Supporting structure for stoping of stope under weak rock condition and construction method

Abstract

The supporting structure comprises a weak rock layer, a supporting part is arranged in the weak rock layer and comprises an outer-layer frame and an inner-layer frame, a connecting plate is fixedly installed between the outer-layer frame and the inner-layer frame, inserting pieces are arranged on the lower side of the outer-layer frame and the lower side of the inner-layer frame, and the inserting pieces are fixedly connected with the connecting plate. The invention relates to the technical field of stope supporting, and has the beneficial effects that a stable supporting system is formed through the combination of the outer layer frame, the inner layer frame and the first supporting piles, the deformation quantity of a weak rock stratum is effectively controlled, the overall strength and stability of the supporting structure are improved, and the supporting structure is simple in structure and convenient to use. And the transmission screw, the lifting rod and other components are arranged in the anchor rod body, the transmission screw is rotated to push the strip-shaped insertion block to stretch out and descend, the insertion area of the anchor rod and the weak rock stratum is increased, the stability of the anchor rod in the weak rock stratum is improved, and then the supporting effect is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stope support technology, specifically to the support structure and construction method for stope mining under weak rock conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Soft rock refers to rock with low mechanical strength, which is easily softened when exposed to water and is prone to compressive deformation under external loads. In current technology, when changes occur inside the weak surrounding rock, the support effect of the anchor bolts will be greatly reduced, and in severe cases, the support effect will be lost. This will greatly weaken the stability of the entire tunnel support structure. Furthermore, when changes occur in some parts of the weak surrounding rock, timely feedback cannot be provided, which can easily lead to large-scale changes in the weak surrounding rock. Based on the above problems, there may already be technical means in the current technology to solve the above technical solutions. This case aims to provide an alternative or replacement technical means. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a support structure for mining in weak rock conditions, comprising a weak rock stratum, wherein a support unit is provided inside the weak rock stratum, the support unit comprising an outer frame and an inner frame, a connecting plate fixedly installed between the outer frame and the inner frame, insert plates provided on the lower side of both the outer frame and the inner frame, and first support piles inserted into the lower side of both the outer frame and the inner frame, through holes evenly provided on the outer frame, the inner frame and the first support piles, sleeves provided inside the through holes, and anchor bolts inserted into the sleeves, and a connecting part connected to one side of the support unit; The anchor bolt includes an anchor bolt body, a tapered head on the upper side of the anchor bolt body, a fixing plate on the lower side of the anchor bolt body, a horizontal plate inside the anchor bolt body, a transmission screw rotatably connected to the lower side of the horizontal plate, a transmission ring threadedly connected to the transmission screw, guide blocks on both sides of the lower side of the horizontal plate, the transmission ring slidably connected to the guide blocks on both sides, a lifting rod inside the anchor bolt body, a first transmission block evenly distributed on the lifting rod, and the lower side of the lifting rod connected to the upper side of the transmission ring through a connecting plate; The lower side of the transmission screw extends from the lower side of the anchor rod body, and a limit assembly is provided on the lower side of the transmission screw; The anchor bolt body has openings evenly distributed on both sides, and a U-shaped frame is provided inside each opening. A fixing block is provided on both sides of the U-shaped frame, and a second transmission block is provided inside the U-shaped frame. A pair of corresponding limiting plates are provided on one side of the second transmission block, and a strip-shaped insert is connected to the limiting plate. An L-shaped groove is provided on both sides of the second transmission block, and the fixing block is slidably connected to the L-shaped groove. The width of the strip-shaped insert is smaller than the width of the second transmission block, and an L-shaped frame is provided on the upper side of the first transmission block.

[0004] In the above scheme: the limiting component includes a disc-shaped block disposed on the lower side of the transmission screw, the disc-shaped block having an annular groove, the annular groove having protrusions evenly distributed inside, the fixing plate having bearing plates on both sides, and the bearing plates having fastening bolts threadedly connected to them.

