Micro-inverter output power optimization method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a micro inverter output power optimization method and system, and relates to the technical field of power control. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a power adjustment instruction; determining a system target total power according to the power adjustment instruction; sending power adjustment task information to a plurality of initial micro inverters, wherein the power adjustment task information comprises the system target total power, and the initial micro inverters are used for determining a power adjustment capability state according to historical operation data and the power adjustment task information; if the power adjustment capability state is unadjustable, determining that the initial micro inverter is an unadjustable micro inverter, and performing isolation control processing on the unadjustable micro inverter; if the power adjustment capability state is adjustable, determining that the initial micro inverter is an adjustable micro inverter, and performing power adjustment task distribution processing on the adjustable micro inverter. The application realizes output power optimization, and improves system stability and energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power control technology, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing the output power of a micro inverter. Background Technology

[0002] In rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power generation applications, systems consisting of multiple PV modules and corresponding microinverters are favored due to their flexibility and high tolerance to shading. These microinverters are typically connected to a home energy management system (HEMS) to monitor power generation and household electricity consumption, and manage energy interaction with the grid. As the penetration rate of distributed power sources in the grid continues to increase, power companies, in order to maintain grid stability, periodically issue power regulation commands to residential PV systems in the region, requiring them to limit the power supplied to the grid during specific periods, i.e., power reduction.

[0003] Existing home energy management systems typically employ a simple averaging control method. After calculating the total power that needs to be reduced, this method proportionally distributes the power to each microinverter under its management. However, in real-world applications, photovoltaic arrays may experience localized or dynamic shading. This simple averaging control method prevents microinverters under localized shading from maintaining a stable and proportional power regulation. Their operating points may plummet to extremely low power levels, causing a sharp drop in output power, or even near-total shutdown. This results in low system stability, excessive power reduction, and systemic power loss, leading to low energy efficiency.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose a method and system for optimizing the output power of a micro-inverter, in order to achieve...

[0006] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for optimizing the output power of a micro inverter, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Receive power adjustment commands;

[0008] The target total power of the system is determined according to the power adjustment command;

[0009] Power regulation task information is sent to several initial microinverters. The power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system. The initial microinverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information.

[0010] If the power regulation capability is in an unadjustable state, then the initial microinverter is determined to be an unadjustable microinverter, and the unadjustable microinverter is subjected to isolation control processing.

[0011] If the power regulation capability is adjustable, then the initial microinverter is determined to be an adjustable microinverter, and power regulation task allocation processing is performed on the adjustable microinverter.

[0012] In some embodiments, determining the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information includes:

[0013] Based on the power regulation task information, obtain the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine;

[0014] If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in active tracking mode, then the power regulation capability is determined to be non-adjustable.

[0015] If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in a locked state, then the output power fluctuation information is determined based on the historical operating data.

[0016] If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, then the power regulation capability is determined to be unadjustable.

[0017] If the output power fluctuation information is normal, then the power regulation capability is determined to be adjustable.

[0018] In some embodiments, the power regulation task allocation process for the adjustable microinverter includes:

[0019] Obtain the current operating status data of the adjustable microinverter;

[0020] Based on the current operating status data, determine the adjustable power range of the adjustable microinverter;

[0021] Based on the preset allocation strategy, the target total power of the system, the power of the non-adjustable microinverter, and the adjustable power range, the first power adjustment amount of the adjustable microinverter is calculated. The parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and energy loss.

[0022] A first power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, the first power setting command including the first power adjustment amount.

[0023] In some embodiments, after sending a first power setting command to the adjustable microinverter, the adjustable microinverter is configured to update the first power regulation amount, wherein updating the first power regulation amount includes:

[0024] Obtain changes in the current lighting environment;

[0025] The adjustable power range is updated based on the changes in the current lighting environment;

[0026] The first power adjustment amount is updated based on the updated adjustable power range.

[0027] In some embodiments, obtaining the current lighting environment change includes:

[0028] Get the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current;

[0029] Based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current, identify power parameter fluctuation information related to changes in illumination;

[0030] Based on the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine, identify power parameter adjustment behaviors, including active searching or large-scale operating point adjustment.

[0031] The current change in the lighting environment is determined based on the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behavior.

[0032] In some embodiments, identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to changes in illumination based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current includes:

[0033] Calculate the output power change rate based on the current output power and the historical output power;

[0034] Calculate the output voltage change rate based on the current output voltage and the historical output voltage;

[0035] Calculate the rate of change of output current based on the current output current and the historical output current;

[0036] Calculate the ratio of the change rates based on the change rate of the output power and the change rate of the output current;

[0037] Determine whether the rate of change of the output voltage is less than a preset change threshold, and obtain the rate of change determination result;

[0038] Based on the ratio of the rate of change and the result of the rate of change judgment, the power parameter fluctuation information is identified.

[0039] In some embodiments, after updating the first power regulation amount, the method further includes:

[0040] The adjustable microinverter is used to calculate the actual output power based on the updated first power adjustment amount;

[0041] Calculate the total output power based on the multiple actual output powers mentioned;

[0042] Calculate the deviation based on the total output power and the target total power of the system;

[0043] Based on the deviation, a second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, which is further configured to perform secondary power adjustment based on the second power setting command.

[0044] In some embodiments, sending a second power setting command to the adjustable microinverter based on the deviation includes:

[0045] Based on the deviation and the preset secondary allocation strategy, the second power regulation of the adjustable microinverter is calculated. The parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information.

[0046] A second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, the second power setting command including the second power adjustment amount.

[0047] In some embodiments, calculating the second power regulation of the adjustable microinverter based on the deviation and a preset secondary allocation strategy includes:

[0048] Obtain the operating parameters of the adjustable microinverter;

[0049] Based on the operating parameters, the operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information of the adjustable microinverter are evaluated to obtain the evaluation results.

[0050] The evaluation results are weighted according to preset evaluation weights to obtain a comprehensive performance index value;

[0051] Based on the comprehensive performance index value, calculate the second power regulation amount of the adjustable microinverter.

[0052] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a micro inverter output power optimization system, including:

[0053] The instruction receiving module is used to receive power adjustment instructions;

[0054] The target power determination module is used to determine the target total power of the system according to the power adjustment command;

[0055] The task information sending module is used to send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters. The power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system. The initial micro-inverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information.

[0056] An isolation control module is used to determine that the initial microinverter is a non-adjustable microinverter if the power regulation capability is in an unadjustable state, and to perform isolation control processing on the non-adjustable microinverter.

[0057] The task allocation module is used to determine that the initial microinverter is an adjustable microinverter if the power regulation capability status is adjustable, and to perform power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable microinverter.

