Novel biomass combustion device
By separating the biomass gas flow into rich and light phases in the biomass combustion device, and constructing a high-temperature reflux vortex using central and annular stabilizing teeth, the problem of uncontrollable biomass fuel combustion is solved, and combustion efficiency and flexibility are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511205148.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
The unique characteristics of biomass fuels make combustion difficult to control, resulting in incomplete combustion, high unburned carbon content, and poor combustion efficiency.
A novel biomass combustion device is designed, in which the biomass gas flow is divided into rich phase and lean phase fuel gas flow through the guide component in the primary air duct, and then mixed with the secondary air and ejected from the nozzle. The central stabilizing tooth and the annular stabilizing tooth in the nozzle form a high-temperature recirculation vortex to achieve multi-scale stable combustion. Combined with the swingable nozzle, the flame center and smoke temperature are adjusted.
It improves fuel combustion efficiency and flame temperature, avoids nozzle burn-out and coking, and enhances the flexibility and engineering applicability of the burner.
Smart Images
Figure CN120991302A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biomass combustion, in particular to a novel biomass combustion device. BACKGROUND
[0002] Biomass power generation technology includes direct combustion power generation, mixed combustion power generation and biomass gasification power generation. Compared with direct combustion power generation and gasification power generation, biomass mixed combustion power generation has the advantages of low construction cost, short construction period and less influence of raw material properties. Biomass mixed combustion power generation generally refers to the mixed combustion of biomass fuel in a coal-fired unit. Therefore, by applying biomass mixed combustion power generation technology, only the existing coal-fired unit needs to be appropriately modified for rapid commissioning, which not only effectively reduces carbon dioxide emissions, but also improves the flexibility of fuel supply on the boiler side and the flexibility of unit load regulation.
[0003] Due to the great difference in physical and chemical structure and chemical composition between biomass and coal, the combustion characteristics are quite different. Therefore, a biomass burner needs to be designed accordingly. The current biomass burner adopts dense and thin separation combustion of biomass particles, and the nozzle can swing to adjust the flame center in the furnace and the flue gas temperature at the screen bottom. However, the special fuel characteristics of biomass make its combustion difficult to control, resulting in incomplete combustion, high unburned carbon content and poor combustion effect. SUMMARY
[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problem of incomplete combustion, high unburned carbon content and poor combustion effect caused by the special fuel characteristics of biomass. A novel biomass combustion device is further provided.
[0005] The technical solution of the present application is: a novel biomass combustion device, comprising: a primary air pipe, the outlet of the primary air pipe is connected with a swingable nozzle, biomass gas flow flows into the inlet of the primary air pipe and is sprayed out from the nozzle;
[0006] The primary air pipe has a dense phase channel and a thin phase channel arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and a flow guide is arranged at the inlet of the primary air pipe. Under the guidance of the flow guide, the biomass gas flow is divided into a dense phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dense phase channel and a thin phase fuel gas flow flowing into the thin phase channel;
[0007] A secondary air box is sleeved outside the primary air pipe, and a hot air channel is formed between the secondary air box and the primary air pipe;
[0008] The nozzle has a first channel, a second channel and a third channel arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the first channel communicates with the dense phase channel, the second channel communicates with the thin phase channel, and the third channel communicates with the hot air channel;
[0009] The center position of the outlet of the first channel is provided with a center stable combustion tooth, and the inner wall of the outlet of the second channel is provided with annular stable combustion teeth distributed in the circumferential direction.
[0010] Further, the center position in the primary air pipe is connected with a shunt pipeline extending from the outlet to the inlet, the shunt pipeline is internally formed with a dense phase channel, the shunt pipeline and the primary air pipe form a dilute phase channel therebetween, and the flow guide member is located in the region between the shunt pipeline and the inlet in the primary air pipe.
[0011] Further, the inner side surface of the shunt pipeline is connected with a first annular plate protruding inward, and the inner diameter of the first annular plate gradually decreases along the flow direction of the dense phase fuel gas stream.
[0012] Further, the outer side surface of the shunt pipeline is connected with a second annular plate protruding outward, and the outer diameter of the second annular plate gradually increases along the flow direction of the dilute phase fuel gas stream.
[0013] Further, the flow guide member comprises a third annular plate with an inner diameter gradually decreasing along the flow direction of the biomass gas stream, and the third annular plate has a gas flow passage for guiding the biomass gas stream to the dilute phase channel.
