A protection device for preventing deformation of railway slope

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of slope protection, and discloses a protection device for railway slope deformation prevention, which comprises a protection net and anchor rods arranged at four corners of the protection net, the protection net is connected with the anchor rods through connecting assemblies, four groups of anchor rod assemblies are arranged around the side wall of the anchor rod, each anchor rod assembly comprises four arc springs arranged around the side wall of the anchor rod, and a reinforcing bar corresponding to the arc springs is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the anchor rod; a screw rod is rotatably arranged in the anchor rod, four pressing plates are screwed on the screw rod from top to bottom, the bottom edge of the pressing plate is connected with the upper end of the arc spring, an internal hexagonal knob is fixedly arranged above the screw rod, a shovel plate is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the anchor rod, a synchronous shaft is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the screw rod, the synchronous shaft penetrates through the anchor rod and is connected with the shovel plate, and a vortex line guide rail is slidably arranged at the bottom of the anchor rod and connected with the shovel plate. Therefore, the present application can expand the arc springs and rotate the shovel plate to enhance the rock layer bite force, improve the anchoring stability and anti-pulling performance under complex geology, and optimize the protection effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular to a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In railway engineering construction, slope deformation prevention is a crucial aspect of ensuring the safe operation of the line. Railway slopes are constrained by complex geological structures over a long period of time. Geological defects such as faults and joints weaken the integrity of the soil and rock mass; continuous precipitation infiltration increases the self-weight of the soil and rock mass and reduces its shear strength; the periodic vibrations generated by train operation further exacerbate the loosening of the soil and rock mass; coupled with long-term natural weathering, slopes are highly susceptible to surface collapse, local landslides, and even overall instability, which not only directly threaten railway operation safety but may also lead to line interruption, damage to tracks and ancillary equipment, causing huge economic losses and adverse social impacts.

[0003] Currently, commonly used slope protection devices mostly rely on a combination of anchor bolts and protective netting. However, traditional anchor bolts often use a single steel bar or steel pipe for anchoring. Their smooth surfaces and insufficient mechanical interlocking and friction with the rock face make them prone to pull-out due to stress concentration when slope deformation generates continuous tensile forces. Especially in complex geological conditions such as fractured rock layers and weak interlayers, a single bolt cannot form a cooperative force-bearing system with the surrounding rock and soil, making anchoring stability even more difficult to guarantee. Furthermore, the design of the bottom anchoring structure has significant flaws, often being a fixed flat plate or a simple spike, unable to adaptively adjust the insertion angle according to the rock strata's orientation, and unable to penetrate deep into the rock strata to form multi-directional embedment, resulting in weak pull-out resistance. These problems combined make it difficult for the protective device to effectively restrain the slope during severe deformation, seriously affecting the overall reliability of slope protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a protective device for preventing railway slope deformation, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient interlocking force, pull-out resistance, poor stress dispersion, and weak adaptability of traditional anchor bolts. By coordinating anchor bolt components, using a shovel plate for spiral anchoring, pouring and adjusting connecting components, the interlocking force and pull-out resistance are improved, stress dispersion and environmental adaptability are optimized, so as to prevent railway slope deformation and ensure the safety of the railway line.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes, including a protective net and anchor rods set at the four corners of the protective net. The protective net is connected to the anchor rods through connecting components. Four sets of anchor rod assemblies are arranged around the side wall of the anchor rod. Each anchor rod assembly includes four arched spring pieces arranged around the side wall of the anchor rod. Reinforcing bars corresponding to the spring pieces are rotatably arranged on the side wall of the anchor rod.

[0006] The anchor rod has a rotatable lead screw inside, and four pressure plates are screwed onto the lead screw from top to bottom. The bottom edge of the pressure plate is connected to the upper end of the spring piece. An internal hexagonal knob is fixedly installed above the lead screw. A shovel plate is rotatably installed at the bottom of the anchor rod. A synchronous shaft is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the lead screw. The synchronous shaft passes through the anchor rod and is connected to the shovel plate. A vortex guide rail is provided at the bottom of the anchor rod and is slidably connected to the shovel plate.

