Single-motor centralized electric drive structure, assembling method and cooling and lubricating method

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-motor centralized electric drive structure, an assembling method and a cooling and lubricating method, the structure comprises a shell, a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft and a motor, and the motor, the first shaft, the second shaft and the third shaft are integrally arranged in the shell; the shell comprises a motor end shell body and a speed reducer end shell body, a gear cavity and a motor cavity are formed in the two sides of the motor end shell body respectively, and a communicating hole is formed between the gear cavity and the motor cavity. A motor end cover is further arranged on the side, away from the speed reducer end shell, of the motor end shell, and the motor is sealed in the motor cavity through the motor end cover and the motor end shell. The motor cavity is formed in the speed reducer shell, the motor and the speed reducer are integrated, and the structural size of an electric drive system is reduced. The structure size of an electric drive system is reduced, meanwhile, normal driving force of the driving system is ensured, independent assembly of the speed reducer assembly and the motor assembly is kept under the condition that high integration of the speed reducer assembly and the motor assembly is achieved, installation and maintenance convenience is improved, and the number of parts is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of motor drive, more particularly, to a single motor centralized electric drive structure, an assembling method and a cooling and lubricating method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The driving modes commonly used in electric vehicles are dual-motor drive and single-motor drive. Compared with dual-motor drive, single-motor drive has the following advantages: 1. One motor and its related electronics and cooling components are saved, significantly reducing the overall vehicle weight and providing better range and handling flexibility; 2. One motor, one inverter, and related wiring harness, cooling system, and other components are saved, significantly reducing the hardware cost of the entire electric drive system; 3. Single electric drive system usually involves only one drive unit, theoretically reducing maintenance costs; 4. Single electric drive system structure is relatively simple, with only one power transmission path, reducing sensors, controllers, connectors, and other links, and the overall system failure rate is lower.

[0003] Currently, double drive motor assemblies are widely used in off-road vehicles, but centralized single motor electric drive assemblies are still rare. Market customers are increasingly pursuing off-road vehicle index requirements, requiring high ground clearance and large suspension travel. In order to pursue high torque output, even the wheel-side reducer assembly is configured. However, due to the width limitation and large suspension travel arrangement requirements, the space for centralized electric drive arrangement is narrow, and the existing centralized configuration cannot meet the width size limitation, which may result in excessive axial size, unable to achieve high concentration of the drive system, and affecting the performance of the vehicle.

[0004] Therefore, a single motor centralized electric drive structure and a cooling and lubricating system are needed, which integrates the reducer assembly and the motor assembly while maintaining independent assembly of the two, reduces the number of components, reduces the width size, and meets the demand of off-road vehicles for high ground clearance and large suspension travel. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present application provides a single motor centralized electric drive structure, an assembling method and a cooling and lubricating method. The motor is integrated with the reducer in one body by setting a motor cavity on the reducer housing, which reduces the structural size of the electric drive system, ensures normal driving force of the drive system, and maintains independent assembly of the reducer assembly and the motor assembly while achieving high integration of the two, improves installation and maintenance convenience, reduces the number of components, and reduces the width size.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a single motor centralized electric drive structure is provided, comprising: an outer shell, a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, and a motor, the motor is integrated with the first shaft, the second shaft, and the third shaft and arranged in the outer shell.

[0007] The housing comprises a motor end housing and a reducer end housing, two sides of the motor end housing are respectively provided with a gear cavity and a motor cavity, and a communication hole is opened between the gear cavity and the motor cavity;

[0008] The side of the motor end housing away from the reducer end housing is further provided with a motor end cover, and the motor end cover and the motor end housing seal the motor in the motor cavity.

[0009] By providing the motor cavity on the reducer housing, the motor and the reducer are integrated, and the structural size of the electric drive system is reduced.

[0010] Further, the one shaft is an input shaft of the reducer, which is arranged in the gear cavity and connected with the output shaft of the motor through the communication hole on the motor end housing.

[0011] The one shaft is provided with a first drive gear and a second drive gear, the two shafts are provided with a first intermediate gear and a second intermediate gear, the first drive gear and the first intermediate gear are engaged to form a reduction gear, the second drive gear and the second intermediate gear are engaged to form a reduction gear, the transmission ratios of the two reduction gears are different, and the first intermediate gear and the second intermediate gear are further provided with a third intermediate gear.