[0014] Further, the third annular plate has a plurality of intervals, and the gas flow passage is formed through the gap between adjacent two third annular plates.
[0015] Further, the nozzle comprises a first pipe body, a second pipe body and a third pipe body arranged in sequence from inside to outside, the first pipe body is internally formed with a first channel, the first pipe body and the second pipe body form the second channel therebetween, and the second pipe body and the third pipe body form the third channel therebetween.
[0016] Further, the first pipe body is rotationally connected with the shunt pipeline in the primary air pipe, the third pipe body is connected with a driving device, and the nozzle is swung through the driving device.
[0017] Further, one end of the shunt pipeline has a first arc surface in sliding cooperation with the first pipe body, and one end of the primary air pipe has a second arc surface in sliding cooperation with the second pipe body.
[0018] Further, the swing angle of the nozzle is ±20°.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following effects:
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following effects:1. The novel biomass combustion device provided by the application, the biomass gas flow is divided into a dense phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dense phase channel and a dilute phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dilute phase channel under the diversion of the diversion member, and then is sprayed out from the nozzle together with the secondary air of the secondary air box; the central stable combustion tooth and the annular stable combustion tooth in the nozzle can construct a strong suction and high temperature backflow vortex of the burner, and realize multi-scale stable combustion of the fuel, so that the flame temperature and the combustion efficiency of the fuel combustion are effectively improved.
[0021] 2. The novel biomass combustion device provided by the application, multi-stage concentration of the fuel is realized through the diversion member, the dense phase channel and the first annular plate, the high concentration ratio of the fuel in the dense phase channel is ensured, the fuel concentration deviates from the optimal ignition concentration, the fuel ignition is delayed, and the phenomenon of nozzle burning and coking caused by too fast combustion speed is avoided.
[0022] 3. The novel biomass combustion device provided by the application, the dilute phase fuel gas flow can be prevented from adhering to the inner wall through the second annular plate, the wall-burning of the dilute phase fuel gas flow is eliminated, and the burning of the burner is prevented.
[0023] 4. The novel biomass combustion device provided by the application, the effects of furnace flame center control and flue gas temperature adjustment at the screen bottom can be realized by adjusting the swing angle of the nozzle, the flexibility of the burner in the running process is improved, and the biomass combustion device has stronger engineering applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application;
[0025] Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1 ;
[0026] Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1 ;
[0027] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the A area in Figure 1 ;
[0028] In the figure: 1, primary air pipe; 2, nozzle; 3, dense phase channel; 4, dilute phase channel; 5, diversion member; 6, secondary air box; 7, first channel; 8, second channel; 9, third channel; 10, central stable combustion tooth; 11, annular stable combustion tooth; 12, first annular plate; 13, second annular plate; 14, diversion pipeline; 15, gas flow port; 16, first pipe body; 17, second pipe body; 18, third pipe body; 19, first arc surface; 20, second arc surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Specific implementation one: combined with Figures 1 to 3The embodiment is described as follows. The embodiment includes a primary air pipe 1 and a secondary air box 6. The outlet of the primary air pipe 1 is connected with a swingable nozzle 2. Biomass gas flow flows into the primary air pipe 1 from the inlet and is sprayed from the nozzle 2. The primary air pipe 1 has a dense phase channel 3 and a dilute phase channel 4 arranged in sequence from inside to outside. A flow guide 5 is arranged at the inlet of the primary air pipe 1. Under the guidance of the flow guide 5, the biomass gas flow is divided into a dense phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dense phase channel 3 and a dilute phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dilute phase channel 4. The secondary air box 6 is sleeved outside the primary air pipe 1. A hot air channel is formed between the secondary air box 6 and the primary air pipe 1. Hot air enters the secondary air box 6 from the inlet and is sprayed from the nozzle 2. The nozzle 2 has a first channel 7, a second channel 8 and a third channel 9 arranged in sequence from inside to outside. The first channel 7 is in communication with the dense phase channel 3. The second channel 8 is in communication with the dilute phase channel 4. The third channel 9 is in communication with the hot air channel. A central stable combustion tooth 10 is arranged at the center position of the outlet of the first channel 7. An annular stable combustion tooth 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the outlet of the second channel 8.
