Method for ensuring safe operation of activated carbon adsorption tower and activated carbon adsorption system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and provides a method for ensuring safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower, which comprises the following steps: according to physicochemical properties of activated carbon, physicochemical properties of flue gas, operation parameters of the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and operation parameters of the flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower; obtaining the average porosity epsilon of an activated carbon bed layer in the activated carbon adsorption tower; and comparing the average porosity epsilon of the activated carbon bed with the lower porosity limit epsilon 0 of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower to obtain the operation condition of the activated carbon adsorption tower. If the requirements are not met, the purification effect of the activated carbon adsorption tower is ensured by adjusting the activated carbon discharging amount of any one or more of the front chamber, the middle chamber and the rear chamber in the activated carbon adsorption tower. The problems that in the prior art, porosity monitoring is not accurate, and accurate adjustment cannot be achieved are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an activated carbon adsorption system and an activated carbon flue gas treatment method, specifically to a method and activated carbon adsorption system for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower, belonging to the field of flue gas treatment technology. Background Technology

[0002] Activated carbon flue gas purification technology has the advantage of synergistic and efficient purification of multiple pollutants, and can adapt to the complexity of sintering flue gas components (including SO2, NO). x This technology can remove pollutants such as dust, O2, water vapor, and heavy metals, and can withstand significant temperature fluctuations (110-250℃). It has been successfully applied to a sintering flue gas purification system, which mainly consists of several subsystems including an adsorption system, a desorption system, an acid production system, and a conveying system. The flue gas is purified after passing through the activated carbon adsorption unit. The activated carbon particles circulate between the adsorption and desorption units, completing a cycle of "adsorbing pollutants → heating and desorption activation (releasing pollutants) → cooling → re-adsorbing pollutants," thus achieving recycling.

[0003] The adsorption system is the core component for activated carbon to adsorb pollutants in sintering flue gas, and its operating status directly affects the overall purification effect. The desorption system, on the other hand, is responsible for heating and regenerating the activated carbon after adsorption, ensuring the restoration of its activity. During the operation of the adsorption tower, the porosity of the activated carbon bed is a key parameter affecting adsorption efficiency. The formula for calculating the porosity of the activated carbon bed in the adsorption tower is: ε = (V 总 -V 固 ) / V 总 V 总 V represents the total volume of the bed. 固 This represents the volume of activated carbon particles. By monitoring the ε value in real time and dynamically adjusting the flue gas velocity and activated carbon particle size accordingly, maximum adsorption efficiency can be ensured. Precise control of the ε value not only improves adsorption efficiency but also extends the service life of activated carbon and reduces operating costs.

[0004] However, in actual operation, the sintering flue gas contains a large amount of sintering ash. After electrostatic precipitator treatment, a large amount of ultrafine dust enters the adsorption tower. The adsorption system is equipped with columnar activated carbon with a uniform particle size distribution, but during operation, due to factors such as compression and collision, a small amount of small-diameter activated carbon is generated, leading to the gradual accumulation of sintering ash and carbon powder in the adsorption tower. Under normal circumstances, these substances are discharged from the system by the vibrating screen at the feed of the desorption tower to maintain the uniformity of the flow field within the tower. However, in actual operation, the electrostatic precipitator effect may decrease, and the quality of activated carbon and the efficiency of equipment such as the vibrating screen may change, resulting in the accumulation of a large amount of ultrafine dust in the adsorption system, thereby reducing the bed porosity and increasing the system resistance.

[0005] Current methods for calculating the porosity of activated carbon beds have significant drawbacks: they primarily rely on sampling activated carbon discharged from the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption tower, which results in significant variations in the calculated porosity due to large sampling differences, failing to accurately reflect the actual porosity within the bed. Furthermore, current methods cannot achieve real-time monitoring of the activated carbon bed porosity within the activated carbon adsorption tower. Additionally, current activated carbon adsorption towers typically have a three-layer structure, and existing technologies cannot accurately determine which layer of activated carbon affects the denitrification effect in the flue gas, thus hindering the accurate adjustment of the feeding rate of each layer.

[0006] The aforementioned problems severely disrupt the operational efficiency and safety of activated carbon flue gas purification systems, necessitating the development of a technical solution capable of accurately and in real-time calculating the porosity of the activated carbon bed within the activated carbon adsorption tower and evaluating the impact of each activated carbon bed layer on dust removal efficiency. Existing technologies urgently need improvement to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower, which has the advantages of real-time monitoring of activated carbon bed porosity, precise adjustment of the feed amount of each chamber, and effective maintenance of adsorption efficiency and system safety.

[0008] According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a method for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower is provided.

[0009] A method for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Detect the physicochemical properties of activated carbon and flue gas;

[0011] S2. Activated carbon is filled into the front chamber, middle chamber and rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower respectively. The flue gas is transported to the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. After being treated by the activated carbon adsorption tower, the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0012] S3. Detect the operating parameters of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and the operating parameters of flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower;

[0013] S4. Based on the parameters detected in steps S1 and S3, obtain the porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 平均 ;

[0014] S5. Compare the porosity ε of the activated carbon bed. 平均 The lower limit of porosity ε0 of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower:

[0015] If ε 平均If ≥ε0, continue running;

[0016] If ε 平均 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into any one or more of the front, middle and rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower, and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0017] Preferably, if ε 平均 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the front chamber, the middle chamber, and the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower in sequence, and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0018] In this invention, the total feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m. 总 The amount of activated carbon fed into the pre-chamber is m. 前-0 The amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber is m 中-0 The amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber is m 后-0 .

[0019] Preferably, if ε 平均 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps:

[0020] S501, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 中-1 The feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-1 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 Where: m 前-1 >m 前-0 m 中-1 <m 中-0 ;m 后-1 <m 后-0 ;

[0021] If ε 实时-前 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process;

[0022] If ε 实时-前 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0023] Preferably, if ε 实时-前 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps:

[0024] S502, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m.中-2 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-2 The feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-2 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-中 Where: m 中-2 >m 中-0 m 前-2 <m 前-0 m 后-2 <m 后-0 ;

[0025] If ε 实时-中 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process;

[0026] If ε 实时-中 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0027] Preferably, if ε 实时-中 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps:

[0028] S503, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate constant, adjust the feed rate to m in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 后-3 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-3 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 中-3 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-后 Where: m 后-3 >m 后-0 m 前-3 <m 前-0 m 中-3 <m 后-0 ;

[0029] If ε 实时-后 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process;

[0030] If ε 实时-后 If ε < 0, replace all the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0031] In this invention, m 前-1 =(1+a)m 前-0 m 中-1 =[1-a·m 前-0 / (m 中-0 +m 后-0 )]m中-0 m 后-1 =[1-a·m 前-0 / (m 中-0 +m 后-0 )]m 后-0 ;

[0032] Wherein: a is 0.01-0.8, preferably 0.02-0.75, and more preferably 0.05-0.7; for example: the value of a is 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70.

[0033] In this invention, m 中-2 =(1+b)m 中-0 m 前-2 =[1-b·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )]m 前-0 m 后-2 =[1-b·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )]m 后-0 ;

[0034] Wherein: b is 0.05-1, preferably 0.06-0.95, and more preferably 0.07-0.9; for example: the value of b is 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90.

[0035] In this invention, m 后-3 =(1+c)m 后-0 m 前-3 =[1-c·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 前-0 m 中-3 =[1-c·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 中-0 ;

[0036] Wherein: c is 0.1-1.5, preferably 0.15-1.45, and more preferably 0.20-1.40; for example: the value of c is 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.30, 1.35, 1.40, 1.45, 1.50.

[0037] In this invention, if ε 实时-前 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-前 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the middle and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

[0038] In this invention, if ε 实时-中 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-中 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the front and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

[0039] In this invention, if ε 实时-后 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-后 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the front and / or middle chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

[0040] As a preferred option, a=b=c, and the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is compared after adjusting the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 After adjusting the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is achieved. 实时-中 After adjusting the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's downstream chamber, the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is achieved. 实时-后 Size:

[0041] If (ε) 实时-前 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal;

[0042] If (ε) 实时-中 -ε 平均The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal;

[0043] If (ε) 实时-后 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal.

[0044] In this invention, the porosity of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is specifically calculated as follows:

[0045] △P=f·K·[(1-ε) 2 / ε 3 ]·(ρv 2 / 2g)·[(L b-前 +L b-中 +L b-后 +) / D p ]...Formula I;

[0046] Where: K = 9 * (0.54 + 4.9 / Re) 0.5 ) 2 Re = ρvd / μ; ΔP = P 入 -P 出 ;d=L / (L b-前 +L b-中 +L b-后 );

[0047] In the formula: ΔP is the pressure drop, Pa; K is the flue gas influence factor; ε is the porosity; ρ is the density of the flue gas, kg / m³ 3 v is the flow velocity of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 L b-前 The thickness of the activated carbon bed in the pre-adsorption tower is measured in meters (m); L b-中 L represents the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the indoor activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters (m). b-后 D represents the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the chamber following the activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters. p ρ is the particle size of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters; Re is the Reynolds number; μ is the dynamic viscosity of the flue gas, in Pa·s; d is the characteristic length; P 入 P is the pressure of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, in Pa; 出 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower is Pa; L is the height of the activated carbon bed inside the activated carbon adsorption tower, m; f is the adjustment coefficient, s. -2 The value ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.

[0048] Preferably, the physicochemical properties of activated carbon include the particle size of the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0049] Preferably, the physicochemical properties of the flue gas include its density and its dynamic viscosity.

[0050] Preferably, the operating parameters of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower include the thickness of the activated carbon bed and the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0051] Preferably, the operating parameters of the flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower include the flow rate of the flue gas when it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower, the dynamic viscosity of the flue gas, the pressure of the flue gas when it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower, and the pressure of the flue gas when it exits the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0052] As a preferred method, the real-time porosity is calculated as follows: the pressure of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower is detected in real time as P. 入 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower in real time is used as P. 出 Substituting into Equation I, the real-time porosity of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is calculated.

[0053] In this invention, ε0 is 0.2-0.5, preferably 0.22-0.45, and more preferably 0.25-0.4; for example, ε0 takes values ​​of 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.30, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.40, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, and 0.50.

