Tunnel plug construction method and tunnel plug structure

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel plug construction method and a tunnel plug structure, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, drilling holes along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the tunnel in the plug area to form grouting holes, and grouting the grouting holes; S2, roughening the inner wall of the tunnel in the plug area; S3, installing an exhaust part, a grouting pipeline and a water stop part on the inner wall of the tunnel, the exhaust part is attached to the inner wall of the tunnel and forms an exhaust passage; S4, pouring concrete in the plug area to form a concrete plug block, the concrete plug block gradually cools and shrinks inward; and S5, grouting the joint between the concrete plug block and the inner wall of the tunnel by using the grouting pipeline. The inherent characteristics of the cooling and shrinkage of the concrete plug block are utilized, so that when the plug block shrinks, the exhaust part is driven to naturally separate from at least one side of the inner wall of the tunnel to form an air passage gap, and the air in the joint during the grouting process can be introduced into the exhaust passage in a directional manner through the air passage gap and smoothly discharged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular, to a method for constructing a tunnel plug and a tunnel plug structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, transportation, and municipal infrastructure construction, tunnel engineering is a key component with widespread functional enclosure requirements. Tunnel plugs, as core components for achieving segmented isolation, pressure control, water interception, or structural protection within tunnels, directly determine the operational safety and durability of tunnel projects through their construction quality. Plug structures need to possess reliable impermeability, structural load-bearing capacity, and collaborative working characteristics with the tunnel body to withstand multiple forces, including groundwater pressure, media erosion, and structural weight.

[0003] Currently, tunnel plugging construction typically employs a conventional process involving pre-treatment, concrete pouring, and joint reinforcement. The core logic is to create a closed system through a tight bond between the concrete plug and the tunnel wall, followed by grouting to fill the joints formed by concrete shrinkage, thereby eliminating potential leakage. However, in existing technologies, the connection between the venting channel and the joint is easily blocked by the concrete poured during plugging construction. This insufficient connectivity makes it difficult for air to escape during grouting, hindering the rapid diffusion and filling of the grout within the joint, easily leading to voids and preventing the grout from completely filling the joint, thus leaving leakage channels. To address the venting problem, some construction processes require remedial measures such as drilling and high-pressure grouting, which not only prolongs the construction period but may also damage the already formed concrete plug or the tunnel structure itself. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a method for constructing tunnel plugs and a tunnel plug structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for constructing a tunnel plug and a tunnel plug structure, comprising the following steps: S1, drilling holes circumferentially in the inner wall of the tunnel in the plug area to form grouting holes, and grouting the grouting holes; S2, roughening the inner wall of the tunnel in the plug area; S3, installing an exhaust device, a grouting pipe, and a water-stopping device on the inner wall of the tunnel, wherein the exhaust device is attached to the inner wall of the tunnel to form an exhaust channel; S4, pouring concrete in the plug area to form a concrete plug block, the concrete plug block gradually cooling and shrinking inward to form a joint between the concrete plug block and the inner wall of the tunnel and causing at least one side of the exhaust device to detach from the inner wall of the tunnel to form an air gap; S5, grouting is performed at the joint between the concrete plug block and the inner wall of the tunnel using the grouting pipe, during grouting, at least part of the air at the joint enters the exhaust channel from the air gap and is discharged until the concrete fills the grouting pipe and the exhaust channel.

[0007] Further, the exhaust component includes a venting section, the venting section having a groove on one side facing the tunnel inner wall, and both sides of the venting section having adhesive plates, the adhesive plates having nail holes; in step S3, the exhaust component is installed by the following steps: S31, attaching the adhesive plates on both sides of the exhaust component in the width direction to the tunnel inner wall; S32, nailing metal nails into the tunnel inner wall through the nail holes in the adhesive plates; S33, applying a sealing adhesive material to the area where the edge of the adhesive plate is attached to the tunnel inner wall.

[0008] Furthermore, at least one bonding plate is connected to an extension plate perpendicular to the bonding plate, and the end of the extension plate away from the bonding plate is provided with a bend; when the concrete plug block gradually cools and shrinks inward, it causes the bend to shrink inward, causing the corresponding bonding plate to separate from the tunnel wall, forming an air gap.

[0009] Furthermore, after the metal nail is driven into the inner wall of the tunnel, a gap is reserved between the nail head and the bonding plate.

[0010] Further, the waterstop is installed through the following steps: S34, a curved groove is formed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the cross-sectional profile of the curved groove being an annular curve with an opening; an epoxy mortar layer is coated on the inner wall of the curved groove, and an epoxy mortar layer is laid on the inner wall of the tunnel on the side of the curved groove facing the installation structure; an installation structure is set on the inner wall of the tunnel at intervals from the curved groove; S35, a first rubber gasket is laid on the epoxy mortar layer; S36, an adhesive layer is coated on the surface of the first rubber gasket; S37, the annular part of the waterstop is embedded into the curved groove; the fitting part connected on the annular part is bonded to the adhesive layer, both the first rubber gasket and the fitting part are provided with mounting holes aligned with the installation structure, and fasteners that cooperate with the installation structure are installed at the mounting holes.

