Automatic electric heat preservation anti-freezing control method and system for fire hydrant

Abstract

The application provides a fire hydrant automatic electric heat preservation anti-freezing control method and system, which comprises the following steps: constructing a three-dimensional temperature field model of a fire hydrant surface, calculating the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction, determining a first heating area higher than a target temperature and a second heating area lower than the target temperature; determining the required power of each heating area according to the basic power of each heating area, the temperature difference of each heating area, the temperature gradient and the respective adjustment coefficient; taking the shortest time for the temperature of each heating area to reach the target temperature, the minimum energy consumption and the minimum deviation between the actual power and the required power as the target, and solving the actual power of each heating component under the constraint conditions of the total power, the power output limit of each heating component and the priority of each heating area to heat each heating area, thereby improving the heating efficiency, reducing the energy consumption, preventing the local overheating or underheating phenomenon, prolonging the service life of the equipment and improving the system reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire protection equipment antifreeze technology, and in particular to an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method and system for fire hydrants. Background Technology

[0002] The problem of subway fire hydrants freezing easily in extreme low-temperature environments is becoming increasingly prominent, especially in frigid northern regions or in special locations such as subway ventilation openings.

[0003] Current mainstream antifreeze measures suffer from the following technical drawbacks: traditional rock wool or rubber-plastic insulation materials exhibit significantly reduced insulation performance under extreme low temperatures, failing to effectively prevent fire hoses from freezing; while electric heating tape provides active heating, it requires winding installation, and long-term use can easily lead to safety hazards such as insulation aging and short circuits. More critically, existing electric heating systems generally employ a simple constant-power heating mode, lacking intelligent temperature control functions, resulting in significant energy waste.

[0004] The direct consequence of these technical deficiencies is an increased risk of fire hydrant pipes freezing and bursting, which not only significantly increases repair and maintenance costs but also seriously threatens the safety of subway operations. Especially in enclosed spaces such as subway tunnels, a freezing failure in the fire protection system will severely impair the normal functioning of emergency firefighting capabilities. Furthermore, existing anti-freezing solutions suffer from difficulties in maintenance and short service life, making it difficult to meet the high reliability requirements of fire protection equipment in special locations such as subways.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of fire hydrant antifreeze solution that can adapt to the special environment of the subway, has intelligent temperature control function, and is safe and reliable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method and system for fire hydrants, which can improve heating efficiency, reduce energy consumption, prevent local overheating or underheating, extend equipment service life, and improve system reliability.

[0007] On one hand, the present invention provides an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants, wherein the fire hydrant is divided into multiple heating zones; the fire hydrant is provided with an insulation sleeve, the insulation sleeve including a heating layer, an insulation layer and a protective layer; the heating layer includes a heating component corresponding to each heating zone, and at least one temperature sensor is provided in the insulation layer corresponding to each heating zone; the at least one temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of its respective heating zone.

[0008] The method described:

[0009] Using interpolation, a three-dimensional temperature field model of the fire hydrant surface is constructed based on the location of each temperature sensor and the temperature of each heating zone.

[0010] Based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction is calculated, and a first heating zone above the target temperature and a second heating zone below the target temperature are determined.

[0011] The required power for each heating zone is determined based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients.

[0012] Based on the objective function established with the goals of minimizing the time for each heating zone to reach the target temperature, minimizing energy consumption, and minimizing the deviation between actual power and demand power, the actual power of each heating component is solved under the constraints of total power, power output limit of each heating component, and priority of each heating zone.

[0013] Each heating zone is heated based on the actual power of each heating component.

[0014] According to the present invention, an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants determines the required power of each heating zone based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients, including:

[0015] The required power of the first heating zone is obtained by subtracting the product of the temperature difference of the first heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature difference of the first heating zone from the base power value of the first heating zone.

[0016] The required power of the second heating zone is calculated by adding the base power value of the second heating zone to the product of the temperature difference adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone, and then adding the product of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone.

[0017] According to the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants provided by the present invention, the priority of each heating zone is determined by calculating a priority score based on the temperature difference of each heating zone, the temperature gradient of each heating zone, and the importance of each heating zone according to a set weight coefficient.

[0018] According to the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants provided by the present invention, the priority score acquisition process is as follows:

[0019] Determine the first difference between the set maximum temperature value and the target temperature, determine the first ratio between the temperature difference of each heating zone and the first difference, and determine the first product of the weighting coefficient of the temperature difference of each heating zone and the first ratio;

[0020] Determine a second ratio between the temperature gradient of each heating zone and the set maximum temperature gradient value, and determine a second product of the second ratio and the temperature gradient weighting coefficient;

[0021] Determine the third product of the importance weight coefficient and the importance index for each heating zone;

[0022] The priority score is obtained by summing the first product, the second product, and the third product.

[0023] According to the present invention, an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants, before determining the required power of each heating zone based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients, further includes:

[0024] Based on the material, size, insulation performance of the insulation layer, historical operating data, and experimental test results of the fire hydrant, the base power of each heating zone is determined; wherein, the base power of each heating zone is the minimum power value required to keep the fire hydrant from freezing under normal ambient temperature.

[0025] According to the present invention, an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants determines the base power of each heating zone based on the material, size, insulation performance of the insulation layer, historical operating data, and experimental test results of the fire hydrant, including:

[0026] The thermal conductivity, outer diameter, and height of the fire hydrant material are obtained, and the surface area of ​​the fire hydrant is obtained by calculating the surface area of ​​a cylinder using the formula for calculating the surface area of ​​a cylinder.