[0005] In the above scheme: the connecting component includes an arc-shaped top, a second support pile is welded to the lower side of the arc-shaped top, the arc-shaped top matches the outer frame, arc-shaped blocks are provided on both the front and rear sides of the outer frame, and arc-shaped grooves matching the arc-shaped blocks are provided on both the front and rear sides of the arc-shaped top; The first support pile located on the lower side of the outer frame has strip blocks on both the front and rear sides. The second support pile has strip grooves on both the front and rear sides that match the strip blocks. A bearing plate is provided on the inner side of the arc-shaped top. Reinforcing plates are evenly arranged between the bearing plate and the arc-shaped top.

[0006] In the above scheme: a first hexagonal prism is provided on the upper side inside the anchor rod body, and the upper side of the lifting rod is inserted into the first hexagonal prism.

[0007] In the above scheme: a second hexagonal prism is provided on the lower side of the transmission screw, and an arc-shaped limiting ring is provided on the lower side of the guide block.

[0008] In the above scheme: the L-shaped frame has a notch on the upper side, the strip-shaped insert is tilted as a whole with an tilt angle greater than or equal to 15 degrees, and the position of the notch matches the strip-shaped insert.

[0009] In the above scheme: a displacement sensor is provided between the outer shelf and the inner shelf, and an audible and visual alarm electrically connected to the displacement sensor is provided on the inner side of the outer shelf and the inner shelf.

[0010] In the above scheme: both the strip groove and the arc groove are threaded with connecting bolts, and the arc block and the strip block are provided with threaded holes corresponding to the connecting bolts.

[0011] In the above scheme: the insert plate is also provided with a through hole, and the through hole on the insert plate corresponds to the position of the through hole on the upper side of the first support pile.

[0012] This technical solution also discloses a method for constructing a support structure for stope mining under weak rock conditions, applicable to the support structure of stope mining under the aforementioned weak rock conditions, including the following steps: Step S1: Conduct a detailed survey of the stope under weak rock conditions to determine the distribution range, lithological characteristics, geological structure, etc. of the weak rock layer, so as to provide an accurate basis for the design and construction of the support. Based on the survey results and the requirements of the stope mining, design the specific parameters of the support, including the size and shape of the outer and inner support, the number and distribution of the first support piles, the specifications and layout of the anchor bolts, etc. Step S2: Prepare the materials and equipment required for construction, such as outer frame, inner frame, connecting plate, insert, first support pile, sleeve, anchor bolt parts, connecting assembly, displacement sensor, audible and visual alarm, connecting bolts, etc., as well as drilling equipment, lifting equipment, welding equipment, etc. Step S3: At the determined location in the weak rock layer, the outer frame, inner frame, and first support pile are hoisted to the designated location using lifting equipment. Their horizontal and vertical alignment is adjusted, and the above components are assembled. Welding is used to increase the tightness of the connection between the components. At the same time, the sleeve is fixed between the outer frame, inner frame, and first support pile, so that the above components form a whole. In order to ensure installation stability, multiple sets of anchor bolts are inserted through the through holes and inserted into the weak rock layer to increase the reinforcement effect. Step S4: Install connecting parts interspersed among multiple sets of support parts. After the connecting parts are connected to the support parts, the connecting parts and the support parts become a whole, which can ensure a high-strength support effect. Compared with the support parts, the connecting parts have a relatively simple structure and a low overall cost. While ensuring the overall support performance, the overall cost can be reduced. Step S5: After the above steps are completed, rotate the transmission screw inside the anchor bolt body. In conjunction with the transmission ring, lifting rod, first transmission block and other components, the strip-shaped insert can be pushed out from inside the anchor bolt body. As the transmission screw rotates, the strip-shaped insert can also be driven down. The strip-shaped insert further inserts into the weak rock layer, increasing the insertion area between the anchor bolt body and the weak rock layer, thereby increasing the support effect of the support section. Step S6: Install displacement sensors between the outer and inner shelves to monitor the displacement changes of the support structure in real time. Install audible and visual alarms electrically connected to the displacement sensors on the inner side of the outer and inner shelves. When the displacement sensors detect that the displacement exceeds the set value, the audible and visual alarms will sound an alarm to remind the staff to take timely measures. Step S7: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the installed support structure, checking whether each component is firmly installed, accurately positioned, and tightly connected, etc. Organize construction records and related data, and conduct project acceptance. Only after the acceptance is qualified can the mining operation be carried out.