[0054] In this invention, the thickness of the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 80-1000 mm; for example, the thickness of the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is: 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 110 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm, 140 mm, 150 mm, 160 mm, 170 mm, 180 mm, 190 mm, 200 mm, 220 mm, 240 mm, 250 mm, 260 mm, 280 mm, 300 mm, 320 mm, 340 mm, 350 mm, 360 mm, 380 mm, 400 mm, 420 mm, 440 mm. 450mm, 460mm, 480mm, 500mm, 520mm, 540mm, 550mm, 560mm, 580mm, 600mm, 620mm, 640mm, 650mm, 660mm, 680mm, 700mm, 720mm, 740mm, 750mm, 760mm, 780mm, 800mm, 820mm, 840mm, 850mm, 860mm, 880mm, 900mm, 920mm, 940mm, 950mm, 960mm, 980mm, 1000mm.

[0055] In this invention, the thickness of the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 200-1500 mm; for example, the thickness of the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is: 200 mm, 220 mm, 240 mm, 250 mm, 260 mm, 280 mm, 300 mm, 320 mm, 340 mm, 350 mm, 360 mm, 380 mm, 400 mm, 420 mm, 440 mm, 450 mm, 460 mm, 480 mm, 500 mm, 520 mm, 540 mm, 550 mm, 560 mm, 580 mm, 600 mm, 620 mm, 640 mm, 650 mm, 660 mm, 680 mm. mm, 700mm, 720mm, 740mm, 750mm, 760mm, 780mm, 800mm, 820mm, 840mm, 850mm, 860mm, 880mm, 900mm, 920mm, 940mm, 950mm, 960mm, 980mm, 1000mm, 1050mm, 1080mm, 1100mm, 1150mm, 1180mm, 1200mm, 1250mm, 1280mm, 1300mm, 1350mm, 1380mm, 1400mm, 1450mm, 1480mm, 1500mm.

[0056] In this invention, the thickness of the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 300-2500 mm; for example, the thickness of the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is: 300 mm, 320 mm, 340 mm, 350 mm, 360 mm, 380 mm, 400 mm, 420 mm, 440 mm, 450 mm, 460 mm, 480 mm, 500 mm, 520 mm, 540 mm, 550 mm, 560 mm, 5 80mm, 600mm, 620mm, 640mm, 650mm, 660mm, 680mm, 700mm, 720mm, 740mm, 750mm, 760mm, 780m m, 800mm, 820mm, 840mm, 850mm, 860mm, 880mm, 900mm, 920mm, 940mm, 950mm, 960mm, 980mm, 1 000mm, 1050mm, 1080mm, 1100mm, 1150mm, 1180mm, 1200mm, 1250mm, 1280mm, 1300mm, 1350mm , 1380mm, 1400mm, 1450mm, 1480mm, 1500mm, 1550mm, 1580mm, 1600mm, 1650mm, 1680mm, 1700 mm, 1750mm, 1780mm, 1800mm, 1850mm, 1880mm, 1900mm, 2050mm, 2080mm, 2100mm, 2150mm, 21 80mm, 2200mm, 2250mm, 2280mm, 2300mm, 2350mm, 2380mm, 2400mm, 2450mm, 2480mm, 2500mm.

[0057] In this invention, the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 15-40m, preferably 18-35m, and more preferably 20-30m. For example, the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 15m, 15.5m, 16m, 16.5m, 17m, 17.5m, 18m, 18.5m, 19m, 19.5m, 20m, 20.5m, 21m, 21.5m, 22m, 22.5m, 23m, 23.5m, 24m, 24.5m, 25m, 25.5m, 26m, etc. m, 26.5m, 27m, 27.5m, 28m, 28.5m, 29m, 29.5m, 30m, 31.5m, 32m, 32.5m, 33m, 33.5 m, 34m, 34.5m, 35m, 35.5m, 36m, 36.5m, 37m, 37.5m, 38m, 38.5m, 39m, 39.5m, 40m.

[0058] In this invention, m 总 =m 前-0 +m中-0 +m 后-0 ;m 前-0 :m 中-0 :m 后-0 =0.8-1.5:2:0.6-1.5. For example, the residence time of activated carbon in the front chamber is 40h, in the middle chamber is 110h, and in the rear chamber is 230h. The ratio of the feed rates in the front, middle, and rear chambers is controlled to be 1.2:2:1.

[0059] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, an activated carbon adsorption tower system or an activated carbon adsorption tower system for use in the method described in the first embodiment is provided.

[0060] An activated carbon adsorption tower system includes an activated carbon adsorption tower, a flue gas conveying pipeline, a gas discharge pipeline, an activated carbon conveying system, and an activated carbon output system. The activated carbon adsorption tower is equipped with a baffle plate that divides its interior into a front chamber, a middle chamber, and a rear chamber. Each of the front, middle, and rear chambers has an independent feed control valve at its bottom. The activated carbon conveying system is connected to the activated carbon inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. The activated carbon output system is connected to the activated carbon outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. The flue gas conveying pipeline is connected to the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. The gas discharge pipeline is connected to the gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. A first pressure detection device and a flue gas velocity detection device are installed at the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. A second pressure detection device is installed at the gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. A flue gas physicochemical property detection device is installed on the flue gas conveying pipeline. An activated carbon physicochemical property detection device is installed on the activated carbon conveying system.

[0061] Preferably, the system includes n activated carbon adsorption towers; wherein n is 1-20, preferably 2-10, and more preferably 3-8. For example: the system includes 1 activated carbon adsorption tower, the system includes 2 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 3 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 4 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 5 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 6 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 7 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 8 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 9 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 10 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 11 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 12 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 13 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 14 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 15 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 16 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 17 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 18 activated carbon adsorption towers, the system includes 19 activated carbon adsorption towers, and the system includes 20 activated carbon adsorption towers.

[0062] While activated carbon flue gas purification technology possesses the capability for synergistic treatment of multiple pollutants, it faces challenges in practical operation, including inaccurate monitoring of the porosity of the adsorption system and lagging control. Traditional methods rely on bottom activated carbon sampling to calculate porosity, which suffers from insufficient sample representativeness and large data fluctuations, failing to reflect the true operating conditions inside the adsorption tower.

[0063] To address these issues, the research team discovered a strong correlation between dynamic changes in porosity and the distribution of activated carbon. However, existing single-layer activated carbon control methods could not pinpoint the specific affected areas. By analyzing the airflow distribution within the adsorption tower, they found that the activated carbon in the front, middle, and rear sections made differentiated contributions to dust removal. Based on this, they proposed establishing a multi-parameter linked porosity calculation model and constructing a layered control mechanism to achieve precise material feeding control through real-time data feedback. This model, combining pressure, flow rate, and physicochemical property data, dynamically adjusts the proportion of activated carbon added to each layer, significantly improving porosity monitoring accuracy, effectively solving the control lag problem, and ensuring the system's efficient and stable operation.

[0064] This application proposes a technical solution that involves detecting the physicochemical properties of activated carbon and flue gas, layering activated carbon in the front, middle and rear chambers of the adsorption tower, monitoring operating parameters in real time to calculate the average porosity, and maintaining porosity stability by adjusting the feed rate of a specific chamber when the value is lower than a set threshold.

[0065] In this invention, the detection of activated carbon's physicochemical properties includes particle size distribution characteristics, which can be monitored online using a laser particle size analyzer to ensure that the physical state of the activated carbon meets adsorption requirements. The detection of flue gas physicochemical properties involves density parameters, which can be obtained through a gas analyzer linked with temperature and pressure sensors, providing basic data for porosity calculation. Operational parameter monitoring covers bed thickness indicators, using an ultrasonic thickness measuring device for non-contact measurement to avoid interfering with the adsorption process. The porosity calculation model integrates pressure drop data and fluid dynamic parameters, using a pressure sensor to collect the inlet and outlet pressure difference in real time, and dynamically calculating the porosity distribution based on flow velocity monitoring values. By optimizing the stratified control strategy, the system can automatically adjust the activated carbon dosage in each chamber according to real-time porosity changes, ensuring maximum adsorption efficiency. Experimental results show that this technical solution significantly improves flue gas purification efficiency, extends the service life of activated carbon, reduces operation and maintenance costs, and provides an efficient and reliable solution for industrial flue gas treatment.

[0066] Specifically, the system first acquires basic parameters such as activated carbon particle size and flue gas density, and then layers the activated carbon into front, middle, and rear chambers to form differentiated adsorption zones. During operation, it continuously collects data on bed thickness, flue gas velocity, and pressure drop in each chamber, and calculates the average porosity using a fluid dynamics model. When the porosity is detected to be below a safe threshold, the feed rate to the front chamber is adjusted first, while maintaining a constant total feed rate. After recirculation, the porosity is calculated again. This layered control mechanism can accurately locate key areas affecting porosity and effectively restore bed permeability by directionally increasing the activated carbon renewal rate in specific chambers.

[0067] Compared with existing technologies, this scheme overcomes the limitations of traditional single-point sampling and detection. Through dynamic differential pressure monitoring and layered packing structure design, it achieves real-time calculation and precise positioning of porosity. Unlike the general overall control methods in existing technologies, this method establishes independent control mechanisms for the front, middle, and rear chambers, enabling rapid identification and handling of porosity anomalies in specific areas and avoiding resource waste caused by replacing the entire activated carbon tower. Through refined management and local optimization, this scheme significantly improves the system's response speed and adsorption efficiency. Experiments verify that it exhibits excellent stability and reliability under different operating conditions, providing strong technical support for the efficient purification of industrial flue gas.

[0068] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves the problems of lag in activated carbon porosity monitoring and inaccurate control in the adsorption tower, significantly improving the system's operational stability. The stratified detection mechanism can accurately identify dust accumulation areas, the directional feeding control strategy reduces activated carbon consumption, and the differential pressure dynamic monitoring technology enables real-time porosity tracking, providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of the adsorption tower.

[0069] This application further proposes a method to ensure the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower. When the average porosity of the activated carbon bed is detected to be lower than a preset lower limit, the activated carbon feed rates in the front chamber, middle chamber, and rear chamber are adjusted sequentially, and the parameter detection and porosity calculation process is repeated after each adjustment. Through this method, the system can precisely control the distribution of activated carbon in each chamber, ensuring that the porosity is maintained within the optimal range, effectively preventing adsorption tower blockage, and improving overall purification efficiency. Experimental data show that this strategy significantly reduces the frequency of activated carbon replacement and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0070] The sequential adjustment refers to adjusting the feed rate of each chamber in stages, following the order of the front chamber, middle chamber, and rear chamber. Specifically, flow rate regulation is achieved by independently controlling the feed valves at the bottom of each chamber. For example, when the feed rate in the front chamber increases, the feed rates in the middle and rear chambers decrease proportionally to maintain a constant total feed rate. This staged adjustment method systematically verifies the impact of each chamber on porosity, providing data support for subsequent optimization. Furthermore, this strategy enhances the system's adaptability, enabling automatic parameter adjustments under complex operating conditions to ensure adsorption effectiveness. Long-term operational data shows that this solution not only improves purification efficiency but also extends equipment lifespan, bringing significant economic and environmental benefits to the environmental protection industry.

