Turnout driving system for rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromechanical switch drive system (1) for a rail switch (2) of a rail vehicle rail (3, 4, 5), comprising: an electric motor (8) having an output shaft (9) which is coupled to at least one switch tongue (7a, 7b) of the rail switch (2); a generator (11) having a generator shaft (12) which can be or is coupled to the output shaft (9); a battery (14) electrically connectable or connected to the generator (11) for charging.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an electric-mechanical switch drive system for a track switch of a track-bound vehicle. The invention also relates to a method for adjusting a track switch of a track-bound vehicle and a method of operating a load component, in particular a load component assigned to a track switch. BACKGROUND

[0002] A track switch can be used to branch a track of a track-bound vehicle into two tracks, or a second track can be led off from a continuous track. The track switch enables the track-bound vehicle to transition from one track to another without interrupting the journey.

[0003] One or more auxiliary components or load components, which can output or detect sensor data, for example, which can be used to monitor the track or the track switch or the surroundings of the track switch, can be provided in the area of the track switch or in the area assigned to the track switch. So-called IoT components (Internet of Things; sensors, edge computing, wired or wireless data transmission) in the switch drive require energy in order to fulfill their function. Basically, conventional electric-mechanical switch drives are supplied with electrical energy via a cable (three-phase alternating current, single-phase alternating current, direct current). However, since the switch drive also implements safety-relevant functions, such as safely detecting the end position and maintaining a specific holding force in the end position, the energy supply of auxiliary components, in particular IoT components, only allows a negligible counteraction to the actual function of the drive to be proven (from a safety perspective).

[0004] Therefore, conventionally, auxiliary components for a track switch are not supplied with energy by an energy source which is provided to supply energy to the switch drive itself, i.e. in particular to the servo motor.

[0005] In order to avoid an electrical counteraction of the IoT components to the function of the switch drive, battery-powered IoT components are usually used. This means that the IoT components are supplied with energy by a battery. This requires the battery to be replaced after a specified time, which means additional outlay, since the replacement has to be carried out by personnel or the battery has to be charged by a separate energy source. For this purpose, for example, solar panels can be used at the edge of the track. However, the disadvantage of photovoltaic cells is that they cannot reliably charge the battery due to the harsh environment at the edge of the track (snow, dust, stone chippings, etc.). Therefore, conventionally, a battery with a relatively large capacity has to be provided, which makes the system very bulky and cumbersome.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present application to provide a system and a method with which, in particular, auxiliary components or load components belonging to or installed near a track switch can be reliably supplied with energy without, in particular, impairing the reliability or safety function of the track switch.

[0007] People of either male or female gender are included regardless of the grammatical gender of the particular term. SUMMARY

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present application, an electric-mechanical switch drive system for a track switch of a track of a rail vehicle is provided, comprising: an electric motor having an output shaft, which is coupled to (e.g. via an adjustment slide) at least one switch blade; a generator having a generator shaft, which is couplable or coupled to the output shaft; a battery, which is electrically connectable or electrically connected to the generator for charging.

[0009] As is conventionally known, a track switch can comprise, for example, at least one blade, in particular two blades, and / or a nose rail and / or a wing rail and / or a wheel link and / or a switch heart.

[0010] The electric motor can be configured to move at least one switch blade of the track switch into a switch position by rotating its output shaft. For this purpose, the electric motor can be supplied with electrical energy from a power supply network in order to exert a torque on the output shaft during operation, which rotates the output shaft. The output shaft can be coupled to the at least one or two switch blades of the track switch, for example via an adjustment slide, in order to, for example, move one blade such that it rests against the base rail and move the other blade such that it moves away from the base rail.

[0011] The output shaft of the electric motor can be coupled to the at least one switch blade in a conventional manner, for example by means of a translation device which converts the rotation into a translation, for example a spindle with a lever or a gear and a rack can be provided. The electric motor can be or comprise, for example, a DC electric motor or an AC electric motor. The electric motor can be, for example, a synchronous electric motor or an asynchronous electric motor.