[0012] Further, the three shafts are used in pairs, two three shafts are arranged on the same axis, the motor end housing and the reducer end housing are both provided with an output port in the axial direction of the three shafts, the end of the three shafts is arranged to pass out of the output port, the two three shafts are provided with driven gears, and the end of the three shafts is connected with a wheel.

[0013] The close end of the two three shafts is further provided with a double coupling gear, the outer gear of the double coupling gear is engaged with the third intermediate gear, the inner gears are respectively engaged with the driven gears on the two three shafts, the double coupling gear makes the two three shafts have different rotating speeds, so that the rotating speeds of the wheels are different, and the purpose of turning around in place is achieved.

[0014] Further, the two driven gears are further provided with a spacer assembly, the spacer assembly comprises two spacers and a spring arranged between the two spacers, the spacers are provided with a gap with the driven gears on both sides, the hard impact caused by the speed difference of the two gears is reduced, and the vibration isolation effect is achieved. When the axial force of the two gears is towards the middle, the stroke exceeds the side gap, and after contacting with the spacer assembly, the position is limited by the spring stiffness.

[0015] Further, the outer side of the motor end housing is further provided with an electronic oil pump assembly, an oil cooler assembly, an oil guide pipe and an oil collecting groove, and the inner side is further provided with a lubricating oil channel for cooling and lubricating the shaft teeth in the gear cavity and the motor in the motor cavity.

[0016] The upper part of the motor end cover is provided with a lubricating oil channel which is communicated with the lubricating oil channel of the motor end shell, and the lubricating oil is introduced into the motor end part to lubricate and cool the motor.

[0017] The upper part of the shell of the gear cavity is provided with an oil collecting groove, and the gear cavity is precisely lubricated by the splashing lubricating oil through the oil collecting groove.

[0018] The upper part of the one-axis is further provided with a gear shifting device, and the gear shifting device is used for gear shifting adjustment by mechanical pulling fork shifting.

[0019] Further, the communication hole of the motor end shell is provided with a motor shaft bearing seat, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the motor shaft bearing seat through a bearing, and then the output shaft is connected to the one-axis through a spline.

[0020] The motor shaft bearing seat is provided with a conductive ring rotor and a rotary variable resistor rotor.

[0021] Further, the shell is provided with a lubricating unit, and the lubricating unit comprises an oil pump, a coarse filter, a fine filter and an oil guide pipe.

[0022] Further, the oil pump is arranged at the bottom end of the shell, and the input port of the oil pump is arranged in the stationary oil sump of the shell.

[0023] The coarse filter is arranged at the output end of the oil pump, and the fine filter is arranged at the output end of the coarse filter.

[0024] The one-axis is provided with an oil channel, and the outlet of the fine filter is connected to the internal oil channel of the one-axis through a lubricating oil channel.

[0025] The one-axis is provided with a cross-shaped oil hole, and the gear on the one-axis is cooled and lubricated through the cross-shaped oil hole.

[0026] The one-axis is further provided with an oil guide pipe, and the other end of the oil guide pipe is arranged at the three-axis.

[0027] The outer shell at the bearing seat of the three-shaft output end is provided with sealing rings at both ends of the lubricating oil channel, a sealing cavity is formed between the sealing rings at both ends as an oil storage space, and the lubricating oil is pressed into the three shafts through oil pressure, the three-shaft interior is provided with holes leading to the bearings and gears to lubricate the bearings and gears.

[0028] According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a method for assembling a single-motor centralized electric drive structure is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S100, install the conductive ring stator, the resolver stator, and the axial limiting baffle, connect the motor output end bearing seat and the motor end shell, and then connect them through bolts;

[0030] S200, press the motor stator into the motor shell, install the ball bearing, the conductive ring rotor, the resolver stator, and the axial limiting baffle at the motor output shaft end;

[0031] S300, finally align the inner and outer splines, and press the motor output end ball bearing into the bearing seat.