[0013] This invention provides a support structure and construction method for stope mining under weak rock conditions, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. By combining the outer frame, inner frame and first support pile, a stable support system is formed, which effectively controls the deformation of weak rock layer, improves the overall strength and stability of support structure, and sets up components such as transmission screw and lifting rod inside the anchor body. Rotating the transmission screw can push the strip-shaped insert block to extend and descend, increase the insertion area between the anchor and the weak rock layer, improve the stability of the anchor in the weak rock layer, and thus enhance the support effect. 2. The modular construction method allows for the prefabrication of components and on-site assembly, reducing construction time and improving efficiency. By interspersing and installing connecting parts between multiple support sections, the overall cost is reduced and the economic benefits of the project are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the seventh three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ninth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tenth part of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 12 In this invention Figure 11 Enlarged diagram of point B in the middle.

[0026] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the twelfth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the thirteenth three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Weak rock layer; 2. Outer frame; 3. Inner frame; 4. Connecting plate; 5. Insert plate; 6. First support pile; 7. Sleeve; 8. Anchor bolt body; 9. Conical head; 10. Fixing plate; 11. Horizontal plate; 12. Transmission screw; 13. Transmission ring; 14. Guide block; 15. Lifting rod; 16. First transmission block; 17. Connecting plate; 18. Rectangular frame; 19. Fixing block; 20. Second transmission block; 21. Limiting plate; 22. 23. Strip-shaped insert, 24. L-shaped groove, 25. L-shaped frame, 26. Disc-shaped block, 27. Protrusion, 28. Bearing plate, 29. Fastening bolt, 30. Arc-shaped top, 31. Second support pile, 32. Arc-shaped block, 33. Arc-shaped groove, 34. Strip-shaped block, 35. Strip-shaped groove, 36. Bearing plate, 37. Reinforcing plate, 38. First hexagonal prism, 39. Second hexagonal prism, 40. Displacement sensor, 41. Audible and visual alarm, 42. Connecting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Example

