Automatic protection device and method for oil pumping equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil pumping units, in particular to an automatic protection device and method for oil pumping equipment, and aims to solve the problems that the oil pumping unit cannot be shut down in time when a rod clamping fault occurs, is easy to damage and is long in shutdown maintenance time. The device comprises a jacking module and a shutdown module, the jacking module comprises a beam hanger, a centralizer and a lifting mechanism; the beam hanger is sleeved with the lower part of the polished rod; the centralizer is fixedly connected with the upper part of the polish rod through a square clip; the lower part of the lifting mechanism is in threaded connection with the beam hanger; the upper portion of the lifting mechanism abuts against the lower portion of the centralizer. The shutdown module comprises a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit; the jacking module is at least provided with two lifting mechanisms; when a rod clamping fault occurs, the lifting mechanism can move upwards in the vertical direction, the distance between the beam hanger and the centralizer is increased, and the signal transmitting unit sends a signal to the signal receiving unit to control the motor to stop, so that potential safety hazards are eliminated quickly, and faults are removed in time to recover production.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pumping unit, in particular to a pumping unit automatic protection device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the production process of pumping unit well, the load sensor is installed between the rope hanger and the centralizer of the pumping unit, which can accurately measure the load and displacement of the suspension point. It is widely used in pumping units to measure the load change of the suspension point during oil production, so as to analyze the working condition of the downhole deep well pump and oil pipe according to the load change data of the suspension point. When the load sensor is installed, the polished rod of the pumping unit is inserted into the rope hanger, load sensor, centralizer and square clamp (the square clamp prevents the polished rod from falling off) from bottom to top. However, the polished rod and the rope hanger have different down speeds during oil production due to the influence of sand production, wax deposition and thick oil, which is commonly known as "rod sticking failure". The distance between the square clamp and the rope hanger causes the collision between the square clamp and the centralizer and the load sensor, and the impact caused by the collision is easy to cause damage to the load sensor. At this time, the pumping unit is still running, and the square clamp and the centralizer continue to collide, which is easy to cause the polished rod to break off, bend or hair braid to break off, and the well needs to be shut down for treatment, as well as the replacement of the polished rod and the load sensor, which not only affects the oil well production, but also increases the equipment maintenance cost.

[0003] However, the existing protection device has the problem of signal delay, and there is still a period of time between the collision and the shutdown of the motor, which cannot completely eliminate the damage of the equipment. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a pumping unit automatic protection device and method to alleviate the problems of not stopping in time, easy to damage and long maintenance time when the pumping unit occurs rod sticking failure.

[0005] In order to alleviate the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a pumping unit automatic protection device and method, which comprises a jacking module and a shutdown module.

[0007] The jacking module comprises a rope hanger, a centralizer and a lifting mechanism.

[0008] The rope hanger is connected with the lower part of the polished rod.

[0009] The centralizer is fixedly connected with the upper part of the polished rod through the square clamp.

[0010] The lower part of the lifting mechanism is threadedly connected with the rope hanger.

[0011] The upper part of the lifting mechanism abuts against the lower part of the centralizer.

[0012] The shutdown module includes a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit;

[0013] The lifting module is equipped with at least two lifting mechanisms;

[0014] When a pole jamming failure occurs, the lifting mechanism can move vertically upwards, increasing the distance between the suspension rope device and the centralizer. The signal transmitting unit sends a signal to the signal receiving unit to control the motor to stop.

[0015] Furthermore,

[0016] The lifting mechanism includes a push rod, a protective sleeve, and pads;

[0017] The push rod is inserted into the upper part of the casing;

[0018] A first spring is installed between the push rod and the casing;

[0019] A groove is provided on the side of the shim away from the shaft center of the casing;

[0020] Two pads are inserted into the two ends of the through hole and abut against the push rod; a second spring is installed inside the through hole;

[0021] The second spring is a ring structure with its ends connected, and the second spring abuts against the two slots respectively;

[0022] The lower part of the casing is threadedly connected to the suspension rope device.

[0023] Furthermore,

[0024] The top part of the push rod has a cone-shaped head;

[0025] The tip of the cone abuts against the lower part of the stabilizer;

[0026] The flat end of the cone abuts against the first spring.

[0027] Furthermore,

[0028] The first spring is a compression spring, which always has the ability to drive the push rod to move upward.