[0007] Preferably, a positioning plate is fixedly installed on the upper side wall of the anchor rod, and the connecting assembly includes a flat plate fixedly installed on the top of the anchor rod and a connecting plate installed above the flat plate. A connecting column is rotatably installed above the connecting plate, and two lifting rings connected to the corner of the protective net are fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting column. The included angle between the lifting rings is 90 degrees.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the flat plate on both sides by positioning posts. The flat plate has positioning holes corresponding to the positioning posts. Locking bolts are provided through the connecting plate on both sides of the positioning posts, and locking nuts are tightened through the flat plate by the locking bolts.

[0009] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the plate is smaller than that of the connecting plate. Horizontal positioning shafts are provided on both side walls of the plate. An adjusting disc is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft. Several pairs of planes are formed on the outer periphery of the adjusting disc. The topmost plane is in contact with the bottom surface of the connecting plate. The distance from each plane to the center of the positioning shaft is different.

[0010] Preferably, the anchor rod is a cylindrical cavity structure with an open top, and a notch adapted to the width of the spring is provided on the side wall of the anchor rod. The bottom of the notch is fixedly connected to the lower end of the spring, and the center of curvature of the spring is located inside the anchor rod.

[0011] Preferably, the anchor bolt assembly further includes two positioning seats symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the anchor bolt, a sleeve is rotatably arranged between the positioning seats, the reinforcing bar is inserted into the sleeve, a positioning bolt is screwed onto the side wall of the sleeve, the end of the positioning bolt passes through the sleeve and presses against the side wall of the reinforcing bar, a guide sleeve is movably passed through the reinforcing bar, and the guide sleeve is slidably connected to the spring piece.

[0012] Preferably, the spring sheet has a first sliding groove corresponding to the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve has a through hole corresponding to the reinforcing bar.

[0013] Preferably, four horizontal limiting seats are fixedly arranged inside the anchor rod along the same circumference. The internal hexagonal knob is rotatably arranged on the limiting seat. A limiting rod is vertically arranged at the bottom of the limiting seat. The bottom of the limiting rod passes through the pressure plate and is connected to the bottom of the anchor rod. The limiting rod is movably connected to the pressure plate. Several material discharge ports are opened on the pressure plate.

[0014] Preferably, four synchronizing rods are evenly arranged around the synchronizing shaft, and sliders are slidably arranged on the synchronizing rods. The sliders are slidably arranged on the spiral guide rail, and a retaining plate is provided at the end of the synchronizing rod. The bottom of the slider is connected to the surface of the shovel plate through a vertical plate.

[0015] Preferably, the spade is a flat, fan-shaped structure, and the surface of the spade near the outer side is provided with a cutting edge.

[0016] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0017] (1) The present invention significantly improves the protective performance through the synergistic effect of the anchor bolt assembly; wherein, after the spring plate unfolds into a V-shape, it forms a structure similar to a reinforcing bar, which is closely attached to the steel bar and together presses against the inner wall of the hole, while the bottom shovel plate is spiraled into the rock layer with a spiral trajectory, and achieves deep anchoring with the help of the sharp cutting edge, which greatly improves the biting force and pull-out force between the anchor bolt and the rock wall, and can effectively cope with the tensile challenges brought about by slope deformation.

[0018] (2) The close cooperation between the V-shaped spring and the steel bar in this invention not only enhances the local structural strength, but also disperses the stress generated by slope deformation through multi-point support, avoiding component damage caused by stress concentration, and allowing the anchor to remain stable under complex stress environment.

[0019] (3) The application of the pouring process in this invention strengthens the overall connection rigidity. Concrete or cement mortar flows through the discharge port and fills all the gaps between the anchor rod and the rock wall. At the same time, it penetrates into the gaps where the spring sheet, steel bar and rock wall are in contact, so as to further strengthen the connection rigidity between the components. This invention combines mechanical anchoring with pouring and solidification, which can resist the tensile force generated by slope deformation for a long time and ensure that the anchor rod maintains reliable anchoring performance in complex geological environments. It provides a solid foundation support for the entire protection system and effectively ensures the long-term stability of the railway slope.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an overall view of the anchor bolt of an embodiment of the protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 4 This is an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 3 Floor plan;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an anchor bolt in an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of an anchor bolt according to an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 6 Enlarged view at point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a partial structure of an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a partial side view of an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 10 This is an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged view at point C;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a partial structure of an embodiment of a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0032] Figure Labels

