Tunnel anchor rod mounting and prestress applying integrated device and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel anchor rod mounting and prestress applying integrated device and a construction method. Relates to the technical field of drilling and blasting method tunnel construction, and comprises a hammer twisting power drill, the hammer twisting power drill comprises a drill body structure, a grab handle, a knob head and a trigger, a function knob is arranged on one side of the drill body structure, a torque setting device is arranged on the other side of the drill body structure, the grab handle is arranged on the drill body structure, and the knob head is arranged on the drill body structure. A piston device is arranged between the knob head and the drill body structure, and the trigger is also arranged on the drill body structure; the anchor rod body comprises a rod body and a nut, one end of the rod body is arranged to be an anchoring end extending into a rock mass, the nut is arranged at the free end of the rod body in a sleeving mode, and the anchor rod body is connected with a rotary knob head of the hammer twisting power drill through the connector. According to the tunnel anchor rod mounting and prestress applying integrated device and the construction method, automatic electric hammering and knob turning can be completed, the hammering strength and knob torque can be adjusted at any time, and the labor cost and the safety risk are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of technology, and more specifically to an integrated device and construction method for tunnel anchor bolt installation and prestressing application. Background Technology

[0002] As China's expressway network becomes increasingly comprehensive, tunnel projects are gradually extending into remote mountainous areas, bringing with them numerous complex geological challenges, including weak surrounding rock, active fault zones, high-stress areas, and karst development zones. Simultaneously, tunnel engineering is increasingly moving towards ultra-long, deep-buried, and large-section tunnels, placing higher demands on construction techniques and support systems.

[0003] Tunnel construction typically employs an initial support system consisting of steel arch frames, ordinary grouting anchors, and shotcrete, which provides sufficient bearing capacity and support stiffness for surrounding rock conditions below Class IV. However, for special geological formations such as Class V surrounding rock, fault fracture zones, and water-rich areas, the disturbance to the surrounding rock caused by drill-and-blast construction requires more proactive support methods.

[0004] Prestressed anchors can provide a preload of 50-300kN, forming early support resistance and reverse tensile force against the stratum, thereby reinforcing unstable parts of the rock mass and establishing effective support for the initial support structure. By prestressing, the surrounding rock is placed in a triaxial stress state, improving the shear strength of the rock mass and effectively controlling the settlement and horizontal convergence of the tunnel arch.

[0005] Existing prestressed anchor installations are generally carried out manually or using integrated anchor-grouting machines. Manual installation involves drilling holes in the rock surface using a handheld rock drill, then driving the anchor into the surrounding rock using a manual hammer or handheld drill. The nut is then tightened with a torque wrench to apply prestress, and finally, grout is injected into the gap between the anchor and the surrounding rock to increase support strength. Integrated anchor-grouting machines, on the other hand, perform all processes themselves, simultaneously handling drilling, anchor installation, prestress application, and automatic data collection and uploading for grouting. A robotic arm drills a hole, the anchor head pushes the anchor into the rock layer, and the nut is tightened to apply prestress. Finally, grout is injected through the grouting system.

[0006] However, for the two prestressed anchor bolt construction methods mentioned above, manual installation is inefficient, lacks a safety factor, cannot accurately control the application of prestress, relies on the operator's construction experience, and is greatly affected by human factors; while the integrated anchor injection machine is too large in overall size and is only suitable for full-section excavation in most cases. It is not suitable for conditions where multiple small sections need to be excavated under weak surrounding rock geological conditions. It cannot freely rotate and push and pull the anchor bolts in a narrow space, and the equipment itself and maintenance costs are high, which has certain economic disadvantages.

[0007] The above discussion shows that conventional prestressed anchor installation equipment and processes have potential problems such as low efficiency, poor accuracy, inapplicability, and high cost when encountering special geological conditions or confined spaces. These problems have an adverse impact on the creation of safe and high-quality tunnel projects.