[0030] The novel biomass combustion device of the embodiment divides the biomass gas flow into a dense phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dense phase channel 3 and a dilute phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dilute phase channel 4 under the guidance of the flow guide 5, and then sprays the two kinds of fuel gas from the nozzle 2 together with the secondary air of the secondary air box 6. The central stable combustion tooth 10 and the annular stable combustion tooth 11 in the nozzle 2 can construct a strong suction and high temperature backflow vortex of the burner, so as to realize multi-scale stable combustion of the fuel and effectively improve the flame temperature and combustion efficiency of the fuel combustion.
[0031] Specific implementation method two: combined with Figure 1 , Figure 3 The embodiment is described as follows. The embodiment is different from the specific implementation method one in that a shunt pipe 14 extending from the outlet to the inlet is connected at the central position in the primary air pipe 1. The shunt pipe 14 has the dense phase channel 3 formed inside. The dilute phase channel 4 is formed between the shunt pipe 14 and the primary air pipe 1. The flow guide 5 is located in the region between the shunt pipe 14 and the inlet in the primary air pipe 1. The biomass gas flow first enters the primary air pipe 1 and first contacts the flow guide 5. The flow guide 5 divides the biomass gas flow into a dense phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dense phase channel 3 and a dilute phase fuel gas flow flowing into the dilute phase channel 4. The concentration of the fuel is changed, so that the fuel concentration deviates from the optimal ignition temperature, the fuel ignition is delayed, and the phenomenon of nozzle 2 burning and coking due to too fast combustion speed is avoided. The other components and connection relationship are the same as those of the specific implementation method one.
[0032] Specific implementation method three: combined with Figure 1 , Figure 3The embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the inner side of the shunt pipe 14 is connected with a first annular plate 12 protruding inward, the inner diameter of the first annular plate 12 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the dense-phase fuel gas flow, and the first annular plate 12 can further compress the fuel concentration to make it deviate from the optimal ignition temperature. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the second embodiment.
[0033] The fourth embodiment is combined with the first embodiment. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 The embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the outer side of the shunt pipe 14 is connected with a second annular plate 13 protruding outward, the outer diameter of the second annular plate 13 gradually increases along the flow direction of the dilute-phase fuel gas flow, and the second annular plate 13 can further compress the fuel concentration to make it deviate from the optimal ignition temperature. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0034] The fifth embodiment is combined with the first embodiment. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 The embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the flow guide 5 includes a third annular plate with a gradually decreasing inner diameter along the flow direction of the biomass gas flow, the third annular plate has a gas flow passage 15 for guiding the biomass gas flow to the dilute-phase channel 4, most of the fuel passes through the third annular plate into the dense-phase channel 3, and a small part of the fuel passes through the gas flow passage 15 into the dilute-phase channel 4, thereby achieving the stratification of the fuel concentration. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0035] The sixth embodiment is combined with the fifth embodiment. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 The embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that the third annular plate has a plurality of spaced-apart third annular plates, the gas flow passage 15 is formed by the gap between adjacent two third annular plates, the gas flow passage 15 is annular in shape and has a larger area, so that the fuel passes through at a faster speed. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the fifth embodiment.
[0036] The seventh embodiment is combined with the first embodiment. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 The embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the nozzle 2 includes a first pipe body 16, a second pipe body 17, and a third pipe body 18 arranged from inside to outside, the first pipe body 16 forms a first channel 7 inside, the first pipe body 16 and the second pipe body 17 form a second channel 8 therebetween, and the second pipe body 17 and the third pipe body 18 form a third channel 9 therebetween. Different channels are used to receive different gas flows, thereby achieving the effect of stratified ejection. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of any one of the first to sixth embodiments.
[0037] Specific embodiment eight: combination Figure 1 , Figure 3 The difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment seven is that the first pipe body 16 is rotationally connected with the shunt pipeline 14 in the primary air pipe 1, and the third pipe body 18 is connected with the driving device, and the driving device (not shown in the figure) drives the nozzle 2 to swing. In this embodiment, the driving device can be a motor, the rotating shaft of which is connected with the third pipe body 18 through a connecting rod, and the nozzle 2 is driven to swing up and down by the rotation of the motor, so as to realize the effects of furnace flame center control, adjustment of the bottom smoke temperature, etc., improve the flexibility of the burner in the operation process, and make the biomass combustion device have stronger engineering applicability. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the specific embodiment seven.