[0033] 1. Protective netting; 11. Connecting plate; 111. Connecting post; 112. Lifting ring; 113. Positioning post; 114. Positioning hole; 115. Locking bolt; 116. Locking nut; 12. Anchor bolt; 121. Positioning plate; 122. Flat plate; 13. Adjusting disc; 131. Positioning shaft; 132. Plane;

[0034] 2. Spring; 21. Notch; 22. Reinforcing bar; 221. Sleeve; 222. Positioning bolt; 223. Positioning seat; 224. Guide sleeve; 225. First slide groove; 226. Through hole; 23. Pressure plate; 231. Limiting rod; 232. Limiting seat; 233. Discharge port; 24. Lead screw; 241. Hexagonal socket knob; 242. Synchronous shaft;

[0035] 3. Shovel plate; 31. Vertical plate; 311. Slider; 312. Spiral guide rail; 313. Cutting edge; 32. Synchronizing rod; 321. Clamping plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, a protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes includes a protective net 1 covering the slope and four anchor rods 12 cast into the slope. The four corners of the protective net 1 are connected to the corresponding anchor rods 12 through connecting components; this structure, through the corner connection between the protective net 1 and the anchor rods 12, can form an overall covering constraint on the slope surface, initially achieving the blocking of loose soil and rock, and laying the foundation for subsequent enhanced protection.

[0040] Four sets of anchor bolt assemblies are arranged around the four side walls of the anchor bolt 12, with evenly spaced intervals between them. Each set of anchor bolt assemblies includes four arched spring pieces 2 arranged around the side wall of the anchor bolt 12. Corresponding steel bars 22 are rotatably arranged on the side wall of the anchor bolt 12, and the steel bars 22 fit snugly against the arched spring pieces 2. Figure 6As shown, a screw rod 24 is rotatably mounted inside the anchor rod 12. An internal hexagonal knob 241 is fixed above the screw rod 24. Four pressure plates 23 are screwed onto the screw rod 24 from top to bottom, and the bottom edge of the pressure plates 23 is connected to the upper end of the spring piece 2. Rotating the screw rod 24 via the internal hexagonal knob 241 pushes the pressure plates 23 downwards, compressing the spring piece 2 and causing it to deform. This, in turn, causes the reinforcing bar 22 to swing and open. The deformed spring piece 2 forms a V-shape, which, in conjunction with the reinforcing bar 22, increases the structural strength. The close fit design of the spring piece 2 and the reinforcing bar 22, combined with the compression structure of the pressure plates 23 driven by the screw rod 24, allows for multi-directional support through synchronous deformation. The synergistic effect of the V-shaped spring piece 2 and the reinforcing bar 22 significantly improves the structural strength of the anchor rod 12 and enhances its gripping force against the rock wall.

[0041] Anchor bolt 12 has a rotatable shovel plate 3 at its bottom, and a synchronous shaft 242 is fixedly installed at the bottom of screw rod 24. The synchronous shaft 242 passes through anchor bolt 12 and connects to shovel plate 3, enabling shovel plate 3 and screw rod 24 to rotate synchronously. Shovel plate 3 is slidably connected to a vortex guide rail 312 at the bottom of anchor bolt 12, and the vortex guide rail 312 guides shovel plate 3 to insert into the rock wall. The sliding engagement between shovel plate 3 and vortex guide rail 312, combined with the synchronous rotation of screw rod 24, enables directional insertion of shovel plate 3, enhances the mechanical engagement between the bottom of anchor bolt 12 and the rock wall, and improves overall anchoring stability.