[0008] Therefore, how to provide an integrated device and construction method for tunnel anchor installation and prestressing that can adapt to various working conditions, is simple and convenient to operate, safe, economical and efficient, and has high precision control is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides an integrated device and construction method for tunnel anchor installation and prestressing application, which aims to solve one of the problems in the above-mentioned background technology, can adapt to various working conditions, is simple and convenient to operate, safe, economical and efficient, and has high precision control.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] On one hand, the present invention provides an integrated device for tunnel anchor bolt installation and prestressing application, comprising:

[0012] A hammer-torsion power drill includes a drill body structure, a handle, a knob head, and a trigger. A function knob is provided on one side of the drill body structure, and a torque setting device is provided on the other side of the drill body structure. The handle is disposed on the drill body structure and is located below the function knob. The knob head is disposed on the drill body structure, and a piston device is provided between the knob head and the drill body structure. The trigger is also disposed on the drill body structure and faces the handle.

[0013] The anchor bolt body includes a rod and a nut. One end of the rod is set as an anchoring end that extends into the rock mass, and the other end of the rod is set as a free end. The nut is fitted onto the free end of the rod. The anchor bolt body is connected to the knob head of the hammer torsion drill via a connector.

[0014] Furthermore, the connector includes a connector body and a rod groove. One end of the connector body is provided with a hammer torsion drill connector, which is connected to the knob head. The other end of the connector body is provided with a nut groove, which is adapted to the nut. The connector body is provided with a rod groove inside, which is located between the hammer torsion drill connector and the nut groove, and the rod extends into the rod groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the rod body is configured as a hollow threaded steel bar.

[0016] Furthermore, a washer is fitted onto the rod body, and the washer is located between the rock mass and the nut.

[0017] Furthermore, a stop button is provided on the side wall of the drill body structure near the trigger.

[0018] Furthermore, the drill body structure is equipped with ventilation openings.

[0019] On the other hand, the present invention provides an integrated construction method for tunnel anchor installation and prestressing application, based on the aforementioned integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestressing application, specifically including the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Determine the diameter and installation location of the anchor bolt body, and prepare the corresponding connectors and hammer drill knobs;

[0021] Step 2: Drill holes using a hammer torsion drill. When the rock mass is not strong, replace the knob of the hammer torsion drill with a drill bit and drill in electric hammer mode.

[0022] Ventilation helps dissipate heat from the machine body, and the handle helps stabilize the device throughout all processes to ensure that the angle of drilling, anchor rod driving, and torque application remains unchanged.

[0023] Step 3: Install the washer and nut on the free end of the anchor rod; after assembly, manually push the rod body shallowly into the borehole, keeping the direction accurate, without submerging the entire rod.

[0024] Step 4: Select the corresponding knob head and connector according to the diameter specifications of the anchor bolt body; the knob head can be used to replace drill bits with different functions at any time, and the connector is used to help diffuse the hammering force and transmit torque force;

[0025] Step 5: The hammer torsion power drill is connected to the connector via the knob head, and the connector is connected to the free end of the rod;

[0026] Step Six: Adjust the hammer torsion power drill to hammering mode, set the gear, and press the trigger to drive the connector and the rod forward together;

[0027] The hammer-torque power drill includes hammering mode, knob mode, and hammer-rotation mode. It can achieve hammering and jacking by pushing back and forth, realizing the nut rotation and tightening function of the torque wrench. It can also rotate while jacking in, in order to meet the rod construction needs of special types of anchor rods.

[0028] Step 7: After the rod is pushed forward until the pad is parallel to the rock surface, apply prestress;

[0029] Adjust the hammer torque power drill to knob mode, set the torque and press the trigger. The knob head will drive the connector and nut to rotate. When the predetermined torque is reached, the nut will tighten and the prestress will be applied.

[0030] Step 8: Grouting is performed in the rod body of the anchor bolt to fill the gap between the rock mass and the borehole, thereby increasing the strength of the anchor bolt body.