[0012] The generator can be, for example, a synchronous generator or an asynchronous generator. The generator can be, for example, a permanent-magnet generator or an electromagnetic generator. The rotating generator shaft causes the generator to generate electrical energy, which can be fed to the battery to charge it. The generator shaft of the generator does not have to be permanently (fixedly) coupled to the output shaft of the servo electric motor, but can be coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor, for example only depending on the operating state of the servo electric motor, as described in further detail below.

[0013] The accumulator can for example comprise an electrochemical accumulator, which can be charged with electrical energy and which can then store the energy electrochemically. The accumulator does not have to be electrically connected to the generator in a fixed or unchangeable manner, but can optionally or selectively be connected to the generator as required or selected. In particular, the generator and / or the accumulator can be fully decoupled or uncoupled electrically and mechanically from the electric motor in order to further meet, inter alia, safety-related requirements of the track switch.

[0014] The switch drive system can be designed to supply energy or charge the accumulator only during the adjustment process of the track switch by the generator, the generator shaft of which is coupled to the output shaft. The energy stored in the accumulator can advantageously be supplied to auxiliary components or load components, in particular comprising at least one sensor, in order to be able to perform a monitoring function, in particular with regard to environmental conditions. This means that a conventionally used battery can be dispensed with.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the application, the switch drive system further has a coupling system, in particular a mechanical coupling system, by means of which the generator shaft of the generator can be coupled to the output shaft, in particular adjustably, via a frictional fit and / or a form fit.

[0016] The coupling system can enable a selective coupling of the output shaft of the electric motor and the generator shaft of the generator. The coupling system can for example be designed to selectively perform a coupling or to selectively interrupt a coupling. The coupling system can also be designed to adjust the degree of coupling between the output shaft of the electric motor and the generator shaft, in particular in accordance with a control and / or operation of the servo motor. This also allows safety functions or safety requirements to be met. The coupling system can comprise one or more components, for example a clutch and / or a belt and / or a friction wheel. For example, both the generator and the accumulator can be fully decoupled from the electric motor (for example mechanically) by means of the coupling system.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the application, the coupling system is designed to enable a frictional fit and / or a form fit between the generator shaft and the output shaft only when the output shaft is rotating or turning.

[0018] For example, the coupling between the generator shaft and the output shaft via a frictional fit and / or a form fit can only be performed when the rotational speed of the output shaft of the electric motor is above a certain threshold value or in particular above a predetermined rotational speed threshold value for a predetermined period of time. This ensures that safety requirements of the switch are met.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the application, the coupling system is designed to adjust the frictional fit and / or the form fit between the generator shaft and the output shaft, in particular in terms of its strength, in accordance with the operation and / or rotational speed and / or control of the electric motor.

[0020] The coupling system can for example take into account data on the control of the electric motor or data on the operation of the electric motor in order to effect the coupling or decoupling between the generator shaft and the output shaft. The coupling system can for example be controlled by a software program which can for example receive as input variables control commands or control signals for the electric motor and / or operating conditions of the electric motor. This provides great flexibility for the coupling system and the function.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the application, the coupling system is designed to cancel the frictional and / or form fit between the generator shaft and the output shaft as a function of the operation and / or rotational speed and / or control of the electric motor, in particular when the electric motor is not in the process of adjusting the track switch or is controlled.

[0022] If the coupling between the generator shaft and the output shaft of the electric motor is cancelled, any failure of the generator, for example in the operation in motor mode, does not affect the function of the track switch, or in particular the function of the electric motor, so that the reliability of the track switch, including the required safety functions, can be ensured.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the application, the coupling system is designed to limit the frictional fit with regard to the torque or power that can be transmitted, in particular by providing a preloading. This in turn can prevent or reduce a failure or negative interaction of the generator on the adjustment mechanism of the track switch. For this purpose, for example at least one slip clutch and / or a friction belt and / or a friction wheel can be provided.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the application, the coupling system has at least one of the following, in particular on or at the generator shaft and / or the output shaft: a transmission, in particular a belt transmission or a friction wheel transmission; a clutch (switchable or non-switchable).