[0071] Specifically, when insufficient porosity is detected, the feed rate in the pre-chamber is first adjusted individually and a complete operating cycle is completed. The porosity is then recalculated by monitoring the differential pressure data in real time. If the porosity still does not meet the standard after adjustment, the adjustment phase proceeds to the middle chamber, and finally, the rear chamber is adjusted. This step-by-step adjustment strategy can effectively identify the sensitivity of different chambers to dust accumulation. For example, the pre-chamber, as the initial contact area with flue gas, may preferentially experience pore blockage. Step-by-step adjustment can accurately locate the problem area.

[0072] Compared to existing technologies, current methods typically involve overall or random adjustments to the feed rate of each chamber, failing to determine the impact of specific chambers on system performance. This method, however, establishes a step-by-step adjustment mechanism, clearly defining the different roles of each chamber in the dust removal process. For example, changes in porosity after adjustment of the pre-chamber can reflect the dust-carrying capacity of the activated carbon in that area, providing a basis for targeted maintenance.

[0073] Through the above technical solution, this application enables precise control of the operating status of the activated carbon adsorption tower, prioritizing the optimization of activated carbon circulation efficiency in key areas while maintaining the overall system processing capacity. This method effectively solves the problem of not being able to locate specific blockage areas in traditional technologies, and reduces the operational risks caused by blind adjustments through a phased adjustment strategy, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the adsorption tower.

[0074] This application further proposes a method to maintain a constant total feed rate in the activated carbon adsorption tower when the porosity of the activated carbon bed is below a set threshold. The feed rate in the front chamber is increased, while the feed rates in the middle and rear chambers are proportionally reduced. After the activated carbon completes one cycle, the porosity is re-tested. If the porosity remains below the threshold after adjustment, the feed rate in the middle or rear chamber is further adjusted. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures balanced utilization of activated carbon in each chamber, avoids local overload, and improves overall adsorption efficiency. Long-term practice has proven that this method significantly reduces activated carbon consumption, lowers operation and maintenance costs, and provides strong support for the intelligent management of environmental protection equipment.

[0075] The total feed rate refers to the sum of the feed rates from the front chamber, middle chamber, and rear chamber. Maintaining a constant total feed rate prevents disruption of system stability. Increasing the feed rate from the front chamber means increasing the material flow velocity in the activated carbon area to address potential dust accumulation in that region. Proportional adjustment means redistributing the feed rate to each chamber according to a mathematical relationship based on the initial feed rate distribution. For example, the reduction in feed rates in the middle and rear chambers is correlated with the increase in feed rates in the front chamber. Real-time porosity calculation involves dynamically calculating the current porosity state by collecting pressure difference data from the tower inlet and outlet using pressure sensors, combined with flow velocity and temperature parameters.

[0076] Specifically, when the porosity is detected to be below the safety threshold, the total feed rate parameter is first locked, increasing the feed rate in the front chamber to (1+a) times the original value, while simultaneously reducing the feed rates in the middle and rear chambers. After the adjusted activated carbon completes a full circulation within the tower, new differential pressure data is obtained through pressure transmitters installed at the tower inlet and outlet. Combined with the gas velocity measured by the flue gas flow meter, this data is substituted into the porosity calculation formula to obtain the updated porosity value. If the new value reaches the safety threshold, the current parameters are maintained; otherwise, a secondary adjustment procedure for the middle or rear chamber is triggered.

[0077] Compared to existing technologies, which can only indirectly estimate porosity through bottom sampling and cannot distinguish the influence of each layer, this solution achieves dynamic porosity calculation through real-time differential pressure monitoring and accurately identifies key areas affecting dust removal through a layered adjustment mechanism. The fixed-ratio material distribution method in traditional technologies has been improved to a dynamically adjustable intelligent distribution mode, effectively solving the problem of system efficiency reduction caused by local blockage.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves online monitoring and precise control of the porosity of the activated carbon adsorption tower. A stratified adjustment mechanism quickly locates and eliminates dust accumulation areas, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the adsorption system. This solution effectively avoids the problem of increased system resistance caused by decreased porosity, significantly improves activated carbon utilization, and reduces equipment maintenance frequency.

[0079] This application further proposes that if, after adjusting the activated carbon feed in the front chamber, the real-time porosity obtained after adjustment is still lower than the preset lower limit, the adjustment strategy is changed. The total feed amount of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower remains unchanged, while the feed amount in the middle chamber is adjusted to an increment of the initial value ((1+b) times). Simultaneously, the feed amounts in the front and rear chambers are reduced proportionally. After the activated carbon completes one cycle, the real-time porosity is re-detected and calculated. If the adjusted porosity reaches the lower limit, operation continues; otherwise, the feed amount in the rear chamber is further adjusted. Through this layer-by-layer fine-tuning strategy, the system can accurately identify and solve the porosity problem of each activated carbon bed layer, ensuring that the overall adsorption efficiency is not affected by local factors. After multiple cycle verifications, this scheme significantly improves system stability and operating efficiency, reduces costs caused by frequent maintenance, and achieves efficient and long-term operation of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0080] The adjustment of the feed rate in the middle chamber by an incremental ratio refers to increasing the feed rate in the middle chamber by a certain amount based on the initial value. This can be achieved, for example, by increasing the flow coefficient of the middle chamber feed valve, which enhances the renewal speed of the activated carbon in the middle chamber. Proportionally reducing the feed rates in the front and rear chambers means reducing the feed rates in both chambers by the same proportion. This can be achieved, for example, by reducing the opening range of the corresponding feed valves. This ensures that the total feed rate remains constant while optimizing the distribution of activated carbon in each chamber. One activated carbon cycle refers to the complete process of activated carbon moving from the adsorption tower to the regeneration system and back to the adsorption tower. This can be achieved, for example, by controlling the conveyor belt running time, ensuring that the adjusted activated carbon fully participates in the adsorption process. Real-time porosity calculation refers to dynamically calculating the bed porosity based on differential pressure detection data. For example, data is collected by a differential pressure sensor and substituted into a formula for calculation, enabling online monitoring of porosity.

[0081] Specifically, when the porosity is detected to be below the lower limit, the total feed rate is first locked, and the feed rate to the middle chamber is increased to 1.05-2 times the initial value. Simultaneously, the feed rates to the front and rear chambers are reduced proportionally. For example, if the feed rate to the middle chamber increases by 20%, the feed rates to the front and rear chambers are each reduced by 10% of the initial feed rate to the middle chamber. After adjustment, the activated carbon circulates once within the system. Inlet and outlet pressure data are collected using a differential pressure sensor and substituted into the porosity calculation formula to obtain the new real-time porosity. If this value reaches or exceeds the lower limit, the current feed rate ratio is maintained; if it remains below the lower limit, the rear chamber feed rate adjustment stage begins. This process, through layered and progressive adjustment, gradually identifies the key chambers affecting porosity.

[0082] Compared to existing technologies, current methods can only address porosity decline by replacing the entire activated carbon or randomly adjusting the feed rate, failing to achieve precise, layered adjustment. This solution, however, locks and adjusts the feed rate of specific chambers in stages, combined with real-time porosity feedback, enabling precise identification of key areas affecting system resistance and avoiding activated carbon waste or system fluctuations caused by blind operation.

[0083] This application further proposes that, after adjusting the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, the real-time porosity ε obtained by detection is... 实时-中 If the feed rate is still below the lower limit ε0, adjust the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's downstream chamber to m. 后-3 At the same time, the material discharge rate in the front chamber and middle chamber is reduced proportionally to maintain the total material discharge rate m. 总 The real-time porosity ε remains unchanged after one activated carbon circulation cycle, and the amount of activated carbon fed into the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is recalculated and adjusted. 实时-后 If ε 实时-后 If the value remains below ε0, replace all the activated carbon in the adsorption tower. This refined adjustment strategy not only extends the service life of the activated carbon but also significantly improves the overall operating efficiency of the adsorption tower, ensuring system stability and economy.

[0084] Proportionally reducing the feed rate in the front and middle chambers means reducing the feed rate in the front and middle chambers according to their initial weight ratios, based on the increase in the feed rate in the rear chamber. This can be achieved by automatically adjusting the opening of the conveying valves using a preset allocation algorithm. Real-time porosity calculation involves collecting the pressure difference data between the flue gas inlet and outlet using online pressure sensors, combining this data with flow rate and viscosity parameters, and iteratively solving the problem using a corrected pressure drop formula. This can be achieved using an embedded processor for real-time computation. The activated carbon replacement trigger mechanism automatically starts the unloading device and activates the new carbon replenishment process when the porosity still does not meet the standard after three consecutive adjustments.

[0085] Specifically, when the system detects ε 实时-中 If the feed rate is still below the set threshold, the control module will increase the feed rate from the rear chamber to m. 后-3 Simultaneously, the feed rate to the front and middle chambers is reduced according to a preset proportional coefficient. After the adjusted activated carbon completes a full cycle, the pressure sensor collects updated differential pressure data and, combined with flue gas density and flow velocity parameters, recalculates the porosity using the corrected pressure drop equation. If the calculation results still do not meet the requirements, the system determines that the activated carbon has failed entirely, initiates the automatic unloading program and imports new activated carbon, while re-initializing the feed rate baseline values ​​for each chamber.

[0086] In this invention, a three-tiered progressive adjustment strategy accurately identifies problematic chambers and prioritizes local optimization, effectively extending the overall service life of activated carbon. This application can accurately locate key chambers affecting dust removal efficiency, and the layered progressive adjustment strategy avoids ineffective activated carbon replacement, significantly reducing maintenance costs while maintaining stable system operation. The online porosity monitoring mechanism overcomes the lag problem of traditional sampling methods, ensuring real-time controllability of system resistance and effectively preventing operational safety accidents caused by sudden drops in porosity. This refined adjustment strategy not only extends the service life of activated carbon but also improves the system's response speed and adjustment accuracy, ensuring efficient operation of the adsorption tower under different operating conditions.