[0011] Furthermore, the installation structure is a connection hole opened on the inner wall of the tunnel; the installation of fasteners that cooperate with the installation structure at the installation hole specifically includes: laying a second rubber gasket on the outer surface of the mating part, the second rubber gasket being bonded to the mating part by sealing and waterproofing adhesive; the expansion bolt passing through the second rubber gasket, the mating part, and the first rubber gasket and then being inserted into the connection hole; and tightening the nut on the expansion bolt.

[0012] Furthermore, before the water-stopping element is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, it also includes filling the opening groove of the annular portion with an impermeable material.

[0013] Furthermore, the grouting pipeline includes a grouting side pipeline; the grouting side pipeline includes a first grout inlet pipe, a grout riser pipe and a first grout outlet pipe, one end of the first grout inlet pipe extends out of the plugging area, the grout riser pipe is connected to the first grout inlet pipe and arranged along the tunnel extension direction, one end of the first grout outlet pipe is connected to the grout riser pipe and the other end is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel, and the first grout outlet pipe is arranged along the grout riser pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper end of the riser pipe is connected to a first return pipe, and one end of the first return pipe extends out into a plug area.

[0015] This invention also provides a tunnel plug structure, including a tunnel inner wall, an exhaust component, a grouting pipeline, a water-stopping component, and a concrete plug block; the tunnel inner wall is drilled circumferentially to form grouting holes, and the grouting holes are filled with grout; the exhaust component, the grouting pipeline, and the water-stopping component are installed on the tunnel inner wall; the concrete plug block is formed by pouring concrete into the plug area, and the concrete plug block can gradually cool and shrink inward, so that the concrete plug block and the tunnel inner wall form a joint and drive at least one side of the exhaust component to detach from the tunnel inner wall to form an air passage gap; the grouting pipeline is used to grout the joint between the concrete plug block and the tunnel inner wall, and during grouting, at least part of the air at the joint enters the exhaust channel from the air passage gap and is discharged.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention utilizes pre-installed venting components that adhere to the tunnel wall. Taking advantage of the inherent shrinkage of the concrete plug during cooling, the shrinkage of the plug causes at least one side of the venting component to naturally detach from the tunnel wall, creating an air gap. This constructs a complete venting path encompassing the joint, the air gap, and the venting channel. This fundamentally avoids the defect in existing technologies where the venting channel is easily blocked by poured concrete. It ensures that air within the joint can be directionally introduced into the venting channel through the air gap and smoothly discharged during grouting. This effectively eliminates the air resistance caused by poor venting that hinders grout diffusion, solves the problem of air entrapment leading to hollow areas, and provides crucial assurance for grout to fill the joint. Step S1, through grouting the circumferential grouting holes in the tunnel wall, pre-strengthens the tunnel wall structure; combined with the roughening treatment in step S2, it further enhances the adhesion between the cast material and the wall surface. In step S5, as the grout is injected into the joint along the grouting pipe, air continuously escapes from the venting channel until the grout fills the grouting pipe and the venting channel, ensuring that the joint and the pipes within the plug are completely and densely filled with grout. This invention creates a seamless, integrated sealed system between the concrete plug and the tunnel wall, effectively blocking leakage paths. Existing technologies require additional remedial measures such as secondary drilling and high-pressure grouting to address venting issues, which not only prolongs construction time but also risks damaging existing structures. This invention, through a pre-designed venting component, utilizes shrinkage to create venting paths, and simultaneously grouts for venting, organically combines the venting system construction with the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete plug. This eliminates the need for additional remedial procedures, simplifies the construction process, and significantly shortens the construction cycle.

[0018] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first state structure during the construction process of this invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second state structure during the construction process of this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting pipeline layout;

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A partial structural diagram;

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the fitting part and the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the exhaust components and the tunnel wall.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] Tunnel inner wall 100, grouting hole 101, curved groove 110, connecting hole 120, epoxy mortar layer 130, first rubber gasket 140, bonding layer 150, second rubber gasket 160, expansion bolt 121, nut 122, washer 123;

[0030] Exhaust component 200, exhaust channel 201, vent 210, groove 211, bonding plate 220, nail hole 221, sealing adhesive material 222, adapter box 230, exhaust pipe 240, metal nail 250, nail head 251, extension plate 260, bending part 261;

[0031] Grouting pipe 300, grouting side pipe 310, first grout inlet pipe 311, grout riser pipe 312, first grout outlet pipe 313, first grout return pipe 314, grouting top pipe 320, second grout inlet pipe 321, grout distribution pipe 322, second grout outlet pipe 323, second grout return pipe 324;

[0032] Waterstop 400, annular part 410, opening groove 411, seepage prevention material 412, bonding part 420, and upright part 430;

[0033] 500 concrete plugs. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0037] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a preferred embodiment of a tunnel plug construction method and a tunnel plug structure, including steps S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5.