[0025] The coupling system can additionally or alternatively also comprise for example the following components: a chain transmission, a gear transmission, a rolling element transmission. In this way, the coupling system can be implemented with components that are conventionally available.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the application, the switch drive system also has a load component which can be connected or connected to the battery for energy supply.

[0027] The load component can be provided as an auxiliary component, for example for monitoring the track switch or for monitoring the environmental conditions of the track switch. The load component can require an electrical energy supply for operation. This can advantageously be implemented by means of the battery. The load component does not have to be connected to the battery at all times, but can be electrically connected to the battery by means of one or more switches which can for example be controlled automatically.

[0028] The switch drive system can, in particular, include a controller or control module, for example, to control the coupling system and / or the energy supply to the load components. For example, the electrical connection between the generator and the battery can also be controlled (e.g., closed or interrupted) by the control module. Generally speaking, the control module can receive, for example, control signals for the motor and / or the motor's operating conditions as input variables, and use these (for example, in part) to control the coupling system and / or the switch between the battery and the generator and / or the switch between the load components and the battery. This creates considerable flexibility and can also meet the safety requirements of the railway switch.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the load element has at least one sensor, in particular for measuring environmental properties, in particular temperature and / or humidity and / or vibration (acceleration) and / or distance / position (e.g. using a magnetic strip). The sensor data can be used, for example, to determine the operating conditions of the switch.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the invention, the load component is connected to a communication network, in particular the Internet, in particular a wireless connection, wherein the load component is in particular configured to transmit the sensor data to the communication network.

[0031] The load component can be connected to a rail vehicle or a track switch control system, for example via a communication network, whereby the track switch control system can take into account the sensor data recorded and transmitted by the load component to control the track switch or switches. This ensures safe operation of the switch.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the load component is designed as an IoT (Internet of Things) component. An IoT component can be part of an IoT system, which typically collects, transmits, and / or processes data. An IoT component can perform one or more of these functions. Specifically, the present invention can be a data collector (e.g., a sensor) and a data transmitter ("IoT gateway"), which can forward the collected data wirelessly or wired to a backend data processing system.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the invention, the switch drive system further comprises a holding brake which is arranged to selectively position or fix the output shaft, in particular when the electric motor is not in a switch adjustment process and / or is not controlled for this purpose and / or when the output shaft is not rotating.

[0034] The holding brake can be used to ensure reliable switch operation. For example, the holding brake can be applied or triggered when a track switch is in one of two states, such as when one switch rail rests on the stock rail and the other switch rail is away from the stock rail. The holding brake can also be controlled by the control system, for example, when the electric motor is not in operation, i.e., when no switch adjustment process is currently being performed.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the application, during a switch adjustment process, the electric motor rotates the output shaft at least one to ten revolutions or 10 to 100 revolutions or 100 to 1000 revolutions to drive the coupled generator shaft of the generator such that the generator delivers electrical energy to the battery, charging it.

[0036] This ensures that the battery is reliably charged during a switch adjustment process. For example, 5% to 20% of the total capacity of the battery can be charged during a switch adjustment process.

[0037] For example, 200 Ws to 500 Ws can be used to drive the generator per switch adjustment process. For a 700 mAh battery (3.3 V) used for a switch adjustment process, this corresponds to approximately 10% to 20% of the battery storage capacity. Energy-saving Internet of Things sensors have a power consumption of approximately 100 mA when collecting / transmitting data, while the power consumption in the waiting state ("sleep") is much lower. Other values are possible.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the application, the electric motor is supplied with electrical energy by the power supply network, in particular three-phase or single-phase AC or DC. Conventional methods can thus be used to supply the electric motor with energy.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the application, the safety functions and / or the reliability requirements of the switch drive system are not affected by the use of the electric motor to charge the battery.

[0040] This can be achieved, for example, by a suitable design of the coupling system and / or switchability of the electrical connection between the generator and the battery and / or switchability between the battery and the load components, in particular by means of a control system.