[0087] This application further proposes an adjustment method under the premise of keeping the total feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, in which the feed rate of the front chamber is adjusted to (1+a) times the original value, and the feed rates of the middle and rear chambers are reduced proportionally. The specific adjustment formula is as follows: the feed rate of the front chamber is adjusted to (1+a) times the initial value, the feed rate of the middle chamber is adjusted to [1-a·initial feed rate of the front chamber / (initial feed rate of the middle chamber + initial feed rate of the rear chamber)] times the initial value, and the feed rate of the rear chamber is adjusted to [1-a·initial feed rate of the front chamber / (initial feed rate of the middle chamber + initial feed rate of the rear chamber)] times the initial value, wherein the adjustment coefficient a ranges from 0.01 to 0.8.

[0088] The front chamber feed rate adjustment coefficient 'a' refers to the proportional factor used to control the increase in the activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber. Specifically, it can be achieved using empirical values ​​based on historical operating data or dynamic adjustment values ​​based on real-time monitoring feedback. Its numerical range is determined through experimental verification. The middle and rear chamber feed rate adjustment ratio refers to the calculation method of allocating the reduction amount according to the initial flow rate weight based on the front chamber increment. This can be derived using the flow balance formula to ensure that the total feed rate remains constant. The lower limit of adjustment coefficient 'a' (0.01) is to ensure the adjustment range is operable, while the upper limit (0.8) is to prevent excessively large single adjustments from causing system instability.

[0089] Specifically, when the porosity is detected to be below a threshold, the bed structure is optimized by increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber while simultaneously reducing the flow rates in the middle and rear chambers. The increase in the front chamber flow rate is controlled by a coefficient 'a'; for example, when 'a' is 0.2, the front chamber flow rate increases by 20%. The reduction in the flow rates in the middle and rear chambers is automatically calculated based on the initial flow rate ratio of the front chamber. For example, when the initial flow rate of the front chamber accounts for 30% of the total flow rate of the middle and rear chambers, the reduction ratio of the flow rate in the middle and rear chambers is 0.2 × 30% = 6%. This adjustment method improves the bed pore structure by changing the distribution ratio of activated carbon in each chamber while maintaining the overall system processing capacity.

[0090] Through the above technical solution, this application can precisely control the adjustment ratio of activated carbon flow rate in each chamber, effectively restoring bed porosity by optimizing activated carbon distribution while ensuring the stability of the overall system processing capacity. This adjustment method, through the establishment of a mathematical model, makes flow rate adjustment predictable and repeatable, significantly improving system adjustment efficiency and avoiding operational fluctuations caused by repeated trial and error in traditional methods, thus providing a reliable guarantee for maintaining the efficient and stable operation of the adsorption tower.

[0091] This application further proposes a specific method for adjusting the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber during the operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower when the porosity of the activated carbon bed is detected to be lower than a set threshold after adjusting the amount of activated carbon fed into the front chamber. This method keeps the total feed amount constant, adjusts the feed amount into the middle chamber to (1+b) times the original value, and simultaneously reduces the feed amounts into the front and rear chambers proportionally, where the proportionality coefficient b ranges from 0.05 to 1. The adjusted feed amount into the front chamber is [1-b·m] times the original value. 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 The rear chamber is adjusted to [1-b·m] times the original value. 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )] times.

[0092] The proportionality coefficient 'b' refers to the adjustment range of the feed rate in the middle chamber. Its reasonable range can be determined through experimental data, for example, between 0.05 and 1. This range ensures the effectiveness of the activated carbon flow state adjustment and system stability. The increase in the feed rate in the middle chamber and the decrease in the feed rate in the other two chambers form a dynamic balance, maintaining a constant total feed rate to avoid disrupting the system's material balance. The adjustment coefficients for the front and rear chambers are calculated using a weighted allocation method, dynamically adjusted according to the original feed rate ratio. This calculation method ensures the coordination of the adjustment amounts in each chamber.

[0093] Specifically, when the activated carbon feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is adjusted, and the system detects that the porosity is lower than the standard value, the feed rate in the middle chamber is incrementally adjusted. This is achieved by increasing the middle chamber feed rate to (1+b) times the original value, while simultaneously reducing it proportionally in both the front and rear chambers, forming a regional adjustment strategy centered on the middle chamber. This adjustment process is implemented through material conservation calculations: Front chamber adjustment = Original value × [1-b·m] 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )], Rear chamber adjustment amount = original value × [1-b·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 This calculation method maintains the overall material balance while achieving a targeted improvement in the processing capacity of the central chamber. The range of parameter b has been experimentally verified to cover different operating conditions. For example, a larger value of b can be selected when the dust concentration is high to enhance the processing capacity of the central chamber.

[0094] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of decreased porosity caused by insufficient processing capacity of the middle chamber in the activated carbon adsorption tower. By establishing a scientific proportional adjustment model, the processing efficiency of the target chamber is improved while maintaining the overall stability of the system, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional methods such as low adjustment precision and easy induction of system disorder. This solution can accurately identify the key role of the middle chamber in the dust removal process, and improve the bed pore structure by directionally enhancing the activated carbon circulation rate in the middle chamber, providing a quantifiable control method for multi-chamber synergistic optimization.

[0095] This application further proposes the total feed rate (m) of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 总 Keeping the feed rate constant, adjust the feed rate to m in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 后-3 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-3 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 中-3 After one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is calculated in real time. 实时-后 Where: m 后 -3 = (1 + c)m 后-0 m 前 -3=[1-c·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 前-0 m 中 -3=[1-c·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 中-0 c is 0.1-1.5.

[0096] Where, m 后-3 This refers to the adjusted feed rate of activated carbon in the rear chamber, which can be achieved by adjusting the opening of the feed control valve or the conveying speed. This adjustment is based on the initial feed rate m in the rear chamber. 后-0 Increase proportionally to enhance the flow rate of the activated carbon in the rear chamber. 前-3 and m 中-3 This refers to the adjusted feed rate in the front and middle chambers. Its calculation is based on the principle of total feed rate conservation, reducing the feed rate in the front and middle chambers to balance the increase in feed rate in the rear chamber. Parameter c is an adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 1.5. It can be dynamically adjusted based on real-time porosity calculations to control the magnitude of the increase in rear chamber feed rate while avoiding flow field imbalance caused by a sudden decrease in feed rate in the front and middle chambers.

[0097] Specifically, when the amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber increases by a coefficient c, the amounts fed into the front and middle chambers decrease proportionally to ensure that the total amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber remains constant. For example, when c is 0.5, if the amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber increases by 50%, the amounts fed into the front and middle chambers decrease by [c·m] respectively. 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 The initial feed rate is increased by [number] times. This adjustment improves the renewal rate of activated carbon in the rear chamber, helping to remove accumulated dust and carbon powder, thereby restoring bed porosity. After one activated carbon circulation cycle, the system re-measures the porosity ε. 实时-后 If the value is still below the threshold, the entire activated carbon replacement process will be triggered.

[0098] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves precise adjustment of the feed rate of activated carbon in the rear chamber, effectively solving the problem of porosity reduction caused by dust accumulation in the rear chamber. By dynamically adjusting the coefficient c, the system can quickly respond to changes in porosity, avoiding overall efficiency reduction caused by blockage of a single chamber. This solution further improves the control precision of the activated carbon adsorption tower, ensuring that the porosity remains stable within the safe operating range, while extending the service life of the activated carbon.

[0099] This application further proposes that during the operation of the activated carbon adsorption tower, if the real-time porosity after adjusting the activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber is greater than or equal to the average porosity, it indicates that increasing the front chamber flow rate is beneficial for dust removal; if the real-time porosity is less than the average porosity, it indicates that the flow rate in the middle or rear chamber affects the removal effect. The same logic is used to determine the direction of the impact on dust removal when adjusting the middle and rear chambers. Through this logic, the system can accurately identify the impact of the flow rate in each chamber on the removal effect, thereby optimizing the flow distribution and improving the overall removal efficiency. Simultaneously, the combination of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment ensures that each chamber works collaboratively, maintaining the efficient and stable operation of the adsorption tower.

[0100] Real-time porosity refers to the proportion of void volume in the activated carbon bed, calculated in real time using a pressure drop model. Specifically, this can be achieved by installing pressure sensors to detect the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the tower, and then substituting parameters such as flue gas density and flow velocity into the formula. Flow rate adjustment refers to the proportional regulation of the activated carbon feed rate to each chamber, for example, by controlling the opening of the feed valve to change the amount of activated carbon replenished per unit time.

[0101] Specifically, when the average porosity is detected to be lower than a set threshold, the system sequentially performs flow rate adjustment tests on the front chamber, middle chamber, and rear chamber. For example, first, the feed rate to the front chamber is increased while maintaining the total feed rate constant. After one cycle, the porosity is recalculated. If the adjusted porosity is higher than the average before adjustment, it indicates that insufficient activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber is causing dust retention, and this area needs to be optimized first. If the porosity does not improve, it indicates that there is a dust accumulation problem in the middle or rear chamber, and the flow rate of the corresponding chamber needs to be further adjusted. Through phased tests and data comparison, the degree of influence of each chamber on the system resistance can be clearly defined.

[0102] In some specific implementations, an automatic control module can be set to continuously collect differential pressure data and trigger a graded adjustment program when an abnormal porosity is detected. For example, the initial trigger increases the flow rate in the fore-chamber by 5%. If the porosity improves, the parameters in that region are continuously optimized. If there is no improvement, the system switches to the flow rate adjustment mode in the middle chamber. Each adjustment can be set within the range of 3%-10% according to the actual operating conditions.

[0103] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the technical problem of locating dust accumulation areas in the multi-layer structure of activated carbon adsorption towers, and realizes rapid diagnosis and targeted control of abnormal porosity. This solution can effectively reduce system operating resistance, avoid overall efficiency decline due to localized dust accumulation, and extend the activated carbon replacement cycle, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0104] This application further proposes a method for prioritizing the impact of the front, middle, and rear chambers of an activated carbon adsorption tower on dust removal. Specifically, this method involves setting equal adjustment coefficients a, b, and c, and comparing the difference between the activated carbon bed adsorption rate after adjusting the feed rate of each chamber and the porosity before adjustment to determine the degree of influence of each chamber on dust removal. If the porosity difference after adjustment is the largest in the front chamber, then the front chamber has the greatest impact; if the porosity difference after adjustment is the largest in the middle chamber, then the middle chamber has the greatest impact; and if the porosity difference after adjustment is the largest in the rear chamber, then the rear chamber has the greatest impact. This method allows for precise identification of key influencing areas, targeted optimization of chamber parameters, ensuring efficient operation of the adsorption tower, significantly improving the overall removal effect, and achieving both long-term system stability and economic efficiency.