[0058] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: The embodiments of this application first receive a power regulation command, then determine the target total power of the system according to the power regulation command, and then send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters, so that the initial micro-inverters determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and power regulation task information. If the power regulation capability status is non-adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be a non-adjustable micro-inverter, and isolation control processing is performed on the non-adjustable micro-inverter. If the power regulation capability status is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and power regulation task allocation processing is performed on the adjustable micro-inverter. In this way, output power optimization can be achieved by dividing the different power regulation capability statuses of micro-inverters, thereby improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0059] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0060] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the output power of a micro inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a micro inverter output power optimization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0064] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise stated, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if,” “when,” or “in response to a determination” as used herein may be interpreted as “when…” or “when…” or “in response to a determination.”

[0065] As used in this application, the terms "at least one", "multiple", "each", "any", etc., "at least one" includes one, two or more, "multiple" includes two or more, "each" refers to each of the corresponding multiples, and "any" refers to any one of the multiples.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0067] Before providing a detailed description of the embodiments of this application, some of the nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained first. The nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of this application are subject to the following interpretations.

[0068] Micro-inverters: These refer to inverters in photovoltaic power generation systems with a power output of 1000 watts or less and equipped with module-level MPPT (Multi-Level Photovoltaic Power Transmission Point). The full name is micro-grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. "Micro" is in contrast to traditional centralized inverters. Micro-inverters invert each module individually, offering the advantage of independent MPPT control for each module, significantly improving overall efficiency. They also avoid the problems of centralized inverters, such as high DC voltage, poor performance in low light conditions, and the "weakest link" effect.

[0069] In related technologies, traditional home energy management systems typically employ a simple averaging control strategy when executing power reduction commands from the grid. This method calculates the total power to be reduced and then proportionally distributes it to each microinverter under its management. Under ideal, uniform illumination conditions, this method can achieve power regulation. However, in real-world applications, when some microinverters operate in an unstable state due to localized and varying shading of the photovoltaic array, a uniform power reduction command can trigger a nonlinear response from these unstable microinverters. Their operating points may suddenly drop to extremely low power regions, resulting in excessive and uncontrollable reductions in output power and low system stability. This unpredictable response disrupts the overall power allocation plan, causing the total system power output to deviate from the target value, resulting in excessive power reduction and the loss of potential energy that could have been used for internal loads or grid connection within limits. This problem affects the accuracy of power control and leads to avoidable energy waste and low energy utilization.

[0070] For example, suppose a residential photovoltaic (PV) power generation system has 20 PV modules installed on its roof, each connected to a micro-inverter. These micro-inverters report their operating data to the home energy management system via power line communication. There are tall trees on the west side of the house; at certain times, their branches and leaves cast moving shadows on the roof, causing some modules in the array to be partially shaded. When the regional power dispatch system issues a power reduction command to this system due to a grid voltage exceeding limit, requiring that the power fed into the grid not exceed 2.0 kWh in the next hour, the home energy management system receives the command and calculates the total power to be reduced. Assuming the current total power generation of the PV array is 7.0 kW, the internal load power is 0.5 kW, and the target total power is 2.5 kW, then 4.5 kW needs to be reduced. Following the existing strategy, the system calculates a reduction ratio of approximately 64.3% and issues a unified command to all 20 micro-inverters, requiring them to reduce their respective output power by 64.3%. At this point, microinverters under full sunlight can stably shift their operating point from the maximum power point, reducing output power as instructed. However, microinverters partially shaded by trees exhibit a complex, multi-peaked power-voltage relationship due to uneven illumination, with a steep operating point region. When the uniform reduction command arrives, these microinverters attempt to adjust their operating point, but even minor voltage adjustments cause their operating point to slip into an extremely low power region, with output power plummeting from an average of 300 watts to less than 30 watts. This non-linear response results in a significantly higher actual power reduction than expected, with the total generated power stabilizing at approximately 1.2 kW instead of the target 2.5 kW. This excessive reduction leads to a 1.3 kW energy loss, which could have been used to supply indoor loads or for grid connection within limits.

[0071] The aforementioned issues result in residential photovoltaic (PV) systems continuously facing challenges in power control accuracy when executing grid power regulation commands. The system's inability to precisely stabilize total power generation at the target value may lead to excessive power reduction, resulting in a loss of usable energy. This loss not only impacts the user's economic benefits but also reduces the overall energy efficiency of the PV system. Furthermore, unstable power response can negatively affect grid stability, as the system's inability to precisely output power according to grid commands may exacerbate voltage fluctuations or frequency deviations. In the long term, the limitations of this control method will hinder the deep integration and large-scale application of distributed PV systems in the grid, as it cannot meet the grid's requirements for controllability and stability.

[0072] In view of this, this application first considers real-time modeling and prediction of the power voltage (PV) curve of each microinverter to identify whether its operating point is in a steep region, thereby avoiding power regulation. However, real-time modeling and prediction of complex and dynamically changing PV curves requires a large amount of computing resources and high-precision sensors, and the accuracy and real-time performance of the model are difficult to guarantee when illumination changes rapidly, which increases the complexity and cost of the system. To address this, this application further considers judging the power regulation capability of the microinverter based on its own operating status and historical data. For example, each microinverter can be allowed to autonomously determine whether it is suitable for power regulation based on the status of its internal maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine and the fluctuation of its output power. If the microinverter is in a state of actively tracking the maximum power point, or if its output power fluctuates abnormally, it indicates that its operating state is unstable and it is not suitable for power regulation. Conversely, if the microinverter is in a locked-up state and the output power fluctuation is normal, it is considered to have regulation capability. Based on this judgment, micro-inverters that are not suitable for regulation can be isolated, while the power regulation task can be assigned to those micro-inverters that can respond stably, thereby achieving precise control of the total system power and improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0073] The embodiments of this application will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0074] Figure 1 This is an optional flowchart of a micro-inverter output power optimization method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 The method may include, but is not limited to, steps S101 to S105.

[0075] Step S101: Receive power adjustment command;

[0076] Step S102: Determine the target total power of the system according to the power adjustment command;

[0077] Step S103: Send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters. The power regulation task information includes the total target power of the system. The initial micro-inverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and power regulation task information.

[0078] Step S104: If the power regulation capability is not adjustable, then the initial micro-inverter is determined to be a non-adjustable micro-inverter, and isolation control processing is performed on the non-adjustable micro-inverter.

[0079] Step S105: If the power regulation capability is adjustable, then the initial microinverter is determined to be an adjustable microinverter, and the power regulation task allocation process is performed on the adjustable microinverter.

[0080] Steps S101 to S105 as shown in the embodiments of this application can optimize the output power by dividing the micro-inverter into different power regulation capability states, thereby improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0081] In some embodiments, steps S101-S105 of this embodiment aim to solve the problem in the prior art where, when some microinverters operate unstablely due to shading or other reasons, the use of an average power distribution strategy results in inaccurate power reduction and power generation loss. This embodiment identifies the adjustability of the microinverter and treats adjustable and non-adjustable microinverters differently, thereby controlling the total output power more accurately.