[0041] It is understood that features described, provided or arranged in relation to the switch drive system according to embodiments of the application can also be provided or applied individually or in any combination to a method of adjusting a track switch of a track of a rail vehicle, and vice versa, according to embodiments of the application.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the application, a method of adjusting a track switch of a track of a rail vehicle is provided, comprising: operating an electric motor having an output shaft coupled to at least one switch blade of the track switch to move the switch blade; while operating the electric motor: driving a generator having a generator shaft coupled to the output shaft; charging a battery electrically connected to the generator.

[0043] The method can comprise, for example, using a switch drive system according to one of the preceding embodiments. Conversely, the aforementioned switch drive system can be set up to perform or control the execution of a method of adjusting a track switch of a track of a rail vehicle.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the application, a method of operating a load component, in particular a load component assigned to a track switch, is provided, comprising: carrying out the method according to the preceding embodiment; and providing energy from the accumulator to the load component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A power mechanical switch drive system according to an embodiment of the application is schematically shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Embodiments of the application will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. The application is not limited to the embodiments illustrated or described.

[0047] Figure 1 A power mechanical switch drive system according to an embodiment of the application is schematically shown. A power mechanical switch drive system 1 for a track switch of a track of a rail vehicle is provided to adjust a track switch 2 of a track 3 of a rail vehicle. The track 3 of the rail vehicle is divided into two track sections 4 and 5 behind the track switch 2. The track switch 2 enables the rail vehicle to optionally enter the track section 4 or the track section 5 from the track section 3. The switch has for this purpose a rail center 6 and switch rails 7a and 7b, which can be adjusted or moved by means of a switch drive or switch drive system 1.

[0048] The switch drive system 1 has an electric motor 8 with an output shaft 9, which is connected to the switch 2 by means of an adjustment slide 10. The electric motor 8 is connected to a power supply network by means of a line 25. The output shaft 9 is connected to at least one switch rail 7a, 7b of the track switch 2, in particular via the adjustment slide 10. The rotational movement of the output shaft 9 is converted into a translational movement of the adjustment slide 10, for example by means of a spindle with a lever or a gear and a rack.

[0049] The switch drive system 1 also has a generator 11, which is couplable or coupled to the output shaft 9 (of the electric motor 8). A generator shaft 12 of the generator can be coupled or coupled to the output shaft 9 of the electric motor 8, in particular via a coupling system 13. The switch drive system 1 also has an accumulator 14, which is electrically connectable or connected to the generator 11 for charging. In the embodiment shown, the generator and the accumulator 14 are electrically connected via an electrical connection 15. The electrical connection 15 can have a switch, not shown in detail, in order to selectively establish or interrupt the electrical connection.

[0050] The coupling system 13 can have, for example, a mechanical coupling system, by means of which the generator shaft 12 can be coupled to the output shaft 9 of the electric motor 8 via a frictional fit and / or a form fit. The coupling system 13 can comprise, for example, a belt drive and / or a friction wheel and / or a clutch and other components.

[0051] In the embodiment shown in the figures, the switch drive system 1 also comprises a load component 16, which can be connected or connected to the battery 14 to supply energy. In the embodiment shown, the load component 16 is connected to the battery 14 via an electrical connection 17, which can have a switch, not shown for example, in order to selectively establish or interrupt the connection. The battery 14 can also have a connection terminal at which electrical energy can be taken for various purposes.

[0052] The load component or load component 16 can have sensors, for example temperature sensors or humidity sensors or one or more further sensors, for example, in order to detect environmental properties or conditions of the switch 2 or of the switch drive system 1. The load component 16 is connected to a communication network 18 via a respective communication interface 19. Thus, the load component can transmit sensor data 20 into the communication network 18, for example, via the communication interface 19. The communication network 18 can also be connected to a switch driver monitoring and control system in order to control the switch 2 via the switch drive system 1, for example, in accordance with the sensor data 20.

[0053] In the embodiment shown in the figures, the switch drive system or the switch 2 comprises a holding brake 21 (or 26), which can fix the adjustment slide 10 or the output shaft 9, for example, by a brake shoe 22, which can be arranged on the adjustment slide 10 (or on the output shaft 9) or integrated in the electric motor 8 (see brake 26 with brake shoe 27). For this purpose, for example, the brake shoe 22 can press against the adjustment slide 10 (or the output shaft 9) to generate a frictional resistance, which fixes the respective component against movement.