[0105] The equal adjustment coefficients a, b, and c mean that the material feeding ratio of each chamber is kept consistent. This can be achieved by setting the same proportional coefficient, for example, setting a, b, and c to 0.2. This ensures that the change in material feeding in each chamber is consistent during the adjustment process, eliminating the interference of proportional differences on the comparison results. The porosity difference calculation involves subtracting the adjusted real-time porosity from the average porosity before adjustment. This can be achieved by comparing real-time monitoring data with historical data. For example, pressure drop data can be obtained through an online pressure sensor, substituted into the porosity calculation formula to obtain the real-time porosity, and then the difference is calculated with the average porosity stored in the system.

[0106] Specifically, when the activated carbon bed porosity is detected to be below the lower limit, the total feed rate is kept constant. The feed rates of the front, middle, and rear chambers are increased individually, while the feed rates of the other two chambers are decreased proportionally. After each adjustment, the porosity change is calculated using real-time pressure drop data, and the porosity difference after adjustment is recorded. After three independent adjustments, the porosity differences are compared, and the chamber with the largest difference is identified as the area with the greatest impact on dust removal. Therefore, operators can optimize the feed parameters of the corresponding chambers, such as prioritizing increasing the activated carbon replenishment amount for the chamber with the greatest impact, or adjusting its circulation cycle.

[0107] Through the above technical solution, this application can accurately identify the chambers within the activated carbon adsorption tower that play a dominant role in dust removal, providing a direct basis for optimizing operating parameters. This solution avoids the data fluctuation problems of traditional sampling methods, improves judgment accuracy through real-time data comparison, and guides operators to make precise adjustments to high-impact areas, such as prioritizing the cleaning of severely clogged chambers or increasing the replenishment of activated carbon in those areas, thereby maintaining the overall adsorption efficiency of the system and reducing the risk of abnormally increased system resistance due to a decrease in local porosity.

[0108] In existing technologies, activated carbon flue gas purification systems treat complex pollutants in sintering flue gas through adsorption and desorption processes. However, in actual operation, it is difficult to monitor the porosity of the activated carbon bed within the adsorption tower in real time. Existing methods rely on sampling and detection, which suffers from insufficient sample representativeness and inability to reflect dynamic changes, leading to increased system resistance and decreased purification efficiency. For example, when the electrostatic precipitator effect fluctuates or the quality of activated carbon changes, the decrease in bed porosity cannot be detected in time, affecting the stable operation of the system.

[0109] To address the aforementioned issues, the inventors discovered that existing porosity detection methods are limited by offline sampling and static calculations, making them unsuitable for dynamic operating conditions. By analyzing the relationship between activated carbon bed resistance and porosity, they proposed establishing a dynamic correlation between pressure drop and porosity by combining real-time operating parameters and a fluid dynamics model. Based on this, the inventors designed a method that detects multiple parameters and substitutes them into a formula to calculate porosity, achieving real-time monitoring and control.

[0110] Therefore, this application proposes a technical solution for detecting the physicochemical properties of activated carbon, which involves filling activated carbon into an adsorption tower and introducing flue gas, detecting the physicochemical properties and operating parameters of the flue gas, and calculating the porosity based on the detected parameters.

[0111] The process involves several key steps: First, detecting the physicochemical properties of activated carbon. This involves acquiring data on the activated carbon's intrinsic attributes, such as particle size and density, to provide foundational data for subsequent calculations. Second, loading activated carbon into the adsorption tower and introducing flue gas creates a suitable contact environment between the activated carbon and the flue gas. This can be achieved by controlling the packing thickness and adjusting the flue gas flow rate to ensure a complete adsorption reaction. Third, detecting the physicochemical properties and operating parameters of the flue gas involves real-time acquisition of dynamic data such as flue gas density, flow rate, and pressure difference. This can be achieved using devices such as pressure sensors and flow meters to provide input for model calculations. Fourth, calculating porosity based on the detected parameters involves dynamically solving a equation relating pressure drop and porosity. This can be achieved by establishing fluid dynamics equations and iteratively calculating to reflect the bed condition in real time.

[0112] Specifically, the particle size and density of activated carbon are first obtained through laboratory testing or online monitoring equipment. Then, the activated carbon is uniformly filled into the adsorption tower to form a bed of a specific thickness. After entering the adsorption tower through the inlet, the flue gas flows through the activated carbon bed to complete pollutant adsorption and is finally discharged from the outlet. During this process, parameters such as the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet, flue gas velocity, and viscosity are monitored in real time. These parameters, combined with the physicochemical data of the activated carbon, are used in formulas to calculate the porosity. For example, the porosity can be inferred using the pressure drop equation, and model errors can be corrected by adjusting coefficients to ensure that the calculation results accurately reflect actual operating conditions.

[0113] Compared to existing technologies, which rely on offline sampling to detect porosity, resulting in lag and sample bias, this solution directly calculates porosity by collecting operating parameters in real time, eliminating sampling errors. Furthermore, existing technologies cannot dynamically monitor changes in bed condition; this solution correlates porosity using a pressure drop model, allowing for continuous data updates during operation and providing a basis for system control.

[0114] Through the above technical solution, this application can obtain the porosity of the activated carbon bed in real time, accurately identify bed blockage or activated carbon deterioration problems, and adjust the flue gas flow rate or replace the activated carbon in a timely manner to maintain the efficient operation of the adsorption tower. This method avoids the limitations of sampling and detection, improves the stability of the purification system, extends the service life of activated carbon, and provides reliable technical support for the treatment of complex flue gas.

[0115] The flue gas inlet and outlet of the activated carbon flue gas adsorption tower have the same diameter. Flue gas is conveyed into the tower by a blower in the flue gas pipeline. Inside the tower, the flue gas comes into full contact with the activated carbon, and pollutants are effectively adsorbed. The purified flue gas is then discharged through the outlet. Due to the resistance of the activated carbon, the flue gas pressure differs between the inlet and outlet, with a higher pressure at the inlet and a lower pressure at the outlet, creating a pressure difference. This change is monitored in real time by a differential pressure sensor. Combined with flue gas velocity and viscosity data, the porosity calculation model is further optimized to ensure maximum adsorption efficiency. Simultaneously, the system automatically adjusts the blower power based on pressure difference changes to maintain a stable airflow and ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the adsorption tower.

[0116] The pressure drop ΔP refers to the pressure difference of the flue gas before and after passing through the activated carbon bed, which can be specifically detected in real time by a pressure sensor. 入 and export pressure P 出 The porosity ε, calculated subsequently, reflects changes in flow resistance within the bed. Porosity ε refers to the proportion of the void volume between activated carbon particles to the total bed volume; it can be indirectly measured by establishing a mathematical relationship between ε and pressure drop. The adjustment coefficient α corrects deviations between the model and actual operating conditions; its range is determined through fitting experimental data, and can be dynamically adjusted based on test results for different activated carbon types and flue gas compositions. The Reynolds number Re characterizes the flue gas flow state, calculated by combining flue gas velocity, viscosity, and characteristic length parameters, and reflects the impact of turbulence on pressure drop.

[0117] Specifically, by collecting real-time data on flue gas velocity, viscosity, density, activated carbon particle size, and the thickness of each bed layer in the front, middle, and rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower, and combining this with differential pressure measurement data, the system iteratively solves a pressure drop equation that includes porosity ε. This equation, by introducing a Reynolds number correction factor and an adjustment coefficient, can adapt to changes in particle size distribution and flue gas composition. For example, when activated carbon particle size decreases due to wear, the system automatically updates the Dp value and recalculates the porosity, thereby eliminating measurement errors caused by material changes. During the iterative solution process, the system compares the calculated values ​​with the actual measured values ​​in real time, dynamically adjusting the model parameters to ensure the accuracy of porosity ε. Through continuous optimization, the model can adapt to fluctuations in operating conditions, further improving the operating efficiency of the adsorption tower, reducing maintenance costs, and providing a stable and reliable solution for industrial flue gas purification.

[0118] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods rely on manual sampling to detect porosity, which cannot reflect the dynamic changes within the bed. This proposed solution, however, establishes a mathematical model of pressure drop and porosity, combined with real-time parameter acquisition, to achieve online continuous monitoring. Existing technologies do not consider the influence of flue gas properties and flow states on porosity calculations; this solution significantly improves calculation accuracy under complex operating conditions by introducing Reynolds number and adjustment coefficients.

[0119] Through the above technical solution, this application can accurately capture real-time changes in the porosity of the activated carbon bed, providing data support for optimizing flue gas velocity and activated carbon replenishment strategies. When the porosity is detected to be below the threshold, operating parameters can be adjusted in a timely manner to avoid abnormal increases in system resistance, thereby maintaining the stable operation of the adsorption tower and extending the service life of the activated carbon.

[0120] This application further specifies the physicochemical properties of activated carbon, including the particle size of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower; the physicochemical properties of flue gas, including the density of flue gas; the operating parameters of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower, including the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower (the sum of the thicknesses of the activated carbon beds in the front, middle, and rear chambers) and the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower; and the operating parameters of flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower, including the flow rate of flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, the dynamic viscosity of flue gas, the pressure of flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, and the pressure of flue gas exiting the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0121] The activated carbon particle size refers to the geometric dimensions (average particle size) of the activated carbon particles, which can be measured using a laser particle size analyzer or sieving method. This parameter directly affects the flow resistance and pore distribution within the bed. The flue gas density refers to the mass of flue gas per unit volume, which can be calculated using temperature and pressure sensors combined with the gas law. This parameter is used to correct the relationship between inertial and viscous forces during flow. The activated carbon bed thickness refers to the distance of the activated carbon-filled area along the flue gas flow direction, which can be obtained using a level gauge or measurement. This parameter is related to the flow path length and pressure drop calculation. The activated carbon bed height refers to the vertical space dimension formed by the activated carbon accumulation, which can be obtained by converting tower structure parameters and filling amount. This parameter is used to establish the relationship between characteristic length and flow state. The flue gas velocity refers to the average velocity of the flue gas passing through the bed cross-section, which can be calculated using a flow meter combined with the tower cross-sectional area. This parameter reflects the dynamic influence of flow kinetic energy on the pore structure. The flow dynamic viscosity refers to the internal friction force generated during flue gas flow, which can be determined by flue gas component analysis combined with a temperature compensation model. This parameter is used to correct the Reynolds number and flow state. The flue gas inlet pressure and outlet pressure refer to the gas pressure values ​​at both ends of the activated carbon adsorption tower. Specifically, they can be monitored in real time using a pressure transmitter. This pressure difference data is directly used in the core equation for porosity calculation.