[0038] Specific embodiment nine: combination Figure 1 , Figure 3 The difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment eight is that one end of the shunt pipeline 14 has a first arc surface 19 which is in sliding fit with the first pipe body 16, and one end of the primary air pipe 1 has a second arc surface 20 which is in sliding fit with the second pipe body 17. The arc surfaces can keep good sealing performance when the nozzle 2 rotates, and prevent the gas flow from mixing in advance. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the specific embodiment eight.
[0039] Specific embodiment ten: combination Figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 1 The difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment one is that the swing angle of the nozzle 2 is ±20°, and in this embodiment, the nozzle 2 swings up and down. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of any one of the specific embodiments one to six.
[0040] Working principle of this embodiment:
[0041] First, the biomass gas flow is input from the inlet of the primary pipeline, most of which is concentrated into the dense phase channel 3 by the flow guide 5 to form a dense phase fuel gas flow, and a small part of which escapes from the gas flow through port 15 into the dilute phase channel 4 to form a dilute phase fuel gas flow. The dense phase fuel gas flow and the dilute phase fuel gas flow continue to flow to the nozzle 2, mix with the hot air of the secondary air box 6, and then are sprayed out together, and then are burned.
[0042] The content of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and one or more specific embodiments can also achieve the purpose of the present application.
Claims
1. A novel biomass combustion device, characterized in that, include: A primary air duct (1) is provided, and an oscillating nozzle (2) is connected to the outlet of the primary air duct (1). Biomass gas flows in from the inlet of the primary air duct (1) and is ejected from the nozzle (2). The primary air duct (1) has a dense phase channel (3) and a light phase channel (4) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. A guide (5) is provided at the inlet of the primary air duct (1). Under the guidance of the guide (5), the biomass gas flow is divided into a dense phase fuel gas flow that flows into the dense phase channel (3) and a light phase fuel gas flow that flows into the light phase channel (4). A secondary air box (6) is fitted outside the primary air duct (1), and a hot air passage is formed between the secondary air box (6) and the primary air duct (1); The nozzle (2) has a first channel (7), a second channel (8) and a third channel (9) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The first channel (7) is connected to the dense phase channel (3), the second channel (8) is connected to the light phase channel (4), and the third channel (9) is connected to the hot air channel. The first channel (7) has a central flame-stabilizing tooth (10) at the center of its outlet, and the second channel (8) has annular flame-stabilizing teeth (11) distributed circumferentially on its inner wall at its outlet.
2. The novel biomass combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A diversion pipe (14) extending from the outlet to the inlet is connected to the center of the primary air duct (1). A dense phase channel (3) is formed inside the diversion pipe (14). A light phase channel (4) is formed between the diversion pipe (14) and the primary air duct (1). The guide (5) is located in the area between the diversion pipe (14) and the inlet in the primary air duct (1).
3. The novel biomass combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner side of the diversion pipe (14) is connected to an inwardly protruding first annular plate (12), the inner diameter of which gradually decreases along the flow direction of the dense phase fuel gas flow.
4. A novel biomass combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer side of the diversion pipe (14) is connected to a second annular plate (13) that protrudes outward. The outer diameter of the second annular plate (13) gradually increases along the flow direction of the light phase fuel gas flow.
5. A novel biomass combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guide (5) includes a third annular plate with an inner diameter that gradually decreases along the flow direction of the biomass gas flow, and the third annular plate has an airflow port (15) that directs the biomass gas flow to the light phase channel (4).
6. A novel biomass combustion device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third annular plate has multiple spaced-apart plates, and the air passage (15) is formed by the gap between two adjacent third annular plates.
7. A novel biomass combustion device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The nozzle (2) includes a first tube (16), a second tube (17) and a third tube (18) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. A first channel (7) is formed inside the first tube (16), a second channel (8) is formed between the first tube (16) and the second tube (17), and a third channel (9) is formed between the second tube (17) and the third tube (18).
8. A novel biomass combustion device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first pipe body (16) is rotatably connected to the diversion pipe (14) in the primary air duct (1), and the third pipe body (18) is connected to the driving device, which drives the nozzle (2) to swing.
9. A novel biomass combustion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end of the diversion pipe (14) has a first arc-shaped surface (19) that slides with the first pipe body (16), and one end of the primary air pipe (1) has a second arc-shaped surface (20) that slides with the second pipe body (17).
10. A novel biomass combustion device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The swing angle of the nozzle (2) is ±20°.