[0032] According to a third aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a lubricating method for a single-motor centralized electric drive structure is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0033] R100, the lubricating oil passes through the built-in oil channel of the shell, enters the interior of the first shaft and the motor end cover from the shell oil channel, the interior of the first shaft is provided with a cross-shaped oil hole, the lubricating oil enters the interior of the first shaft, lubricates each bearing on the first shaft, the motor end cover is provided with an oil hole, the lubricating oil directly enters the motor shaft through the oil hole, enters the interior of the rotor through the opening in the interior of the motor shaft, lubricates the motor rotor, and finally returns to the motor oil sump;

[0034] R200, the lubricating oil passes through the built-in oil channel of the shell, enters the interior of the second shaft from the side end of the shell, and then lubricates the needle roller bearing and the deep groove ball bearing on the second shaft through the opening in the second shaft, and finally returns to the reducer oil sump;

[0035] R300, the lubricating oil passes through the built-in oil channel of the shell, enters the exterior of the flange plate on the third shaft from the two ends of the left and right shells, sealing rings are arranged at both ends of the passage, the shell has an oil storage space, thereby forming a sealing cavity, the lubricating oil is pressed into the opening on the flange plate through oil pressure, enters the interior of the third shaft, lubricates the bearings through the holes leading to the tapered bearings and the needle roller bearings in the interior of the third shaft, and finally returns to the reducer oil sump;

[0036] R400, the lubricating oil passes through the oil cooler, directly sprays on the motor winding through the built-in oil channels in the left and right shells and the motor shell, flows through the space between the motor shell and the motor stator to form a lubricating cooling oil film, and finally returns to the motor oil sump.

[0037] Overall, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The single motor centralized electric drive structure of the present application integrates the motor and the reducer into one by providing a motor cavity on the reducer housing, which reduces the structural size of the electric drive system, ensures normal driving force of the driving system, and realizes high integration of the reducer assembly and the motor assembly while maintaining independent assembly of the two, improving installation and maintenance convenience, reducing the number of parts, and reducing the width size.

[0039] 2. The single motor centralized electric drive structure of the present application has a gap between the spacer sleeve and the driven gears on both sides, which reduces the hard impact caused by the speed difference between the two gears, achieving the effect of vibration isolation. When the axial force of the two gears is directed to the middle, the stroke exceeds the side clearance, and after contacting the spacer assembly, the spring stiffness is limited. The spacer sleeve replaces the end face bearing, which can also achieve single needle crushing and avoid hard impact, playing a role in buffering and shock absorption.

[0040] 3. The single motor centralized electric drive structure of the present application has a lubricating oil channel on the housing at the bearing seat of the three-axis output end, with sealing rings at both ends to form a sealed cavity as an oil storage space. The lubricating oil is pressed into the three-axis through oil pressure, and the three-axis has holes leading to the bearings and gears for lubricating the bearings and gears. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 7 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 8 Figure 1 is a schematic view of a three-shaft structure of a single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] In all the drawings, the same reference signs refer to the same technical features, specifically: 1 - housing, 101 - motor end housing, 102 - reducer end housing, 103 - motor end cover, 2 - first shaft, 201 - first drive gear, 202 - second drive gear, 3 - second shaft, 301 - first intermediate gear, 302 - second intermediate gear, 303 - third intermediate gear, 4 - third shaft, 401 - driven gear, 402 - double gear, 403 - spacer assembly, 5 - motor, 6 - lubrication unit, 601 - oil pump, 602 - coarse filter, 603 - fine filter, 604 - oil guide pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0051] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0052] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a single-motor centralized electric drive structure, including a housing 1, a first shaft 2, a second shaft 3, a third shaft 4, and a motor 5 disposed within the housing 1. The motor 5 is integrated with the first shaft 2, the second shaft 3, and the third shaft 4 within the housing 1. The housing 1 includes a motor end housing 101 and a reducer end housing 102, which are fixedly connected by bolts. The motor end housing 101 has a gear cavity and a motor cavity on both sides, with a connecting hole between them. A motor end cover 103 is also provided on the side of the motor end housing 101 away from the reducer end housing 102. This motor end cover 103 and the motor end housing 101 enclose the motor 5 within the motor cavity. By providing a motor cavity on the reducer housing, the motor and reducer are integrated into one unit, reducing the structural size of the electric drive system while ensuring normal driving force. Furthermore, the reducer assembly and motor assembly are highly integrated, yet still assembled independently, improving installation and maintenance convenience, reducing the number of parts, and reducing the width dimension.

