Ventilation and smoke exhaust system of large navigation tunnel and operation method of ventilation and smoke exhaust system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ventilation and smoke exhaust of navigable tunnels, and discloses a ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a large navigable tunnel, which comprises ventilation shafts arranged on two sides of the navigable tunnel, the tops of the ventilation shafts are directly communicated with the outdoor ground to be connected with a ventilation room, and a plurality of horizontal civil air ducts with different elevations are respectively arranged on two sides of the navigable tunnel. A plurality of civil engineering air duct openings communicating with the interior of the navigation tunnel are formed in the horizontal civil engineering air ducts at intervals, the horizontal civil engineering air ducts communicate with the ventilation shaft through civil engineering air duct transverse branch holes correspondingly, and air in the navigation tunnel sequentially passes through the civil engineering air duct openings, the horizontal civil engineering air ducts, the civil engineering air duct transverse branch holes, the ventilation shaft and the ventilation machine room to be exhausted to the outside. The invention further discloses an operation method of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the large navigation tunnel. According to the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the large navigation tunnel and the operation method of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, the problems of pollutant accumulation and untimely smoke exhaust in a fire disaster are solved, the air quality during normal operation is guaranteed, and smoke is rapidly exhausted under the working condition of the fire disaster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ventilation and smoke exhaust for navigation tunnels, and in particular to a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Navigation tunnels are for ships to pass through. Large-scale water transport navigation tunnels have large tonnage of ships and long tunnel lengths. Exhaust emissions from ships accumulate. If not discharged in time, pollutants will accumulate. The high concentration will affect the comfort of personnel and even threaten their lives and health in severe cases.

[0003] Among ship exhaust pollutants, CO and NO2 have particularly significant impacts on human health, so their concentrations must be controlled within safe limits. Furthermore, if a fire occurs in a ship's tunnel, smoke must be promptly exhausted to facilitate evacuation. A well-functioning ventilation and smoke exhaust system is crucial for ensuring the safe passage of ships through tunnels. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the daily safety of ships and emergency response in the event of an accident, and is crucial to the air quality within the tunnel and the safe operation of ships.

[0004] Currently, there are no specifications or standards for the ventilation and smoke exhaust design of ship navigation tunnels. The ventilation and smoke exhaust requirements of tunnels are quite different from those of highway tunnels and railway tunnels. In addition, the cross-sectional area of ​​tunnels is much larger than that of highway tunnels. The cross-sectional area of ​​a medium-sized four-lane highway tunnel is about 90m 2 Compared with highway tunnels, the cross-sectional area of ​​large navigation tunnels is 10 to 20 times that of four-lane highway tunnels. Some existing small navigation tunnels use natural ventilation to exhaust smoke, but there is no application example for large navigation tunnels.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on the ventilation and smoke exhaust systems of large navigation tunnels, propose reasonable ventilation and smoke exhaust systems for large water navigation tunnels and their operation modes, and ensure the safe and reliable passage of ships in navigation tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technologies and provide a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for large navigation tunnels and its operation method, which solves the problems of pollutant accumulation and untimely smoke exhaust during fires in the existing technologies, ensures air quality during normal operation (such as controlling CO and NO2 concentrations), and achieves rapid smoke exhaust under fire conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a large navigation tunnel designed by the present invention includes two ventilation shafts respectively arranged on both sides of the navigation tunnel, the top of the ventilation shaft is directly connected to the outdoor ground and is connected to a ventilation machine room, and a number of horizontal civil air ducts at different elevations are arranged on both sides of the navigation tunnel, and the horizontal civil air ducts are arranged along the length direction of the navigation tunnel. A number of civil air duct openings connected to the interior of the navigation tunnel are arranged at intervals on the horizontal civil air ducts along the length direction of the navigation tunnel, and each horizontal civil air duct is connected to the ventilation shaft located on the same side of the navigation tunnel through a civil air duct cross branch hole. The air inside the navigation tunnel is discharged to the outside world through the civil air duct openings, horizontal civil air ducts, civil air duct cross branch holes, ventilation shafts and ventilation machine rooms in turn.

