A method for creating a germplasm of Chinese kale with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds.
By hybridizing and continuously self-pollinating kale and fleshy-stemmed purple kale, a kale germplasm with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds was created, solving the problem of narrow kale germplasm resources and achieving the excellent characteristics of multiple harvests and high yield.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY SCIENCES
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
The existing germplasm resources for Chinese kale are limited and lack excellent traits, making it difficult to create new varieties with long, fleshy stems and many axillary buds.
By hybridizing kale and fleshy-stemmed purple Chinese kale, and selecting individual plants with specific traits for continuous self-pollination, a Chinese kale germplasm with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds was created.
It broadened the breeding materials for Chinese kale, provided excellent characteristics such as multiple harvests and high yields, expanded the germplasm resources of Chinese kale, and laid the foundation for the breeding of superior varieties.
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Figure CN121153588B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biotechnology and relates to a method for creating a germplasm of Chinese kale with long fleshy stems and multiple axillary buds. Background Technology
[0002] Chinese kale ( Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey (Brassica oleracea var. chinensis) is a variety of Brassica oleracea belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It is a specialty vegetable of my country and the only Brassica oleracea variety native to my country. Bailey is primarily eaten for its fleshy stems, or a combination of fleshy stems and tender leaves, or leaves, with most varieties using the fleshy stems and leaves as the edible parts. Bailey has a crisp, tender, and sweet texture and is rich in nutrients, with purple varieties being particularly rich in anthocyanins and other nutrients (Wang et al., 2017). Initially, bailey was mainly cultivated in South China, but in recent years it has been widely introduced and cultivated in northern regions such as Ningxia, Gansu, Henan, and Beijing, with the cultivation area increasing annually. Bailey products are also exported to Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe, and the United States. While bailey has a certain cultivation area in Southeast Asian countries, it is only commercially cultivated in small quantities in Europe and the United States.
[0003] With the deepening and expansion of research on Chinese kale breeding, especially the development of new hybrid varieties by seed companies in Japan and Thailand, such as 'Shunbao,' 'Lubao,' and 'Debao' bred by Musashino Seedling Co., Ltd. in Japan, these varieties were once best-sellers in my country, representing new multi-harvestable, cylindrical Chinese kale hybrid varieties. Consequently, some domestic research institutes and breeding companies have also begun breeding Chinese kale hybrid varieties. Research has found that as breeding materials become more homozygous, the number of hybrid combinations gradually increases. However, in the evaluation of Chinese kale combinations, some combinations show very poor superiority. Although many Chinese kale hybrids have different names, their traits are quite similar, their genetic distance is close, and the offspring of their separated parents do not show strong superiority. The genetic background of Chinese kale is relatively narrow (Zhang Deshuang et al., 2014). Therefore, it is urgent to introduce some superior traits to broaden its genetic background and lay the foundation for breeding superior Chinese kale varieties.
[0004] Germplasm resources are the core of breeding new Chinese kale varieties. Only by mastering the core germplasm of Chinese kale can we breed superior, novel, unique, and distinctive new varieties. Therefore, the creation and development of Chinese kale resources has always been the focus of breeders.
[0005] Mutation and artificial selection are important methods for creating new germplasm. The C genome of the cabbage species itself contains many types, such as head cabbage, cauliflower (green cauliflower, white cauliflower), kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Chinese kale, and collard kale. Except for Chinese kale, the other varieties of cabbage originated from the Mediterranean to the North Sea coast of Europe and have a cultivation history of thousands of years. Because the different varieties of cabbage and Chinese kale have very different origins and extremely rich and diverse ecological types, they have the advantage of being more distantly related. Therefore, hybridization between different varieties of cabbage and Chinese kale can expand the types of Chinese kale resources, solve the problem of narrow kinship among Chinese kale resources, and the new Chinese kale germplasm created using this method is more distantly related to the original Chinese kale materials in China, and their hybrid vigor is stronger. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The technical problem solved by this invention is how to obtain new Chinese kale germplasm, such as Chinese kale with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds.