[0082] The system can first receive power regulation commands, then determine the target total power of the system based on these commands, and finally send power regulation task information, including the target total power, to several initial microinverters. Upon receiving the power regulation task information, each initial microinverter can evaluate its own power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information. This evaluation mechanism allows each microinverter to autonomously determine whether it is in a stable state suitable for power regulation based on its current operating environment and historical performance. If the power regulation capability status is non-adjustable, for example, when it is under local shading resulting in a complex multi-peak power-voltage curve, then the initial microinverter is determined to be a non-adjustable microinverter and is isolated. This means it will no longer participate in active power regulation, thus avoiding severe, nonlinear output fluctuations in unstable states that could affect the overall system stability. If the power regulation capability is adjustable, for example, when it is under full sunlight and operating stably, the initial microinverter is determined to be an adjustable microinverter, and the power regulation task is assigned to the adjustable microinverter. This allows the overall power regulation task to be accurately assigned to those microinverters that can respond stably, ensuring that the total output power of the system can accurately reach the preset target, while avoiding power generation loss caused by improper adjustment.

[0083] As can be understood, a power regulation command refers to a command issued by an external system (such as a power grid dispatching system) that requires the home energy management system to adjust its output power. This command can take the form of digital signals, communication protocol messages, or manual input. Its purpose is to initiate the entire power optimization process and set the total power target that the system needs to achieve. Historical operating data refers to the microinverter's own operating parameters recorded over a period of time, such as output power, output voltage, output current, maximum power point tracking status, and ambient light intensity. This data can be stored in the microinverter's internal memory or uploaded to a cloud server. Its purpose is to evaluate the microinverter's current operational stability and its responsiveness to power regulation commands.

[0084] To illustrate this technical solution more clearly, a specific example is used below. When a home energy management system receives a power reduction command from the grid, it calculates the required total system power based on the command. Subsequently, it broadcasts the power regulation task information, including this target total power, to all initial microinverters under its management. Specifically, suppose one initial microinverter is under tree shade; its historical operating data may show large fluctuations in output power, frequent searches by the maximum power point tracking subroutine, or locking onto local peaks—indicating instability. Based on this historical operating data and the received task information, this microinverter determines its power regulation capability is non-adjustable. At this point, the microinverter is identified as non-adjustable and isolated; for example, it may be instructed to maintain its current output power or temporarily not respond to any power regulation commands to prevent drastic fluctuations in an unstable state. Meanwhile, another initial microinverter under full sunlight may show stable output and maximum power point tracking in its historical operating data; therefore, it will determine its power regulation capability is adjustable. The microinverter is identified as an adjustable microinverter and included in the power regulation task allocation process. The system will assign a specific power regulation amount to it based on its adjustability, enabling it to stably adjust its output and thus jointly achieve the system's target total power.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can intelligently identify and distinguish the power regulation capability status of microinverters, isolate and control the unstable, non-adjustable microinverters, and precisely allocate power regulation tasks to adjustable microinverters. This effectively avoids drastic fluctuations in output power and systemic power generation loss caused by forced regulation of some microinverters under local shading or complex lighting conditions. Ultimately, the total system output power can be precisely stabilized at the preset system target total power, thereby strictly adhering to the power constraints of the grid and maximizing the power generation efficiency and economic benefits of the photovoltaic system.

[0086] In some embodiments, in step S103, determining the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and power regulation task information may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0087] Based on the power regulation task information, obtain the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine;

[0088] If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in active tracking mode, then the power regulation capability is determined to be non-adjustable.

[0089] If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in a locked state, then the output power fluctuation information is determined based on historical operating data.

[0090] If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, then the power regulation capability status is determined to be non-adjustable.

[0091] If the output power fluctuation information is normal, then the power regulation capability status is determined to be adjustable.

[0092] In some embodiments, relying solely on historical operating data and power regulation task information may not accurately determine the true state of a microinverter. For example, the state of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine directly affects the microinverter's regulation capability, and fluctuations in output power can reflect whether the microinverter is in a stable operating state. Therefore, a more precise determination of the microinverter's power regulation capability status is needed to avoid misjudgments.

[0093] First, based on the power regulation task information, the status of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine can be obtained. This subroutine's status reflects the current operating mode and stability of the microinverter. If the MPPT control subroutine is in an active tracking state, it indicates that the microinverter is actively searching for the maximum power point, and its operating point is not yet stable. Power regulation at this time may lead to poor regulation results or even system instability; therefore, the power regulation capability is determined to be non-adjustable. If the MPPT control subroutine is in a locked-and-maintain state, it indicates that the microinverter has stabilized at a certain operating point. However, even in the locked-and-maintain state, the microinverter's output power may fluctuate abnormally due to external environmental or internal factors. Therefore, historical operating data can be used to determine output power fluctuation information, and by analyzing this information, the stability of the microinverter's current output power can be judged. If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, it indicates that the micro-inverter is still unstable and not suitable for precise power regulation. The power regulation capability is determined to be non-adjustable. If the output power fluctuation information is normal, it indicates that the micro-inverter is currently stable and can perform reliable power regulation. The power regulation capability is determined to be adjustable.

[0094] Understandably, the state of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine refers to the current operating mode of the control algorithm within the microinverter used to track the maximum power output point of the photovoltaic (PV) modules. This can be achieved by reading specific flag bits or state variables in the microinverter's internal registers. Its purpose is to reflect whether the microinverter is actively adjusting its operating point to find maximum power output or has already stabilized at a certain operating point. The active tracking state indicates that the MPPT control subroutine is actively and continuously adjusting the microinverter's operating voltage and current to search for and lock onto the PV modules' maximum power output point. This can be achieved by using algorithms such as perturbation observation or incremental conductance methods, making exploratory movements with small or large steps on the power-voltage curve. Its purpose is to indicate that the microinverter's current operating point is not yet stable and is in a dynamic adjustment process, making external power regulation unsuitable. The locked-in state refers to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine successfully finding and stabilizing at the maximum power output point (or local maximum power point) of the photovoltaic module, and maintaining this operating point to achieve stable power output. This can be achieved by the MPPT algorithm entering a stable mode and making only minor disturbances to confirm whether the operating point is still optimal, or by temporarily stopping large-scale tracking under specific conditions. Its purpose is to indicate that the current operating point of the micro-inverter is relatively stable and has the basis for external power regulation.