[0027] The thermal resistance value of the insulation layer is obtained through standard thermal insulation performance testing.

[0028] Extract the minimum power record set that keeps fire hydrants from freezing within a preset ambient temperature range from historical operating data;

[0029] In a constant temperature test environment, the test power is increased in fixed steps until the surface temperature of the fire hydrant reaches the antifreeze threshold, and the test power value is recorded at this time.

[0030] Determine the second difference between the target temperature and the set minimum ambient temperature, determine the safety factor, the surface area of ​​the fire hydrant, and the fourth product of the second difference, determine the sum of the thermal resistance and the reciprocal of the surface heat transfer coefficient, and determine the ratio of the fourth product and the sum as the theoretical basic power value.

[0031] The final base power value is obtained by weighting the theoretical base power value, the measured power value, and the quantiles of the minimum power record set.

[0032] According to the present invention, an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants is provided, wherein when the thermal resistance value of the insulation layer exceeds a preset thermal resistance threshold, the safety factor is reduced.

[0033] When the number of icing events in historical operation data exceeds a set number, the safety factor is increased.

[0034] According to the present invention, an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants is provided, which calculates the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, including:

[0035] For each heating component location, the temperature change rate of each heating component in three mutually perpendicular directions is calculated based on the three-dimensional temperature field model.

[0036] The temperature gradient is calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the rates of temperature change in the three directions.

[0037] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants, wherein the fire hydrant is divided into multiple heating zones; the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants includes an insulation sleeve and an intelligent temperature controller;

[0038] The insulation jacket includes a heating layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer; the heating layer includes a heating component corresponding to each heating zone, and at least one temperature sensor is provided in the area of ​​the insulation layer corresponding to each heating zone; the at least one temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of its respective heating zone.

[0039] The intelligent temperature controller is used for:

[0040] Using interpolation, a three-dimensional temperature field model of the fire hydrant surface is constructed based on the location of each temperature sensor and the temperature of each heating zone.

[0041] Based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction is calculated, and a first heating zone above the target temperature and a second heating zone below the target temperature are determined.

[0042] The required power for each heating zone is determined based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients.

[0043] Based on the objective function established with the goals of minimizing the time for each heating zone to reach the target temperature, minimizing energy consumption, and minimizing the deviation between actual power and demand power, the actual power of each heating component is solved under the constraints of total power, power output limit of each heating component, and priority of each heating zone.

[0044] Each heating zone is heated based on the actual power of each heating component.

[0045] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the automatic electric heat preservation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants as described above.

[0046] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants as described above.

[0047] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants as described above.

[0048] The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method and system for fire hydrants provided by this invention solves the problems of insufficient insulation performance and serious energy waste of traditional antifreeze measures by dividing the heating area, constructing a three-dimensional temperature field model, dynamically adjusting the heating power and optimizing the algorithm control. It has the advantages of improving heating efficiency, reducing energy consumption, preventing local overheating or underheating, extending equipment service life and improving system reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the insulation jacket;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0055] In existing technologies, subway fire hydrants are prone to freezing in extreme low-temperature environments. Traditional insulation materials such as rock wool or rubber and plastic are insufficiently effective at preventing freezing in extreme low temperatures, while electric heating tape suffers from complex installation, susceptibility to aging and short circuits, and high energy consumption. These defects increase the risk of fire water pipes freezing and bursting, affecting subway operational safety. For example, in subway ventilation openings in northern regions, the ambient temperature may drop sharply to -30 degrees Celsius. Existing technologies struggle to maintain the water temperature inside fire hydrants above freezing, and the lack of dynamic temperature control mechanisms leads to energy waste.

[0056] To address these issues, a solution is needed that can adapt to complex temperature distributions, achieve precise temperature control, and save energy. First, considering that traditional electric heating cables cannot handle sudden temperature changes in localized areas, the fire hydrant surface needs to be divided into independent temperature-controlled zones. Second, excessively low temperature acquisition frequencies can lead to response delays, while excessively high frequencies may introduce noise interference; a balance needs to be struck between data acquisition and filtering. Finally, multi-zone coordinated heating requires resolving power allocation conflicts; for example, high-priority zones need rapid heating while low-priority zones need energy-constrained heating.

[0057] Therefore, the present invention divides the fire hydrant into multiple heating zones and designs a flexible insulation sleeve that matches the shape of the fire hydrant. The insulation sleeve includes a heating layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer. The heating layer includes a heating component corresponding to each heating zone. At least one temperature sensor is provided in the insulation layer in the area corresponding to each heating zone. The at least one temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of its respective heating zone.

[0058] In a specific implementation, the heating layer can be a flame-retardant silicone heating film (adhering to the surface of the fire hydrant for uniform heat conduction), the insulation layer can be an aerogel insulation layer (5-10mm thick, thermal conductivity ≤0.02W / m•K), and the protective layer can also be an aerogel insulation layer (5-10mm thick, thermal conductivity ≤0.02W / m•K). Fixing can be achieved using adhesive tape and elastic straps, and it is compatible with standard fire hydrant sizes such as DN65 / DN100. A cross-sectional diagram of the insulation sleeve can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the insulation jacket, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the fixing sticker, heating layer, heat insulation layer and protective layer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the heat insulation layer is provided with an embedding hole for setting a temperature sensor.