[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for obtaining long, fleshy stems and multiple axillary buds in Chinese kale, comprising the following steps:
[0008] A1) Cross kale and broccoli with fleshy, purple, cylindrical stems to obtain the F1 hybrid generation;
[0009] A2) Self-pollinate the F1 generation plants to obtain the F2 generation;
[0010] A3) Select individual plants with purple leaves or veins from the F2 generation and perform continuous self-pollination to obtain homozygous lines, resulting in purple, fleshy stems and many axillary buds of Chinese kale.
[0011] Alternatively, select individual plants from the F2 generation that have no purple leaves or veins, and perform continuous self-pollination to obtain homozygous lines to obtain green, long, fleshy stems with many axillary buds;
[0012] The fleshy, purple, cylindrical Chinese kale was prepared according to a method comprising the following steps:
[0013] B1) Crossing purple kale with green kale, which has a cylindrical fleshy stem, yields the hybrid F1 generation;
[0014] B2) Self-pollinate the F1 generation plants to obtain the F2 generation;
[0015] B3) Select individual plants with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins from the F2 generation and continuously self-pollinate them to obtain homozygous lines, which are denoted as purple fleshy stem cylindrical Chinese kale.
[0016] In step A3 above, the absence of purple can be green.
[0017] In some embodiments, the kale described in A1) is Dongbao kale.
[0018] In some embodiments, the purple-stemmed, cylindrical kale described in A1) is purple kale.
[0019] In some embodiments, the green kale with a fleshy, cylindrical stem described in B1) is W3 kale.
[0020] In some embodiments, the purple kale described in B1) refers to kale with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins.
[0021] In some embodiments, the purple mustard described in B1) is purple mustard W1.
[0022] The purple kale W1 mentioned above was obtained by crossing purple cabbage and kale to obtain the F1 hybrid generation, and then using the kale as the recurrent parent to continuously backcross the F1 hybrid generation to obtain the backcross offspring BC. n F1. Select single Chinese kale plants with anthocyanin coloration in both leaf veins and leaves for self-pollination to obtain purple Chinese kale with excellent traits.
[0023] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing purple kale W1, the purple kale can be purple cabbage, and the kale can be Taiwanese-selected flowering kale.
[0024] In the method described above, in step A3), the continuous self-pollination of the purple long fleshy stem and multi-axillary bud Chinese kale is carried out by selecting single plants with purple leaves or veins from each self-pollination progeny as the parents for the next self-pollination.
[0025] In step A3), in the continuous self-pollination of the green, fleshy stems and multi-axillary buds of Chinese kale, the single plants with no purple leaves or veins selected from each self-pollination progeny are used as the parents for the next self-pollination.
[0026] In the method described above, in step A3), the continuous self-pollination to homozygous lines all refer to obtaining homozygous lines by self-pollination to the F6 generation.
[0027] In the method described above, in step B3), the single plant with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins selected from each self-pollination progeny is used as the parent for the next self-pollination.
[0028] In the method described above, in step B3), the continuous self-pollination to obtain homozygous lines means self-pollinating to the F6 generation to obtain homozygous lines.
[0029] In the above text, the long fleshy stem and many axillary buds kale refers to kale with a fleshy stem length and / or a number of axillary buds greater than that of the fleshy stem, which is purple and cylindrical.
[0030] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for obtaining purple, cylindrical, fleshy Chinese kale, comprising the following steps:
[0031] B1) Crossing purple kale with green kale, which has a cylindrical fleshy stem, yields the hybrid F1 generation;
[0032] B2) Self-pollinate the F1 generation plants to obtain the F2 generation;
[0033] B3) Select individual plants with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins from the F2 generation and continuously self-pollinate them to obtain homozygous lines, which are denoted as purple fleshy stem cylindrical Chinese kale.