[0095] To illustrate this technical solution more clearly, a specific example is provided below. When the microinverter receives power regulation task information, its internal controller can first read the status register or flag bits of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine by accessing its firmware or a dedicated communication interface. For example, if a specific bit in the register is set to "1", it indicates that it is currently in active tracking mode, and the microinverter will immediately report its own power regulation capability status as unadjustable. If the read status register shows a locked state, the microinverter will further analyze its recent historical output power data. This historical data can be stored in the microinverter's internal cache or non-volatile memory. The microinverter can calculate the standard deviation or mean absolute deviation of this historical output power data and compare it with a preset fluctuation threshold. For example, if the calculated standard deviation exceeds a preset threshold, the output power fluctuation information is judged as abnormal, and the power regulation capability status is determined to be unadjustable. Conversely, if the standard deviation is below the threshold, the output power fluctuation information is judged as normal, and the power regulation capability status is determined to be adjustable. In this way, it is possible to dynamically and accurately determine whether a microinverter has the ability to regulate power based on its real-time internal operating status and output stability.

[0096] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can comprehensively consider the status of the microinverter's maximum power point tracking control subroutine and output power fluctuation information, thereby more accurately judging the power regulation capability status of the microinverter. This avoids misjudgments that may be caused by relying solely on historical operating data and power regulation task information, ensuring that power regulation is not performed when the microinverter's operating state is unstable, thus improving the accuracy of power regulation and system stability, and effectively avoiding power generation loss caused by improper regulation.

[0097] In some embodiments, step S105, which involves power regulation task allocation processing for the adjustable microinverter, may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0098] Acquire the current operating status data of the adjustable microinverter;

[0099] Based on the current operating status data, determine the adjustable power range of the adjustable microinverter;

[0100] Based on the preset allocation strategy, the system target total power, the power of the non-adjustable microinverter and the adjustable power range, calculate the first power adjustment of the adjustable microinverter. The parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life and energy loss.

[0101] Send a first power setting command to the adjustable microinverter, the first power setting command including a first power adjustment amount.

[0102] In some embodiments, the current operating status data of the adjustable microinverter can be acquired first. Then, based on the current operating status data, the adjustable power range of the adjustable microinverter can be determined, thereby ensuring that subsequent power adjustment commands do not exceed the physical or performance limitations of the equipment, avoiding equipment damage or a sudden drop in efficiency due to over-adjustment. Then, based on a preset allocation strategy, the system target total power, the power of the non-adjustable microinverter, and the adjustable power range, the first power adjustment amount of the adjustable microinverter is calculated. The parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and energy loss. For example, microinverters with high current operating efficiency, minimal impact on equipment lifespan, or low energy loss can be intelligently selected for priority adjustment, or a balanced allocation can be performed according to specific weights, thereby maximizing the long-term operating benefits and stability of the entire photovoltaic system while meeting the system's total power target. For instance, when power reduction is required, microinverters with smooth power-voltage curves and stable adjustment responses under current illumination and temperature conditions can be prioritized for adjustment, while avoiding significant adjustments to microinverters operating in complex shade or unstable operating points, ensuring the rationality and effectiveness of the power adjustment task. Finally, a first power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, wherein the first power setting command includes a first power adjustment amount. Thus, each adjustable microinverter can adjust its power output according to its assigned precise task, thereby ensuring that the total output power of the entire photovoltaic system is accurately stabilized at the preset system target total power, avoiding excessive power reduction or waste caused by abnormal response of some microinverters in existing technologies.

[0103] It is understandable that a preset allocation strategy refers to a set of optimization rules or algorithms followed when allocating power regulation tasks. Specifically, it can be based on pre-set weights or priorities, taking into account factors such as the operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and energy loss of each adjustable microinverter in the system. For example, tasks can be preferentially allocated to microinverters with high current operating efficiency, low equipment lifespan loss, or low energy loss. The purpose is to optimize the long-term operating performance and economic benefits of the entire photovoltaic system while meeting the total power target of the system.

[0104] To illustrate this technical solution more clearly, a specific example is provided below. A central controller or energy management unit can continuously acquire current operating status data from each adjustable microinverter. This data may include, but is not limited to, the microinverter's output voltage, output current, internal temperature, cooling fan speed, and historical fault records. For example, via power line communication (PLC) or wireless communication modules, the microinverters can periodically report this data to the central controller. Furthermore, the central controller dynamically determines the adjustable power range of each adjustable microinverter based on the received current operating status data. Specifically, if the internal temperature of a microinverter is too high, the upper limit of its adjustable power range may be limited to prevent overheating; if its output voltage or current approaches its rated limits, its adjustable power range may also be adjusted accordingly. For example, a microinverter may be allowed to adjust between 50W and 300W under normal operating temperature, but at high temperatures, its upper limit may be limited to 250W. Based on this, the central controller calculates the initial power regulation for each adjustable microinverter according to a preset allocation strategy, the system's target total power, and the total power of all non-adjustable microinverters in the current system. The preset allocation strategy can be set to prioritize adjusting microinverters with operating efficiencies higher than 95%, or those with shorter cumulative operating time and lower equipment lifespan losses. Alternatively, it can be an optimization algorithm that allocates power regulation by minimizing the total system energy loss. If the system's target total power is 2.5kW, and the total power of the non-adjustable microinverters is 0.5kW, then the adjustable microinverters need to collectively handle 2.0kW of power output. The central controller calculates the initial power regulation for each microinverter based on its adjustable power range and the preset allocation strategy. For example, a highly efficient microinverter might be allocated 200W, while a slightly less efficient one might be allocated 180W. Finally, the central controller sends a first power setting command containing the calculated initial power regulation to the corresponding adjustable microinverter. These instructions can be a digital signal that directs the microinverter to adjust its output power to a specified first power regulation level. Upon receiving the instruction, the microinverter's internal power regulation module adjusts its operating point accordingly, thereby achieving precise power output control.

[0105] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment enables precise allocation of power regulation tasks for adjustable microinverters. By acquiring the current operating status data of the microinverters and determining their adjustable power range, it ensures that power regulation commands are executed within the safety and performance boundaries of the equipment, avoiding equipment damage or efficiency degradation caused by improper adjustment. Furthermore, by introducing a preset allocation strategy, comprehensively considering factors such as operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and energy loss, power allocation is no longer a simple averaging but is optimized according to the specific situation of each microinverter, thereby maximizing the long-term operating performance and economic benefits of the entire photovoltaic system. As a result, the total system power can be accurately stabilized at the target value, effectively solving the problems of inaccurate power control and energy waste in existing technologies.

[0106] In some embodiments, after sending a first power setting command to the adjustable microinverter, the adjustable microinverter is used to update a first power regulation amount. Updating the first power regulation amount may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0107] Step S201: Obtain changes in the current lighting environment;

[0108] Step S202: Update the adjustable power range according to changes in the current lighting environment;

[0109] Step S203: Update the first power adjustment amount according to the updated adjustable power range.