[0031] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an integrated device for tunnel anchor bolt installation and prestressing application, which has the following advantages:

[0032] 1. Compared with the conventional manual hammering and torque wrench pre-tightening construction method, it can complete the automated electric hammering and knob turning, and the hammering force and knob torque can be adjusted at any time, reducing labor costs and safety risks;

[0033] 2. Compared with conventional fully automatic construction methods of integrated anchoring and injection, it can adapt to the working environment of narrow space, and is convenient and quick to install. It has certain advantages in the construction of small and numerous structural systems such as anchor bolts.

[0034] 3. The knob head, connector and other components mentioned in this invention can be prefabricated in various diameter specifications for use. They can be replaced at any time according to the anchor bolt conditions on site, which is more convenient than the conventional method that requires replacing the torque wrench, the anchor injection machine head and other complete equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 The present invention provides a construction drawing for a conventional prestressed anchor structure;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer torsion power drill provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the hammer torsion power drill provided by the present invention (from another perspective);

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connector structure provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the connector provided by the present invention (from another perspective).

[0041] Wherein: 1 is the knob head; 2 is the piston device; 3-1 is the function knob; 3-2 is the torque setting device; 4 is the drill body structure; 5 is the ventilation port; 6 is the handle; 7 is the gear button; 8 is the trigger; 9 is the rock mass; 10 is the rod body; 11 is the nut; 12 is the washer; 13 is the hammer torsion drill connector; 14 is the connector body; 15 is the rod body groove; 16 is the nut groove. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] See Figure 1-5 This invention discloses an integrated device and construction method for tunnel anchor bolt installation and prestressing application, comprising:

[0044] The hammer-torque power drill includes a drill body structure 4, a handle 6, a knob head 1, and a trigger 8. A function knob 3-1 is located on one side of the drill body structure 4, and a torque setting device 3-2 is located on the other side. The handle 6 is mounted on the drill body structure and positioned below the function knob 3-1. The knob head 1 is mounted on the drill body structure 4, and a piston device is located between the knob head 1 and the drill body structure 4. The trigger 8 is also mounted on the drill body structure 4 and faces the handle 6. The drill body can be switched to hammering mode via the function knob 3-1, and the hammering frequency can be adjusted via the gear button 7. The piston device drives the entire knob head 1 to move back and forth to achieve the hammering and drilling function.

[0045] The anchor bolt body includes a rod 10 and a nut 11. One end of the rod 10 is set as the anchoring end and extends into the rock mass 9, while the other end of the rod 10 is set as the free end. The nut 11 is fitted onto the free end of the rod 10. The anchor bolt body is connected to the knob head 1 of the hammer torque power drill through a connector. It can complete automated electric hammering and knob operation, and the hammering force and knob torque can be adjusted at any time, reducing labor costs and safety risks.

[0046] In this embodiment, the connector includes a connector body 14 and a rod groove 15. One end of the connector body 14 is provided with a hammer torsion drill connector 13, which is connected to the knob head 1. The other end of the connector body 14 is provided with a nut groove 16, which is adapted to connect with the nut 11. The connector body 14 is provided with a rod groove 15 inside, which is located between the hammer torsion drill connector 13 and the nut groove 16. The rod 10 extends into the rod groove 15. The rod groove 15 is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod, which can ensure that the rod 10 itself does not rotate and thus apply prestress when the knob nut 11 is turned.

[0047] In this embodiment, the rod 10 is made of hollow threaded steel to facilitate subsequent grout injection.

[0048] In this embodiment, a washer 12 is also fitted on the rod 10, and the washer 12 is located between the rock mass 9 and the nut 11.

[0049] In this embodiment, a stop button 7 is provided on the side wall of the drill body structure 4 near the trigger 8.

[0050] In this embodiment, the drill body structure 4 is provided with a ventilation port 5.