[0029] Furthermore,

[0030] The second spring is a constricting spring, which always has the ability to drive the pad to move in the direction of the push rod.

[0031] Furthermore,

[0032] When a lever jamming failure occurs, the lifting mechanism will perform a lifting action;

[0033] During the lifting action, the suspension rope causes the casing to move downwards, the first spring drives the top rod to move upwards, and the second spring drives the pad to move towards the axis of the casing.

[0034] Furthermore,

[0035] The signal transmitting unit includes a trigger plate, a limit switch, and a signal transmitter;

[0036] The trigger plate is fixedly connected to the centralizer;

[0037] The limit switch is fixedly connected to the suspension device;

[0038] The limit switch's travel end abuts against the trigger plate, and the limit switch's internal contacts are electrically connected to the signal transmitter.

[0039] Furthermore,

[0040] The signal receiving unit includes a signal receiver and a relay;

[0041] The relay coil is connected to the signal receiver, and the relay contacts are connected to the motor control unit.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this invention are analyzed as follows:

[0043] When a pole jamming failure occurs, the lifting mechanism can promptly increase the relative distance between the suspension rope device and the stabilizer, ensuring that protected components such as the load sensor are not impacted during the collision. Furthermore, as the suspension rope device and the stabilizer separate, the signal transmitting unit can promptly send a stop signal to control the motor to stop, thereby quickly eliminating safety hazards and promptly restoring production. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or related technologies of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the automatic protection device;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of an automatic protection device;

[0047] Figure 3 This is an axonometric schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the casing from the axial side.

[0049] Figure 5 This is an axonometric schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the second spring and the pad.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the signal receiving unit.

[0051] icon:

[0052] 110-Suspension rope device; 120-Centering device; 130-Lifting mechanism; 131-Top rod; 132-Cylinder; 133-Stabilizer; 134-First spring; 135-Slot; 136-Conical head; 137-Through hole; 138-Second spring;

[0053] 210 - Signal transmitting unit; 211 - Trigger plate; 212 - Limit switch; 213 - Signal transmitter; 220 - Signal receiving unit; 221 - Signal receiver; 222 - Relay; 230 - Motor control unit;

[0054] 300-Smooth Rod. Detailed Implementation

[0055] During oil production, factors such as sand production, wax deposition, and oil viscosity can cause discrepancies between the downward speed of the polished rod and the downward speed of the suspension cable (often referred to as "rod clamp failure"). This creates a distance between the square clamp and the suspension cable, leading to collisions between the square clamp and the centralizer and load sensor. The impact of these collisions can easily damage the load sensor. If the pumping unit is still running, the square clamp continues to collide with the centralizer, which can easily cause the polished rod to break, bend, or the braid to break or come off. This requires shutting down the well for repairs and replacing the polished rod and load sensor, which not only affects oil well production but also increases equipment maintenance costs.

[0056] However, existing protection devices have the problem of signal delay, with a period of time between the impact and the motor stopping, which cannot completely eliminate the risk of equipment damage, and there is no buffer to reduce the degree of impact when it occurs.

[0057] In view of this, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this solution provides an automatic protection device and method for oil pumping equipment, including a lifting module and a shutdown module;

[0058] The lifting module includes a suspension rope device 110, a stabilizer 120, and a lifting mechanism 130;

[0059] The suspension device 110 is sleeved with the lower part of the smooth rod 300;

[0060] The stabilizer 120 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the guide rod 300 by a square clip;

[0061] The lower part of the lifting mechanism 130 is threadedly connected to the suspension cable 110;

[0062] The upper part of the lifting mechanism 130 abuts against the lower part of the centralizer 120;

[0063] The shutdown module 200 includes a signal transmitting unit 210 and a signal receiving unit 220;

[0064] The lifting module is equipped with at least two lifting mechanisms 130;

[0065] When a pole jamming failure occurs, the lifting mechanism 130 can move upward in the vertical direction, increasing the distance between the suspension rope device 110 and the stabilizer 120, and the signal transmitting unit 210 sends a signal to the signal receiving unit 220 to control the motor to stop.