[0054] During the switch adjustment, the output shaft 9 of the electric motor 8 is rotated several times, during which the generator shaft 12 can be coupled to the output shaft 9 by the coupling system 13, thereby mechanically driving the generator 11. Thus, the generator 11 generates electrical energy, which can be supplied to the battery 14. The load component 16 can then receive electrical energy from the battery 14 for its operation.

[0055] The switch drive system 1 can be set to carry out a method of adjusting a track switch 2 of a rail vehicle track 3, 4, 5. The electric motor 8 is operated to drive its output shaft or to rotate it. The output shaft 9 is coupled to at least one switch blade 7a, 7b of the track switch 2 via the adjustment slide in order to move the switch blade 7a, 7b. During operation of the electric motor, the generator 11 is driven via the generator shaft 12, which is coupled to the output shaft 9 at least in this state of the switch adjustment. In the process, the generator can also be electrically connected to the battery 14 to charge it. In addition, the load component 16 can be supplied with energy by the battery 14.

[0056] Traditionally, the motor of a switch drive has a large power reserve, which cannot be utilized even in the case of a switch jam. Therefore, when mechanical power is transmitted to the output shaft 9 of the motor 8, an additional mechanical line (coupling system 13) can be easily provided, which can charge a battery (or accumulator or super capacitor / super CAP) 14 using the principle of a generator. Thus, for example, during the adjustment of a switch 2, a charging process of one or more batteries 14 can take place at the same time, which can supply electrical energy to one or more load components 16.

[0057] The accumulator 14 can for example comprise a rechargeable battery, for example a lithium battery, or can comprise another system for storing energy, which then converts the energy into electrical energy in order to be able to supply it to load components that require electrical energy to work.

[0058] According to embodiments of the present application, it is ensured that the additional line (for example coupling system 13) does not negatively affect the safety functions of the switch drive in the conventional adjustment line 10. During one rotation, only a higher torque can be required on the output shaft 9 of the motor 8 (compared to the case where the generator 11 is not coupled to the motor). However, this is not a problem for the usual conventional dimensions of the motor 8. When the motor 8 is in a stationary state, the charging line (for example comprising the coupling system 13) must not negatively affect the "hold" and "end position" safety functions built into the adjustment line 10. This can in particular occur when the force line is reversed in the end position (against the holding force, for example in such a way that the generator works in motor mode). Theoretically, depending on the design, a reduction of the holding force is possible (and can be the limit position of the end position sensor). In order to prevent this behavior, various measures can be taken or implemented or realized in the switch drive system:

[0059] 1. The motor 8 can be equipped with a holding brake 21.

[0060] 2. The friction or form fit between the output shaft 9 and the coupling system / IoT line 13 can be limited (settable by preloading in a belt drive, friction wheel, etc.)

[0061] 3. The friction or form fit to the output shaft can be closed only during rotation by a mechanism in the coupling system / Iot line 13 (coupling principle, for example friction wheel in a contact ring)

[0062] 4. The form fit to the output shaft is closed only during rotation by a mechanism in the coupling system / Iot line 13 (coupling principle)

[0063] According to embodiments of the present application, the switch drive system can be completely covered by safety cases. This can ensure that the installation is very easy.

[0064] However, according to embodiments, a retrofit of an existing switch drive system is also possible. For such a retrofit case, additional safety considerations have to be made.

[0065] For example, in order not to have to use or lay additional cables, the data transmission from the load component 16 to the communication network 18 can take place wirelessly, for example via Bluetooth / WLAN (to a local gateway) or by mobile radio. This way can reduce any back action on other components and can also make installation easier.

[0066] According to embodiments of the application, a battery or accumulator is reliably charged during normal operation of the switch drive. The energy provided by the battery or accumulator can be used to provide electrical energy for sensors, for example temperature, humidity and vibration sensors, thus enabling intelligent diagnosis and maintenance of the switch or switch drive. Thus, there is no longer a need for regular replacement of the non-rechargeable batteries conventionally used for Internet of Things components. There is no longer a need to make great efforts to install new external power supply cables or even decentralized energy generators such as photovoltaic systems and to connect them to the switch drive.