[0030] Please see Figure 1-14 The support structure for mining in weak rock conditions includes a weak rock layer 1, a support unit is provided inside the weak rock layer 1, the support unit includes an outer frame 2 and an inner frame 3, a connecting plate 4 is fixedly installed between the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3, inserts 5 are provided on the lower side of the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3, and first support piles 6 are inserted into the lower side of the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3, through holes are evenly opened on the outer frame 2, the inner frame 3 and the first support piles 6, sleeves 7 are provided inside the through holes, and anchor bolts are inserted into the sleeves 7, and a connecting part is connected to one side of the support unit; The anchor bolt part includes an anchor bolt body 8, a conical head 9 is provided on the upper side of the anchor bolt body 8, a fixing plate 10 is provided on the lower side of the anchor bolt body 8, a horizontal plate 11 is provided inside the anchor bolt body 8, a transmission screw 12 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the horizontal plate 11, a transmission ring 13 is threadedly connected to the transmission screw 12, guide blocks 14 are provided on both sides of the lower side of the horizontal plate 11, the two sides of the transmission ring 13 are slidably connected to the guide blocks 14, a lifting rod 15 is provided inside the anchor bolt body 8, a first transmission block 16 is evenly provided on the lifting rod 15, and the lower side of the lifting rod 15 is connected to the upper side of the transmission ring 13 through a connecting piece 17; The lower side of the transmission screw 12 extends from the lower side of the anchor body 8, and a limit component is provided on the lower side of the transmission screw 12; The anchor bolt body 8 has openings evenly distributed on both sides. A spiral frame 18 is installed inside the opening. Fixing blocks 19 are installed on both sides of the spiral frame 18. A second transmission block 20 is installed inside the spiral frame 18. A pair of corresponding limiting pieces 21 are installed on one side of the second transmission block 20. The limiting pieces 21 are connected to strip-shaped inserts 22. L-shaped grooves 23 are installed on both sides of the second transmission block 20. The fixing blocks 19 are slidably connected to the L-shaped grooves 23. The width of the strip-shaped inserts 22 is smaller than the width of the second transmission block 20. An L-shaped frame 24 is installed on the upper side of the first transmission block 16. The limiting component includes a disc-shaped block 25 disposed on the lower side of the transmission screw 12. An annular groove is provided on the disc-shaped block 25, and protrusions 26 are evenly arranged inside the annular groove. Bearing plates 27 are provided on both sides of the fixing plate 10, and fastening bolts 28 are threadedly connected to the bearing plates 27. The connecting component includes an arc-shaped top 29, a second support pile 30 welded to the lower side of the arc-shaped top 29, the arc-shaped top 29 matching the outer frame 2, arc-shaped blocks 31 provided on both the front and rear sides of the outer frame 2, and arc-shaped grooves 32 matching the arc-shaped blocks 31 provided on both the front and rear sides of the arc-shaped top 29. The first support pile 6 located on the lower side of the outer frame 2 is provided with strip blocks 33 on both the front and rear sides. The second support pile 30 is provided with strip grooves 34 matching the strip blocks 33 on both the front and rear sides. The inner side of the arc top 29 is provided with a bearing plate 35. The bearing plate 35 and the arc top 29 are evenly provided with reinforcing plates 36. It should be noted that when carrying out mining operations in weak rock conditions, since the weak rock layer 1 is mostly layered or fragmented with weak interlayer bonding, it is necessary to set up a support structure at the mining face to control the deformation of the weak rock layer 1 and ensure the safety of mining operations. Before construction, operators need to conduct a detailed survey of the mining area under weak rock conditions to determine the distribution range, lithological characteristics, geological structure, etc. of the weak rock layer 1, so as to provide an accurate basis for the design and construction of the support. Based on the survey results and the mining requirements of the mining area, the specific parameters of the support are designed, including the size and shape of the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3, the number and distribution of the first support pile 6, the specifications and arrangement of the anchor bolts, etc. Subsequently, materials such as the outer frame 2, inner frame 3, connecting plate 4, insert 5, first support pile 6, sleeve 7, anchor bolt components, connecting assembly, displacement sensor 39, audible and visual alarm 40, and connecting bolt 41 are sent into the construction surface. The outer frame 2, inner frame 3, sleeve 7, and first support pile 6 are then assembled by insertion. After insertion, a welding device is used to reinforce the assembly. At this point, the outer frame 2, inner frame 3, sleeve 7, and first support pile 6 become a whole. Then, the displacement sensor 39 is installed