[0056] The one shaft 2 is an input shaft of the speed reducer, which is arranged in a gear cavity, and one end thereof is connected with the output shaft of the motor 5 through a communication hole in the motor end shell 101. The gear cavity is also parallelly provided with a two shaft 3 and a three shaft 4. The one shaft 2 is provided with a first driving gear 201 and a second driving gear 202. The two shaft 3 is provided with a first intermediate gear 301 and a second intermediate gear 302. The first driving gear 201 and the first intermediate gear 301 are engaged to form a speed reduction gear. The second driving gear 202 and the second intermediate gear 302 are engaged to form a speed reduction gear. The transmission ratios of the two speed reduction gears are different. The first intermediate gear 301 and the second intermediate gear 302 are further provided with a third intermediate gear 303. The three shaft 4 is used in pairs. Two three shafts 4 are arranged on the same axis. The motor end shell 101 and the speed reducer end shell 102 are both provided with an output port in the axial direction of the three shaft 4. The end of the three shaft 4 is arranged to pass through the output port. The two three shafts 4 are both provided with a driven gear 401. The end of the three shaft 4 is connected with a wheel. The two three shafts 4 are further provided with a double coupling tooth 402. The outer tooth of the double coupling tooth 402 is engaged with the third intermediate gear 303. The inner tooth of the double coupling tooth 402 is engaged with the driven gear 401 of the two three shafts 4. The double coupling tooth 402 makes the two three shafts 4 have different rotating speeds, so that the rotating speeds of the wheels are different, thereby achieving the purpose of turning around at the original position.

[0057] The two driven gears 401 are further provided with a spacer assembly 403. The spacer assembly 403 includes two spacers and a spring arranged between the two spacers. The spacers are provided with a gap with the driven gears 401 on both sides, so as to reduce the hard impact caused by the rotating speed difference of the two gears, thereby achieving the vibration isolation effect. When the axial force of the two gears is directed to the middle, the stroke exceeds the side gap, and the spacer assembly is contacted after the stroke exceeds the side gap, and the stroke is limited by the spring stiffness. The spacer replaces the end face bearing, and can also achieve single needle crushing, and can avoid hard impact, thereby achieving the buffering and shock absorption effect.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in order to avoid the extrusion of the single needle caused by the overturning moment, a tapered bearing is used instead of the needle bearing and the end face bearing at the end of the three shaft 4 close to the driven gear 401, so as to enhance the supporting capacity of the bearing.

[0059] It can be understood that when the vehicle turns around at the original position, the rotating speed difference of the left and right wheels is the largest. In this extreme working condition, the strength of the shaft sleeve can meet the requirements of the rotating speed difference of the two driven gears 401. Through the optimization of the assembly design, the supporting stiffness of the bearing can be improved, the stiffness of the shaft tooth system can be improved, and the gear contact area can be optimized, thereby improving the reliability and NVH performance of the assembly.

[0060] The outer side of the motor end shell 101 is also provided with an electronic oil pump assembly, an oil cooler assembly, an oil guide pipe and an oil collecting groove, and the inner side is also provided with a lubricating oil channel for cooling and lubricating the shaft tooth in the gear cavity and the motor in the motor cavity. The upper part of the motor end cover 103 is provided with a lubricating oil channel which is communicated with the lubricating oil channel on the motor end shell 101, so as to guide the lubricating oil to the motor end part to lubricate and cool the motor.

[0061] The upper part of the inside of the gear cavity shell is provided with an oil collecting groove, which is used to accurately lubricate the two-axle and three-axle side taper bearings by splashing lubricating oil. The lower part is provided with an oil baffle, which is used as a reinforcing rib to increase the strength of the shell, and can also effectively separate the lubricating oil as an oil baffle.

[0062] The upper part of the one-axle 2 is also provided with a gear shifting device, which is used for gear position adjustment by mechanical fork shifting. The outer shell 1 is isolated as a static oil sump below the two-axle 3 and three-axle 4 gears to meet the oil pump oil demand and reduce the stirring loss of the gears.

[0063] The communication hole on the motor end shell 101 is provided with a motor shaft bearing seat, the output shaft of the motor 5 is connected to the motor shaft bearing seat through a bearing, and then connected to the one-axle 2 through a spline. The motor end shell 101 and the reducer end shell 102 are also provided with a one-axle bearing seat corresponding to the motor shaft bearing seat, and the one-axle 2 is connected to the one-axle bearing seat through a bearing. The motor shaft bearing seat is provided with a conductive ring rotor and a rotary variable resistor rotor. The one-axle bearing seat near the motor 5 is also provided with a baffle, a conductive ring stator, a rotary variable resistor stator, a reinforcing rib and a weight-reducing hole.