[0042] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, in the specific implementation process, a positioning plate 121 is fixedly installed on the upper side wall of the anchor rod 12. The positioning plate 121 is used to position the depth of insertion into the rock wall. The connecting component includes a flat plate 122 fixedly installed on the top of the anchor rod 12 and a connecting plate 11 installed above the flat plate 122. A connecting column 111 is rotatably installed above the connecting plate 11. Two lifting rings 112 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting column 111, which are interlocked with the corner of the protective net 1. The two lifting rings 112 are at a 90-degree angle to each other. The positioning plate 121 can ensure the accurate insertion depth of the anchor rod 12, and the two 90-degree angled lifting rings 112 can flexibly adapt to the connection requirements of the corner of the protective net 1, improving the convenience and adaptability of the installation of the protective net 1.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, the connecting plate 11 is fixedly connected to the plate 122 on both sides by positioning posts 113. The plate 122 has positioning holes 114 corresponding to the positioning posts 113. The positioning posts 113 are movably inserted into the positioning holes 114. Locking bolts 115 are installed on both sides of the positioning posts 113 on the connecting plate 11. The locking bolts 115 movably pass through the plate 122, and locking nuts 116 are screwed onto the plate 122 through the locking bolts 115. The locking nuts 116 are attached to the lower surface of the plate 122. The insertion and engagement of the positioning posts 113 and the positioning holes 114, combined with the fastening structure of the locking bolts 115 and the locking nuts 116, can quickly fix the relative position of the connecting plate 11 and the plate 122, ensuring the stability of the protective net 1 after connection.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cross-sectional area of ​​the plate 122 is smaller than that of the connecting plate 11. Positioning shafts 131 are provided on both side walls of the plate 122. An adjusting disc 13 is rotatably mounted on the positioning shafts 131. Several pairs of planes 132 are formed on the outer periphery of the adjusting disc 13. The topmost plane 132 is in contact with the bottom of the connecting plate 11. The distances of each plane 132 from the center of the positioning shafts 131 are different. The planes 132 are used to adjust the installation distance between the connecting plate 11 and the plate 122, thereby fine-tuning the relative positions of the protective net 1 and the anchor rod 12. The planes 132 at different heights on the adjusting disc 13 can flexibly adjust the height of the connecting plate 11, achieving fine-tuning of the relative positions of the protective net 1 and the anchor rod 12, ensuring that the protective net 1 can adapt to slope undulations and improving fit.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] like Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, the anchor rod 12 is a cylindrical wall structure with an open top, and a notch 21 is provided on the side wall of the anchor rod 12. The width of the notch 21 is adapted to the width of the spring piece 2, and the bottom of the notch 21 is welded to the lower end of the spring piece 2. The center of curvature of the spring piece 2 is located inside the anchor rod 12. The hollow design of the anchor rod 12 and the structure of the notch 21 provide deformation space for the spring piece 2 and facilitate the flow of subsequent pouring materials, adapting to the installation and movement requirements of the spring piece 2 and improving the rationality of the structure.

[0047] like Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the anchor bolt assembly also includes two positioning seats 223 symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the anchor bolt 12. A sleeve 221 is rotatably arranged between the positioning seats 223, and a reinforcing bar 22 is inserted into the sleeve 221. A positioning bolt 222 is screwed onto the side wall of the sleeve 221, and the end of the positioning bolt 222 passes through the sleeve 221 and presses against the side wall of the reinforcing bar 22. A guide sleeve 224 is movably inserted through the reinforcing bar 22, and the guide sleeve 224 is slidably connected to the spring piece 2. Specifically, a first groove 225 corresponding to the guide sleeve 224 is opened on the side wall of the spring piece 2, and a through hole 226 corresponding to the reinforcing bar 22 is opened on the guide sleeve 224, and the through hole 226 movably passes through the reinforcing bar 22. The cooperation between the sleeve 221 and the positioning bolt 222 can adjust the extension length of the reinforcing bar 22. The sliding of the guide sleeve 224 along the first groove 225 ensures the stability of the reinforcing bar 22's swing, improves the adaptability of the reinforcing bar 22 to holes of different diameters, and enhances the fit with the rock wall.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , 7 As shown, four horizontal limiting seats 232 are fixedly installed along the same circumference inside the anchor rod 12. The limiting seats 232 are rotatably connected to the lead screw 24, and the internal hexagonal knob 241 is rotatably installed on the limiting seats 232. A limiting rod 231 is vertically installed at the bottom of the limiting seat 232. The bottom of the limiting rod 231 passes through the pressure plate 23 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the anchor rod 12. The limiting rod 231 is movably connected to the pressure plate 23. Several discharge ports 233 are evenly opened on the pressure plate 23. The discharge ports 233 are used to guide the flow of casting materials in the anchor rod 12. The limiting rod 231 restricts the movement direction of the pressure plate 23, ensuring the stable drive of the screw 24; the discharge port 233 guides the flow of casting materials, improving casting efficiency; the hexagonal knob 241 is easy to operate. Since the bottom of the hexagonal knob 241 is fixedly connected to the top of the screw 24, and the end of the screw 24 is fixedly equipped with a synchronous shaft 242, the synchronous shaft 242 moves through the anchor rod 12. Rotating the hexagonal knob 241 drives the synchronous shaft 242 to achieve multi-component linkage, improving the overall construction convenience.