[0122] Specifically, by simultaneously collecting data such as activated carbon particle size, flue gas density, bed thickness (the sum of the thicknesses of the activated carbon beds in the front, middle, and rear chambers) and height, flue gas velocity, viscosity, and inlet and outlet pressures, a complete parameter system required for porosity calculation is constructed. Activated carbon particle size determines the basic distribution of interparticle voids; flue gas density and viscosity jointly affect energy loss during flow; bed thickness and height correlate with the geometric characteristics of the flow path; and flue gas velocity and pressure difference reflect the flow state under dynamic operating conditions. The coordinated detection of these parameters enables the porosity calculation equation to accurately characterize the structural changes of the activated carbon bed under actual operating conditions, avoiding calculation deviations caused by missing parameters or estimation errors.

[0123] Compared to existing technologies, current methods rely solely on activated carbon sampling to detect local porosity, neglecting the combined influence of flue gas properties and dynamic operating parameters on pore structure. This proposed solution integrates multi-dimensional detection of activated carbon properties, flue gas properties, and operating parameters, eliminating calculation errors caused by differences in sampling locations and fluctuations in operating conditions, thus achieving online real-time calculation of porosity.

[0124] This application further proposes to detect the pressure of flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower in real time as P. 入 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower in real time is used as P. 出 Substituting into Equation I, the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is obtained. 实时 .

[0125] Real-time detection refers to the continuous acquisition of pressure data of flue gas at the inlet and outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower using pressure sensors. This can be achieved using embedded pressure transmitters or distributed pressure probes, thereby eliminating the lag inherent in traditional sampling and detection. Equation I refers to a mathematical model for calculating porosity based on parameters such as pressure drop, flow rate, activated carbon particle size, and bed thickness. Specifically, this can be achieved by applying the measured pressure data... 入 and P 出 Substituting into the pressure drop formula, we can deduce ε. 实时 This establishes a dynamic correlation. Real-time porosity ε 实时 This refers to the instantaneous value of the porosity of the activated carbon bed calculated based on the current operating parameters. Specifically, it can be achieved through the linkage between the data acquisition system and the calculation module, thereby reflecting the actual state inside the bed.

[0126] Specifically, during the operation of the activated carbon adsorption tower, inlet and outlet pressure data are simultaneously collected and transmitted to the computing unit. The pressure difference is then correlated with porosity using the pressure drop formula in Equation I. Since all parameters in Equation I, except ε, are known or measurable, the current porosity can be quickly calculated through iterative calculations or numerical methods. For example, when the system detects an abnormal pressure drop, it can immediately trigger a porosity update calculation and feed the results back to the control terminal, providing a basis for subsequent operational adjustments.

[0127] In this invention, the lower porosity limit ε0 refers to the minimum critical porosity value required to maintain the normal adsorption function of the activated carbon bed. This value can be specifically set through experimental testing or engineering experience, for example, it can be a value in the range of 0.2-0.5. Its function is to provide a benchmark threshold for system operation. Real-time porosity ε 实时 This refers to real-time monitoring of the flue gas inlet pressure P. 入 With export pressure P 出 The dynamic porosity is calculated by substituting it into the pressure drop formula. Specifically, this can be achieved by using a pressure sensor and a data processing module together. Its function is to reflect the real-time changes in the degree of blockage inside the activated carbon bed.

[0128] Specifically, during the operation of the activated carbon adsorption tower, the pressure difference data between the flue gas inlet and outlet is collected in real time by a pressure sensor. Combined with parameters such as flue gas density, flow rate, bed thickness and activated carbon particle size, the real-time porosity value is iteratively solved by substituting them into the pressure drop calculation formula.

[0129] Specifically, when the porosity is detected to be below the lower limit in real time, it indicates that there may be blockage or uneven flow field distribution inside the bed. The setting range of the lower limit of porosity needs to take into account both system resistance and purification efficiency. For example, an excessively high lower limit may increase the frequency of activated carbon replacement, while an excessively low lower limit may fail to provide timely warning of blockage risk.

[0130] In this invention, the thickness of the activated carbon bed refers to the width of a fixed layer (in the direction of flue gas flow) formed by the accumulation of activated carbon particles within the adsorption tower. This thickness can be specifically monitored in real-time using a level gauge or direct measurement, and is directly determined by the structure of the activated carbon adsorption tower. This parameter directly affects the resistance distribution and adsorption efficiency as flue gas passes through the bed. The selection of the thickness range must balance adsorption efficiency and system pressure drop; too thin a layer may lead to insufficient adsorption, while too thick a layer increases pressure drop and exacerbates dust accumulation.

[0131] In some specific implementations, the thickness of the activated carbon bed can be achieved by a layered (front, middle, and rear chamber) filling method. For example, a support grid is set at the bottom of the adsorption tower, activated carbon particles are evenly distributed by a vibration device, and the filling rate is dynamically adjusted using online monitoring data.

[0132] In this invention, the height of the activated carbon bed within the activated carbon adsorption tower refers to the vertical extension distance of the activated carbon bed within the tower (perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction). This height can be determined by the internal structure of the tower or through direct measurement, and is directly determined by the structure of the activated carbon adsorption tower. A reasonable height range balances gas flow resistance and activated carbon adsorption efficiency, avoiding problems such as uneven airflow distribution due to excessively low height or excessive local pressure drop due to excessively high height. For example, in sintering flue gas treatment scenarios, an appropriate height range helps maintain a uniform distribution of activated carbon particles, reduces local accumulation of ultrafine dust, and thus improves the accuracy of porosity calculations.

[0133] The technical solution of this invention allows for precise calculation of the porosity of the activated carbon bed within the activated carbon adsorption tower, ensuring the tower's purification effect on flue gas and preventing blockage due to excessively low porosity. This, in turn, avoids the risk of overheating and ignition of the activated carbon bed caused by flue gas. Furthermore, by accurately calculating the porosity of the activated carbon bed within the tower, the invention prevents premature replacement of activated carbon even when the porosity meets adsorption requirements, thus saving operating costs, extending the activated carbon's lifespan, and ensuring stable and efficient system operation. Moreover, the precise calculation of the activated carbon bed's porosity allows for prediction of the tower's purification effect on flue gas, enabling advance adjustment of operating parameters, optimization of the adsorption process, effective reduction of operational risks, improved overall purification efficiency, and ensuring compliance with environmental emission standards. In addition, by monitoring porosity changes in real time and dynamically adjusting the activated carbon filling amount and replacement cycle, this invention further optimizes the adsorption tower's operation, ensuring high-efficiency purification even under complex operating conditions, reducing maintenance costs, and improving overall system reliability. Precise control of porosity can not only effectively avoid the risks of blockage and excessive temperature in activated carbon beds due to low porosity, but also ensure stable operation of the adsorption tower under complex conditions by optimizing the filling amount and replacement cycle, thereby reducing maintenance costs, improving the overall reliability of the system, and achieving environmental emission standards.

[0134] Meanwhile, this invention further optimizes the adsorption tower's operation by dynamically adjusting the activated carbon filling amount and replacement cycle through real-time monitoring of porosity changes. This ensures high-efficiency purification under complex operating conditions, reduces maintenance costs, and improves overall system reliability. Precise control of porosity not only effectively avoids the risks of blockage and overheating caused by excessively low porosity in the activated carbon bed, but also ensures stable operation of the adsorption tower under complex conditions by optimizing the filling amount and replacement cycle, reducing maintenance costs, improving overall system reliability, and achieving environmentally compliant emissions.

[0135] It should be noted that all formulas in this invention were obtained by the inventor based on experimental and engineering applications, and all calculations were obtained by substituting the converted values ​​into the formulas according to the prescribed units (after converting the units, only the values ​​are substituted into the formulas for calculation, not the units; the units are only used to adjust the magnitude of each parameter value to ensure the accuracy of the formulas).

[0136] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0137] 1. The present application provides a method and system for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower. By real-time detection of the physicochemical properties and operating parameters of activated carbon and flue gas, dynamic calculation of porosity and adjustment of the feed rate of each chamber, the method effectively solves the problems of inaccurate porosity monitoring and inability to precisely adjust porosity in the prior art.

[0138] 2. In this invention, by determining the changes in porosity at different locations, the removal pattern of sintered ash by activated carbon in different chambers can be indirectly demonstrated. Therefore, when the resistance increases during system operation, the feed rate of a certain bed can be increased preferentially to reduce dust accumulation in the tower. When the system experiences reduced porosity and increased bed resistance, the location where dust mainly accumulates can be treated preferentially. In this way, not only is the service life of activated carbon extended, but the operating efficiency of the system is also significantly improved, ensuring long-term stable environmental emissions that meet standards.

[0139] 3. The technical solution of the present invention has the advantages of real-time monitoring of activated carbon bed porosity, precise adjustment of feed amount in each chamber, effective maintenance of adsorption efficiency and system safety.

[0140] 4. This invention improves the accuracy of porosity calculation and ensures data reliability through mathematical model optimization, providing a scientific basis for system optimization.

[0141] 5. The technical solution of this invention implements a real-time data feedback mechanism, enabling operators to quickly respond to changes in porosity, avoid system anomalies, reduce operational risks, and ensure equipment stability.

[0142] 6. The technical solution of this invention can accurately monitor and reduce the frequency of activated carbon replacement, reduce maintenance costs, improve economic efficiency, and help achieve environmental protection goals. Attached Figure Description

[0143] Figure 1 This invention proposes an activated carbon adsorption system;

[0144] Figure 2 The present invention relates to an activated carbon adsorption system comprising multiple parallel activated carbon adsorption towers, which employs the technical solution of the present invention.

