Five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and intelligent control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and an intelligent control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool, which comprises a fixed base and a separable base. A transverse sliding assembly is arranged on the fixed base, a height adjusting assembly is arranged on the transverse sliding assembly, an angle-oscillating oscillating polishing assembly is arranged on the height adjusting assembly, a longitudinal sliding block assembly is arranged on the separable base, a rotating assembly is arranged on the tooling mechanism, a self-adapting clamping assembly is arranged on the tooling mechanism, a guide groove connecting structure and a right-angle connecting assembly for assembling guide positioning are arranged between the fixed base and the transverse sliding assembly. The separable base is connected with the precision connecting structure, the sliding assembly protection and power transmission are optimized, multi-dimensional high-precision linkage machining is realized, and the equipment disassembly and assembly convenience and long-term use stability are simultaneously improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high-precision machining equipment, in particular to a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and an intelligent control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the requirements of manufacturing industry on part machining precision and complexity, five-axis linkage machine tools have become the core equipment for high-precision machining due to their multi-directional motion adjustment capability. However, the existing five-axis linkage machine tools still have many technical defects: firstly, most machine tool bases are designed in an integrated manner, which makes it difficult to disassemble and assemble when the workpiece fixing assembly needs to be replaced to adapt to different machining requirements, and it is difficult to ensure the positioning accuracy after reassembly; secondly, the sliding assembly usually adopts screw transmission, which is easily affected by wear and tear in terms of transmission precision, and lacks effective dust protection, so dust and debris are easy to enter the guide rail after long-term use, resulting in movement jamming and precision decline; thirdly, the workpiece clamping assembly is difficult to adapt to irregular parts with irregular walls, and the single contact point and uneven stress during clamping may cause the workpiece to loosen or deform; fourthly, the swing polishing assembly of some machine tools has a complex structure and low angle adjustment precision, which cannot meet the stringent requirements of high-precision machining on polishing angle; fifthly, there is a lack of intelligent control method adapted to the structure of the machine tool, and manual intervention is required to adjust parameters during machining, which makes it difficult to achieve automatic and high-precision linkage machining.

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, there is an urgent need to develop a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool with a separable base, good protection of the sliding assembly, strong clamping adaptability, high swing precision and intelligent control function, in order to meet the high-precision machining requirements of complex parts.

[0004] Therefore, the existing high-precision machining equipment technology needs to be further improved. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and an intelligent control method thereof, which realizes stable clamping of irregular parts and multi-dimensional high-precision linkage machining by designing a separable base and a precise connection structure, optimizing the protection and power transmission of the sliding assembly, innovating the self-adaptive clamping and swing polishing structure, and matching the intelligent control method, while improving the convenience of disassembly and assembly and the stability during long-term use.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following scheme:

[0007] The utility model provides a kind of five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool, including fixed base and separable base, the fixed base is provided with transverse sliding assembly, the transverse sliding assembly is provided with height adjustment assembly, the height adjustment assembly is provided with swing polishing assembly that can swing, the separable base is provided with longitudinal slider assembly, the longitudinal slider assembly is provided with rotating assembly, the rotating assembly is provided with tooling mechanism, the tooling mechanism is provided with self-adapting clamping assembly, the fixed base and the transverse sliding assembly between are provided with guide groove connecting structure and right-angle connecting component for assembling guiding positioning;

[0008] The transverse sliding assembly and the longitudinal slider assembly are linear motors as output power;

[0009] The height adjustment assembly adopts linear electric cylinder as output power.

[0010] Further, the swing polishing assembly includes up-down swing mechanism, the up-down swing mechanism is provided with polishing assembly, and the swing angle of the up-down swing mechanism is plus or minus 16 °.

[0011] Further, the swing polishing assembly includes fixed shaft provided on the height adjustment assembly, the fixed shaft is hinged with swing polishing structure, the height adjustment assembly is wrapped outside the fixed shaft and is provided with rotating ring assembly, the rotating ring assembly is provided with telescopic mechanism deviated from the center position of the rotating ring assembly, and the output end of the telescopic mechanism is hinged with connecting rod structure between the side wall of the swing polishing structure.