[0034] In the method described above, in step B3), the single plant with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins selected from each self-pollination progeny is used as the parent for the next self-pollination.
[0035] In the method described above, in step B3), the continuous self-pollination to obtain homozygous lines means self-pollinating to the F6 generation to obtain homozygous lines.
[0036] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the purple and cylindrical succulent stem kale described in the first aspect in the creation of succulent kale germplasm with long succulent stems and many axillary buds;
[0037] Alternatively, the present invention provides the application of the fleshy, purple, and cylindrical kale and collard green described in the first aspect in the creation of kale germplasm with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds;
[0038] Alternatively, the present invention provides the application of the method described in the first aspect in the creation of Chinese kale germplasm with long, fleshy stems and many axillary buds.
[0039] This invention uses Chinese kale as the recipient material and crosses it with different varieties of cabbage, including purple cabbage and ornamental kale, as donor materials to obtain the F1 generation. The F1 generation is then backcrossed with recurrent Chinese kale parents. The F1 generation is self-pollinated to obtain the F2 generation. Superior individual plants are selected from the F2 generation and continuously self-pollinated to create new Chinese kale germplasm with different specific traits. This study proposes a new approach to Chinese kale germplasm creation, which not only broadens the breeding materials for Chinese kale but also lays a solid foundation for the breeding of new Chinese kale varieties.
[0040] The method of this invention creates a Chinese kale germplasm with long, fleshy stems and numerous axillary buds, exhibiting excellent characteristics of multiple harvests and high yields, laying the foundation for the breeding of new Chinese kale varieties with long, fleshy stems and numerous axillary buds. Long, fleshy stems and numerous axillary buds are important indicators of Chinese kale yield; longer harvested stems indicate higher yields. Strong axillary bud development ability and numerous axillary buds in Chinese kale varieties indicate that lateral or axillary buds can be harvested multiple times, increasing the yield of both the fleshy stems and axillary buds. Simultaneously, axillary buds combine tender stems and small leaves, offering nutritional quality and taste different from those of single-stem Chinese kale. Therefore, axillary buds represent a high-end consumption model for Chinese kale with broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description
[0041] Figure 1 Technical routes for Chinese kale 24M9-227, 24M9-228 and 24M9-229 with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds.
[0042] Figure 2 This is the result of the creation of purple.W3 Chinese kale.
[0043] Figure 3 For winter cabbage.
[0044] Figure 4 This is a new germplasm of purple, fleshy-stemmed Chinese kale (vegetative growth). Among them, A is the phenotype of plant 24M9-227, B is the phenotype of plant 24M9-228 (near) and 24M9-227 (far), and C is the phenotype of plant 24M9-228 (left) and 24M9-227 (right).
[0045] Figure 5 The images show new germplasm of green and purple long-stemmed kale (reproductive growth and fruiting); A shows the plant phenotype of the new purple long-stemmed kale germplasm 24M9-227; B shows the plant phenotypes of the new green and purple long-stemmed kale germplasm, with plant 24M9-229 (front), plant 24M9-228 (middle), and plant 24M9-227 (back); C shows the plant phenotypes of the new green and purple long-stemmed kale germplasm, with plant 24M9-229 (left), plant 24M9-228 (middle), and plant 24M9-227 (right).
[0046] Figure 6 The images show the morphology of axillary buds in new purple and green long-stemmed Chinese kale germplasm. A shows the phenotype of purple axillary buds in the new purple long-stemmed Chinese kale germplasm 24M9-228. B shows the morphology of purple axillary buds of various types and sizes in the new purple long-stemmed Chinese kale germplasm 24M9-227. C shows the morphology of green axillary buds in the new green long-stemmed Chinese kale germplasm 24M9-229. Detailed Implementation
[0047] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.
[0048] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.
[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the quantitative experiments in the following examples are all repeated three times, and the results are averaged.
[0050] The Chinese broccoli (hereinafter referred to as Chinese broccoli) selected by Taiwan is a product of Guangzhou Xingtian Seed Co., Ltd.