between the inner frame 3 and the outer frame 2, and the audible and visual alarm 40 is installed. The connecting plate 4 is then welded between the inner frame 3 and the outer frame 2 to increase the overall strength. The sleeve 7, in conjunction with the insert 5 and the through hole, can also increase the strength of the insertion of the outer frame 2 and inner frame 3 with the first support pile 6. The operator can then insert the anchor bolt body 8 through the sleeve 7 into the weak rock layer 1. The conical head 9 is used to reduce the resistance of the anchor bolt body 8 when inserting into the weak rock layer 1 and to increase the support strength of the above-mentioned support. After the insertion is completed, the operator can connect the drive device to the second hexagonal prism 38 and drive the transmission screw 12 to rotate, which in turn can drive the transmission ring 13 to move vertically and drive the lifting rod 15 to move vertically downward through the connecting piece 17. The upper side of the anchor bolt body 8 is provided with a first hexagonal prism 37. The upper side of the lifting rod 15 is inserted into the first hexagonal prism 37, which can increase the stability of the lifting rod 15 during movement. During the descent of the lifting rod 15, the first transmission block 16 can be driven to descend. The horizontal plate 11 is used to increase the stability of the transmission screw 12. The distance between the pair of connecting pieces 17 is greater than the longitudinal width of the horizontal plate 11. Therefore, there is no movement interference between the lifting rod 15 and the horizontal plate 11. The first transmission block 16 and the second transmission block 20 have the same shape, with an inclined surface and a flat surface on one side respectively. When the lifting rod 15 drives the first transmission block 16 to descend, the first transmission block 16 will contact the inclined surface of the second transmission block 20. As the descent continues, the first transmission block 16 will push the second transmission block 20 to extend out of the inside of the return frame 18, thereby driving the strip-shaped insert 22 to be inserted into the weak rock layer 1 around the anchor body 8. At this time, the fixing block 19 will slide inside the L-shaped groove 23, which can ensure the stability of the second transmission block 20. The transmission screw 12 continues to rotate, causing the lifting rod 15 to continue to descend, bringing the first transmission block 16 into contact with the plane of the second transmission block 20, and the L-shaped frame 24 into contact with the upper surface of the second transmission block 20. The L-shaped frame 24 has a notch on its upper side, and the strip-shaped insert 22 is tilted as a whole with an inclination angle greater than or equal to 15 degrees. The notch position matches the strip-shaped insert 22, which can drive the second transmission block 20 and the strip-shaped insert 22 to descend, allowing the strip-shaped insert 22 to be further inserted into the weak rock layer 1, increasing the contact area between the strip-shaped insert 22 and the weak rock layer 1. The fixing block 19 will slide to the upper side of the L-shaped groove 23, and the strip-shaped block 33 is tilted, which can increase the resistance and force-bearing surface between the anchor body 8 and the weak rock layer 1, thereby improving the stability of the anchor body 8 inside the weak rock layer 1. An arc-shaped limiting ring is provided on the lower side of the guide block 14, which can limit the position of the transmission ring 13. After the anchor bolt is fixed, the operator can rotate the fastening bolt 28 on the bearing plate 27 so that one side of the fastening bolt 28 is inserted into the disc block 25 and is in close contact with the inner wall of the annular groove. The protrusion 26 inside the annular groove is a rubber strip, which can increase the friction between the fastening bolt 28 and the disc block, thereby locking the transmission screw 12 and preventing the transmission screw 12 from loosening due to external force. At this time, the assembly of the anchor bolt body 8 is completed. Then, the operator uses welding equipment to weld the fixing plate 10 to the inner wall of the inner frame 3 to further increase the connection strength between the anchor bolt body 8 and the support. After the support section and anchor bolt section are assembled, the operator can weld the arc-shaped top 29 to the second support pile 30. Then, the connection section is connected to the support section by using the arc-shaped block 31, strip block 33, arc-shaped groove 32, strip groove 34 and connecting bolt 41. The arc-shaped top 29 is equipped with a bearing plate 35 and a reinforcing plate 36, which have good support strength. After the arc-shaped top 29 is connected to the outer frame 2, the pressure received by the arc-shaped top 29 will be distributed to the support section with the outer frame 2 as the main body, thereby ensuring the support strength of the entire support structure. Compared to the combination of the support section and the anchor bolt section, the connection section has a simpler overall structure. During the construction of the support structure, the connection section can be installed between the support sections, which can reduce the overall cost while ensuring the overall support performance.