[0064] The one-axle 2 is provided with a small gap between the gear and the optical axis to facilitate assembly and improve support stiffness.

[0065] The lubricating unit 6 is arranged on the shell 1, and the lubricating unit 6 comprises an oil pump 601, a coarse filter 602, a fine filter 603 and an oil guide pipe 604. The oil pump 601 is arranged at the bottom end of the shell 1, and the input port of the oil pump 601 is arranged in the stationary oil sump of the shell 1, and is used for pumping lubricating oil in the stationary oil sump. The coarse filter 602 is arranged at the output end of the oil pump 601, and the fine filter 603 is arranged at the output end of the coarse filter 602. The lubricating oil is filtered by the coarse filter 602 and the fine filter 603 in two stages, so that the lubricating pipeline is prevented from being blocked and the lubricating effect is affected. The inside of the one-shaft 2 is provided with an oil channel, and the outlet of the fine filter 603 is connected with the internal oil channel of the one-shaft 2 through the lubricating oil channel, so that the lubricating oil is injected into the internal oil channel of the one-shaft 2. The inside of the one-shaft 2 is provided with a cross oil hole, and the gear on the one-shaft 2 is cooled and lubricated through the cross oil hole. The end of the one-shaft 2 is also provided with the oil guide pipe 604, and the other end of the oil guide pipe 604 is arranged at the three-shaft 4, so that the lubricating oil is guided to the three-shaft 4, and the gear and bearing on the three-shaft 4 are cooled and lubricated. The lubricating oil channels on the shell 1 at the bearing seat of the output end of the three-shaft 4 are provided with sealing rings at both ends, and a sealing cavity is formed between the sealing rings at both ends to serve as an oil storage space. The lubricating oil is pressed into the three-shaft 4 through oil pressure, and the inside of the three-shaft 4 is provided with holes leading to the bearing and the gear, so that the bearing and the gear are lubricated.

[0066] As a further preferred, the outgoing line box of the motor 5 is arranged at the middle close to one end of the motor end cover 103, and the space of the one-shaft 2 is utilized to arrange and shorten the width.

[0067] Embodiment 2

[0068] The embodiment of the present application provides an assembling method of a single-motor centralized electric drive structure, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0069] S100, install the conductive ring stator, the rotary variable transducer stator and the axial limiting baffle, and connect the bearing seat and the motor end shell 101 at the output end bearing seat of the motor 5, and then connect through bolts;

[0070] S200, press the motor stator into the motor shell, install the ball bearing at the output shaft end of the motor 5, install the conductive ring rotor, the rotary variable transator rotor and the axial limiting baffle;

[0071] S300, finally, align the inner and outer splines, and press the ball bearing at the output end of the motor 5 into the bearing seat.

[0072] The reducer assembly and the motor assembly are highly integrated, and the independent assembly of the two is maintained, so that the installation and maintenance convenience is improved.

[0073] Embodiment 3

[0074] The embodiment of the present application provides a cooling and lubricating method of a single-motor centralized electric drive structure, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0075] R100, lubricating oil through the shell built-in oil channel, from the shell oil channel into a shaft 2 inside and motor end cover 103, a shaft 2 inside open cross oil hole, lubricating oil into a shaft 2 inside, respectively on each bearing of a shaft 2 lubrication, motor end cover 103 open oil hole, lubricating oil directly through the oil hole into the motor shaft, through the motor shaft inside the opening into the rotor inside, lubrication of the motor rotor, and finally back to the motor oil sump;

[0076] R200, lubricating oil through the shell built-in oil channel, from the shell side into the two shaft 3, and then through the two shaft 3 opening, lubrication of the two shaft 3 on the needle bearing and deep groove ball bearing, and finally back to the reducer oil sump;

[0077] R300, lubricating oil through the shell built-in oil channel, from the left and right shell two ends into the three shaft 4 on the flange plate outside, the place channel both ends arranged with sealing ring, the shell has oil storage space, and then form a sealed cavity, through the oil pressure lubricating oil into the flange plate on the opening, into the three shaft 4, at the same time through the three shaft 4 inside open to the taper bearing and needle bearing hole, lubrication of the bearing, and finally back to the reducer oil sump.