[0051] Purple cabbage Ziyang is a product of Dalian Mikodo International Seedling Co., Ltd., and will be referred to as Ziyang in the following text.
[0052] Example 1: Creation of Germplasm of Chinese Mustard Green with Long Fleshy Stems and Multiple Axillary Buds
[0053] The creation of long-stemmed and multi-axillary-bud Chinese kale germplasm was carried out in two stages: first, using Taiwan-selected Chinese kale, purple kale, and W3 (Jiaxinchneghai), the W1 strain and purple.W3 purple Chinese kale were created respectively; second, using Winterbor F1 and purple.W3 Chinese kale, long-stemmed and multi-axillary-bud Chinese kale germplasm were created. The technical route for the creation of long-stemmed and multi-axillary-bud Chinese kale germplasm is detailed below. Figure 1 .
[0054] I. Purple Chinese Mustard Greens W1 Strain
[0055] Purple Chinese kale W1 is described in authorized patent application ZL201510289698.8, and is obtained according to the method described in that patent application, as follows:
[0056] 1. Cross Ziyang (male parent) with Chinese kale (female parent), harvest the seeds, which are the F1 generation of the hybrid, named Ziyang-Chinese kale F1.
[0057] 2. Backcross Ziyang-Kale F1 (female parent) with Zhonghua Kailan (male parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC1F1.
[0058] 3. Backcross BC1F1 (mother parent) with anthocyanin-colored fleshy stems with Chinese kale (father parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC2F1.
[0059] 4. Backcross BC2F1 (mother parent) with anthocyanin-colored fleshy stems with Chinese kale (father parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC3F1.
[0060] 5. Backcross BC3F1 (mother parent) with anthocyanin-colored fleshy stems with Chinese kale (father parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC4F1.
[0061] 6. Backcross BC4F1 (mother parent) with anthocyanin-colored fleshy stems with Chinese kale (father parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC5F1.
[0062] 7. Backcross BC5F1 (mother parent) with anthocyanin-colored fleshy stems with Chinese kale (father parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC6F1.
[0063] 8. Backcross BC6F1 (mother parent) with anthocyanin-colored fleshy stems with Chinese kale (father parent) and harvest the seeds, which are BC7F1.
[0064] 9. Select individual Chinese kale plants with specific trait I from BC7F1, with these individual plants accounting for approximately 50% of the BC7F1 population.
[0065] 10. Take the individual plants that satisfy specific trait I obtained in step 9 and perform self-pollination on each plant. In the offspring of each self-pollinated individual plant, there will be individuals with specific trait II. Randomly select an individual with specific trait II from the offspring of a self-pollinated individual plant and name it Purple-medium-flowered Chinese kale; the self-pollinated offspring of this individual are named strain W1.
[0066] Characteristic I is: the fleshy stem, leaf veins and leaves all exhibit anthocyanin coloration.
[0067] Specific trait II is: the fleshy stems and leaf veins both exhibit anthocyanin coloration (or purple).
[0068] The presence and intensity of anthocyanin color development in succulent stems were evaluated according to the NYT_3435-2019 Guidelines for Testing Variety Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability of Chinese kale (http: / / www.nybkjfzzx.cn / RESOURCES / Files / NYT_3435-2019 Guidelines for Testing Variety Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability of Chinese kale.pdf).
[0069] II. Creation of Purple Mustard Purple.W3
[0070] W3 Chinese kale is a green Chinese kale with a cylindrical fleshy stem (i.e., the fleshy stem is of uniform thickness), specifically the fleshy stem diameter is about 2.45 cm.
[0071] W3 Chinese kale is documented in the following literature: see the article Ya-Qin Wang, Li-Ping Hu, Guang-Min Liu, De-Shuang Zhang and Hong-Ju He. Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Chinese Kale ( Brassica alboglabra Bailey) Using UHPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS / MS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules, 2017, 22, 1262; doi:10.3390 / molecules22081262, the name in the literature is Jiaxinchneghai.