[0066] Specifically, the protected components such as load sensors are located on the side wall of the smooth rod 300 between the suspension rope device 110 and the centralizer 120 and move accordingly. When a rod jamming failure occurs, the lifting module and the shutdown module in this solution work simultaneously. The lifting mechanism 130 moves upward to increase the distance between the suspension rope device 110 and the centralizer 120, avoiding frequent oscillations that could damage the protected components such as load sensors. In addition, the shutdown module can promptly control the motor to stop the pumping unit, thereby quickly eliminating potential faults.

[0067] Regarding the shape and structure of the lifting mechanism 130, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown:

[0068] The lifting mechanism 130 includes a top rod 131, a protective sleeve 132, and a pad 133;

[0069] The push rod 131 is inserted into the upper part of the casing 132;

[0070] A first spring 134 is provided between the push rod 131 and the protective sleeve 132;

[0071] A slot 135 is provided on the side of the pad 133 away from the axis of the sleeve 132;

[0072] Two pads 135 are respectively inserted into the two ends of the through hole 137 and abut against the push rod 131;

[0073] A second spring 138 is provided inside the through hole 137;

[0074] The second spring 138 is a ring structure with its ends connected, and the second spring abuts against the two slots 135 respectively.

[0075] The lower part of the casing 132 is threadedly connected to the suspension rope device 110;

[0076] The top rod 131 has a cone head 136 on its upper part;

[0077] The tip of the cone 136 abuts against the lower part of the stabilizer 120;

[0078] The flat end of the cone 136 abuts against the first spring 134;

[0079] The first spring 134 is a compression spring, which always has the ability to drive the push rod 131 to move upward;

[0080] The second spring 138 is a constricting spring, which always has the ability to drive the pad 133 to move in the direction of the push rod 131.

[0081] Specifically, a steel wire rope is installed on each side of the bare rod 300, and a lifting mechanism 130 is installed on the side of each steel wire rope away from the bare rod 300; the upper part of the protective sleeve 132 has a sleeve that fits into the top rod 131, and the lower part of the protective sleeve 132 is provided with a screw, which is installed in the suspension rope device 110 by means of a threaded connection, and the sleeve part of the protective sleeve 132 is completely inside the suspension rope device 110; the shape and structure of the second spring 138 are as follows Figure 5 As shown, the inner walls of the second spring 138 are embedded in the slots 135 at both ends and are stretched and expanded in the initial state. When a rod jamming failure occurs, the suspension rope device 110 will continue to move downward. At this time, the load on the centralizer 120 disappears. The first spring 134 will drive the top rod 131 to move upward through the flat end of the cone head 136. When the lowermost end of the top rod 131 moves to the upper end of the through hole 137 of the protective cylinder 132, the second spring 138 will contract and drive the two pads 133 to move towards the axis of the protective cylinder 132, so that the top rod 131 cannot reset itself. More preferably, the first spring 134 can be a high-strength spring, so that the distance that the first spring 134 drives the top rod 131 to rise is much greater than the distance from the through hole 137 of the protective cylinder 132 to the reset point of the top rod 131. This allows the first spring 134 to provide a certain buffer during vibration, reducing the impact of vibration on the overall equipment. The cone head 136 can also be made of elastic material to further reduce the damage from collision.

[0082] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown:

[0083] The signal transmitting unit 210 includes a trigger plate 211, a limit switch 212, and a signal transmitter 213;

[0084] The trigger plate 211 is fixedly connected to the centralizer 120;

[0085] Limit switch 212 is fixedly connected to suspension device 110;

[0086] The travel end of the limit switch 212 abuts against the trigger plate 211, and the internal contacts of the limit switch 212 are electrically connected to the signal transmitter 213;

[0087] The signal receiving unit 220 includes a signal receiver 221 and a relay 222;

[0088] The coil of relay 222 is connected to the signal receiver, and the contacts of the relay are connected to the motor control unit 230.

[0089] Specifically, when a pole jamming failure occurs, the suspension device 110 moves downward, causing the trigger plate 211 to move away from the limit switch 212, thus connecting the circuit inside the limit switch 212 and sending a signal outward through the signal generator 213. The signal receiving unit 220 is located in the electrical control cabinet and is connected to the motor control unit 230 through the relay 222. When the signal receiving unit 220 receives the signal, it can promptly control the relay 222 to cut off the circuit of the motor control unit 230, causing the motor to stop working.