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, four synchronous rods 32 are evenly arranged around the synchronous shaft 242. A slider 311 is slidably mounted on each synchronous rod 32, and the slider 311 is slidably mounted on the spiral guide rail 312. A retaining plate 321 is provided at the end of each synchronous rod 32 to prevent the slider 311 from disengaging from the synchronous rod 32. The bottom of the slider 311 is connected to the surface of the shovel plate 3 via a vertical plate 31. The cooperation of the synchronous shaft 242, synchronous rods 32, and spiral guide rail 312 drives the slider 311 to drive the shovel plate 3 in a spiral motion. The retaining plate 321 ensures structural stability, enhances the driving force and accuracy of the shovel plate 3 inserting into the rock wall, and improves the bottom anchoring effect.

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown, the shovel plate 3 has a flat, fan-shaped structure, and a cutting edge 313 is provided on the surface of the shovel plate 3 near the outer side. The flat, fan-shaped structure of the shovel plate 3 and the design of the cutting edge 313 reduce the resistance to insertion into the rock wall, improve the spiral insertion efficiency, enhance the mechanical engagement between the bottom of the anchor rod 12 and the rock strata, and improve the pull-out resistance.

[0052] The implementation principle of the protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to the present invention is as follows:

[0053] In practice, firstly, holes larger than the diameter of the anchor rod 12 need to be pre-drilled on the rock wall of the railway slope. Then, the anchor rod 12 is slowly inserted into the hole. When the lower surface of the positioning plate 121 is in contact with the surface of the rock wall, it indicates that the anchor rod 12 has reached the preset anchoring depth, ensuring that it can be stably rooted in the slope.

[0054] Next, the operator drives the lead screw 24 to rotate by turning the internal hexagonal knob 241 on the top of the anchor rod 12. Since the lead screw 24 is screwed to the pressure plate 23 and the pressure plate 23 is limited by the limiting rod 231, the rotation of the lead screw 24 will be converted into the vertical downward movement of the pressure plate 23 along the limiting rod 231.

[0055] As the pressure plate 23 moves downward, its bottom continuously presses against the top of the spring piece 2. The spring piece 2, which was originally arched inward, gradually deforms under pressure, and its arched part opens outward and eventually forms a V shape. At the same time, because the arched surface of the spring piece 2 always stays in contact with the steel bar 22, the deformation of the spring piece 2 will synchronously push the steel bar 22 to move outward. One end of the steel bar 22 is rotated and set on the positioning seat 223 through the sleeve 221, which makes the steel bar 22 swing around the sleeve 221 and gradually open outward from the state close to the side wall of the anchor rod 12.

[0056] After the spring clip 2 is fully unfolded into a V-shape, its two sides form a structure similar to reinforcing ribs. This structure not only possesses strong bending resistance but also provides auxiliary positioning and support for the synchronously unfolding reinforcing bar 22. The inner wall of the V-shaped spring clip fits tightly against the surface of the reinforcing bar 22, limiting its displacement under stress and forming an interlocking structure. Together, they press against the inner wall of the hole. Through the synergistic action of multiple sets of spring clips 2 and reinforcing bars 22, multi-point rigid support is formed between the anchor rod 12 and the rock wall, significantly increasing the friction and interlocking force, and substantially enhancing the anchoring strength of the anchor rod 12. The reinforcing bar 22 can slide within the sleeve 221 to adjust its extension length and is locked in place by the positioning bolt 222, adapting to holes of different diameters and further ensuring a tight fit with the rock wall.