[0012] Further, the self-adapting clamping assembly includes tooling base, the tooling base is provided with a plurality of clamping jaws uniformly distributed around the center of the tooling base, the clamping jaws are hinged with C-shaped clamping parts, and the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part protrudes smaller than the lower end.

[0013] Further, the guide groove connecting structure includes transverse guide groove provided on one side of the fixed base, the outer edge of the transverse guide groove is provided with arc wall, one end of the transverse guide groove is provided with pulley inlet, the arc wall gradually offsets inward from one end of the pulley inlet to the other end of the transverse guide groove, the separable base is provided with positioning wheel, the positioning wheel can enter from one side of the fixed base to the pulley inlet, and the positioning wheel is gradually compressed by the arc wall, so that the fixed base and the separable base are gradually tightened and positioned.

[0014] Further, the right-angle connecting assembly comprises an inner right-angle connecting piece arranged on one side of the fixed base, and the separable base is arranged with an outer right-angle connecting piece on the side close to the inner right-angle connecting piece, the outer right-angle connecting piece is attached to the surface of the inner right-angle connecting piece, thereby realizing the connection and positioning of the fixed base and the separable base, and connecting screws are arranged on the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the outer right-angle connecting piece and the inner right-angle connecting piece.

[0015] Further, the linear guide rail of the transverse sliding assembly is externally sleeved with a U-shaped dust cover, the two ends of the U-shaped dust cover are fixedly connected with the sliding block of the transverse sliding assembly and the fixed base respectively, and a felt sealing strip is attached to the inner side wall of the U-shaped dust cover, and the felt sealing strip is attached to the surface of the guide rail.

[0016] Further, the clamping end of the C-shaped clamping part is detachably sleeved with a rubber clamping pad, the surface of the rubber clamping pad is provided with anti-skid convex points, and the rubber clamping pad is fixedly connected with the C-shaped clamping part through buckling.

[0017] Further, the sliding block of the longitudinal sliding block assembly is provided with a lightening groove, and a honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib is embedded in the lightening groove, the honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib is integrally formed with the sliding block of the longitudinal sliding block assembly, and a metal dustproof net covers the opening end of the lightening groove.

[0018] An intelligent control method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] Start-up control: after the intelligent controller receives the machining instructions, the transverse sliding assembly, the height adjusting assembly on the fixed base and the longitudinal sliding block assembly on the separable base are driven to reset to the initial position, and the rotating assembly is controlled to drive the tooling mechanism to rotate to the workpiece clamping angle;

[0020] Self-adaptive clamping control: the intelligent controller drives the clamping jaws of the self-adaptive clamping assembly to move synchronously according to the workpiece size parameters until the C-shaped clamping part contacts the workpiece, the clamping force is fed back through the pressure sensor, and when the clamping force reaches the preset threshold value, the clamping jaws stop moving;

[0021] Linkage machining control: the intelligent controller synchronously controls the X-axis movement of the transverse sliding assembly, the Y-axis movement of the longitudinal sliding block assembly and the Z-axis lifting of the height adjusting assembly according to the machining path, and controls the swing polishing assembly to swing according to the preset trajectory and the rotating assembly to drive the workpiece to rotate, thereby realizing five-axis linkage polishing;

[0022] Precision monitoring control: during the machining process, the intelligent controller collects the displacement data of the transverse sliding assembly and the longitudinal sliding block assembly in real time through the grating ruler, collects the swing angle of the swing polishing assembly through the angle sensor, and when the data deviates from the preset value, the corresponding component movement parameters are automatically adjusted until the precision is restored.

[0023] In summary, the present application has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0024] The present application solves the problems existing in the prior art in the technical field of high-precision machining equipment. Through the structural arrangement of the present application, the following advantages are achieved: the cooperation of the guide groove connecting structure and the right-angle connecting assembly can realize the quick disassembly and precise assembly of the fixed base and the separable base, and when replacing the workpiece fixing assembly, the overall adjustment of the machine tool is not needed, greatly improving the adaptability and machining efficiency. The linear motor is used to drive the transverse sliding assembly and the longitudinal sliding block assembly, and the positioning accuracy is high; the asymmetric structure of the C-shaped clamping part and the detachable rubber clamping pad can realize the double-point stable clamping of irregular parts on the peripheral wall, the precise swinging of the swinging polishing assembly, and the cooperation with intelligent control, which can cover the multi-directional polishing needs of complex parts, ensuring that there is no dead angle in polishing. The matching intelligent control method realizes the whole-process automation of starting reset, self-adaptive clamping, five-axis linkage machining and precision automatic correction, reduces manual intervention, and improves the machining efficiency and precision stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a front view of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is one of the perspective views of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is the second perspective view of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a base connection schematic view of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 is a base connection sectional view of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 is a tooling structure schematic view of the present application

