted by the preheating laser head (67) first contacts the plate to preheat the cutting position of the plate, and then the laser of the laser head (54) performs the cutting operation. When cutting to the bend, the preheating laser head (67) is at the bend. Then, the preheating laser head (67) is rotated by the conversion motor to move it to the next cutting position. While the preheating laser head (67) is rotating, the laser head (54) performs the cutting operation synchronously. After the preheating laser head (67) has completed the rotation, the preheating laser head (67) is deflected by rotating the motor to preheat the unheated area, thereby completing the cutting of the bend. When cutting a circular hole, the laser head (54) and the preheating laser head (67) are slid by driving the motor (62), the distance between the laser head (54) and the preheating laser head (67) is adjusted, and the laser head (54) and the preheating laser head (67) are placed in symmetrical positions. Then, the conversion motor drives the conversion chamber to rotate, so that the preheating laser head (67) preheats the cutting track first, and then the laser head (54) performs the cutting operation.

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