[0059] Based on the above-mentioned insulation sleeve, the present invention provides an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the executing entity of the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants provided in this embodiment of the invention can be an electronic device, and the method mainly includes the following steps:

[0060] 201. Using interpolation, a three-dimensional temperature field model of the fire hydrant surface is constructed based on the location of each temperature sensor and the temperature of each heating zone.

[0061] 202. Based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, calculate the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction, and determine the first heating zone above the target temperature and the second heating zone below the target temperature;

[0062] 203. Determine the required power for each heating zone based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients;

[0063] 204. Based on the objective function established with the goals of minimizing the time for each heating zone to reach the target temperature, minimizing energy consumption, and minimizing the deviation between actual power and demand power, the actual power of each heating component is solved under the constraints of total power, power output limit of each heating component, and priority of each heating zone.

[0064] 205. Heating each heating zone based on the actual power of each heating component.

[0065] The heating zone division involves dividing the fire hydrant surface into independent control units based on its thermal conductivity. This can be achieved through ring-shaped segmentation or longitudinal block division, addressing the localized overheating or underheating issues caused by traditional uniform heating. The three-dimensional temperature field model construction involves reconstructing the surface temperature distribution using spatial interpolation algorithms, such as Kriging interpolation, to accurately identify areas of temperature anomalies. Temperature gradient calculation involves measuring the rate of temperature change along the axial, radial, and circumferential directions of the heating components, determining the direction of heat conduction through vector synthesis, and predicting temperature change trends. Multi-objective optimization involves using interior-point methods to handle constrained nonlinear programming problems. For example, time, energy consumption, and power deviation are transformed into weighted objective functions, which are then solved under constraints of total power, power output limits for each heating component, and the priority of each heating zone, achieving dynamic power allocation. The interior-point method is only an example; other methods, such as particle swarm optimization, can also be used, but these will not be elaborated upon here.

[0066] Specifically, the temperature sensor collects data at high frequency, filters out outliers using median filtering, and generates a three-dimensional temperature distribution by combining this data with spatial location information. For areas where the detected temperature is lower than the target temperature, the system calculates the required power based on the base power of that area plus a temperature difference compensation value, while also considering the impact of temperature gradients in adjacent areas on heat diffusion. During optimization, priority is given to power supply to high-priority areas, such as those near flange connections or exposed to strong convection environments, and rapid heating of critical components is achieved through weighting coefficient adjustments. The total power limit and the maximum output of a single component are simultaneously checked during power allocation to avoid circuit overload.

[0067] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electric heating cables employ fixed power output and lack zoned control, resulting in continuous energy consumption in high-temperature areas while insufficient heating in low-temperature areas. This invention dynamically divides heating zones and constructs a three-dimensional temperature field, enabling the identification of localized freezing risk points and targeted heating. Compared to single temperature threshold control, the introduction of temperature gradient analysis predicts heat conduction trends and establishes a coordinated heating mechanism between adjacent areas. A multi-objective optimization model replaces traditional PID control, balancing response speed and energy efficiency and avoiding power oscillations.

[0068] Through the above technical solutions, this invention effectively solves the problem of localized freezing of subway fire hydrants under extreme low temperatures. The zoned temperature control mechanism effectively reduces energy consumption, and the three-dimensional temperature field model improves temperature monitoring resolution to the millimeter level. The dynamic power allocation algorithm controls peak power consumption within the circuit safety threshold while ensuring anti-freezing effect, and the priority strategy ensures a high heating rate for critical components.

[0069] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes to use the base power value of the first heating zone minus the product of the temperature difference of the first heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature difference of the first heating zone as the required power of the first heating zone, and to use the base power value of the second heating zone plus the product of the temperature difference adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone, plus the product of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone as the required power of the second heating zone.

[0070] Among them, the base power refers to the minimum power required to prevent fire hydrants from freezing under normal ambient temperatures. It can be calculated using the material's thermal conductivity, surface area, and thermal resistance, ensuring the heating system has basic anti-freezing capabilities in its initial state. Temperature difference refers to the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature, obtained by collecting and filtering data from temperature sensors, used to quantify the degree of temperature deviation in the heating zone. Temperature gradient refers to the rate of temperature change along a set direction, calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the rates of change in three orthogonal directions using a three-dimensional temperature field model, reflecting the trend of heat transfer. The adjustment coefficient is a proportional factor set based on experimental data or historical operating results, dynamically adjusted using the material characteristics of different heating zones or environmental factors, used to balance the relationship between temperature compensation and energy consumption.

[0071] Specifically, for the first heating zone with a temperature higher than the target value, the required power is dynamically reduced by subtracting the product of the temperature difference and the adjustment coefficient from the base power, thus avoiding energy waste due to overheating. For the second heating zone with a temperature lower than the target value, a combination of base power, temperature difference adjustment term, and temperature gradient adjustment term is used to calculate and compensate for the current temperature difference while considering the heat diffusion trend, achieving precise power compensation. For example, when a heating zone has a large negative temperature gradient, it indicates that heat loss in that area is relatively rapid. In this case, the temperature gradient adjustment term will significantly increase the required power to offset the impact of heat loss.

[0072] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electric heat tracing systems rely solely on a single temperature threshold for on / off control, failing to differentiate heating needs across different areas and easily leading to localized overheating or underheating. This invention, however, introduces a dual adjustment mechanism based on temperature difference and temperature gradient, superimposing a dynamic compensation term on the base power. This allows power distribution to adapt to the real-time thermal conditions of different areas, eliminating temperature deviations while avoiding ineffective energy consumption.