[0110] In some embodiments, since the lighting environment is constantly changing during actual operation, especially in the presence of shadows, changes in lighting can cause changes in the adjustable power range of the adjustable microinverter. If the power is still adjusted according to a fixed amount, it may lead to inaccurate power regulation and even affect the stable operation of the system.

[0111] To improve the accuracy of power regulation, continuous monitoring and acquisition of changes in the current lighting environment are crucial. This real-time sensing capability is the foundation for dynamic adjustment, enabling the system to promptly capture the impact of lighting conditions (such as shadow movement or intensity fluctuations) on the power generation capacity of the micro-inverter. Since lighting conditions directly determine the maximum power point of photovoltaic modules and their output characteristics at different operating points, they affect the upper and lower limits of the actual power regulation capabilities of the micro-inverter. The adjustable power range can be updated based on changes in the current lighting environment. This embodiment, by dynamically updating the adjustable power range, ensures that subsequent power adjustments remain within the safe and effective range currently achievable by the micro-inverter, avoiding regulation failures or system instability caused by adjustment commands exceeding equipment capabilities due to changes in lighting. The first power adjustment is then updated based on the updated adjustable power range. This means that even after the initial power allocation is complete, the original adjustment target can be corrected based on the latest environmental information and equipment capabilities. This correction ensures that the power setting command received by the microinverter is highly matched with the current actual operating conditions, thereby avoiding power output deviations caused by the microinverter executing outdated or inaccurate commands when the lighting changes.

[0112] Understandably, changes in the current lighting environment refer to changes in the lighting conditions of the microinverter, such as changes in light intensity, shadow coverage, or lighting uniformity. These changes can be obtained in various ways, such as by direct measurement using a light sensor or by indirectly judging by analyzing the fluctuation trend of the microinverter's output power parameters. The purpose is to provide real-time and accurate environmental data for subsequent power regulation updates.

[0113] To illustrate this technical solution more clearly, a specific example is provided below. The microinverter can acquire information about changes in the current lighting environment. For example, it can use internal sensors or algorithms to detect the output power, output voltage, and output current of the photovoltaic modules in real time. When fluctuations in these electrical parameters related to changes in lighting are detected, such as a sudden drop in output power or the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine entering active search mode, the system can determine that the current lighting environment has changed, for example, due to cloud cover or shifting shadows. Subsequently, based on the acquired changes in the current lighting environment, the microinverter updates its adjustable power range. For example, if the light intensity decreases or shadows appear, the microinverter reassesses the current maximum power point of its photovoltaic modules and adjusts the upper limit of the power it can safely output accordingly. For instance, if the original maximum output power was 500 watts, after shadowing, its maximum output power may drop to 300 watts, and the upper limit of the adjustable power range will be updated accordingly to 300 watts. Finally, based on the updated adjustable power range, the microinverter updates the first power regulation amount. This means that if the initial power setting command instructs the microinverter to reduce its output power from 400 watts to 300 watts (i.e., an adjustment of 100 watts), but after a change in lighting conditions, its new maximum output power is only 300 watts, the system will recalculate to ensure that the updated initial power adjustment ensures the microinverter's actual output power target falls within the new adjustable power range. For example, it might adjust the target output power to 250 watts to accommodate the new lighting conditions, thus ensuring the accuracy and feasibility of power regulation.

[0114] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can dynamically adapt to changes in the lighting environment after sending an initial power setting command to the adjustable microinverter. By acquiring changes in the lighting environment in real time and updating the adjustable power range of the microinverter accordingly, it ensures that the power adjustment amount always matches the actual adjustment capability of the microinverter under the current lighting conditions. This avoids problems such as inaccurate adjustment or system instability caused by adjustment commands exceeding the device's capabilities due to changes in lighting conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of power adjustment and the operational stability of the system, and ensuring precise power output control of the photovoltaic system in dynamic environments.

[0115] In some embodiments, obtaining the current changes in the lighting environment in step S201 may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0116] Step S301: Obtain the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current;

[0117] Step S302: Identify power parameter fluctuation information related to changes in illumination based on the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current;

[0118] Step S303: Based on the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine, identify the power parameter adjustment behavior, which includes active search or large-scale operating point adjustment.

[0119] Step S304: Determine the current changes in the lighting environment based on the power parameter fluctuation information and power parameter adjustment behavior.

[0120] In some embodiments, simply relying on a light sensor not only increases hardware costs, but also makes the sensor susceptible to environmental factors such as dust and temperature, leading to inaccurate measurement results in practical applications. Furthermore, light conditions can change very rapidly, especially with moving clouds, and traditional light sensors may fail to capture these rapid changes in time, thus affecting the accuracy and efficiency of power regulation.

[0121] To improve the accuracy of acquiring information about changes in the lighting environment, the current output power, voltage, and current current can be acquired first. These real-time power parameters directly reflect the operating status of the photovoltaic (PV) module, providing fundamental data for subsequent judgment of lighting changes. Then, based on the current output power, voltage, and current, fluctuations in power parameters related to lighting changes are identified. Changes in light intensity cause fluctuations in the output characteristics of the PV module; analyzing these power parameter fluctuations allows for the initial detection of signs of changes in the lighting environment. Next, based on the state of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine, power parameter adjustment behaviors are identified. These behaviors include active searching or significant operating point adjustments. When significant changes occur in lighting conditions, the MPPT control subroutine typically transitions from a locked state to actively searching for a new maximum power point or makes significant operating point adjustments to adapt to the new lighting conditions. These adjustment behaviors are the microinverter's inherent response to lighting changes. Finally, based on the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behaviors, the current lighting environment change is determined. By combining information on power parameter fluctuations and power parameter adjustment behavior for comprehensive judgment, it is possible to effectively distinguish between fluctuations caused by changes in illumination and fluctuations caused by other factors, thereby more accurately determining the current changes in the illumination environment.

[0122] Understandably, power parameter fluctuation information refers to analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the microinverter's output power, output voltage, and output current over time to determine whether there are abnormal fluctuations in power parameters caused by changes in light intensity. This can be achieved by calculating the parameter change rate, monitoring the parameter fluctuation amplitude, or analyzing the parameter change trend. Active search refers to the systematic exploration process performed by the maximum power point tracking control subroutine to find a new maximum power point, which can be manifested as scanning or perturbing the power-voltage curve. Significant operating point adjustment refers to a significant change in the microinverter's operating voltage or current to adapt to new operating conditions, which can be manifested as a large shift in the operating point on the power-voltage curve.