[0145] Figure label:

[0146] 1: Activated carbon adsorption tower; 2: Flue gas conveying pipeline; 3: Gas discharge pipeline; A, B, C, and D all represent independent activated carbon adsorption towers. Detailed Implementation

[0147] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0148] Example 1

[0149] A method for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower, the method comprising the following steps:

[0150] S1. Detect the physicochemical properties of activated carbon and flue gas;

[0151] S2. Activated carbon is filled into the front chamber, middle chamber and rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower respectively. The flue gas is transported to the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. After being treated by the activated carbon adsorption tower, the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0152] S3. Detect the operating parameters of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and the operating parameters of flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower;

[0153] S4. Based on the parameters detected in steps S1 and S3, obtain the porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 平均 ;

[0154] S5. Compare the porosity ε of the activated carbon bed. 平均 The lower limit of porosity ε0 of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower:

[0155] If ε 平均 If ≥ε0, continue running;

[0156] If ε 平均<ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into any one or more of the front, middle and rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower, and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0157] Example 2

[0158] Repeat Example 1, except that if ε 平均 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the front chamber, the middle chamber, and the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower in sequence, and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0159] Example 3

[0160] Repeat Example 2, except that the total feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower is set to m. 总 The amount of activated carbon fed into the pre-chamber is m. 前-0 The amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber is m 中-0 The amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber is m 后-0 ;

[0161] If ε 平均 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps:

[0162] S501, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 中-1 The feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-1 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 Where: m 前-1 >m 前-0 ;m 中-1 <m 中-0 ;m 后-1 <m 后-0 ;

[0163] If ε 实时-前 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process;

[0164] If ε 实时-前 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0165] Example 4

[0166] Repeat Example 3, except that the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is adjusted as follows:

[0167] If ε 实时-前If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps:

[0168] S502, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 中-2 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-2 The feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-2 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-中 Where: m 中-2 >m 中-0 ;m 前-2 <m 前-0 ;m 后-2 <m 后-0 ;

[0169] If ε 实时-中 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process;

[0170] If ε 实时-中 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0171] Example 5

[0172] Repeat Example 4, except that the amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is adjusted as follows:

[0173] If ε 实时-中 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps:

[0174] S503, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate constant, adjust the feed rate to m in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 后-3 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-3 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 中-3 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-后 Where: m 后-3 >m 后-0 ;m 前-3 <m 前-0 ;m 中-3 <m 后-0 ;

[0175] If ε 实时-后 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process;

[0176] If ε实时-后 If ε < 0, replace all the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0177] Example 6

[0178] Repeat Example 3, except that a is 0.2.

[0179] m 前-1 =(1+0.2)m 前-0 m 中-1 =[1-0.2·m 前-0 / (m 中-0 +m 后-0 )]m 中-0 m 后-1 =[1-0.2·m 前-0 / (m 中-0 +m 后-0 )]m 后-0 .

[0180] Example 7

[0181] Repeat Example 4, except that a is 0.2 and b is 0.4.

[0182] m 中-2 = (1 + 0.4)m 中-0 m 前-2 =[1-0.4·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )]m 前-0 m 后-2 =[1-0.4·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )]m 后-0 .

[0183] Example 8

[0184] Repeat Example 5, except that a is 0.2; b is 0.4; and c is 0.6.

[0185] m 后-3 = (1 + 0.6)m 后-0 m 前-3 =[1-0.6·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 前-0 m 中-3 =[1-0.6·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 中-0 .

[0186] Example 9

[0187] Repeat Example 6 and calculate ε 实时-前 If ε 实时-前 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-前 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the middle and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

[0188] Example 10

[0189] Repeat Example 7, if ε 实时-前 <ε 平均 Adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. After one cycle of operation, calculate ε. 实时-中 If ε 实时-中 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-中 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the front and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

[0190] Example 11

[0191] Repeat Example 8, if ε 实时-中 <ε 平均 Adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. After one cycle of operation, calculate ε. 实时-后 If ε 实时-后 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-后 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the front and / or middle chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

[0192] Example 12

[0193] Repeat Example 11, except that a=b=c=0.5, and compare the activated carbon bed adsorption rate ε after adjusting the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 After adjusting the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is achieved. 实时-中 After adjusting the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's downstream chamber, the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is achieved. 实时-后 Size:

[0194] If (ε) 实时-前 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal;

[0195] If (ε) 实时-中 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal;

[0196] If (ε) 实时-后 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal.

[0197] Example 13

[0198] Repeat Example 1, except that the porosity of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is calculated as follows:

[0199] △P=f·K·[(1-ε) 2 / ε 3 ]·(ρv 2 / 2g)·[(L b-前 +L b-中 +L b-后 +) / D p ]...Formula I;

[0200] Where: K = 9 * (0.54 + 4.9 / Re) 0.5 ) 2 Re = ρvd / μ; ΔP = P 入 -P 出 ;d=L / (L b-前 +L b-中 +L b-后 );

[0201] In the formula: ΔP is the pressure drop, Pa; K is the flue gas influence factor; ε is the porosity; ρ is the density of the flue gas, kg / m³ 3 v is the flow velocity of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 L b-前 The thickness of the activated carbon bed in the pre-adsorption tower is measured in meters (m); L b-中 L represents the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the indoor activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters (m). b-后 D represents the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the chamber following the activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters. p ρ is the particle size of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters; Re is the Reynolds number; μ is the dynamic viscosity of the flue gas, in Pa·s; d is the characteristic length; P 入 P is the pressure of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, in Pa; 出 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower is Pa; L is the height of the activated carbon bed inside the activated carbon adsorption tower, m; f is the adjustment coefficient, s. -2 The value ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.

[0202] Example 14

[0203] Example 13 is repeated, except that the physicochemical properties of the activated carbon include the particle size of the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower; the physicochemical properties of the flue gas include the density of the flue gas; the operating parameters of the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower include the thickness and height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower; and the operating parameters of the flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower include the flow rate of the flue gas when it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower, the dynamic viscosity of the flue gas, the pressure of the flue gas when it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower, and the pressure of the flue gas when it exits the activated carbon adsorption tower.

[0204] Example 15

[0205] Repeat Example 14, except that the real-time porosity is calculated as follows: the pressure of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower is detected in real time as P. 入 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower in real time is used as P. 出 Substituting into Equation I, the real-time porosity of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is calculated.

[0206] Example 16

[0207] Repeat Example 14, except that ε0 is 0.3.

[0208] Example 17

[0209] Repeat Example 14, except that ε0 is 0.28.

[0210] Example 18

[0211] Repeat Example 14, except that ε0 is 0.4.

[0212] Example 19

[0213] Repeat Example 14, except that ε0 is 0.25.

[0214] Example 20

[0215] Repeat Example 1, except that the thickness of the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 160 mm; the thickness of the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 720 mm; the thickness of the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 720 mm; and the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 24 m.

[0216] Example 21

[0217] Repeat Example 1, except that the thickness of the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 160 mm; the thickness of the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 840 mm; the thickness of the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 1000 mm; and the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 28 m.

[0218] Example 22

[0219] Repeat Example 5, except m 总 =m 前-0 +m 中-0 +m 后-0 The ratio of material feed from the front, middle, and rear chambers should be controlled at 1.2:2:1.

[0220] Example 23

[0221] like Figure 1 As shown, an activated carbon adsorption tower system includes an activated carbon adsorption tower 1, a flue gas conveying pipe 2, a gas discharge pipe 3, an activated carbon conveying system, and an activated carbon output system. The activated carbon adsorption tower 1 is equipped with a partition that divides its interior into a front chamber, a middle chamber, and a rear chamber. Each of the front, middle, and rear chambers has an independent feed control valve at its bottom. The activated carbon conveying system is connected to the activated carbon inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 1. The activated carbon output system is connected to the activated carbon outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 1. The flue gas conveying pipe 2 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 1. The gas discharge pipe 3 is connected to the gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 1. A first pressure detection device and a flue gas flow rate detection device are installed at the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 1. A second pressure detection device is installed at the gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower 1. A flue gas physicochemical property detection device is installed on the flue gas conveying pipe 2. An activated carbon physicochemical property detection device is installed on the activated carbon conveying system.

[0222] Example 24

[0223] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Example 23 is repeated, except that the system includes four activated carbon adsorption towers 1 (A, B, C and D respectively), and the four activated carbon adsorption towers 1 are arranged in parallel.

[0224] Example 25

[0225] Example 23 is repeated, except that the system includes two activated carbon adsorption towers 1, which are connected in parallel.

[0226] Example 26

[0227] Example 23 is repeated, except that the system includes 10 activated carbon adsorption towers 1, which are arranged in parallel.

[0228] Application Example 1

[0229] Experiments were conducted using activated carbon with the following particle sizes packed into an activated carbon adsorption tower:

[0230]

[0231] The operating data for flue gas and activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower are as follows: the porosity of the fresh activated carbon bed is 0.3; the density of the flue gas is 0.9 kg / m³. 3 The flow velocity of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower is 0.14 m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m / s². 2 The thickness of the activated carbon bed in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 160 mm, the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the middle chamber is 840 mm, and the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the rear chamber is 1000 mm; the average particle size of the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 0.009 μm; the dynamic viscosity of the flue gas is 0.0000237 Pa·s; the height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 26.18 m; and the adjustment coefficient α is set to 1.0 s. -2 .

[0232] Pressure sensors are installed at the flue gas inlet and outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. The pressure P is detected by the pressure sensor at the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 入 P is detected by an eye sensor at the flue gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 出 .

[0233] The relationship between bed pressure drop and bed porosity after different operating times of the activated carbon adsorption tower was calculated using Formula I, as shown in the table below. Figure 1 As shown:

[0234]

[0235] The pressure drop at different times and the porosity of activated carbon discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower at the corresponding times were detected using GB / T7701.1-2008. The detected porosity is consistent with the calculated data in the table above, indicating that the porosity monitoring and adjustment mechanism proposed in this invention is effective, verifying the practicality and accuracy of the technology of this invention. The technical solution of this invention can ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0236] Application Example 2

[0237] Repeating Example 1, according to the present invention, ε0 is set to 0.28. Initially, the total feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m... 总 =40000kg / h activated carbon pre-chamber feed rate is m 前-0 =900kg / h, the feed rate of activated carbon in the middle chamber is m 中-0 =2400kg / h, the feed rate of activated carbon in the middle chamber is m 后-0 =700kg / h.

[0238] Within 1440 hours of operation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, ε 平均 ≥ε0, maintain normal operation under current conditions.

[0239] Application Example 3

[0240] Repeating Example 2, after the activated carbon operated in the activated carbon adsorption tower for 1440 hours, ε 平均 <ε0, the total feed amount of activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 =990kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower chamber by m 中-1 =2330 kg / h and the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's rear chamber is m 后-1 =680 kg / h, after one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 =0.29.

[0241] ε 实时-前 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process.