[0008] Preferably, there are two navigation tunnels, which are parallel to each other and divided into left and right tunnels for ships to go up and down.

[0009] Preferably, a tunnel fan and a combined air valve connected thereto are provided in the ventilation room, the tunnel fan is communicated with the ventilation shaft, and the combined air valve is communicated with the outside.

[0010] Preferably, the ventilation room is provided with a fan control box for controlling the operation of the tunnel fan, a valve control box for controlling the operation of the combined air valve, and a controller for controlling the operation of the fan control box and the air valve control box, and the navigation tunnel is provided with a water level gauge, a CO concentration sensor and a NO2 concentration sensor electrically connected to the controller.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of fire detectors are arranged on the sides and top of the navigation tunnel above the highest navigation water level, and a fire alarm controller electrically connected to the fire detectors is arranged at the outdoor personnel duty area, and the fire alarm controller is electrically connected to the fan control box and the air valve control box.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are arranged at intervals along the length of the navigation tunnel, with an interval of 60m to 500m.

[0013] Preferably, the ventilation shaft is a multi-shaft structure, which is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the navigation tunnel, connected to the horizontal civil air duct through a number of civil air duct cross-branch holes, and connected to the ventilation room at the top of the ventilation shaft.

[0014] Preferably, the ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are arranged at intervals along the length of the navigation tunnel.

[0015] A method for operating the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the large navigation tunnel, which determines the required ventilation volume in the navigation tunnel according to the water level and air conditions in the navigation tunnel, controls the ventilation room to extract the air in the navigation tunnel through the civil construction air duct opening to the horizontal civil construction air duct, then enters the civil construction air duct branch hole, gathers it into the ventilation shaft, and finally discharges it to the outside.

[0016] Preferably, when a fire occurs in the navigation tunnel, regardless of the navigation water level elevation, the ventilation room is opened to operate at the maximum smoke exhaust capacity, and the smoke in the navigation tunnel is extracted through the civil construction air duct outlet to the horizontal civil construction air duct, and then enters the civil construction air duct branch hole, is collected in the ventilation shaft, and is finally discharged to the outside.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Solve the problems of pollutant accumulation and untimely smoke exhaust in existing technologies; 2. By setting up horizontal civil engineering air ducts in layers, the multi-elevation design adapts to water level changes and ensures effective ventilation at any water level. This achieves ventilation and smoke exhaust for large navigation tunnels under different water levels, thus ensuring the air quality inside the navigation tunnel. 3. By setting the civil construction air duct openings in the horizontal civil construction air duct and connecting them with the navigation tunnel as air outlets, the air flow distribution is optimized. The interval design avoids local concentration accumulation and improves ventilation uniformity. 4. Realize rapid smoke exhaust under fire conditions, creating conditions for personnel evacuation during fire; 5. The required ventilation volume is determined comprehensively according to different water levels, CO concentrations, and NO2 concentrations, and the number of fans and corresponding air valves to be opened that meet the ventilation requirements is set, thereby reducing ventilation power consumption and operating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an axonometric drawing of the present invention using a single shaft mode; Figure 3 This is an axonometric drawing of the single shaft mode adopted by the present invention.