[0031] A displacement sensor 39 is installed between the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3. An audible and visual alarm 40, which is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 39, is installed on the inner side of the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3. When a large change occurs in the internal structure of the weak rock layer 1, the outer frame 2 will deform. The displacement sensor 39 can detect the degree of deformation. When the deformation reaches a preset value, the audible and visual alarm 40 can be activated to warn the construction personnel.

[0032] This technical solution also discloses a method for constructing a support structure for stope mining under weak rock conditions, applicable to the support structure of stope mining under weak rock conditions, including the following steps: Step S1: Conduct a detailed survey of the stope under weak rock conditions to determine the distribution range, lithological characteristics, geological structure, etc. of the weak rock layer 1, so as to provide an accurate basis for the design and construction of the support. Based on the survey results and the requirements of the stope mining, design the specific parameters of the support, including the size and shape of the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3, the number and distribution of the first support piles 6, the specifications and arrangement of the anchor bolts, etc. Step S2: Prepare the materials and equipment required for construction, such as outer frame 2, inner frame 3, connecting plate 4, insert 5, first support pile 6, sleeve 7, anchor bolt parts, connecting assembly, displacement sensor 39, audible and visual alarm 40, connecting bolt 41, etc., as well as drilling equipment, lifting equipment, welding equipment, etc. Step S3: At the determined location of the weak rock layer 1, the outer frame 2, inner frame 3, and first support pile 6 are hoisted to the designated location using lifting equipment. Their horizontal and vertical alignment is adjusted, and the above components are assembled. The tightness of the connection between the above components is increased by welding. At the same time, the sleeve 7 is fixed between the outer frame 2, inner frame 3, and first support pile 6, so that the above components form a whole. In order to ensure the stability of the installation, multiple sets of anchor bolts are inserted through the through holes and inserted into the weak rock layer 1 to increase the reinforcement effect. Step S4: Install connecting parts interspersed between multiple sets of support parts. After the connecting parts are connected to the support parts, the connecting parts and the support parts become a whole, which can ensure a high-strength support effect. Compared with the support parts, the connecting parts have a relatively simple structure and a low overall cost. While ensuring the overall support performance, the overall cost can be reduced. Step S5: After the above steps are completed, rotate the transmission screw 12 inside the anchor bolt body 8. In conjunction with the transmission ring 13, lifting rod 15, first transmission block 16 and other components, the strip-shaped insert 22 can be pushed out from inside the anchor bolt body 8. As the transmission screw 12 rotates, the strip-shaped insert 22 can also be driven down. The strip-shaped insert 22 further inserts into the weak rock layer 1, increasing the insertion area between the anchor bolt body 8 and the weak rock layer 1, thereby increasing the support effect of the support section. Step S6: Install a displacement sensor 39 between the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3 to monitor the displacement changes of the support structure in real time. Install an audible and visual alarm 40 that is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 39 on the inner side of the outer frame 2 and the inner frame 3. When the displacement sensor 39 detects that the displacement exceeds the set value, the audible and visual alarm 40 will sound an alarm to remind the staff to take timely measures. Step S7: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the installed support structure, checking whether the installation of each component is firm, whether the position is accurate, and whether the connection is tight, etc. Organize the construction records and related data, conduct project acceptance, and only after the acceptance is qualified can the mining operation be carried out. In summary, the method for constructing the support structure for mining under weak rock conditions, through the combination of the outer frame 2, the inner frame 3, and the first support pile 6, forms a stable support system, effectively controlling the deformation of the weak rock layer 1, improving the overall strength and stability of the support structure. Furthermore, the method incorporates components such as the transmission screw 12 and the lifting rod 15 within the anchor bolt body 8. Rotating the transmission screw 12 pushes the strip-shaped insert 22 to extend and descend, increasing the insertion area between the anchor bolt and the weak rock layer 1, improving the stability of the anchor bolt in the weak rock layer 1, and thus enhancing the support effect. The modular construction method for the outer frame 2, the inner frame 3, and the first support pile 6 allows for prefabrication and on-site assembly of each component, reducing construction time and improving construction efficiency. By interlacing connecting parts between multiple support sections, the overall cost is reduced, and the economic benefits of the project are improved.