[0073] Through the above technical solution, the present invention effectively solves the problem of energy waste caused by fixed power distribution in traditional electric heat tracing systems. By dynamically adjusting the power demand of each heating zone, the energy utilization rate is increased by at least 30% while ensuring the antifreeze effect, and the risk of equipment damage caused by local overheating is reduced.

[0074] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes that the priority of each heating zone is determined by calculating a priority score based on the temperature difference of each heating zone, the temperature gradient of each heating zone, and the importance of each heating zone, according to a set weighting coefficient.

[0075] Among these, temperature difference refers to the difference between the current temperature and the target temperature, which can be measured and calculated in real time by a temperature sensor, reflecting the gap between the current thermal state of the heating zone and the ideal state. Temperature gradient refers to the rate of temperature change of the heating zone in a spatial direction, which can be calculated using a three-dimensional temperature field model as the ratio of temperature difference to distance between adjacent locations, characterizing the direction and intensity of heat transfer. Importance refers to the criticality of different heating zones in the overall anti-freezing function of the fire hydrant, which can be assigned different weight values ​​to different areas based on preset fire hydrant structural parameters or historical operating data; for example, areas near water pipe interfaces are more important. Weighting coefficients refer to the relative influence of temperature difference, temperature gradient, and importance in priority calculation, which can be determined through experimental calibration or optimization algorithms, used to dynamically adjust the contribution ratio of each factor to priority allocation.

[0076] Specifically, the priority score is generated through the following steps: First, the temperature difference of each heating zone is normalized to a preset maximum temperature difference value to obtain a first ratio, which is then multiplied by a temperature difference weighting coefficient to obtain a first product value. Second, the temperature gradient is normalized to a preset maximum temperature gradient value to obtain a second ratio, which is then multiplied by a temperature gradient weighting coefficient to obtain a second product value. Third, the importance index is multiplied by the importance weighting coefficient to obtain a third product value. Finally, the three products are added together to obtain the priority score. For example, a heating zone with a large temperature difference and located in a critical position will have a significantly higher priority score than other areas, thus obtaining a higher execution order during power allocation.

[0077] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods typically allocate power based solely on temperature differences or fixed priorities, neglecting the impact of temperature gradients on heat dissipation and the varying functional importance of different regions. This invention, however, uses multi-dimensional parameter weighting to calculate priorities, enabling dynamic identification of regions requiring priority processing. For example, it can prioritize power allocation in areas with large temperature gradients to suppress heat loss, or preheat critical areas to prevent freezing risks.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, this invention achieves intelligent dynamic allocation of heating power, effectively solving the problems of local overcooling or energy waste caused by unreasonable priority settings in traditional methods. By comprehensively considering temperature difference, temperature gradient, and importance factors, it can quickly identify high-priority heating zones under complex operating conditions, prioritize ensuring temperature stability in critical areas, and avoid uneven heat distribution caused by temperature gradients, significantly improving the response efficiency and energy utilization of the antifreeze system.

[0079] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes the following process for obtaining the priority score: determining a first difference between the set maximum temperature value and the target temperature; determining a first ratio between the temperature difference of each heating zone and the first difference; determining a first product of the weighting coefficient of the temperature difference of each heating zone and the first ratio; determining a second ratio between the temperature gradient of each heating zone and the set maximum temperature gradient value; determining a second product of the second ratio and the temperature gradient weighting coefficient; determining a third product of the importance weighting coefficient and the importance index of each heating zone; and summing the first product, the second product, and the third product to obtain the priority score.

[0080] The first difference between the highest temperature and the target temperature refers to the difference between the pre-set maximum temperature that the heating zone can reach and the target temperature. This can be obtained by subtracting the target temperature from the set maximum temperature threshold, and is used to measure the relative range of the temperature difference. The weighting coefficient of the temperature difference is an adjustment factor for the impact of the degree to which the heating zone temperature deviates from the target temperature on priority. This can be a preset fixed percentage value, such as between 0.5 and 0.8, used to reflect the contribution ratio of the temperature difference to the priority score. The temperature gradient weighting coefficient is an adjustment factor for the impact of the heating zone temperature change rate on priority. This can be determined through experimental testing, for example, using a value between 0.2 and 0.4, used to balance the dynamic adjustment effect of the temperature gradient on resource allocation. The importance index is a pre-set level parameter based on the location or function of the heating zone in the fire hydrant structure. For example, areas near water pipe interfaces have a higher importance index. This can be an integer grade from 1 to 5, used to reflect the differences in antifreeze requirements of different areas.

[0081] Specifically, the priority score calculation process includes three parts: First, the current temperature difference of each heating zone is normalized to the maximum allowable temperature difference of the system to obtain a first ratio, which is then multiplied by a temperature difference weighting coefficient to reflect the impact of temperature deviation on priority. Second, the temperature gradient is normalized to the preset maximum temperature gradient to obtain a second ratio, which is then multiplied by a temperature gradient weighting coefficient to reflect the dynamic demand for resource allocation due to temperature change trends. Finally, a pre-set importance index is multiplied by its corresponding weighting coefficient to reflect the differences in functional importance of different areas. The results of these three parts are added together to obtain a comprehensive priority score. A higher score indicates that the heating zone should receive higher priority in power allocation. For example, when a heating zone has a large temperature difference and is in a critical position, its priority score will be significantly higher than other areas, thus giving it priority in resource allocation.