[0051] In addition, in this embodiment, the diameter of the knob head 1 is set to the diameter of the rod body 10 + 20mm, while ensuring that the borehole diameter is not less than the diameter of the rod body 10 + 25mm. The hole depth is controlled according to the length of the rod body 10 - 10cm (exposed length of the free end), and the hole depth deviation is controlled within 0-40mm. During the drilling process, the drilling and pushing speed is dynamically adjusted according to the geological conditions. When the surrounding rock is relatively soft, it is advisable to push lightly and slowly, and when the surrounding rock is relatively hard, it is advisable to push heavily and quickly to ensure rapid construction.

[0052] For general prestressed anchor rods 10, prestressing can be applied after they are driven into the rock strata. However, for some special anchor rods, prestressing needs to be applied after the entire rod 10 is driven into the rock strata and the rod 10 is rotated. For example, after the rod 10 of the expansion shell anchor rod is pushed into place, the rod 10 should be rotated to ensure that the expansion shell anchor is effectively opened. When pushing resin roll anchor rods, the anchor section should be pushed and the anchor rod 10 should be rotated at the same time. The pushing and rotating should be uniform and continuous.

[0053] The specific operation involves directly connecting the free end of the anchor rod to the knob head 1 of a hammer torsion power drill of the same diameter, switching the hammer torsion power drill to knob mode or hammer rotation mode, pressing and holding the trigger 8 to rotate the rod 10, and ending the operation after the expansion shell anchor opens or the resin roll anchoring agent has fully diffused.

[0054] On the other hand, the present invention provides an integrated construction method for tunnel anchor installation and prestressing application, based on the above-mentioned integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestressing application, specifically including the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Determine the diameter and installation location of the anchor bolt body, and prepare the corresponding connectors and hammer torsion drill knob 1;

[0056] Step 2: Drilling is carried out using a hammer torsion power drill. When the rock mass 9 is not strong, the knob head 1 of the hammer torsion power drill is replaced with a drill bit and drilling is carried out in electric hammer mode.

[0057] Ventilation vent 5 helps dissipate heat from the machine body, and handle 6 helps stabilize the device in all processes to ensure that the angle of drilling, anchor rod driving, and torque application remains unchanged.

[0058] Step 3: Install the washer 12 and nut 11 on the free end of the anchor rod; after assembly, manually push the rod body 10 shallowly into the drill hole, keeping the direction accurate, without needing to fully submerge it;

[0059] Step 4: Select the corresponding knob head 1 and connector according to the diameter specifications of the anchor rod body; the knob head 1 can be replaced with drill bits of different functions at any time, and the connector is used to help diffuse the hammering force and transmit torque force; in the initial stage, push the connector with a larger hammering force and then push the rod body 10 into the bottom of the borehole. Subsequently, the gear can be adjusted for hammering fine adjustment to ensure that the rod body 10 is fully submerged in the rock mass 9 and the washer 12 is tightly attached to the outer rock surface and the nut 11 is parallel to the outer rock surface;

[0060] Step 5: The hammer torsion power drill is connected to the connector via the knob head 1, and the connector is connected to the free end of the rod body 10;

[0061] Step 6: Adjust the hammer torsion power drill to hammering mode, set the gear, and press trigger 8 to drive the connector and rod 10 forward together.

[0062] The hammer-torque power drill includes hammering mode, knob mode, and hammer-rotation mode. It can achieve hammering and jacking by pushing forward and backward to realize the nut 11 rotation tightening function of the torque wrench. It can also rotate while jacking in to meet the construction needs of the rod 10 of special anchor rod bodies.

[0063] Step 7: After the rod 10 is pushed forward until the pad 12 is parallel to the rock surface, prestress is applied;

[0064] Adjust the hammer torque power drill to knob mode, set the torque and press the trigger 8. The knob head 1 will drive the connector and nut 11 to rotate. When the predetermined torque is reached, the nut 11 will also be tightened to complete the application of prestress.