[0123] To illustrate this technical solution more clearly, a specific example is provided below. The controller inside the micro-inverter periodically (e.g., every 100 milliseconds) acquires the instantaneous values ​​of the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current. To identify power parameter fluctuations related to changes in illumination, the controller compares the currently acquired output power with historical output power from the previous moment or over a period of time to calculate the output power change rate; similarly, it calculates the output voltage change rate and output current change rate. For example, the instantaneous or average change rates of these parameters can be calculated. Subsequently, the proportional relationship between the output power change rate and the output current change rate can be calculated. For example, when illumination increases, power and current typically increase significantly in the same direction, while voltage changes relatively little. Simultaneously, the controller can determine whether the output voltage change rate is less than a preset threshold, obtaining a change rate judgment result, because voltage is generally more stable than power and current during illumination changes. Finally, combining the change rate proportional relationship and the change rate judgment result, power parameter fluctuations are identified. For example, if the power and current change rates are in the same direction and have large amplitudes, while the voltage change rate is small, it can be preliminarily determined that the fluctuation is caused by changes in illumination. Furthermore, to identify power parameter adjustment behavior, the controller can monitor the status of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine in real time. For example, if the MPPT control subroutine is executing a large disturbance step in the "disturbance observation method," or if it detects a large step adjustment due to the operating point moving away from the maximum power point in the "incremental conductance method," this can be identified as active search or large operating point adjustment behavior. When the controller detects power parameter fluctuations that match the characteristics of light changes, and the MPPT control subroutine simultaneously exhibits active search or large operating point adjustment behavior, it can be determined that the current lighting environment has changed. For example, when a significant increase in output power and current is detected in a short period of time, while the MPPT control subroutine is searching for a new maximum power point, it can be determined that the lighting is enhanced; conversely, when output power and current decrease significantly, and the MPPT control subroutine is making a large operating point adjustment to adapt to low lighting conditions, it can be determined that the lighting is weakened. This combined judgment method can effectively avoid misjudgments caused by non-light factors such as load fluctuations or internal noise, thereby improving the accuracy of judging changes in the lighting environment.

[0124] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can accurately acquire changes in the current lighting environment without the need for an additional light sensor. This embodiment effectively distinguishes between real fluctuations caused by changes in lighting and interference caused by other factors (such as load changes) by comprehensively analyzing the fluctuation information of the micro-inverter's own output power, output voltage, and output current, and combining this with the power parameter adjustment behavior reflected in the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine. This allows the system to overcome the problems of traditional light sensors being susceptible to environmental factors, inaccurate measurements, and slow response to rapid changes in lighting. This provides accurate and real-time data on changes in the lighting environment for subsequent updates to the adjustable power range and the first power adjustment amount, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the micro-inverter's power regulation and ensuring stable operation and optimized power generation under dynamic lighting conditions.

[0125] In some embodiments, in step S302, identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to changes in illumination based on the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0126] Calculate the rate of change of output power based on the current output power and the historical output power;

[0127] Calculate the output voltage change rate based on the current output voltage and historical output voltage;

[0128] Calculate the rate of change of output current based on the current output current and historical output current;

[0129] Calculate the ratio of the change rates based on the change rates of output power and output current;

[0130] Determine whether the rate of change of the output voltage is less than a preset threshold, and obtain the rate of change judgment result;

[0131] Based on the ratio of change rate and the result of the change rate judgment, identify the fluctuation information of power parameters.

[0132] In some embodiments, when judging based on the instantaneous change of a single parameter, there is a lack of comprehensive consideration of the interrelationship between multiple power parameters. This may lead to misjudgments caused by load changes, grid fluctuations, or other non-lighting factors, making it impossible to accurately distinguish the true changes in lighting, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent power regulation.

[0133] The interrelationships between multiple power parameters can be comprehensively considered. First, the output power change rate can be calculated based on the current and historical output power. Then, the output voltage change rate can be calculated based on the current and historical output voltage. Finally, the output current change rate can be calculated based on the current and historical output current. These change rates quantify the dynamic trends of each power parameter over time, rather than relying solely on instantaneous values, thus better capturing the continuous impact of changes in sunlight. Next, the ratio of change rates is calculated based on the output power and output current change rates. Since power and current in a photovoltaic system typically exhibit synchronous increases and decreases when sunlight changes, analyzing the ratio of their change rates can effectively eliminate interference affecting only a single parameter. For example, a sudden load change might cause a large change in current while the power change is relatively insignificant. In this case, the ratio of change rates will deviate from the typical pattern during sunlight changes, thus avoiding misjudgment. Finally, it is determined whether the output voltage change rate is less than a preset change threshold to obtain the change rate judgment result. Voltage is relatively stable during normal operation of a photovoltaic system; large fluctuations often indicate system abnormalities or drastic adjustments to the operating point. By setting a threshold, a gradual change in illumination can be distinguished from drastic voltage fluctuations that may be caused by other factors. For example, if the voltage change rate exceeds the threshold, it may indicate that the microinverter is undergoing a significant maximum power point tracking adjustment or a fault, rather than simply a change in illumination. Finally, based on the ratio of change rates and the result of the change rate judgment, power parameter fluctuation information is identified. This multi-dimensional, multi-parameter cross-validation mechanism makes the identification process more robust against interference. For example, only when the ratio of power and current change rates matches the expected pattern of illumination change, and the voltage change rate is within the normal range, will it be identified as a fluctuation caused by illumination change. Compared to methods that rely solely on a single parameter or simple threshold judgment, this improves the accuracy of illumination change identification and reduces false alarms.

[0134] It is understandable that the rate of change ratio refers to the numerical ratio or functional relationship between the rate of change of output power and the rate of change of output current. It can be achieved by directly dividing the two, by regression analysis, or by using a preset lookup table. Its purpose is to quantify the synchronous or asynchronous trends of power and current under changes in illumination, so as to distinguish between changes in illumination and other interference factors.

[0135] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can comprehensively analyze the changes in the output power, output voltage, and output current of the micro-inverter. By calculating the respective rates of change, the ratio of power to current change rates, and determining whether the voltage change rate is within the normal range, it can identify changes in illumination. This multi-dimensional, multi-parameter cross-validation mechanism effectively avoids misjudgments caused by accidental fluctuations of a single parameter or non-illumination factors (such as load changes or maximum power point tracking adjustments), improving the accuracy and reliability of illumination change identification. This provides a more accurate and stable input for subsequent power regulation, thereby ensuring system operating efficiency and stability and avoiding additional power generation losses.

[0136] In some embodiments, after updating the first power regulation amount, the method of this embodiment may further include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0137] An adjustable microinverter is used to calculate the actual output power based on the updated first power regulation.

[0138] Calculate the total output power based on multiple actual output power values;

[0139] Calculate the deviation based on the total output power and the system target total power;

[0140] Based on the deviation, a second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, which is also used to perform secondary power adjustment based on the second power setting command.