[0033] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A support structure for stoping under weak rock conditions, including a weak rock stratum (1), characterized in that, The weak rock layer (1) is provided with a support section, which includes an outer frame (2) and an inner frame (3). A connecting plate (4) is fixedly installed between the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3). Inserts (5) are provided on the lower side of the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3). First support piles (6) are inserted on the lower side of the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3). Through holes are evenly opened on the outer frame (2), the inner frame (3) and the first support piles (6). A sleeve (7) is provided inside the through hole. An anchor rod is inserted inside the sleeve (7). A connecting part is connected to one side of the support section. The anchor bolt part includes an anchor bolt body (8), a tapered head (9) is provided on the upper side of the anchor bolt body (8), a fixing plate (10) is provided on the lower side of the anchor bolt body (8), a horizontal plate (11) is provided inside the anchor bolt body (8), a transmission screw (12) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the horizontal plate (11), a transmission ring (13) is threadedly connected to the transmission screw (12), guide blocks (14) are provided on both sides of the lower side of the horizontal plate (11), the two sides of the transmission ring (13) are slidably connected to the guide blocks (14), a lifting rod (15) is provided inside the anchor bolt body (8), a first transmission block (16) is evenly provided on the lifting rod (15), and the lower side of the lifting rod (15) is connected to the upper side of the transmission ring (13) through a connecting piece (17); The lower side of the transmission screw (12) extends from the lower side of the anchor body (8), and a limit assembly is provided on the lower side of the transmission screw (12); The anchor body (8) has openings evenly distributed on both sides. A spiral frame (18) is provided inside the opening. Fixing blocks (19) are provided on both sides of the spiral frame (18). A second transmission block (20) is provided inside the spiral frame (18). A pair of corresponding limiting pieces (21) are provided on one side of the second transmission block (20). A strip-shaped insert (22) is connected to the limiting piece (21). An L-shaped groove (23) is provided on both sides of the second transmission block (20). The fixing block (19) is slidably connected to the L-shaped groove (23). The width of the strip-shaped insert (22) is smaller than the width of the second transmission block (20). An L-shaped frame (24) is provided on the upper side of the first transmission block (16).

2. The support structure for stope recovery under weak rock conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting component includes a disc-shaped block (25) disposed on the lower side of the transmission screw (12). An annular groove is provided on the disc-shaped block (25), and protrusions (26) are uniformly arranged inside the annular groove. Bearing plates (27) are provided on both sides of the fixing plate (10), and fastening bolts (28) are threaded onto the bearing plates (27).

3. The support structure for stope recovery under weak rock conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting component includes an arc-shaped top (29), a second support pile (30) is welded to the lower side of the arc-shaped top (29), the arc-shaped top (29) matches the outer frame (2), arc-shaped blocks (31) are provided on both the front and rear sides of the outer frame (2), and arc-shaped grooves (32) matching the arc-shaped blocks (31) are provided on both the front and rear sides of the arc-shaped top (29). The first support pile (6) located on the lower side of the outer frame (2) is provided with strip blocks (33) on both the front and rear sides. The second support pile (30) is provided with strip grooves (34) matching the strip blocks (33) on both the front and rear sides. The inner side of the arc top (29) is provided with a bearing plate (35). The bearing plate (35) and the arc top (29) are evenly provided with reinforcing plates (36).

4. The support structure for stope recovery under weak rock conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper side of the anchor body (8) is provided with a first hexagonal prism (37), and the upper side of the lifting rod (15) is inserted into the first hexagonal prism (37).