[0082] Compared to existing technologies, traditional solutions typically allocate power based solely on temperature differences or fixed priorities, failing to dynamically respond to temperature change trends and regional functional differences. For example, existing electric heating tape systems may determine heating needs based on a single temperature threshold, leading to delayed heating in highly important areas due to the neglect of temperature gradients. This invention introduces temperature gradients and an importance index, enabling priority scoring to more comprehensively reflect actual antifreeze needs, thereby optimizing resource allocation efficiency.

[0083] Through the above technical solution, this invention can dynamically adjust heating priority based on real-time temperature change trends and the functional importance of different areas, avoiding the risk of localized freezing in high-importance areas due to untimely response to temperature gradients, while reducing energy waste caused by overheating in low-importance areas. This solution can improve the rationality of heating resource allocation in complex low-temperature environments, ensuring that critical areas reach the anti-freezing target temperature first, thereby improving the overall anti-freezing reliability of fire hydrants.

[0084] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes to determine the basic power of each heating zone based on the material, size, insulation performance of the insulation layer, historical operating data, and experimental test results before determining the basic power of each heating zone, wherein the basic power of each heating zone is the minimum power value required to keep the fire hydrant from freezing at normal ambient temperature.

[0085] The material of a fire hydrant refers to the type of material that makes up its main body. Its thermal conductivity can be quantified by testing the material's thermal conductivity, such as cast iron, stainless steel, or composite materials. The dimensions of a fire hydrant refer to its outer diameter and height, which can be calculated using the formula for measuring the surface area of ​​a cylinder to assess its heat dissipation area. The insulation performance of the insulation layer refers to the material's ability to prevent heat transfer, which can be obtained through standard thermal resistance testing methods, such as measuring the heat flow per unit area under a constant temperature difference. Historical operating data refers to the set of minimum power values ​​recorded during past use that prevent the fire hydrant from freezing, which can be stored and analyzed through a data acquisition system. Experimental test results refer to the antifreeze threshold power value obtained through incremental power testing in a constant temperature environment, which can be achieved by controlling the ambient temperature and gradually adjusting the heating power.

[0086] Specifically, the process of determining the base power includes the following steps: First, the surface area of ​​the fire hydrant is calculated based on the material's thermal conductivity and dimensional parameters, and the overall insulation performance is evaluated in conjunction with the thermal resistance value of the insulation layer. Second, the minimum power record required to prevent freezing is extracted from historical data, and the critical anti-freezing power value is obtained through experimental testing. Then, a safety factor is calculated using a theoretical model, comprehensively considering material characteristics, ambient temperature difference, and surface heat transfer coefficient to generate the theoretical base power. Finally, the theoretical value, test value, and historical data quantiles are weighted and fused to obtain the final base power value. This process, through multi-dimensional data fusion, ensures that the base power meets anti-freezing requirements while avoiding excessive energy consumption.

[0087] Compared to existing technologies, which typically employ fixed power or rely on a single parameter to set the heating power (e.g., adjusting only based on ambient temperature), this invention addresses power redundancy or insufficiency under complex operating conditions. By integrating material, size, insulation performance, and historical operating data, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is established to ensure the base power adapts to different fire hydrant structural characteristics and environmental conditions. Furthermore, experimental testing verifies the reliability of the theoretical model.

[0088] Through the above technical solution, this invention solves the problem of power setting deviation caused by neglecting the characteristics of the fire hydrant itself and its historical operating status in traditional methods, effectively reducing energy consumption and improving the accuracy of anti-freezing control. By dynamically calculating the minimum necessary power, energy waste is reduced while ensuring that the fire hydrant does not freeze, and equipment aging or safety hazards caused by excessive power are avoided.

[0089] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes a specific method for determining the base power of each heating zone, including obtaining the thermal conductivity, outer diameter, and height of the fire hydrant material; calculating the surface area of ​​the fire hydrant using the formula for the surface area of ​​a cylinder; obtaining the thermal resistance value of the insulation layer through standard insulation performance testing; extracting the minimum power record set for maintaining the fire hydrant from freezing within a preset ambient temperature range from historical operating data; increasing the test power in a constant temperature test environment with a fixed step size until the surface temperature of the fire hydrant reaches the antifreeze threshold and recording the test power value; calculating the difference between the target temperature and the lowest ambient temperature, and then calculating the theoretical base power value by combining the safety factor, surface area, and thermal resistance value; and weighting the theoretical base power value, the test power value, and the quantiles of the minimum power record set to obtain the final base power value.

[0090] The standard thermal insulation performance test can be conducted by placing the insulation sample between two parallel hot plates with a constant temperature difference, measuring the heat flow per unit area, calculating the thermal resistance, and repeating this process multiple times to obtain the average value. The theoretical power value can be calculated by multiplying the difference between the target temperature and the lowest ambient temperature by a safety factor and the surface area, then dividing by the ratio of the sum of the thermal resistance and the reciprocals of the surface heat transfer coefficient. The safety factor can be adjusted based on the material type; for example, a larger value is used for cast iron, a medium value for stainless steel, and a smaller value for composite materials. The safety factor is decreased when the thermal resistance of the insulation layer exceeds a threshold, and increased when icing events exceed limits in historical data.