[0031] Figure 7 is a universal swinging polishing wheel structure schematic view of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1-7The application provides a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool, which comprises a fixed base 1 and a separable base 2, the fixed base 1 is provided with a transverse sliding assembly 3, the transverse sliding assembly 3 is provided with a height adjusting assembly 4, the height adjusting assembly 4 is provided with a swing polishing assembly 5 capable of swinging at an angle, the separable base 2 is provided with a longitudinal sliding block assembly 11, the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11 is provided with a rotating assembly 6, the rotating assembly 6 is provided with a tooling mechanism 7, the tooling mechanism 7 is provided with a self-adaptive clamping assembly 10, and a guide groove connecting structure 8 and a right-angle connecting assembly 9 for assembling and guiding positioning are arranged between the fixed base 1 and the transverse sliding assembly 3.

[0034] The transverse sliding assembly 3 and the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11 are linear motors as output power.

[0035] The height adjusting assembly 4 adopts a linear electric cylinder as output power.

[0036] The swing polishing assembly 5 comprises an up-down swing mechanism 5010, the up-down swing mechanism 5010 is provided with a polishing assembly 5020, and the swing angle of the up-down swing mechanism 5010 is plus or minus 16°.

[0037] Base assembly positioning: the positioning wheel 804 of the separable base 2 enters the pulley inlet 803 of the transverse guide groove 801 of the fixed base 1, slides along the arc-shaped wall 802 and is gradually compressed, preliminary tensioning of the two bases is realized, then the inner right-angle connecting piece 901 and the outer right-angle connecting piece 902 are attached, a connecting screw is screwed in to complete fixing, and the stability of the base is ensured.

[0038] Power driving and basic movement: the transverse sliding assembly 3 is driven by a linear motor to drive the height adjusting assembly 4 and the swing polishing assembly 5 to move along the X axis; the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11 is driven by a linear motor to drive the rotating assembly 6 and the tooling mechanism 7 to move along the Y axis; the height adjusting assembly 4 is driven by a linear cylinder to drive the swing polishing assembly 5 to ascend and descend along the Z axis, thereby providing a three-direction linear motion basis for machining.

[0039] Swing polishing and workpiece clamping: the swing polishing assembly 5 can realize angle adjustment through two structures, that is, the polishing assembly 5020 is driven by the up-down swing mechanism 5010 to swing by plus or minus 16°, or the swing polishing structure 502 is driven by the telescopic mechanism 504 on the rotating ring assembly 503 to swing around the fixed shaft 501 through the connecting rod structure 505; the clamping jaws 102 of the self-adaptive clamping assembly 10 move synchronously, the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part 103 is smaller than the lower end in the extension size, after the lower end contacts the workpiece, the lower end moves backward to drive the upper end to move forward, thereby forming double-point stable clamping.

[0040] Five-axis linkage and intelligent machining: the intelligent controller drives the X-axis of the transverse sliding assembly 3, the Y-axis of the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11, the Z-axis of the height adjusting assembly 4, the angle swing of the swing polishing assembly 5, and the workpiece rotation of the rotating assembly 6 five-axis linkage, and polishes according to the preset path; at the same time, the displacement data is collected through the grating ruler, the swing angle is collected through the angle sensor, the component parameters are automatically adjusted when the data deviates from the preset value, and the machining precision is ensured.

[0041] The swing polishing assembly 5 comprises a fixed shaft 501 arranged on the height adjusting assembly 4, a swing polishing structure 502 hinged on the fixed shaft 501, a rotating ring assembly 503 arranged on the outer side of the fixed shaft 501, a telescopic mechanism 504 arranged offset from the center of the rotating ring assembly 503, and a connecting rod structure 505 hinged between the output end of the telescopic mechanism 504 and the side wall of the swing polishing structure 502.