[0065] Step 8: Grouting is performed on the rod body 10 of the anchor bolt body to fill the gap between the rock mass 9 and the borehole and improve the strength of the anchor bolt body; the anchoring grout should be prepared according to the metering, and the mix ratio should be determined by test. The grouting pressure should be controlled between 0.1-0.5MPa; the grouting process requires continuous pressure stabilization, and can only be stopped after thick grout flows out of the borehole.

[0066] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0067] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated device for tunnel anchor bolt installation and prestress application, characterized in that, include: A hammer-torsion power drill includes a drill body structure, a handle, a knob head, and a trigger. A function knob is provided on one side of the drill body structure, and a torque setting device is provided on the other side of the drill body structure. The handle is disposed on the drill body structure and is located below the function knob. The knob head is disposed on the drill body structure, and a piston device is provided between the knob head and the drill body structure. The trigger is also disposed on the drill body structure and faces the handle. The anchor bolt body includes a rod and a nut. One end of the rod is set as an anchoring end that extends into the rock mass, and the other end of the rod is set as a free end. The nut is fitted onto the free end of the rod. The anchor bolt body is connected to the knob head of the hammer torsion drill via a connector.

2. The integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestress application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector includes a connector body and a rod groove. One end of the connector body is provided with a hammer torsion drill connector, which is connected to the knob head. The other end of the connector body is provided with a nut groove, which is adapted to the nut. The connector body is provided with a rod groove inside, which is located between the hammer torsion drill connector and the nut groove. The rod extends into the rod groove.

3. The integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestress application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rod is made of hollow threaded steel.

4. The integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestress application according to claim 1, characterized in that, A washer is also fitted onto the rod body, and the washer is located between the rock mass and the nut.

5. The integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestress application according to claim 1, characterized in that, A stop button is provided on the side wall of the drill body structure near the trigger.

6. The integrated device for tunnel anchor installation and prestress application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill body structure is equipped with ventilation openings.

7. A method for integrated installation and prestressing of tunnel anchor bolts, comprising an integrated device for installation and prestressing of tunnel anchor bolts according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Determine the diameter and installation location of the anchor bolt body, and prepare the corresponding connectors and hammer drill knobs; Step 2: Drill holes using a hammer torsion drill. When the rock mass is not strong, replace the knob of the hammer torsion drill with a drill bit and drill in electric hammer mode. Ventilation helps dissipate heat from the machine body, and the handle helps stabilize the device throughout all processes to ensure that the angle of drilling, anchor rod driving, and torque application remains unchanged. Step 3: Install the washer and nut on the free end of the anchor rod; after assembly, manually push the rod body shallowly into the borehole, keeping the direction accurate, without submerging the entire rod. Step 4: Select the corresponding knob head and connector according to the diameter specifications of the anchor bolt body; the knob head can be used to replace drill bits with different functions at any time, and the connector is used to help diffuse the hammering force and transmit torque force; Step 5: The hammer torsion power drill is connected to the connector via the knob head, and the connector is connected to the free end of the rod; Step Six: Adjust the hammer torsion power drill to hammering mode, set the gear, and press the trigger to drive the connector and the rod forward together; The hammer-torque power drill includes hammering mode, knob mode, and hammer-rotation mode. It can achieve hammering and jacking by pushing back and forth, realizing the nut rotation and tightening function of the torque wrench. It can also rotate while jacking in, in order to meet the rod construction needs of special types of anchor rods. Step 7: After the rod is pushed forward until the pad is parallel to the rock surface, apply prestress; Adjust the hammer torque power drill to knob mode, set the torque and press the trigger. The knob head will drive the connector and nut to rotate. When the predetermined torque is reached, the nut will tighten and the prestress will be applied. Step 8: Grouting is performed in the rod body of the anchor bolt to fill the gap between the rock mass and the borehole, thereby increasing the strength of the anchor bolt body.

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