[0039] S1, Drill holes circumferentially in the tunnel inner wall 100 of the plugging area to form grouting holes 101, and grout the grouting holes 101 to achieve... Figure 2 The state shown.

[0040] S2, roughen the inner wall 100 of the tunnel in the blocking area.

[0041] S3, an exhaust device 200, a grouting pipe 300, and a water-stopping device 400 are installed on the inner wall 100 of the tunnel. The exhaust device 200 is attached to the inner wall 100 of the tunnel to form an exhaust channel 201. For example... Figure 3 As shown, multiple exhaust components 200 can typically be installed, and they can be installed on the left and right sides of the tunnel inner wall 100 and on the top of the tunnel inner wall 100.

[0042] S4, concrete is poured into the plug area to form a concrete plug block 500. The concrete plug block 500 gradually cools and shrinks inward so that the concrete plug block 500 forms a joint with the tunnel inner wall 100 and drives the exhaust device 200 to detach from the tunnel inner wall 100 on at least one side to form an air passage gap.

[0043] S5, grouting is carried out at the joint between the concrete plug block 500 and the tunnel inner wall 100 using the grouting pipe 300. During grouting, at least part of the air at the joint enters the exhaust channel 201 through the air gap and is discharged until the concrete fills the grouting pipe 300 and the exhaust channel 201.

[0044] In the prior art, if an exhaust gap is reserved during the installation of the exhaust device to facilitate venting during grouting, concrete can easily enter the exhaust channel 201 and cause blockage when concrete is poured to form the concrete plug 500. However, if the exhaust device is installed close to the inner wall 100 of the tunnel to avoid concrete entering the exhaust channel 201 when the concrete plug 500 is formed, then air in the gap will have difficulty entering the exhaust channel 201 during subsequent joint grouting.

[0045] This invention utilizes a pre-installed venting component 200 that adheres to the tunnel inner wall 100. Taking advantage of the inherent cooling and contraction of the concrete plug block 500, the venting component 200 naturally detaches from the tunnel inner wall 100 on at least one side as the plug block contracts, forming an air gap. This constructs a complete venting path consisting of the joint, the air gap, and the venting channel 201. This air gap only forms after the concrete plug block 500 is poured, preventing concrete from entering the venting channel 201 during the plug block's formation. This avoids the drawback of existing technologies where the venting channel is easily blocked by poured concrete. Compared to existing technologies, this invention can reliably detach the venting component 200 from the tunnel inner wall 100, thus creating a significantly wider air gap for stable and efficient venting. It ensures that air within the joint can be directionally introduced into the venting channel 201 and smoothly discharged during joint grouting, effectively eliminating air resistance caused by poor venting that hinders grout diffusion and solving the problem of air entrapment leading to voids. This provides a crucial guarantee for the grout to fill the joint completely. Step S1, through grouting the circumferential grouting holes 101 of the tunnel inner wall 100, pre-strengthens the structure of the tunnel inner wall 100; combined with the roughening treatment in step S2, it further enhances the adhesion between the cast material and the wall surface; in step S5, as the grout is injected into the joint along the grouting pipe 300, air is continuously discharged from the exhaust channel 201 until the grout fills the grouting pipe 300 and the exhaust channel 201, ensuring that the joint and the pipes within the plug are completely and densely filled with grout. This forms a seamless, integrated sealed system between the concrete plug block 500 and the tunnel inner wall 100, effectively blocking the leakage path.

[0046] In existing technologies, if venting problems occur, additional remedial measures such as secondary drilling and high-pressure grouting are usually required, which not only prolongs the construction period but also easily damages the existing structure. This invention, by pre-setting a venting component 200 and utilizing the shrinkage characteristics of concrete to open the venting component 200 and form a venting path, organically combines the construction of the venting system with the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete plug block 500. This eliminates the need for additional remedial procedures, simplifies the construction process, and significantly shortens the construction cycle. By precisely combining the material properties of the concrete plug block 500 with the construction technology, it not only solves the inherent defects of existing technologies but also achieves a dual improvement in plug structure performance and construction efficiency, providing an efficient and reliable technical solution for tunnel plug construction.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 8 As shown, the venting component 200 includes a venting section 210. The venting section 210 has a groove 211 on one side facing the tunnel inner wall 100. Adhesive plates 220 are provided on both sides of the venting section 210 in the width direction, and nail holes 221 are provided on the adhesive plates 220. The venting section 210 and the tunnel inner wall 100 define an venting channel 201, that is, the opening side of the groove 211 and the surface of the tunnel inner wall 100 surround and define the venting channel 201. One end of the venting section 210 extends into a plugging area and communicates with a junction box 230. The junction box 230 is connected to an vent pipe 240. When step S5 is performed, grout gradually fills the joint, then also fills the venting channel 201, and finally fills the junction box 230, ensuring that the pipes in the plugging area are filled.