[0042] The adaptive clamping assembly 10 comprises a tool base 101, a plurality of clamping jaws 102 arranged around the center of the tool base 101, a C-shaped clamping part 103 hinged on the clamping jaw 102, and the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part 103 extending smaller than the lower end.

[0043] The guide groove connecting structure 8 comprises a transverse guide groove 801 arranged on one side of the fixed base 1, an arc-shaped wall 802 arranged on the outer edge of the transverse guide groove 801, a pulley inlet 803 arranged at one end of the transverse guide groove 801, and a positioning wheel 804 arranged on the separable base 2.

[0044] The right-angle connecting assembly 9 comprises an inner right-angle connecting piece 901 arranged on one side of the fixed base 1, an outer right-angle connecting piece 902 arranged on the side close to the inner right-angle connecting piece 901 of the separable base 2, and connecting screws arranged on the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the outer right-angle connecting piece 902 and the inner right-angle connecting piece 901.

[0045] The linear guide rail of the transverse sliding assembly 3 is externally sleeved with a U-shaped dust cover, both ends of the U-shaped dust cover are fixedly connected with the sliding block of the transverse sliding assembly 3 and the fixed base 1, and a felt sealing strip is attached to the inner wall of the U-shaped dust cover and is attached to the surface of the guide rail.

[0046] The clamping end of the C-shaped clamping part 103 is detachably sleeved with a rubber clamping pad, the surface of the rubber clamping pad is provided with anti-skid convex points, and the rubber clamping pad is fixedly connected with the C-shaped clamping part 103 through buckling.

[0047] The sliding block of the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11 is provided with a lightening groove, and the lightening groove is embedded with a honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib, the honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib is integrally formed with the sliding block of the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11, and the opening end of the lightening groove is covered with a metal dust screen.

[0048] An intelligent control method, the method comprises the following steps:

[0049] Start control: after the intelligent controller receives the machining instruction, the transverse sliding assembly 3, the height adjusting assembly 4 on the fixed base 1 and the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11 on the separable base 2 are driven to reset to the initial position, and the rotating assembly 6 drives the tool mechanism 7 to rotate to the workpiece clamping angle;

[0050] Adaptive clamping control: the intelligent controller drives the clamping jaw 102 of the adaptive clamping assembly 10 to move synchronously according to the workpiece size parameter, until the C-shaped clamping part 103 contacts with the workpiece, the clamping force is fed back through the pressure sensor, when the clamping force reaches the preset threshold value, the clamping jaw 102 stops moving;

[0051] Linkage machining control: the intelligent controller synchronously controls the X-axis movement of the transverse sliding assembly 3, the Y-axis movement of the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11, the Z-axis lifting of the height adjusting assembly 4 according to the machining path, and controls the swing polishing assembly 5 to swing according to the preset track, and the rotating assembly 6 drives the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize five-axis linkage polishing;

[0052] Precision monitoring control: during the machining process, the intelligent controller collects the displacement data of the transverse sliding assembly 3 and the longitudinal sliding block assembly 11 in real time through the grating ruler, and collects the swing angle of the swing polishing assembly 5 through the angle sensor, when the data deviates from the preset value, the corresponding component motion parameters are automatically adjusted until the precision is restored.