[0091] Specifically, the implementation process begins with measuring the physical parameters of the fire hydrants and calculating their surface area. The thermal resistance characteristics of the insulation material are then obtained through standardized testing. Subsequently, the minimum power data required to maintain antifreeze conditions is extracted from the historical operational database, and a stepped power test is conducted in a constant-temperature laboratory environment to determine the critical power value. A theoretical model is then established to calculate the theoretical power required to maintain the target temperature, taking into account environmental temperature difference, material thermal conductivity, and thermal resistance parameters. Finally, the weighted average of the theoretical baseline power value, the tested power value, and the quantiles of the minimum power record set is used as the final baseline power value. The quantiles of the minimum power record set are determined by a predetermined proportion of data points within the minimum power record set whose values ​​are all below a certain value; this predetermined proportion can be 90%.

[0092] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods typically rely solely on empirical formulas or single test data to set the baseline power, which can easily lead to over-setting the power and wasting energy, or under-setting it and risking freezing. This invention, by integrating theoretical calculations, experimental tests, and historical operating data, constructs a multi-dimensional power evaluation system, effectively solving the deviation problem caused by a single data source. Simultaneously, it introduces a dynamic safety factor adjustment mechanism, which can optimize the power baseline value in real time based on changes in material properties and actual operational feedback.

[0093] Through the above technical solutions, this invention can accurately establish a basic power model for fire hydrants adapted to different materials, sizes, and environmental conditions, avoiding excessive energy consumption while ensuring anti-freezing reliability. By combining standardized testing with historical data analysis, the scientific rigor and adaptability of the basic power setting are significantly improved, solving the power setting deviation problem caused by single parameters in traditional methods. The dynamic safety factor adjustment mechanism further enhances the system's adaptability to different operating conditions, effectively preventing the risk of freezing due to material aging or sudden environmental changes.

[0094] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes to reduce the safety factor when the thermal resistance value of the insulation layer exceeds a preset thermal resistance threshold; and to increase the safety factor when the number of icing events in historical operating data exceeds a set number; the safety factor is related to the material, for example, the maximum value is taken for cast iron, the intermediate value is taken for stainless steel, and the minimum value is taken for composite materials.

[0095] The safety factor refers to the adjustment parameter used to correct the calculated base power value. Specifically, it can be dynamically adjusted through a preset material association table, which stores the safety factor range for different materials. For example, cast iron corresponds to 1.2-1.5, stainless steel to 1.0-1.2, and composite materials to 0.8-1.0. This parameter is used to balance the deviation between theoretical calculations and measured data, improving the reliability of the base power. The preset thermal resistance threshold refers to the critical value for insulation layer performance degradation, which can be determined through accelerated aging tests in the laboratory. For example, when the thermal resistance of the insulation layer drops to 70% of its initial value, the safety factor adjustment is triggered. The set number of icing events refers to the upper limit of the allowed number of abnormal operating conditions, which can be obtained through statistical analysis of maintenance records. For example, if more than two icing events occur in three consecutive winters, the safety factor adjustment is triggered. Material-related adjustments refer to setting the safety factor based on the different thermal conductivity characteristics of the fire hydrant's main material. For example, cast iron requires a larger safety factor due to its high coefficient of thermal expansion, while composite materials require a smaller safety factor due to their good thermal stability.

[0096] Specifically, during the basic power calculation process, when the thermal resistance of the insulation layer is detected to be lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the insulation performance has deteriorated. At this time, the theoretical power calculation value is reduced by lowering the safety factor to avoid over-reliance on heating power due to insulation failure. When icing events exceed the limit in historical data, it indicates that the existing safety factor is insufficient to cope with actual working conditions. In this case, the safety factor is increased to enhance power redundancy. Material differentiation is achieved by matching the thermal characteristics of materials with the safety factor. For example, cast iron fire hydrants are susceptible to temperature stress and therefore use a higher safety factor to reserve power margin, while composite material fire hydrants have less thermal deformation and therefore use a lower safety factor to achieve energy saving. This process dynamically corrects the power calculation benchmark value by monitoring insulation performance data and operational fault records in real time, ensuring that the basic power meets anti-freezing requirements while avoiding energy waste.

[0097] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods typically employ a fixed safety factor, which cannot cope with changes in operating conditions caused by insulation aging or extreme weather, easily leading to insufficient power redundancy or energy waste. This invention, however, establishes a correlation mechanism between thermal resistance thresholds and icing events, combining material characteristics to achieve dynamic optimization of the safety factor, ensuring that the calculated base power value always matches the current equipment status and environmental conditions. For example, in existing technologies, cast iron and composite material fire hydrants use the same safety factor, resulting in the former being prone to insufficient power while the latter suffers from energy waste. This invention effectively resolves this contradiction through material classification.

[0098] Through the above technical solution, this invention solves the problem of icing risk or energy waste caused by improper safety factor settings in existing fire hydrant antifreeze control. A dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that the calculated base power value accurately matches the actual operating conditions. When the insulation layer performance deteriorates, the safety factor is promptly reduced to avoid overheating. In frequent icing scenarios, the safety factor is increased to enhance reliability. Simultaneously, parameters are configured differently based on material characteristics to optimize energy utilization efficiency while ensuring antifreeze effectiveness.

[0099] In some embodiments, the present invention further proposes a method for calculating the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction based on a three-dimensional temperature field model, comprising: for the location of each heating component, calculating the rate of temperature change of each heating component in three mutually perpendicular directions based on the three-dimensional temperature field model; and calculating the temperature gradient by the square root of the sum of the squares of the rate of temperature change in the three directions.