[0072] 1. Cross the homozygous purple kale W1 (mother parent) obtained above with kale W3 (father parent), and harvest the seeds, which are the F1 generation of the hybrid;
[0073] 2. Self-pollinate the F1 generation to obtain the F2 generation. Select individual plants with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins from the F2 generation and continue self-pollinating until the F6 generation. Select individual plants with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins from each self-pollination generation as the parents for the next self-pollination.
[0074] Each self-pollinated F6 generation contains individuals with fleshy stems and purple leaf veins.
[0075] A randomly selected F6 offspring of a single self-pollinated plant with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins was named Purple Mustard Purple.W3. Figure 2 ).
[0076] The characteristics of Purple Chinese Mustard Greens Purple.W3 are: purple and cylindrical fleshy stems, specifically medium-thick fleshy stems (approximately 1.5-1.6 cm in diameter); both the fleshy stems and leaf veins are purple; new leaves are green; and older leaves are purple. The testing methods were based on NYT_3435-2019, the guidelines for testing plant variety specificity, uniformity, and stability in Chinese mustard greens.
[0077] The purple trait of Chinese kale can be used as a marker trait to remove typical hybrid plants in the selection of Chinese kale parents and varieties, thus assisting in the selection of Chinese kale varieties.
[0078] III. Creating new broccoli germplasm with long, fleshy stems and many axillary buds, based on kale and purple mustard greens.
[0079] 1. Create a new germplasm of Chinese kale with long, fleshy stems and many axillary buds.
[0080] Winter Blossom Kale is characterized by its many axillary buds.
[0081] 1) Green winter cabbage ( Figure 3 Using the above two prepared purple.W3 kale as the female parent and the above two prepared purple.W3 kale as the male parent, hybridization was carried out, and the seeds were harvested to obtain the hybrid F1 generation;
[0082] 2) Self-cross the F1 generation to obtain the F2 generation, and then perform the following steps:
[0083] Select individual plants with purple leaves or veins from the F2 generation, and through continuous self-pollination, obtain homozygous F6 generation. Select individual plants with purple leaves or veins from each self-pollination progeny as the parents for the next self-pollination.
[0084] Each self-pollinated F6 generation contains individuals with long, fleshy purple stems and numerous axillary buds.
[0085] Two individuals from the F6 generation of self-pollination of a single plant, exhibiting long, fleshy purple stems and numerous axillary buds, were randomly selected and named the new Chinese kale germplasm 24M9-227 and 24M9-228, respectively. Figure 4 and Figure 5 ).
[0086] Meanwhile: Select individual plants with no purple (green) leaves or veins from the F2 generation, and continuously self-pollinate to obtain homozygous F6 lines. Select individual plants with no purple (green) leaves or veins from each self-pollination progeny as the parents for the next self-pollination.
[0087] Each self-pollinated F6 generation contains individuals with long, fleshy green stems and multiple axillary buds.
[0088] One individual from the F6 generation of the self-pollinated single plant, exhibiting a long, fleshy green stem and numerous axillary buds, was randomly selected and named the new Chinese kale germplasm 24M9-229 (with a long, fleshy green stem and numerous axillary buds). Figure 5 ).
[0089] 2. Detection of traits in new Chinese kale germplasm
[0090] The aforementioned germplasms were directly sown on September 10th, and the seedlings were dug up on November 20th and transplanted into a greenhouse. The seedlings then proceeded through budding, flowering, and fruiting. Data was collected from June 30th to July 5th of the following year.
[0091] Count the average number of axillary buds and the average plant height of the three plants. Plant height refers to the maximum distance from the ground to the tip of the longest branch after the kale has set fruit.
[0092] The results showed that the new Chinese kale cultivars 24M9-227 and 24M9-228, with their purple, fleshy stems and numerous axillary buds, had purple-colored fleshy stems. The plant height of 24M9-227 reached 2.8 meters, while that of 24M9-228 was 2.37 meters. Furthermore, 24M9-227 had more than 60 axillary buds, and 24M9-228 had more than 50 axillary buds. After harvesting, the axillary buds could continue to regenerate new ones. Figure 6 A).