[0053] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application, and various changes and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool, characterized in that: The assembly includes a fixed base (1) and a separable base (2). The fixed base (1) is provided with a horizontal sliding component (3), the horizontal sliding component (3) is provided with a height adjustment component (4), the height adjustment component (4) is provided with a swing grinding component (5) capable of angular swinging, the separable base (2) is provided with a vertical slider component (11), the vertical slider component (11) is provided with a rotating component (6), the rotating component (6) is provided with a tooling mechanism (7), the tooling mechanism (7) is provided with an adaptive clamping component (10), and a guide groove connection structure (8) and a right angle connection component (9) for assembly guidance and positioning are provided between the fixed base (1) and the separable base (2). The lateral sliding assembly (3) and the longitudinal slider assembly (11) are powered by linear motors. The height adjustment component (4) uses a linear electric cylinder as the output power; The swing polishing assembly (5) includes a swing mechanism (5010), on which a polishing assembly (5020) is provided, and the swing angle of the swing mechanism (5010) is ±16°. The up-and-down swing mechanism (5010) includes a fixed shaft (501) disposed on the height adjustment assembly (4), a swing grinding structure (502) hinged on the fixed shaft (501), a rotating ring assembly (503) disposed on the outside of the fixed shaft (501) on the height adjustment assembly (4), a telescopic mechanism (504) disposed on the rotating ring assembly (503) offset from the center of the rotating ring assembly (503), and a connecting rod structure (505) hinged between the output end of the telescopic mechanism (504) and the side wall of the swing grinding structure (502). The guide groove connection structure (8) includes a transverse guide groove (801) disposed on one side of the fixed base (1). An arc-shaped wall (802) is provided on the outer edge of the transverse guide groove (801). A pulley inlet (803) is provided at one end of the transverse guide groove (801). The arc-shaped wall (802) gradually shifts inward from one end of the pulley inlet (803) along the other end of the transverse guide groove (801). A positioning wheel (804) is provided on the separable base (2). The adaptive clamping assembly (10) includes a tooling base (101), on which a plurality of clamping jaws (102) are evenly distributed around the center of the tooling base (101). A C-shaped clamping part (103) is hinged to the clamping jaw (102), and the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part (103) extends smaller than the lower end.

2. The five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right-angle connecting assembly (9) includes an inner right-angle connector (901) disposed on one side of the fixed base (1), and an outer right-angle connector (902) disposed on the side of the separable base (2) near the inner right-angle connector (901). The outer right-angle connector (902) is attached to the surface of the inner right-angle connector (901) to realize the connection and positioning of the fixed base (1) and the separable base (2). Connecting screws are disposed on the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the outer right-angle connector (902) and the inner right-angle connector (901).

3. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linear guide rail of the transverse sliding component (3) is fitted with a U-shaped dust cover. The two ends of the U-shaped dust cover are fixedly connected to the slider of the transverse sliding component (3) and the fixed base (1) respectively. The inner wall of the U-shaped dust cover is pasted with a felt sealing strip, which is in contact with the surface of the guide rail.

4. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping end of the C-shaped clamping part (103) is detachably fitted with a rubber clamping pad. The surface of the rubber clamping pad is provided with anti-slip protrusions, and the rubber clamping pad is snapped and fixed to the C-shaped clamping part (103) by a buckle.

5. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slider of the longitudinal slider assembly (11) has a weight-reducing groove, and a honeycomb reinforcing rib is embedded in the weight-reducing groove. The honeycomb reinforcing rib is integrally formed with the slider of the longitudinal slider assembly (11), and the opening end of the weight-reducing groove is covered with a metal dustproof mesh.

6. An intelligent control method, applied to the five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Start-up control: After receiving the processing command, the intelligent controller drives the horizontal sliding component (3), the height adjustment component (4) on the fixed base (1) and the vertical slider component (11) on the separable base (2) to reset to the initial position, and at the same time controls the rotating component (6) to drive the tooling mechanism (7) to rotate to the workpiece clamping angle. Adaptive clamping control: The intelligent controller drives the gripper (102) of the adaptive clamping component (10) to move synchronously according to the workpiece size parameters until the C-type clamping part (103) contacts the workpiece. The clamping force is fed back through the pressure sensor. When the clamping force reaches the preset threshold, the gripper (102) stops moving. Linked processing control: The intelligent controller synchronously controls the X-axis movement of the transverse sliding component (3), the Y-axis movement of the longitudinal sliding component (11), and the Z-axis lifting of the height adjustment component (4) according to the processing path. At the same time, it controls the swing grinding component (5) to swing along the preset trajectory and the rotation component (6) to drive the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize five-axis linkage grinding. Precision monitoring and control: During the processing, the intelligent controller collects the displacement data of the horizontal sliding component (3) and the vertical slider component (11) in real time through the grating ruler, and collects the swing angle of the swing grinding component (5) through the angle sensor. When the data deviates from the preset value, the corresponding component motion parameters are automatically adjusted until the accuracy is restored.

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