[0141] In some embodiments, relying solely on the updated first power regulation amount for power regulation may not accurately bring the total output power to the system target total power. This is because the actual microinverter output may deviate, or rapid changes in the lighting environment may exceed the adjustment range of the first power regulation amount. Furthermore, simply adjusting the power unidirectionally based on changes in lighting without real-time monitoring and feedback correction of the actual output power may lead to a deviation between the system's total output power and the preset target. This approach cannot cope with the uncertainties caused by individual differences in microinverters or instantaneous environmental fluctuations, thus affecting the accuracy and stability of power regulation.

[0142] To improve the accuracy of power regulation, the adjustable microinverters first calculate the actual output power based on the updated first power regulation value. Then, the system aggregates the multiple actual output power values ​​reported by all adjustable microinverters to calculate the total output power, thus determining the current total output power of the entire photovoltaic array. This total output power reflects the system's actual power generation capacity. Next, based on the total output power and the system's target total power, the deviation is calculated. This deviation directly reflects the gap between the current system output and the desired target. Finally, based on the deviation, a second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverters, which then perform secondary power regulation according to this command. This secondary power regulation further corrects and optimizes the first power regulation value based on changes in the lighting environment.

[0143] Understandably, secondary power regulation refers to the further adjustment of the current output power of an adjustable microinverter after receiving a second power setting command. Specifically, this can be achieved by fine-tuning its operating point or output current. Its purpose is to eliminate or reduce the deviation between the total output power and the system's target total power.

[0144] Through the above technical solution, after updating the first power adjustment amount according to changes in the lighting environment, this embodiment can monitor the actual output power of the adjustable microinverter in real time and calculate the total output power. By comparing this total output power with the system's target total power, the deviation between the two can be accurately calculated. Based on this deviation, the system can send a second power setting command to the adjustable microinverter to guide it to perform secondary power adjustment. This closed-loop feedback control mechanism enables the system to dynamically correct power deviations caused by individual differences in microinverters, measurement errors, or rapid changes in the lighting environment, thereby ensuring that the total output power of the entire photovoltaic system can be accurately stabilized at the system's target total power, avoiding excessive power reduction or underpowerment, and improving the accuracy of power adjustment and the stability of the system.

[0145] In some embodiments, sending a second power setting command to the adjustable microinverter based on the deviation may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0146] Step S401: Calculate the second power regulation of the adjustable micro-inverter based on the deviation and the preset secondary distribution strategy. The parameters of the preset secondary distribution strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan and load balancing information.

[0147] Step S402: Send a second power setting command to the adjustable micro inverter. The second power setting command includes a second power adjustment amount.

[0148] In some embodiments, since secondary adjustment is performed solely based on the deviation amount, it may lead to unreasonable allocation during the adjustment process. For example, some micro-inverters with low operating efficiency or nearing the end of their equipment lifespan may be assigned too many adjustment tasks, thereby affecting the long-term stability and efficiency of the entire system.

[0149] To more rationally allocate secondary power regulation tasks, taking into account factors such as operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing, the second power regulation amount of the adjustable microinverter can be calculated based on the deviation and a preset secondary allocation strategy. The parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information. For example, regulation tasks can be preferentially allocated to microinverters with higher current operating efficiency to ensure that power regulation requirements are met while maximizing system energy output. This avoids placing excessive regulation pressure on microinverters nearing the end of their lifespan, thereby extending their service life and reducing system maintenance costs. The load balancing of each microinverter can be considered to prevent some microinverters from operating at high or low loads for extended periods, thus dispersing system pressure and improving overall operational stability and reliability, thereby calculating a more reasonable second power regulation amount for each adjustable microinverter. Then, a second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter to guide it in performing precise secondary power regulation. This second power setting command includes the second power regulation amount.

[0150] Understandably, a preset secondary power allocation strategy refers to a set of rules used to guide power allocation during secondary power regulation. This can be implemented using methods such as weighted allocation, priority ranking, or optimization algorithms, with the aim of ensuring the rationality of power regulation tasks and optimizing overall system performance. Operating efficiency refers to the efficiency with which a micro-inverter converts DC power generated by photovoltaic modules into AC power under its current operating state. It can be evaluated using real-time efficiency data, historical average efficiency, or efficiency curves, with the aim of prioritizing the use of high-efficiency equipment to increase the overall power generation of the system.

[0151] Through the above technical solution, when performing secondary power regulation, this embodiment can calculate the second power regulation amount based on the deviation amount and in conjunction with a preset secondary allocation strategy, comprehensively considering the operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information of the micro-inverter. This avoids unreasonable allocation that may result from simply adjusting based on the deviation amount; for example, it avoids assigning too many regulation tasks to micro-inverters with low operating efficiency or nearing the end of their equipment lifespan. Therefore, this embodiment can achieve a more refined and reasonable allocation of power regulation tasks, thereby improving the long-term operating efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system, extending equipment lifespan, and improving load balancing, thus enhancing the stability and reliability of the system.

[0152] In some embodiments, step S401, calculating the second power regulation amount of the adjustable microinverter based on the deviation amount and the preset secondary allocation strategy, may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0153] Obtain the operating parameters of the adjustable microinverter;

[0154] Based on the operating parameters, the operating efficiency, equipment life and load balancing information of the adjustable microinverter are evaluated, and the evaluation results are obtained.

[0155] The evaluation results are weighted according to the preset evaluation weights to obtain the comprehensive performance index value;

[0156] Based on the comprehensive performance index values, calculate the second power regulation of the adjustable microinverter.

[0157] In some embodiments, since only a preset secondary allocation strategy is considered, the allocated second power regulation amount may not be optimal. For example, it may lead to problems such as low operating efficiency, large equipment life loss, or unbalanced load for some adjustable microinverters.

[0158] To accurately calculate the second power regulation amount, the operating parameters of the adjustable microinverters are first obtained. These parameters reflect the current operating status and historical performance of each microinverter in real time. Then, based on these operating parameters, the operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information of the adjustable microinverters are evaluated to obtain evaluation results. This evaluation process aims to identify the suitability of each microinverter for undertaking power regulation tasks in the current and future periods. The evaluation results are then weighted according to preset evaluation weights to obtain a comprehensive performance index value. Since different performance dimensions may have varying importance to the overall system operation, introducing weights ensures that when allocating power regulation tasks, the system prioritizes inverters that contribute more to overall performance or avoids placing additional burdens on inverters with poor performance. Finally, the second power regulation amount of the adjustable microinverter is calculated based on the comprehensive performance index value. Microinverters with higher comprehensive performance index values ​​indicate that their current state is more suitable for power regulation, and therefore they can be assigned more regulation tasks; conversely, microinverters with lower comprehensive performance index values ​​will be assigned fewer regulation tasks, or even none.