[0019] The components in the figure are numbered as follows: Navigation tunnel 1, ventilation shaft 2, ventilation room 3, horizontal civil air duct 4, civil air duct opening 5, civil air duct branch hole 6, tunnel fan 7, combined air valve 8, fan control box 9, air valve control box 10, controller 11, water level gauge 12, CO concentration sensor 13, NO2 concentration sensor 14, fire detector 15, fire alarm controller 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel includes two ventilation shafts 2 respectively arranged on both sides of the navigation tunnel 1. The top of the ventilation shaft 2 directly leads to the outdoor ground and is connected to a ventilation machine room 3. Three horizontal civil air ducts 4 at different elevations are arranged on each side of the navigation tunnel 1. The horizontal civil air ducts 4 are arranged along the length direction of the navigation tunnel 1. A number of civil air duct openings 5 ​​connected to the interior of the navigation tunnel 1 are arranged at intervals on the horizontal civil air ducts 4 along the length direction of the navigation tunnel 1. The horizontal civil air ducts 4 are connected to the ventilation shaft 2 on the same side of the navigation tunnel 1 through a civil air duct cross branch hole 6. The air inside the navigation tunnel 1 is discharged to the outside through the civil air duct opening 5, the horizontal civil air duct 4, the civil air duct cross branch hole 6, the ventilation shaft 2 and the ventilation machine room 3 in sequence.

[0022] When this embodiment is in operation, the required ventilation volume in the navigation tunnel 1 is determined according to the water level and air conditions in the navigation tunnel 1, and the ventilation room 3 is controlled to extract the air in the navigation tunnel 1 through the civil duct opening 5 to the horizontal civil duct 4, and then enter the civil duct branch hole 6, and gather into the ventilation shaft 3, and finally discharged to the outside.

[0023] When a fire occurs in the navigation tunnel 1, regardless of the navigation water level, the ventilation room 3 will start to operate at the maximum smoke exhaust capacity, and the air in the navigation tunnel 1 will be extracted through the civil duct opening 5 to the horizontal civil duct 4, and then into the civil duct branch hole 6, and collected in the ventilation shaft 3, and finally discharged to the outside.

[0024] Example 2 like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel includes two ventilation shafts 2 respectively arranged on both sides of the navigation tunnel 1. The top of the ventilation shaft 2 directly leads to the outdoor ground and is connected to a ventilation machine room 3. Three horizontal civil air ducts 4 at different elevations are arranged on each side of the navigation tunnel 1. The horizontal civil air ducts 4 are arranged along the length direction of the navigation tunnel 1. A number of civil air duct openings 5 ​​connected to the interior of the navigation tunnel 1 are arranged at intervals on the horizontal civil air ducts 4 along the length direction of the navigation tunnel 1. The horizontal civil air ducts 4 are connected to the ventilation shaft 2 on the same side of the navigation tunnel 1 through a civil air duct cross branch hole 6. The air inside the navigation tunnel 1 is discharged to the outside through the civil air duct opening 5, the horizontal civil air duct 4, the civil air duct cross branch hole 6, the ventilation shaft 2 and the ventilation machine room 3 in sequence.

[0025] In this embodiment, a tunnel fan 7 and a combined air valve 8 connected thereto are provided in the ventilation room 3. The tunnel fan 7 is communicated with the ventilation shaft 2, and the combined air valve 8 is communicated with the outside world. The ventilation room 3 is provided with a fan control box 9 for controlling the operation of the tunnel fan 7, a valve control box 10 for controlling the operation of the combined air valve 8, and a controller 11 for controlling the operation of the fan control box 9 and the air valve control box 10. A water level gauge 12, a CO concentration sensor 13, and a NO2 concentration sensor 14 electrically connected to the controller 11 are provided in the navigation tunnel 1.

[0026] In addition, several fire detectors 15 are arranged on the sides and top of the navigation tunnel 1 above the highest navigation water level, and a fire alarm controller 16 electrically connected to the fire detectors 15 is arranged at the outdoor personnel duty area. The fire alarm controller 16 is electrically connected to the fan control box 9 and the air valve control box 10.