[0090] The method for resetting this device is as follows:

[0091] Install the square clamp on the blowout preventer box at the wellhead, rotate the machine and pull the brake to unload the load on the centralizer 120, then move the shim 133 outward, reset the push rod 131, release the brake, engage the load and press down on the centralizer 120 so that the lower part of the centralizer abuts against the push rod 131, and reset the limit switch 212. After restarting the electrical control cabinet, the start-up preparation state can be restored.

[0092] This solution has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0093] When a lever jamming failure occurs, the first spring 134 will lift the top rod 131, increasing the relative distance between the suspension rope device 110 and the centralizer 120. The shim 133 prevents the top rod 131 from resetting after a collision, ensuring that protected components such as the load sensor are not impacted during the collision. Simultaneously, as the suspension rope device 110 separates from the centralizer 120, the limit switch 212 is triggered, sending a stop signal to the signal receiver via the signal transmitter 213 to control the motor to stop, thus eliminating potential safety hazards in a timely manner. Furthermore, the first spring 134 and the cone 136 can provide cushioning for the impact, reducing the risk of damage to the suspension rope device 110 and the centralizer 120. In addition, the reset process of this device is simple, the downtime for maintenance is short, and production can be resumed promptly.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic protection device and method for pumping unit, characterized in that: comprising a jacking module and a shutdown module; the jacking module comprises a rope hanger (110), a centralizer (120) and a lifting mechanism (130); the rope hanger (110) is sleeved with the lower part of a polished rod (300); the centralizer (120) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the polished rod (300) through a square clamp; the lower part of the lifting mechanism (130) is threadedly connected with the rope hanger (110); the upper part of the lifting mechanism (130) abuts against the lower part of the centralizer (120); the shutdown module (200) comprises a signal transmitting unit (210) and a signal receiving unit (220); the jacking module is provided with at least two lifting mechanisms (130); when a rod card failure occurs, the lifting mechanism (130) can move upward in the vertical direction, increase the distance between the rope hanger (110) and the centralizer (120), and the signal transmitting unit (210) sends a signal to the signal receiving unit (220) to control the motor to stop.

2. The automatic protection device and method for pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lifting mechanism (130) comprises a jack rod (131), a guide sleeve (132) and a spacer (133); the jack rod (131) is inserted into the upper part of the guide sleeve (132); a first spring (134) is arranged between the jack rod (131) and the guide sleeve (132); the spacer (133) is provided with a clamping groove (135) away from the axis of the guide sleeve (132); two spacers (133) are respectively inserted into both ends of a through hole (137) and abut against the jack rod (131); a second spring (138) is arranged in the through hole (137); the second spring (138) is a ring structure with the head connected with the tail, and the second spring (138) abuts against two clamping grooves (135) respectively; the lower part of the guide sleeve (132) is threadedly connected with the rope hanger (110).

3. The automatic protection device and method for pumping unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper part of the jack rod (131) has a tapered head (136); the tip of the tapered head (136) abuts against the lower part of the centralizer (120); and the flat end of the tapered head (136) abuts against the first spring (134).

4. The automatic protection device and method for pumping unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first spring (134) is a compression spring, which always has the ability to drive the jack rod (131) to move upward.

5. The automatic protection device and method for pumping unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: the second spring (138) is a close spring, which always has the ability to drive the two spacers (133) to move toward the jack rod (131).

6. The automatic protection device and method for pumping unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: when a rod card failure occurs, the lifting mechanism (130) performs a lifting action. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ In the lifting action, the suspending rope device (110) drives the casing (132) to move downward, the first spring (134) drives the top rod (131) to move upward, and the second spring (138) drives the pad iron (133) to move toward the axis of the casing (132).

7. The automatic protection device and method for pumping equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The signal transmitting unit (210) comprises a trigger pressing plate (211), a travel switch (212) and a signal transmitter (213); The trigger pressing plate (211) is fixedly connected with the centralizer (120); The travel switch (212) is fixedly connected with the suspending rope device (110); The travel end of the travel switch (212) is in abutment with the trigger pressing plate (211), and the internal contact of the travel switch (212) is electrically connected with the signal transmitter (213).

8. The automatic protection device and method for pumping equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The signal receiving unit (220) comprises a signal receiver (221) and a relay (222); The coil of the relay (222) is connected with the signal receiver, and the contact of the relay (222) is connected with the motor control unit (230).

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