[0078] R400, lubricating oil through the oil cooler, via the left and right shell and motor shell built-in oil channel, directly sprayed on the motor winding, through the motor shell and motor stator, form a lubricating cooling oil film, and finally back to the motor oil sump.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A single-motor centralized electric drive structure, characterized in that, The application relates to an electric drive system, which comprises a shell (1), a first shaft (2), a second shaft (3), a third shaft (4) and a motor (5), wherein the motor (5) is integrated with the first shaft (2), the second shaft (3) and the third shaft (4) and arranged in the shell (1). The shell (1) comprises a motor end shell (101) and a reducer end shell (102), gear cavities and motor cavities are arranged on the two sides of the motor end shell (101), and a communication hole is arranged between the gear cavities and the motor cavities. A motor end cover (103) is further arranged on the side of the motor end shell (101) away from the reducer end shell (102), the motor end cover (103) and the motor end shell (101) seal the motor (5) in the motor cavities. The motor is integrated with the reducer by arranging the motor cavities on the reducer shell, so that the structural size of the electric drive system is reduced. The first shaft (2) is an input shaft of the reducer, is arranged in the gear cavity, and is connected with the output shaft of the motor by penetrating the communication hole on the motor end shell (101).

2. The single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, First and second driving gears (201 and 202) are arranged on the first shaft (2), first and second intermediate gears (301 and 302) are arranged on the second shaft (3), the first driving gear (201) and the first intermediate gear (301) are engaged to form a reduction gear, the second driving gear (202) and the second intermediate gear (302) are engaged to form another reduction gear, the transmission ratios of the two reduction gears are different, and a third intermediate gear (303) is further arranged between the first intermediate gear (301) and the second intermediate gear (302). The third shaft (4) is used in pairs, two third shafts (4) are arranged on the same axis, output openings are arranged on the motor end shell (101) and the reducer end shell (102) in the axial direction of the third shaft (4), the end of the third shaft (4) penetrates out of the output opening, driven gears (401) are arranged on the two third shafts (4), and the end of the third shaft (4) penetrating out is connected with a wheel.

3. The single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Double connecting gears (402) are further arranged on the close positions of the two third shafts (4), the outer gear of the double connecting gear (402) is engaged with the third intermediate gear (303), the inner gears of the double connecting gear (402) are respectively engaged with the driven gears (401) on the two third shafts (4), the double connecting gear (402) makes the two third shafts (4) have different rotating speeds, so that the rotating speeds of the wheels are different, and the purpose of turning around at the original position is achieved. A spacer assembly (403) is further arranged between the two driven gears (401), the spacer assembly (403) comprises two spacers and a spring arranged between the two spacers, the spacers are arranged with a gap on the two driven gears (401), the hard impact caused by the rotating speed difference of the two driven gears is reduced, and the vibration isolation effect is achieved; when the axial forces of the two driven gears are towards the middle, the stroke exceeds the side gap, and the spacer assembly is contacted after the stroke exceeds the side gap, and the spacer assembly is limited by the spring stiffness.

4. The single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, ​ 5. The single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer side of the motor end shell (101) is also provided with an electronic oil pump assembly, a cold oiler assembly, an oil guide pipe and an oil collecting groove, and the inner side is also provided with a lubricating oil channel for cooling and lubricating the shaft tooth in the gear cavity and the motor in the motor cavity; The upper side of the motor end cover (103) is provided with a lubricating oil channel which is communicated with the lubricating oil channel on the motor end shell (101) to guide the lubricating oil to the end of the motor for lubricating and cooling the motor; The upper side of the shell of the gear cavity is provided with an oil collecting groove which is used for precisely lubricating the two-axle and three-axle side taper bearings by using the splashing lubricating oil, and the lower side is provided with an oil baffle; The upper side of the one-axle (2) is also provided with a gear shifting device which is used for gear shifting adjustment by mechanical type yoke shifting, and the outer shell (1) is isolated as a stationary oil sump below the two-axle (3) and three-axle (4) gears.

6. A centralized electric drive structure with a single electric machine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The communication hole on the motor end shell (101) is provided with a motor shaft bearing seat, the output shaft of the motor (5) is connected to the motor shaft bearing seat through a bearing, and then is connected to the one-axle (2) through a spline, the motor end shell (101) and the reducer end shell (102) are also provided with a one-axle bearing seat corresponding to the motor shaft bearing seat, and the one-axle (2) is connected to the one-axle bearing seat through a bearing; The motor shaft bearing seat is provided with a conductive ring rotor and a rotary variable resistor rotor, the one-axle bearing seat near the motor (5) is also provided with a baffle, a conductive ring stator, a rotary variable resistor stator, a reinforcing rib and a weight reducing hole.