[0093] The new Chinese kale germplasm 24M9-229 has long, fleshy stems with many axillary buds. The fleshy stems are all green without any purple tinge. The plant height is 3.34 meters, and the number of axillary buds is more than 40, indicating that it is a long, fleshy stem germplasm.
[0094] The parent plant, Purple.W3 Chinese kale, has a plant height of 1.15 meters and 7.6 axillary buds.
[0095] Compared with purple.W3 kale, the new kale germplasms 24M9-227, 24M9-228 and 24M9-229 also have the ability to germinate multiple lateral buds. Figure 6 ).
[0096] The above results indicate that the Chinese kale germplasm with long fleshy stems and multiple axillary buds has excellent characteristics of multiple harvests and high yield, laying the foundation for the breeding of new Chinese kale varieties with long fleshy stems and multiple axillary buds.
[0097] The present invention has been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, the invention can be practiced in a wide range of ways with equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from its spirit and scope, and without requiring unnecessary experiments. Although specific embodiments have been given, it should be understood that further modifications can be made to the invention. In summary, according to the principles of the invention, this application is intended to include any changes, uses, or improvements to the invention, including changes made using conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed herein. Some of the essential features can be applied within the scope of the following appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for obtaining long, fleshy stems and numerous axillary buds of Chinese kale, comprising the following steps: A1) Cross kale with purplish-purple, cylindrical, fleshy stems (W3) to obtain the F1 hybrid generation; A2) Self-pollinate the F1 generation plants to obtain the F2 generation; A3) Select individual plants with purple leaves or veins from the F2 generation and perform continuous self-pollination to obtain homozygous lines, resulting in purple, fleshy stems and many axillary buds of Chinese kale. Alternatively, select individual plants from the F2 generation that have no purple leaves or veins, and perform continuous self-pollination to obtain homozygous lines to obtain green, long, fleshy stems with many axillary buds; The fleshy, purple, cylindrical mustard purple.W3 was prepared according to a method comprising the following steps: B1) Cross purple kale with green kale W3, which has a cylindrical fleshy stem, to obtain the hybrid F1 generation; B2) Self-pollinate the F1 generation plants to obtain the F2 generation; B3) Select individual plants with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins from the F2 generation and continuously self-pollinate them to obtain homozygous lines, resulting in individual plants with purple fleshy stems and leaf veins, denoted as purple-fleshed and cylindrical Chinese kale purple.W3.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A3), in the continuous self-pollination of the purple long fleshy stem and multi-axillary bud Chinese kale, the single plant with purple leaves or veins selected from each self-pollination progeny is used as the parent for the next self-pollination. In step A3), in the continuous self-pollination of the green, fleshy stems and multi-axillary buds of Chinese kale, the single plants with no purple leaves or veins selected from each self-pollination progeny are used as the parents for the next self-pollination.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step A3), the continuous self-pollination to homozygous lines all involve self-pollination to the F6 generation to obtain homozygous lines.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step B3), during the continuous self-pollination, the single plant with fleshy stems and purple leaf veins selected from each self-pollination progeny is used as the parent for the next self-pollination.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step B3), the continuous self-pollination to homozygous lines means self-pollinating to the F6 generation to obtain homozygous lines.
6. The application of the purple and cylindrical succulent stem kale (purple.W3) of any one of claims 1-5 in the creation of kale germplasm with long succulent stems and multiple axillary buds; Or the use of the fleshy, purple-stemmed, cylindrical kale purple.W3 and collard kale of any one of claims 1-5 in the creation of kale germplasm with long fleshy stems and many axillary buds; Or the application of the method described in any one of claims 1-5 in the creation of Chinese kale germplasm with long, fleshy stems and many axillary buds.