[0057] As the lead screw 24 rotates, its bottom synchronous shaft 242 drives the synchronous rod 32 to rotate synchronously. The slider 311 on the synchronous rod 32 slides along the vortex guide rail 312 at the bottom of the anchor rod 12 as it rotates, causing the slider 311 to rotate radially outwards. This displacement, via the vertical plate 31, drives the shovel plate 3 to move synchronously. Because the shovel plate 3 has a flat, fan-shaped structure and sharp cutting edges 313 on its outer edge, guided by the vortex guide rail 312, the shovel plate 3 gradually spirals into the rock wall at the bottom of the anchor rod 12 in a spiral trajectory. Through mechanical engagement with the rock strata, the anchoring effect at the bottom of the anchor rod 12 is further strengthened, effectively preventing the anchor rod 12 from being pulled upwards due to the tensile force generated by slope deformation.

[0058] After the spring clip 2, reinforcing bar 22, and shovel plate 3 of anchor rod 12 are all adjusted into place and mechanical anchoring is completed, a pouring operation is required to further strengthen the anchoring effect. Since anchor rod 12 is a cylindrical hollow structure with an open top, and a discharge port 233 is provided on the pressure plate 23, operators can inject concrete or cement mortar into the anchor rod 12 through the top. The pouring material flows along the internal cavity of anchor rod 12, enters the gap between anchor rod 12 and the rock wall hole through the discharge port 233, and simultaneously penetrates through the notch 21 connecting the spring clip 2 and the side wall of anchor rod 12 into the gaps where the spring clip 2, reinforcing bar 22, and rock wall contact. With the continuous injection of pouring material, it fills all the gaps in the hole, tightly wrapping anchor rod 12, spring clip 2, reinforcing bar 22, shovel plate 3, and rock wall into a unified whole. After the pouring material solidifies, the resulting hardened concrete not only enhances the connection rigidity between the components but also makes the anchoring effect of anchor rod 12 more durable and reliable.

[0059] After the anchor bolts 12 are installed and fixed, the protective netting 1 is laid flat to cover the slope surface, making it completely conform to the terrain of the slope. Then, the four corners of the protective netting 1 are connected to the lifting rings 112 at the top of the corresponding anchor bolts 12. Since the surface of the railway slope is not completely flat, there may be slight undulations, depressions or protrusions. The protective netting 1 needs to be fully in contact with the slope surface to effectively restrain the soil and rock. The distance from the plane 132 on the adjusting plate 13 to the positioning shaft 131 is different (i.e., the height of each plane 132 is different). When the adjusting plate 13 is rotated so that the planes 132 of different heights support the bottom of the connecting plate 11, the height of the connecting plate 11, the lifting rings 112 and the corners of the protective netting 1 connected to them will be directly changed. For example, if there is a protrusion on the slope, a higher plane 132 can be selected so that the corner of the protective net 1 at the corresponding position moves up with the connecting plate 11, thus preventing the protective net 1 from being lifted up by the protrusion and becoming suspended; if there is a depression, a lower plane 132 can be selected so that the corner of the protective net 1 moves down with the connecting plate 11, allowing the protective net 1 to hang down naturally and fit the depression, thereby ensuring that the entire protective net 1 is completely adapted to the slope terrain, without wrinkles or gaps.

[0060] When the entire device is in operation, the protective net 1 effectively restrains the loosening and slippage of the surface soil and rock by covering a large area of ​​the slope. The anchor rod 12, through the multi-point support of the spring plate 2, the steel bar 22 and the inner wall of the hole, the solidification connection of the cast-in-place body, and the spiral anchoring of the shovel plate 3 in the bottom rock layer, forms a three-dimensional and stable anchoring structure of "upper, middle and lower", providing continuous and stable tensile support for the protective net 1. When the slope undergoes minor deformation, the protective net 1 can buffer some of the stress through its own toughness. At the same time, the anchor rod assembly can offset some of the tensile force through the elastic deformation of the spring plate 2 and the rigid support of the steel bar 22, ensuring that the entire protection system will not fail due to excessive local stress, thus effectively preventing deformation and instability of the railway slope in the long term.