7. The single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) is provided with a lubricating unit (6), and the lubricating unit (6) comprises an oil pump (601), a coarse filter (602), a fine filter (603) and an oil guide pipe (604).

8. The single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oil pump (601) is arranged at the bottom end of the outer shell (1), and the input port of the oil pump (601) is arranged in the stationary oil sump of the outer shell (1) to extract the lubricating oil in the stationary oil sump; The coarse filter (602) is arranged at the output end of the oil pump (601), and the fine filter (603) is arranged at the output end of the coarse filter (602), the lubricating oil is filtered by the coarse filter (602) and the fine filter (603) in two stages, so as to avoid blocking the lubricating pipeline and affecting the lubricating effect; The one-axle (2) is provided with an oil channel in the inside, the outlet of the fine filter (603) is connected to the oil channel in the inside of the one-axle (2) through a lubricating oil channel, and the lubricating oil is injected into the oil channel in the inside of the one-axle (2); The one-axle (2) is provided with a cross oil hole in the inside, and the gear on the one-axle (2) is cooled and lubricated through the cross oil hole; The one-axle (2) is also provided with an oil guide pipe (604) at the end, and the other end of the oil guide pipe (604) is arranged at the three-axle (4) to guide the lubricating oil to the three-axle (4) to cool and lubricate the gear and bearing on the three-axle (4); The lubricating oil channels on the outer shell (1) at the bearing seat of the output end of the three-axle (4) are provided with sealing rings at both ends, a sealing cavity is formed between the sealing rings at both ends to serve as an oil storage space, the lubricating oil is pressed into the three-axle (4) through oil pressure, and the three-axle (4) is internally provided with holes leading to the bearing and the gear to lubricate the bearing and the gear.

9. An assembling method of a single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The steps include: S100, install the conductive ring stator, the rotary variable differential transformer stator and the axial limiting baffle, the motor (5) output end bearing seat is connected with the motor end shell bearing seat and is connected through bolts again; S200, the motor stator is pressed into the motor shell, the motor (5) output shaft end installs the ball bearing, the conductive ring rotor, the rotary variable differential transformer stator and the axial limiting baffle; S300, finally align the inner and outer spline, and press the motor (5) output end ball bearing into the bearing seat.

10. A lubricating method of a single-motor centralized electric drive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, The steps include: R100, lubricating oil passes through the oil channel in the shell, enters the inside of a shaft (2) and the motor end cover (103) from the shell oil channel respectively, the inside of a shaft (2) is provided with a cross oil hole, after the lubricating oil enters the inside of a shaft (2), each bearing on a shaft (2) is lubricated, the motor end cover (103) is provided with an oil hole, the lubricating oil directly enters the motor shaft through the oil hole, enters the inside of the rotor through the hole in the inside of the motor shaft, lubricates the motor rotor, and finally returns to the motor oil sump; R200, lubricating oil passes through the oil channel in the shell, enters the inside of a shaft (2) and the motor end cover (103) from the shell oil channel respectively, the inside of a shaft (2) is provided with a cross oil hole, after the lubricating oil enters the inside of a shaft (2), each bearing on a shaft (2) is lubricated, the motor end cover (103) is provided with an oil hole, the lubricating oil directly enters the motor shaft through the oil hole, enters the inside of the rotor through the hole in the inside of the motor shaft, lubricates the motor rotor, and finally returns to the motor oil sump; R300, lubricating oil passes through the oil channel in the shell, enters the inside of a shaft (2) and the motor end cover (103) from the shell oil channel respectively, the inside of a shaft (2) is provided with a cross oil hole, after the lubricating oil enters the inside of a shaft (2), each bearing on a shaft (2) is lubricated, the motor end cover (103) is provided with an oil hole, the lubricating oil directly enters the motor shaft through the oil hole, enters the inside of the rotor through the hole in the inside of the motor shaft, lubricates the motor rotor, and finally returns to the motor oil sump; R400, lubricating oil passes through the oil cooler, directly sprays on the motor winding through the oil channel in the left and right shells and the motor shell, flows through the motor shell and the motor stator, forms a lubricating cooling oil film, and finally returns to the motor oil sump.

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