[0100] The three-dimensional temperature field model refers to a mathematical model that transforms discrete temperature sensor data into a continuous spatial temperature distribution through interpolation. Specifically, cubic spline interpolation or radial basis function interpolation methods can be used to reflect the spatial variation of the fire hydrant surface temperature. The rate of temperature change refers to the amount of temperature change per unit distance in a specific direction. This can be calculated using the central difference method or least squares method to determine the temperature difference between adjacent grid points, quantifying the heat conduction trend in different directions within the temperature field. The temperature gradient is a scalar value that combines the rates of temperature change in three orthogonal directions. This can be calculated using the vector magnitude formula to determine the geometric synthesis of the rates of change in each direction, characterizing the overall intensity of temperature change in the area surrounding the heating element.

[0101] Specifically, after constructing the three-dimensional temperature field model, temperature distribution data is extracted along three orthogonal directions—axial, radial, and circumferential—for each heating component. For each direction, the rate of temperature change is obtained by calculating the ratio of the temperature difference between adjacent grid nodes to their distance. For example, in the axial direction, the center point of the heating component and its two adjacent grid points are selected, the temperature difference between the two points is calculated and divided by the distance, yielding the axial temperature rate of change. The squares of the temperature rates of change in the three orthogonal directions are then summed, and the square root is taken to obtain the final temperature gradient value at the location of the heating component. This multi-directional comprehensive calculation method avoids the accumulation of errors caused by temperature changes in a single direction and accurately reflects the actual distribution characteristics of the temperature field in the heating area.

[0102] Compared to existing technologies, traditional electric heat tracing systems rely solely on data from a single temperature sensor to determine heating needs, failing to detect spatial gradient changes in the temperature field and easily leading to localized overheating or underheating. This invention, however, uses a three-dimensional temperature field model to accurately calculate the rate of temperature change in three orthogonal directions, enabling the identification of temperature gradient distribution differences under complex geometries. For example, at the flange connection of a fire hydrant, the circumferential temperature change rate may be significantly higher than the axial rate. In this case, the temperature gradient calculation can accurately capture the heat accumulation trend in that area, providing a precise basis for power distribution.

[0103] Through the above technical solution, this invention can accurately quantify the temperature gradient distribution in the area surrounding the heating component, solving the problem of unreasonable heating power distribution caused by traditional single-direction temperature monitoring. By using a three-dimensional temperature field model and multi-directional temperature change rate calculation, the anisotropic characteristics of the temperature field on the fire hydrant surface can be identified, avoiding antifreeze blind spots caused by underestimation of local temperature gradients, while also preventing energy waste caused by overestimation of gradients.

[0104] Based on the same general inventive concept, this invention also protects an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants provided by this invention will be described below. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants described below can be referred to in correspondence with the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants described above.

[0105] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fire hydrant is divided into multiple heating zones; as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants in this embodiment includes an insulation sleeve and an intelligent temperature controller.

[0106] The insulation jacket includes a heating layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer; the heating layer includes a heating component corresponding to each heating zone, and at least one temperature sensor is provided in the area of ​​the insulation layer corresponding to each heating zone; the at least one temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of its respective heating zone.

[0107] The intelligent temperature controller is used for:

[0108] Using interpolation, a three-dimensional temperature field model of the fire hydrant surface is constructed based on the location of each temperature sensor and the temperature of each heating zone.

[0109] Based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction is calculated, and a first heating zone above the target temperature and a second heating zone below the target temperature are determined.

[0110] The required power for each heating zone is determined based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients.

[0111] Based on the objective function established with the goals of minimizing the time for each heating zone to reach the target temperature, minimizing energy consumption, and minimizing the deviation between actual power and demand power, the actual power of each heating component is solved under the constraints of total power, power output limit of each heating component, and priority of each heating zone.

[0112] Each heating zone is heated based on the actual power of each heating component.

[0113] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device may include: a processor 410, a communication interface 420, a memory 430, and a communication bus 440. The processor 410, communication interface 420, and memory 430 communicate with each other via the communication bus 440. The processor 410 can call logical instructions stored in the memory 430 to execute an automatic electric insulation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants.

[0114] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 430 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0115] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to execute the automatic electric heat preservation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants provided by the above methods.

[0116] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze method for fire hydrants provided by the above methods.

[0117] It should be noted that all relevant information that may be involved in the various embodiments of the present invention is processed in strict accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations, following the principles of legality, legitimacy, and necessity, based on the reasonable purpose of the business scenario, and is information that users actively provide or generate during the use of the product / service, as well as information obtained with user authorization.

[0118] The information processed by this invention may vary depending on the specific product / service scenario and should be based on the specific scenario in which the user uses the product / service. This may involve user account information, device information, or other related information. This invention will handle the relevant information and its processing with the utmost diligence.

[0119] This invention places great importance on the security of related information and has adopted reasonable and feasible security protection measures that comply with industry standards to protect related information and prevent unauthorized access, public disclosure, use, modification, damage or loss of related information.