[0061] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned protective device for preventing and controlling railway slope deformation. Through multi-dimensional structural optimization and synergistic effect, it achieves a comprehensive improvement in anchoring performance. It can effectively cope with the complex stress generated by slope deformation and flexibly adapt to different slope environments, significantly enhancing the stability and durability of railway slope protection and providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of railway lines.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes, comprising a protective net and anchor bolts installed at the four corners of the protective net, characterized in that: The protective net is connected to the anchor rod through a connecting component. Four sets of anchor rod assemblies are arranged around the side wall of the anchor rod. Each anchor rod assembly includes four arched spring pieces arranged around the side wall of the anchor rod. Reinforcing bars corresponding to the spring pieces are rotatably arranged on the side wall of the anchor rod. The anchor rod has a rotatable screw rod inside, and four pressure plates are screwed onto the screw rod from top to bottom. The bottom edge of the pressure plate is connected to the upper end of the spring piece. An internal hexagonal knob is fixedly installed above the screw rod. A shovel plate is rotatably installed at the bottom of the anchor rod. A synchronous shaft is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the screw rod. The synchronous shaft passes through the anchor rod and is connected to the shovel plate. A vortex guide rail is provided at the bottom of the anchor rod and is slidably connected to the shovel plate. The anchor bolt assembly also includes two positioning seats symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the anchor bolt. A sleeve is rotatably arranged between the positioning seats. The reinforcing bar is inserted into the sleeve. A positioning bolt is screwed onto the side wall of the sleeve. The end of the positioning bolt passes through the sleeve and presses against the side wall of the reinforcing bar. A guide sleeve movably passes through the reinforcing bar. The guide sleeve is slidably connected to the spring piece. Four synchronizing rods are evenly arranged around the synchronizing shaft. A slider is slidably mounted on the synchronizing rod. The slider is slidably mounted on the spiral guide rail. A retaining plate is provided at the end of the synchronizing rod. The bottom of the slider is connected to the surface of the shovel plate through a vertical plate.

2. The protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning plate is fixedly installed on the upper side wall of the anchor rod. The connecting assembly includes a flat plate fixedly installed on the top of the anchor rod and a connecting plate installed above the flat plate. A connecting column is rotatably installed above the connecting plate. Two lifting rings connected to the corner of the protective net are fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting column. The included angle between the lifting rings is 90 degrees.

3. The protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the flat plate on both sides by positioning posts. The flat plate has positioning holes corresponding to the positioning posts. Locking bolts are installed on both sides of the positioning posts on the connecting plate, and locking nuts are tightened through the flat plate by the locking bolts.

4. The protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the plate is smaller than that of the connecting plate. Horizontal positioning shafts are provided on both side walls of the plate. An adjustment disk is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft. Several pairs of planes are opened on the outer periphery of the adjustment disk. The topmost plane is in contact with the bottom surface of the connecting plate. The distance from each plane to the center of the positioning shaft is different.

5. A protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod is a cylindrical cavity structure with an open top. A notch adapted to the width of the spring piece is provided on the side wall of the anchor rod. The bottom of the notch is fixedly connected to the lower end of the spring piece. The center of curvature of the spring piece is located inside the anchor rod.

6. The protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring sheet has a first sliding groove corresponding to the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve has a through hole corresponding to the reinforcing bar.

7. A protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four horizontal limiting seats are fixedly installed inside the anchor rod along the same circumference. The hexagonal knob is rotatably mounted on the limiting seat. A limiting rod is vertically installed at the bottom of the limiting seat. The bottom of the limiting rod passes through the pressure plate and is connected to the bottom of the anchor rod. The limiting rod is movably connected to the pressure plate. Several discharge ports are opened on the pressure plate.

8. A protective device for preventing deformation of railway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shovel has a flat, fan-shaped structure, and a cutting edge is provided on the surface of the shovel near the outer side.

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