5. The support structure for stope recovery under weak rock conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that, A second hexagonal prism (38) is provided on the lower side of the transmission screw (12), and an arc-shaped limiting ring is provided on the lower side of the guide block (14).

6. The support structure for stope recovery under weak rock conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The L-shaped frame (24) has a notch on its upper side, and the strip-shaped insert (22) is tilted as a whole with an inclination angle greater than or equal to 15 degrees. The position of the notch matches the position of the strip-shaped insert (22).

7. The support structure for stope recovery under weak rock conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that, A displacement sensor (39) is provided between the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3), and an audible and visual alarm (40) electrically connected to the displacement sensor (39) is provided on the inner side of the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3).

8. The support structure for stope mining under weak rock conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both the strip groove (34) and the arc groove (32) are threaded with connecting bolts (41), and the arc block (31) and the strip block (33) are provided with threaded holes corresponding to the connecting bolts (41).

9. The support structure for stope mining under weak rock conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The insert (5) also has a through hole, and the through hole on the insert (5) corresponds to the position of the through hole on the upper side of the first support pile (6).

10. A method for constructing a support structure for stope mining under weak rock conditions, applicable to the support structure for stope mining under weak rock conditions as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Conduct a detailed survey of the mining area under weak rock conditions to determine the distribution range, lithological characteristics, geological structure, etc. of the weak rock layer (1), so as to provide an accurate basis for the design and construction of the support. Based on the survey results and the mining requirements, design the specific parameters of the support, including the size and shape of the outer frame (2) and inner frame (3), the number and distribution of the first support piles (6), the specifications and arrangement of the anchor bolts, etc. Step S2: Prepare the materials and equipment required for construction, such as outer frame (2), inner frame (3), connecting plate (4), insert (5), first support pile (6), sleeve (7), anchor bolt parts, connecting parts, displacement sensor (39), sound and light alarm (40), connecting bolt (41), etc., as well as drilling equipment, lifting equipment, welding equipment, etc. Step S3: At the determined location in the weak rock layer (1), the outer frame (2), inner frame (3) and the first support pile (6) are hoisted to the designated location using a lifting device, their horizontal and vertical alignment is adjusted, and the above components are assembled. The tightness of the connection between the above components is increased by welding. At the same time, the sleeve (7) is fixed between the outer frame (2), inner frame (3) and the first support pile (6) so that the above components form a whole. In order to ensure the stability of the installation, multiple sets of anchor rods are inserted through the through holes and inserted into the weak rock layer (1) to increase the reinforcement effect. Step S4: Install connecting parts interspersed between multiple sets of support parts. After the connecting parts are connected to the support parts, the connecting parts and the support parts become a whole, which can ensure a high-strength support effect. Compared with the support parts, the connecting parts have a relatively simple structure and a low overall cost. While ensuring the overall support performance, the overall cost can be reduced. Step S5: After the above steps are completed, rotate the transmission screw (12) inside the anchor body (8), and in conjunction with the transmission ring (13), lifting rod (15), first transmission block (16) and other components, push the strip-shaped insert (22) out from inside the anchor body (8). With the rotation of the transmission screw (12), the strip-shaped insert (22) can also be driven to descend, and the strip-shaped insert (22) can be further inserted into the weak rock layer (1), increasing the insertion area between the anchor body (8) and the weak rock layer (1), thereby increasing the support effect of the support part. Step S6: Install a displacement sensor (39) between the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3) to monitor the displacement changes of the support structure in real time. Install an audible and visual alarm (40) that is electrically connected to the displacement sensor (39) on the inner side of the outer frame (2) and the inner frame (3). When the displacement sensor (39) detects that the displacement exceeds the set value, the audible and visual alarm (40) will sound an alarm to remind the staff to take timely measures. Step S7: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the installed support structure, checking whether each component is firmly installed, accurately positioned, and tightly connected, etc. Organize the construction records and related data, and conduct project acceptance. Only after the acceptance is qualified can the mining operation be carried out.

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