[0159] Understandably, operating parameters refer to various real-time data generated by an adjustable microinverter during actual operation, which can be characterized by data such as current, voltage, power, temperature, operating time, number of switching operations, fault records, and historical load rate.

[0160] Through the above technical solution, when performing secondary power regulation, this embodiment no longer relies solely on a preset fixed allocation strategy, but can dynamically and meticulously evaluate the actual operating status of each adjustable microinverter. This evaluation considers multiple dimensions such as operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing, and obtains a comprehensive performance index value through weighted processing. This ensures that the allocation of power regulation tasks fully reflects the performance advantages and disadvantages and suitability of each microinverter. Therefore, the second power regulation amount can be more rationally allocated to each adjustable microinverter, avoiding overuse or inefficient use of certain microinverters, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system, extending the service life of the equipment, and achieving load balancing among the microinverters. Ultimately, this allows the total system power to more accurately and stably approach the target value.

[0161] The beneficial effects of implementing the embodiments of the present invention include: the embodiments of this application first receive a power adjustment command, then determine the target total power of the system according to the power adjustment command, and then send power adjustment task information to several initial micro-inverters, so that the initial micro-inverters determine the power adjustment capability status according to historical operating data and power adjustment task information. If the power adjustment capability status is non-adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be a non-adjustable micro-inverter, and isolation control processing is performed on the non-adjustable micro-inverter. If the power adjustment capability status is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and power adjustment task allocation processing is performed on the adjustable micro-inverter. In this way, output power optimization can be achieved by dividing the different power adjustment capability statuses of micro-inverters, thereby improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0162] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a micro inverter output power optimization system, comprising:

[0163] Command receiving module 501 is used to receive power adjustment commands;

[0164] The target power determination module 502 is used to determine the total target power of the system according to the power adjustment command;

[0165] The task information sending module 503 is used to send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters. The power regulation task information includes the system target total power. The initial micro-inverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and power regulation task information.

[0166] The isolation control module 504 is used to determine that the initial microinverter is a non-adjustable microinverter if the power regulation capability is non-adjustable, and to perform isolation control processing on the non-adjustable microinverter.

[0167] The task allocation module 505 is used to determine that the initial microinverter is an adjustable microinverter if the power regulation capability status is adjustable, and to perform power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable microinverter.

[0168] The content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this system embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0170] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the output power of a micro-inverter, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Receive power adjustment commands; The target total power of the system is determined according to the power adjustment command; Power regulation task information is sent to several initial microinverters. The power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system. The initial microinverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information. If the power regulation capability is in an unadjustable state, then the initial microinverter is determined to be an unadjustable microinverter, and the unadjustable microinverter is subjected to isolation control processing. If the power regulation capability is adjustable, then the initial microinverter is determined to be an adjustable microinverter, and power regulation task allocation processing is performed on the adjustable microinverter. The step of determining the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information includes: Based on the power regulation task information, obtain the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine; If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in active tracking mode, then the power regulation capability is determined to be non-adjustable. If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in a locked state, then the output power fluctuation information is determined based on the historical operating data. If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, then the power regulation capability is determined to be unadjustable. If the output power fluctuation information is normal, then the power regulation capability is determined to be adjustable.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power regulation task allocation process for the adjustable microinverter includes: Obtain the current operating status data of the adjustable microinverter; Based on the current operating status data, determine the adjustable power range of the adjustable microinverter; Based on the preset allocation strategy, the target total power of the system, the power of the non-adjustable microinverter, and the adjustable power range, the first power adjustment amount of the adjustable microinverter is calculated. The parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and energy loss. A first power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, the first power setting command including the first power adjustment amount.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After sending a first power setting command to the adjustable microinverter, the adjustable microinverter updates the first power adjustment amount, wherein updating the first power adjustment amount includes: Obtain changes in the current lighting environment; The adjustable power range is updated based on the changes in the current lighting environment; The first power adjustment amount is updated based on the updated adjustable power range.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The acquisition of current lighting environment changes includes: Get the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current; Based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current, identify power parameter fluctuation information related to changes in illumination; Based on the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine, identify power parameter adjustment behaviors, including active searching or large-scale operating point adjustment. The current change in the lighting environment is determined based on the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behavior.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to changes in illumination based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current includes: Calculate the output power change rate based on the current output power and the historical output power; Calculate the output voltage change rate based on the current output voltage and the historical output voltage; Calculate the rate of change of output current based on the current output current and the historical output current; Calculate the ratio of the change rates based on the change rate of the output power and the change rate of the output current; Determine whether the rate of change of the output voltage is less than a preset change threshold, and obtain the rate of change determination result; Based on the ratio of the rate of change and the result of the rate of change judgment, the power parameter fluctuation information is identified.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After updating the first power adjustment amount, the method further includes: The adjustable microinverter is used to calculate the actual output power based on the updated first power adjustment amount; Calculate the total output power based on the multiple actual output powers mentioned; Calculate the deviation based on the total output power and the target total power of the system; Based on the deviation, a second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, which is further configured to perform secondary power adjustment based on the second power setting command.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of sending a second power setting command to the adjustable microinverter based on the deviation includes: Based on the deviation and the preset secondary allocation strategy, the second power regulation of the adjustable microinverter is calculated. The parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information. A second power setting command is sent to the adjustable microinverter, the second power setting command including the second power adjustment amount.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of calculating the second power regulation of the adjustable microinverter based on the deviation and the preset secondary allocation strategy includes: Obtain the operating parameters of the adjustable microinverter; Based on the operating parameters, the operating efficiency, equipment lifespan, and load balancing information of the adjustable microinverter are evaluated to obtain the evaluation results. The evaluation results are weighted according to preset evaluation weights to obtain a comprehensive performance index value; Based on the comprehensive performance index value, calculate the second power regulation amount of the adjustable microinverter.

9. A micro inverter output power optimization system, characterized in that, include: The instruction receiving module is used to receive power adjustment instructions; The target power determination module is used to determine the target total power of the system according to the power adjustment command; The task information sending module is used to send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters. The power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system. The initial micro-inverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information. An isolation control module is used to determine that the initial microinverter is a non-adjustable microinverter if the power regulation capability is in an unadjustable state, and to perform isolation control processing on the non-adjustable microinverter. The task allocation module is used to determine that the initial microinverter is an adjustable microinverter if the power regulation capability status is adjustable, and to perform power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable microinverter. The step of determining the power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information includes: Based on the power regulation task information, obtain the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine; If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in active tracking mode, then the power regulation capability is determined to be non-adjustable. If the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is in a locked state, then the output power fluctuation information is determined based on the historical operating data. If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, then the power regulation capability is determined to be unadjustable. If the output power fluctuation information is normal, then the power regulation capability is determined to be adjustable.

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