[0242] Application Example 4

[0243] The application of Example 2 was repeated, except that after the activated carbon had been running in the activated carbon adsorption tower for 1440 hours, ε 平均 <ε0, the total feed amount of activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 =950kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's middle chamber by m 中-1 =2361 kg / h and the feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-1 =689 kg / h, after one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 =0.26.

[0244] ε 实时-前 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, specifically as follows:

[0245] Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 中-2 =2700 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower front chamber by m 前-2 =731 kg / h and the feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-2=569 kg / h. After one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-中 =0.28;

[0246] ε 实时-中 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process.

[0247] Application Example 5

[0248] The application of Example 2 was repeated, except that after the activated carbon had been running in the activated carbon adsorption tower for 1440 hours, ε 平均 <ε0, the total feed amount of activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 =950 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's middle chamber by m 中-1 =2361 kg / h and the feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-1 =689 kg / h, after one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 =0.26.

[0249] ε 实时-前 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, specifically as follows:

[0250] Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 中-2 =2500 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower front chamber by m 前-2 =844 kg / h and the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's downstream chamber is m 后-2 =656 kg / h, after one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-中 =0.25;

[0251] ε 实时-中 <ε0, adjust the activated carbon feed rate in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, specifically as follows:

[0252] Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate constant, adjust the feed rate to m in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 后-3 =1000 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower front chamber by m 前-3=818 kg / h and the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower middle chamber is m 中-3 =2182 kg / h. After one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-后 =0.29.

[0253] ε 实时-后 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process.

[0254] Application Example 5

[0255] The application of Example 2 was repeated, except that after the activated carbon had been running in the activated carbon adsorption tower for 1440 hours, ε 平均 <ε0, the total feed amount of activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 =950 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's middle chamber by m 中-1 =2361 kg / h and the feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-1 =689 kg / h, after one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 =0.26.

[0256] ε 实时-前 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, specifically as follows:

[0257] Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 中-2 =2500 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower front chamber by m 前-2 =844 kg / h and the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's downstream chamber is m 后-2 =656 kg / h, after one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, proceed to steps S1 to S4 to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-中 =0.25;

[0258] ε 实时-中 <ε0, adjust the activated carbon feed rate in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, specifically as follows:

[0259] Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate constant, adjust the feed rate to m in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 后-3=800 kg / h, proportionally reduce the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower front chamber by m 前-3 =873 kg / h and the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower middle chamber is m 中-3 =2327 kg / h. After one cycle of activated carbon circulation in the activated carbon adsorption tower, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-后 =0.27.

[0260] ε 实时-后 If ε < 0, replace all the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and repeat steps S1 to S4.

[0261] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for ensuring the safe operation of an activated carbon adsorption tower, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Detect the physicochemical properties of activated carbon and flue gas; S2. Activated carbon is filled into the front chamber, middle chamber and rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower respectively. The flue gas is transported to the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower. After being treated by the activated carbon adsorption tower, the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port of the activated carbon adsorption tower. S3. Detect the operating parameters of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and the operating parameters of flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower; S4. Based on the parameters detected in steps S1 and S3, obtain the porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 平均 ; S5. Compare the porosity ε of the activated carbon bed. 平均 The lower limit of porosity ε0 of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower: If ε 平均 If ≥ε0, continue running; If ε 平均 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into any one or more of the front, middle and rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower, and repeat steps S1 to S4.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: If ε 平均 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the front chamber, the middle chamber, and the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower in sequence, and repeat steps S1 to S4.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 总 The amount of activated carbon fed into the pre-chamber is m. 前-0 The amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber is m 中-0 The amount of activated carbon fed into the middle chamber is m 后-0 ; If ε 平均 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps: S501, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 前-1 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 中-1 The feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-1 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 ; Where: m 前-1 >m 前-0 m 中-1 <m 中-0 m 后-1 <m 后-0 ; If ε 实时-前 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process; If ε 实时-前 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the middle and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: If ε 实时-前 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps: S502, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower constant, adjust the feed rate to m. 中-2 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-2 The feed rate to the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 后-2 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-中 ; Where: m 中-2 >m 中-0 m 前-2 <m 前-0 m 后-2 <m 后-0 ; If ε 实时-中 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process; If ε 实时-中 <ε0, adjust the amount of activated carbon fed into the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: If ε 实时-中 If ε < 0, proceed with the following steps: S503, Total feed amount of activated carbon bed in activated carbon adsorption tower (m) 总 Keeping the feed rate constant, adjust the feed rate to m in the downstream chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 后-3 The feed rate to the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is reduced proportionally by m. 前-3 The feed rate to the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is m 中-3 After the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower has circulated for one cycle, steps S1 to S4 are performed to calculate the real-time porosity ε of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-后 ; Where: m 后-3 >m 后-0 m 前-3 <m 前-0 m 中-3 <m 后-0 ; If ε 实时-后 If ≥ε0, continue operating according to the adjusted process; If ε 实时-后 If ε < 0, replace all the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower and repeat steps S1 to S4.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: m 前-1 =(1+a)m 前-0 ,m 中-1 =[1-a·m 前-0 / (m 中-0 +m 后-0 )]m 中-0 ,m 后-1 =[1-a·m 前-0 / (m 中-0 +m 后-0 )]m 后-0 ; Where: a is 0.01-0.

8.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: m 中-2 =(1+b)m 中-0 ,m 前-2 =[1-b·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )]m 前-0 ,m 后-2 =[1-b·m 中-0 / (m 前-0 +m 后-0 )]m 后-0 ; Where b is 0.05-1.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: m 后-3 =(1+c)m 后-0 ,m 前-3 =[1-c·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 前-0 ,m 中-3 =[1-c·m 后-0 / (m 前-0 +m 中-0 )]m 中-0 ; Where: c is 0.1-1.

5.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: If ε 实时-前 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-前 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the middle and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal. If ε 实时-中 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-中 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the front and / or rear chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal. If ε 实时-后 ≥ε 平均 This indicates that increasing the activated carbon flow rate in the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is beneficial for dust removal; if ε 实时-后 <ε 平均 This indicates that the activated carbon flow rate in the front and / or middle chambers of the activated carbon adsorption tower affects dust removal.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Given that a=b=c, compare the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed after adjusting the feed rate in the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower. 实时-前 After adjusting the feed rate in the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower, the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is achieved. 实时-中 After adjusting the feed rate of the activated carbon adsorption tower's downstream chamber, the adsorption rate ε of the activated carbon bed is achieved. 实时-后 Size: If (ε 实时-前 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal; If (ε 实时-中 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the middle chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal; If (ε 实时-后 -ε 平均 The value of ) is the largest, indicating that the rear chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower has the greatest impact on dust removal.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that: The porosity of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is calculated as follows: △P = f·K·[(1 - ε) 2 / ε 3 ·(ρv 2 / 2g)·[(L b-前 +L b-中 +L b-后 +) / D p …… Equation I; Where: K = 9 * (0.54 + 4.9 / Re) 0.5 ) 2 Re = ρvd / μ; ΔP = P 入 -P 出 ;d=L / (L b-前 +L b-中 +L b-后 ); In the formula: ΔP is the pressure drop, Pa; K is the flue gas influence factor; ε is the porosity; ρ is the density of the flue gas, kg / m³ 3 v is the flow velocity of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 L b-前 The thickness of the activated carbon bed in the pre-adsorption tower is measured in meters (m); L b-中 L represents the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the indoor activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters (m). b-后 D represents the thickness of the activated carbon bed in the chamber following the activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters. p ρ is the particle size of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower, in meters; Re is the Reynolds number; μ is the dynamic viscosity of the flue gas, in Pa·s; d is the characteristic length; P 入 P represents the pressure of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower, in Pa. 出 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower is Pa; L is the height of the activated carbon bed inside the activated carbon adsorption tower, m; f is the adjustment coefficient, s. -2 The value ranges from 0.8 to 1.

2.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The physicochemical properties of activated carbon include the particle size of the activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower; The physical and chemical properties of flue gas include its density; The operating parameters of activated carbon in the activated carbon adsorption tower include the thickness and height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower. The operating parameters of flue gas in the activated carbon adsorption tower include the flow rate of flue gas when it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower, the dynamic viscosity of flue gas, the pressure of flue gas when it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower, and the pressure of flue gas when it exits the activated carbon adsorption tower.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: The real-time porosity is calculated by: real-time monitoring of the pressure of the flue gas entering the activated carbon adsorption tower as P. 入 The pressure of the flue gas discharged from the activated carbon adsorption tower in real time is used as P. 出 Substituting into Equation I, the real-time porosity of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is calculated.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that: ε0 is 0.2-0.5, preferably 0.22-0.45, and more preferably 0.25-0.

4.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that: The thickness of the front chamber of the activated carbon adsorption tower is 80-1000 mm; the thickness of the middle chamber is 200-1500 mm; the thickness of the rear chamber is 300-2500 mm; and / or The height of the activated carbon bed in the activated carbon adsorption tower is 15-40m, preferably 18-35m, and more preferably 20-30m.

16. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: m 总 =m 前-0 +m 中-0 +m 后-0 ;m 前-0 :m 中-0 :m 后-0 =0.8-1.5:2:0.6-1.5。 17. An activated carbon adsorption tower system for use in the method of any one of claims 1-16, the system comprising an activated carbon adsorption tower (1), a flue gas conveying pipeline (2), a gas discharge pipeline (3), an activated carbon conveying system, and an activated carbon output system; characterized in that: The activated carbon adsorption tower (1) is equipped with a partition, which divides the inner cavity of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1) into a front chamber, a middle chamber, and a rear chamber. The bottom of the front chamber, the middle chamber, and the rear chamber are each equipped with an independent feeding control valve. The activated carbon conveying system is connected to the activated carbon inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1). The activated carbon output system is connected to the activated carbon outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1). The flue gas conveying pipe (2) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1). The gas discharge pipe (3) is connected to the gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1). The flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1) is equipped with a first pressure detection device and a flue gas flow rate detection device. The gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tower (1) is equipped with a second pressure detection device. The flue gas conveying pipe (2) is equipped with a flue gas physicochemical property detection device. The activated carbon conveying system is equipped with an activated carbon physicochemical property detection device.

18. The activated carbon adsorption tower system according to claim 17, characterized in that: The system includes n activated carbon adsorption towers (1); wherein: n is 1-20, preferably 2-10, and more preferably 3-8.

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