[0027] During operation of this embodiment, the water level meter 12 outputs a tunnel water level signal, the CO concentration sensor 13 outputs the CO concentration, and the NO2 concentration sensor 14 outputs the NO2 concentration to the controller 11. The controller 11 then determines the cross-sectional area above the water surface within the tunnel based on the water level, calculates a first required ventilation rate, calculates a second required ventilation rate based on the CO concentration, and calculates a third required ventilation rate based on the NO2 concentration. A comprehensive comparison selects the maximum required ventilation rate to determine the number of tunnel fans 7 and combined air valves 8 to operate. The controller 11 then outputs corresponding start signals to the fan control box 9 and the air valve control box 10. These control boxes 9 and 10 activate the corresponding tunnel fans 7, drawing air from the navigation tunnel 1 through the civil duct opening 5 to the horizontal civil duct 4, then into the civil duct branch tunnel 6, and finally into the ventilation shaft 3 for discharge to the outside. This embodiment determines the number of tunnel fans 7 to operate based on the water level and pollutant concentration, thereby ensuring the ambient air quality within the navigation tunnel 1 while effectively reducing operating power consumption and costs.

[0028] When a fire occurs in the navigation tunnel 1, the fire detector 15 outputs a fire signal to the fire alarm controller 16, and the fire alarm controller 16 sends instructions to the fan control box 9 and the air valve control box 10. Regardless of the navigation water level elevation, all tunnel fans 7 and combined air valves 8 are controlled to start smoke exhaust, achieving maximum smoke exhaust capacity operation, and exhausting the smoke in the navigation tunnel 1 through the civil engineering air duct opening 5 to the horizontal civil engineering air duct 4, and then into the civil engineering air duct branch hole 6, and collected to the ventilation shaft 3, and finally discharged to the outside, meeting the smoke exhaust needs of the navigation tunnel 1 in the event of a fire and creating conditions for the evacuation of personnel.

[0029] Under normal circumstances, when a fire occurs, the fire alarm controller 16 receives the fire signal output by the fire detector 15 and automatically sends instructions to the fan control box 9 and the air valve control box 10. At the same time, the on-duty personnel can also manually issue instructions to avoid the extreme situation where the fire alarm controller 16 does not automatically issue instructions.

[0030] In the above embodiment, there are two navigation tunnels 1 , which are parallel to each other and divided into left and right tunnels for ships to go up and down.

[0031] In the above embodiment, the civil engineering air duct branch hole 6 and the horizontal civil engineering air duct 4 are also connected through the civil engineering air duct opening 5.

[0032] In other embodiments, the ventilation shaft 2 can be a multi-shaft structure, arranged at intervals along the length of the navigation tunnel 1, connected to the horizontal civil air duct 5 through several civil air duct cross-branch tunnels 6, and connected to the same ventilation room 3.

[0033] Likewise, combining Figure 2 As shown, the ventilation and smoke exhaust systems can also be arranged at intervals along the length of the navigation tunnel 1, with an interval of 60m to 500m, and the interval distance is determined comprehensively based on the length, cross-sectional area, navigation traffic volume, etc. of the navigation tunnel 1.

[0034] The ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the large navigation tunnel of the present invention and the operation method thereof solve the problems of pollutant accumulation and untimely smoke exhaust in fire in the prior art; by arranging the horizontal civil engineering air ducts 4 in layers, its multi-elevation design adapts to water level changes, ensuring effective ventilation at any water level, realizing ventilation and smoke exhaust of the large navigation tunnel 1 under different water levels, and ensuring the air quality of the environment in the navigation tunnel 1; by arranging the civil engineering air duct openings 5 ​​at intervals in the horizontal civil engineering air duct 4, communicating with the navigation tunnel 1, as an air outlet, optimizing the air flow distribution, and the interval design avoids local concentration accumulation, thereby improving ventilation uniformity; realizing rapid smoke exhaust under fire conditions, creating conditions for the evacuation of personnel in case of fire; comprehensively determining the required ventilation volume according to different water levels, CO concentrations, and NO2 concentrations, setting the number of fans and their corresponding air valves that meet the ventilation requirements, reducing ventilation power consumption and operating costs.