Claims

1. An electromechanical turnout drive system (1) for a track turnout (2) for a rail vehicle track (3, 4, 5), comprising: • an electric motor (8) having an output shaft (9) coupled to at least one switch rail (7a, 7b) of a railway switch (2); • a generator (11) having a generator shaft (12) which can be coupled to or to the output shaft (9); • a battery (14) which can be electrically connected or connected to the generator (11) for charging.

2. The turnout driving system according to claim 1, further comprising: A coupling system (13), in particular a mechanical coupling system (13), by means of which a generator shaft (12) of a generator (11) can be coupled to an output shaft (9) by means of a friction fit and / or a form fit, in particular adjustably.

3. A switch drive system according to the preceding claim, wherein the coupling system (13) is configured to produce the friction fit and / or form fit between the generator shaft (12) and the output shaft (9) only when the output shaft (9) rotates or turns.

4. A switch drive system according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the coupling system (13) is configured to adjust the friction fit and / or form fit between the generator shaft (12) and the output shaft (9), in particular with regard to its strength, as a function of the operation and / or speed and / or control of the electric motor (8).

5. A switch drive system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the coupling system (13) is configured to eliminate a friction fit and / or a form fit between the generator shaft (12) and the output shaft (9) depending on the operation and / or speed and / or control of the electric motor (8), in particular when the electric motor is not in a switch adjustment process or is not controlled for this purpose.

6. The switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, wherein the coupling system (13) is configured to limit the transmittable torque or power by friction fit and / or form fit, in particular by providing a preload.

7. The switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 6, wherein the coupling system (13) comprises at least one of the following, in particular on or at the generator shaft (12) and / or the output shaft (9): The transmission mechanism, in particular, has at least one of the following: Belt drive mechanism; Friction wheel transmission mechanism; Gear transmission mechanism, Chain drive mechanism, Clutch, in particular, switchable or non-switchable.

8. The switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: A load component (16) is connectable or connected to the battery (14) for energy supply.

9. The switch drive system according to the preceding claim, wherein the load component (16) comprises at least one sensor, in particular for measuring environmental properties, further in particular temperature and / or humidity and / or vibration (acceleration) and / or position and / or distance.

10. Switch drive system according to any of the preceding claims 8 or 9, wherein the load component (16) is connected to a communication network (8), in particular the Internet, in particular a wireless connection, in, The load component is particularly designed to transmit sensor data (20) to the communication network.

11. The switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims 8 to 10, wherein the load component (16) is configured as an "IoT component".

12. The switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: A holding brake (21, 26) is provided for selectively positioning or fixing the output shaft (9) or the adjustment line (10), in particular when the electric motor (8) is not in a switch adjustment process and / or is not controlled for this purpose and / or when the output shaft (9) is not rotating.

13. The switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein during the switch adjustment process, the electric motor (8) rotates the output shaft (9) by at least one to ten revolutions or 10 to 100 revolutions or 100 to 1000 revolutions, thereby driving the coupled generator shaft (12) of the generator (11), so that the generator outputs electrical energy to the battery (14) to charge it.

14. The switch drive system according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor (8) is supplied with power from a power supply network, in particular a three-phase or single-phase alternating current or direct current.

15. A switch drive system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein safety functions and / or reliability requirements of the switch drive system are not adversely affected by charging the battery (14) using the electric motor (8).

16. A method for adjusting a track switch (2) of a rail vehicle track (3, 4, 5), the method comprising: • operating an electric motor (8) having an output shaft (9) coupled to at least one switch rail (7a, 7b) of a railway switch in order to move the switch rail (7a, 7b); • During operation of the electric motor (8): driving a generator (11) having a generator shaft (12) coupled to an output shaft (9); • Charging the battery (14), which is electrically connected to the generator (11).

17. A method for operating a load component (16), in particular one assigned to a railway switch (2), comprising: performing the method according to the preceding claim; Energy is supplied from the battery (14) to the load component (16).

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