[0120] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0121] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control of fire hydrants, characterized in that, The fire hydrant is divided into multiple heating zones; the fire hydrant is equipped with an insulation sleeve, which includes a heating layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer; the heating layer includes a heating component corresponding to each heating zone, and at least one temperature sensor is provided in the area of ​​the insulation layer corresponding to each heating zone; the at least one temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of its respective heating zone. The method described: Using interpolation, a three-dimensional temperature field model of the fire hydrant surface is constructed based on the location of each temperature sensor and the temperature of each heating zone. Based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction is calculated, and a first heating zone above the target temperature and a second heating zone below the target temperature are determined. The required power for each heating zone is determined based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients. Based on the objective function established with the goals of minimizing the time for each heating zone to reach the target temperature, minimizing energy consumption, and minimizing the deviation between actual power and demand power, the actual power of each heating component is solved under the constraints of total power, power output limit of each heating component, and priority of each heating zone. Each heating zone is heated based on the actual power of each heating component. The adjustment coefficient refers to the proportional factor set according to experimental data or historical operating results. It is dynamically corrected using the material properties or environmental factors of different heating zones to balance the relationship between temperature compensation and energy consumption. Based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients, the required power of each heating zone is determined, including: The required power of the first heating zone is obtained by subtracting the product of the temperature difference of the first heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature difference of the first heating zone from the base power value of the first heating zone. The required power of the second heating zone is calculated by adding the base power value of the second heating zone to the product of the temperature difference adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone, and then adding the product of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone.

2. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The priority of each heating zone is determined by calculating a priority score based on the temperature difference, temperature gradient, and importance of each heating zone according to a set weighting coefficient.

3. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the priority score is as follows: Determine the first difference between the set maximum temperature value and the target temperature, determine the first ratio between the temperature difference of each heating zone and the first difference, and determine the first product of the weighting coefficient of the temperature difference of each heating zone and the first ratio; Determine a second ratio between the temperature gradient of each heating zone and the set maximum temperature gradient value, and determine a second product of the second ratio and the temperature gradient weighting coefficient; Determine the third product of the importance weight coefficient and the importance index for each heating zone; The priority score is obtained by summing the first product, the second product, and the third product.

4. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the required power for each heating zone based on its base power, the temperature difference between the first and second heating zones, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients, the process also includes: Based on the material, size, insulation performance of the insulation layer, historical operating data, and experimental test results of the fire hydrant, the base power of each heating zone is determined; wherein, the base power of each heating zone is the minimum power value required to keep the fire hydrant from freezing under normal ambient temperature.

5. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the material, size, insulation performance of the insulation layer, historical operating data, and experimental test results of the fire hydrant, the base power of each heating zone is determined, including: The thermal conductivity, outer diameter, and height of the fire hydrant material are obtained, and the surface area of ​​the fire hydrant is obtained by calculating the surface area of ​​a cylinder using the formula for calculating the surface area of ​​a cylinder. The thermal resistance value of the insulation layer is obtained through standard thermal insulation performance testing. Extract the minimum power record set that keeps fire hydrants from freezing within a preset ambient temperature range from historical operating data; In a constant temperature test environment, the test power is increased in fixed steps until the surface temperature of the fire hydrant reaches the antifreeze threshold, and the test power value is recorded at this time. Determine the second difference between the target temperature and the set minimum ambient temperature, determine the safety factor, the surface area of ​​the fire hydrant, and the fourth product of the second difference, determine the sum of the thermal resistance and the reciprocal of the surface heat transfer coefficient, and determine the ratio of the fourth product and the sum as the theoretical basic power value. The final base power value is obtained by weighting the theoretical base power value, the measured power value, and the quantiles of the minimum power record set.

6. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the thermal resistance value of the insulation layer exceeds the preset thermal resistance threshold, the safety factor is reduced. When the number of icing events in historical operation data exceeds a set number, the safety factor is increased.

7. The automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional temperature field model, the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction is calculated, including: For each heating component location, the temperature change rate of each heating component in three mutually perpendicular directions is calculated based on the three-dimensional temperature field model. The temperature gradient is calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the rates of temperature change in the three directions.

8. An automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for fire hydrants, characterized in that, The fire hydrant is divided into multiple heating zones; the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze system for the fire hydrant includes an insulation sleeve and an intelligent temperature controller; The insulation jacket includes a heating layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer; the heating layer includes a heating component corresponding to each heating zone, and at least one temperature sensor is provided in the area of ​​the insulation layer corresponding to each heating zone; the at least one temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of its respective heating zone. The intelligent temperature controller is used for: Using interpolation, a three-dimensional temperature field model of the fire hydrant surface is constructed based on the location of each temperature sensor and the temperature of each heating zone. Based on the three-dimensional temperature field model, the temperature gradient of each heating component in a set direction is calculated, and a first heating zone above the target temperature and a second heating zone below the target temperature are determined. The required power for each heating zone is determined based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients. Based on the objective function established with the goals of minimizing the time for each heating zone to reach the target temperature, minimizing energy consumption, and minimizing the deviation between actual power and demand power, the actual power of each heating component is solved under the constraints of total power, power output limit of each heating component, and priority of each heating zone. Each heating zone is heated based on the actual power of each heating component. The adjustment coefficient refers to the proportional factor set according to experimental data or historical operating results. It is dynamically corrected using the material properties or environmental factors of different heating zones to balance the relationship between temperature compensation and energy consumption. Based on the base power of each heating zone, the temperature difference of the first heating zone, the temperature difference of the second heating zone, the temperature gradient, and their respective adjustment coefficients, the required power of each heating zone is determined, including: The required power of the first heating zone is obtained by subtracting the product of the temperature difference of the first heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature difference of the first heating zone from the base power value of the first heating zone. The required power of the second heating zone is calculated by adding the base power value of the second heating zone to the product of the temperature difference adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the second heating zone, and then adding the product of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone and the adjustment coefficient of the temperature gradient of the second heating zone.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the automatic electric insulation and antifreeze control method for fire hydrants as described in any one of claims 1-7.

Images