[0035] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above content is a further detailed description of the invention in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, simple replacements made without departing from the concept of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The above embodiments are only more representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there can be many variations. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In addition, the description of the above technical solutions is exemplary, and this specification can be embodied in different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the technical solutions set forth herein. On the contrary, providing these descriptions will make the disclosure of the present invention thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope disclosed in this specification to those skilled in the art. In addition, the technical solutions of the present invention are limited only by the scope of the claims. The features of the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined or spliced ​​with each other in part or in whole, and may be performed in various different configurations as those skilled in the art will fully understand. The embodiments of the present invention may be performed independently of each other, or may be performed together in a mutually dependent relationship.

[0037] For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, they can make several simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel, characterized by: The invention comprises two ventilation shafts (2) respectively arranged on both sides of a navigation tunnel (1), the top of the ventilation shaft (2) is directly connected to the outdoor ground and is connected to a ventilation machine room (3), a plurality of horizontal civil engineering air ducts (4) at different elevations are arranged on both sides of the navigation tunnel (1), the horizontal civil engineering air ducts (4) are arranged along the length direction of the navigation tunnel (1), a plurality of civil engineering air duct openings (5) communicating with the interior of the navigation tunnel (1) are arranged at intervals on the horizontal civil engineering air ducts (4) along the length direction of the navigation tunnel (1), the horizontal civil engineering air ducts (4) are each connected to the ventilation shaft (2) located on the same side of the navigation tunnel (1) through a civil engineering air duct cross branch hole (6), and the air inside the navigation tunnel (1) is discharged to the outside through the civil engineering air duct opening (5), the horizontal civil engineering air duct (4), the civil engineering air duct cross branch hole (6), the ventilation shaft (2) and the ventilation machine room (3) in sequence.

2. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two navigation tunnels (1) which are parallel to each other and are divided into left and right tunnels for ships to go up and down.

3. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tunnel fan (7) and a combined air valve (8) connected thereto are provided in the ventilation room (3); the tunnel fan (7) is in communication with the ventilation shaft (2); and the combined air valve (8) is in communication with the outside world.

4. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ventilation room (3) is provided with a fan control box (9) for controlling the operation of the tunnel fan (7), a damper control box (10) for controlling the operation of the combined damper (8), and a controller (11) for controlling the operation of the fan control box (9) and the damper control box (10). The navigation tunnel (1) is provided with a water level gauge (12) electrically connected to the controller (11), a CO concentration sensor (13), and a NO2 concentration sensor (14).

5. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: Several fire detectors (15) are arranged on the sides and top of the navigation tunnel (1) above the highest navigation water level, and a fire alarm controller (16) electrically connected to the fire detectors (15) is arranged at an outdoor personnel duty station. The fire alarm controller (16) is electrically connected to the fan control box (9) and the air valve control box (10).

6. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are arranged at intervals along the length of the navigation tunnel (1), with an interval of 60m to 500m.

7. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation shaft (2) is a multi-shaft structure, which is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the navigation tunnel (1), is connected to the horizontal civil air duct (5) through a plurality of civil air duct cross-branch holes (6), and is connected to the ventilation room (3) at the top of the ventilation shaft (2).

8. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the navigation tunnel (1).

9. A method for operating a ventilation and smoke exhaust system for a large navigation tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The required ventilation volume in the navigation tunnel (1) is determined according to the water level and air conditions in the navigation tunnel (1), and the ventilation room (3) is controlled to extract and discharge the air in the navigation tunnel (1) through the civil construction air duct opening (5) to the horizontal civil construction air duct (4), and then into the civil construction air duct branch hole (6), and then collected into the ventilation shaft (3), and finally discharged to the outside.

10. The method for operating the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a large navigation tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: When a fire occurs in the navigation tunnel (1), regardless of the navigation water level, the ventilation room (3) is opened to operate at the maximum smoke exhaust capacity, and the smoke in the navigation tunnel (1) is extracted through the civil construction air duct opening (5) to the horizontal civil construction air duct (4), and then enters the civil construction air duct branch hole (6), and is collected in the ventilation shaft (3), and finally discharged to the outside.

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