[0048] In step S3, the exhaust component 200 is installed through steps S31, S32, and S33.

[0049] S31, attach the bonding plates 220 on both sides of the exhaust component 200 in the width direction to the inner wall 100 of the tunnel.

[0050] S32, drive the metal nail 250 into the tunnel inner wall 100 through the nail hole 221 of the bonding plate 220 to position the exhaust component 200.

[0051] S33, apply sealing adhesive material 222 to the edge of the bonding plate 220 where it meets the tunnel inner wall 100. This achieves the connection between the bonding plate 220 and the tunnel inner wall 100 and the sealing of the connection.

[0052] In step S31, the bonding plate 220 is bonded to the tunnel inner wall 100. In step S32, metal nails 250 are passed through nail holes 221. Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the bonding plates 220 are vertically installed on the left and right vertical walls of the tunnel inner wall 100. Metal nails 250 support the vertical bonding plates 220 and the entire exhaust component 200, ensuring the exhaust component 200 is firmly installed and preventing displacement during concrete pouring. The weight of the exhaust component 200 is borne by the metal nails 250, enhancing the stability of the connection between the bonding plates 220 and the tunnel inner wall 100. This also prevents the weight from concentrating on the sealing adhesive material 222 at the connection between the edge of the bonding plates 220 and the tunnel inner wall 100, thus preventing the sealing adhesive material 222 from cracking due to excessive weight. Step S33 involves applying the sealing adhesive material 222 to the edge of the bonding plates 220, effectively preventing grout from seeping into the exhaust channel 201 during the pouring of the concrete plug block 500, ensuring the unobstructed flow of the exhaust channel 201. Figure 8As shown, the fitting plate 220 of the exhaust component 200 is vertically arranged on the vertical wall surface of the tunnel inner wall 100. It can be understood that the top wall surface of the tunnel inner wall 100 is an arc surface, so the fitting plate 220 of the exhaust component 200 set on the top of the tunnel inner wall 100 is an arc-shaped plate.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one bonding plate 220 is connected to an extension plate 260 perpendicular to the bonding plate 220, specifically, as shown in... Figure 8 As shown, the extension plate 260 of the exhaust device 200, which is installed on the vertical wall surface of the tunnel inner wall 100, extends horizontally and is located at the lower end of the bonding plate 220 on the lower side. It can be understood that the bonding plates 220 on both sides of the exhaust device 200 installed at the top of the tunnel inner wall 100 can be provided with downwardly extending extension plates 260. The end of the extension plate 260 away from the bonding plate 220 is provided with a bending part 261; when the concrete plug block 500 gradually cools and shrinks inward, it drives the bending part 261 to shrink inward, causing the corresponding bonding plate 220 to separate from the tunnel inner wall 100, forming an air passage gap. When the concrete plug block 500 cools and shrinks, the bent portion 261 can directly bear the shrinkage tension of the concrete. As the concrete plug block 500 shrinks inward, it causes the bent portion 261 to shrink synchronously, thereby pulling the corresponding bonding plate 220. This causes the sealing adhesive material 222 between the bonding plate 220 and the surface of the tunnel inner wall 100 to be pulled apart, and the bonding plate 220 detaches from the surface of the tunnel inner wall 100, forming an air gap. Without additional power or manual intervention, the inherent characteristics of concrete shrinkage are used to automatically open the air gap, ensuring the timeliness and effectiveness of the air gap formation. This avoids the interruption of the exhaust path due to the bonding plate 220's inability to detach smoothly, further improving the stability of air exhaust within the joint. Figure 8 As shown, the venting component 200, installed on the vertical wall surface of the tunnel inner wall 100, has its bent portion 261 bent upwards. This avoids the bent portion 261 bending downwards, which would prevent air from escaping smoothly upwards and forming a void during the pouring of the plug concrete. The angle formed by the bent portion 261 and the extension plate 260 is obtuse, further preventing the formation of an acute angle that could result in a void during the pouring of the plug concrete.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, after the metal nail 250 is driven into the tunnel inner wall 100, a gap is reserved between the nail head 251 of the metal nail 250 and the bonding plate 220. By reserving a gap between the nail head 251 of the metal nail 250 and the bonding plate 220, the necessary space for the bonding plate 220 to detach from the tunnel inner wall 100 is provided, eliminating the structural obstruction to the bonding plate 220 detaching from the tunnel inner wall 100. If the nail head directly presses against the bonding plate, the bonding plate may be fixed and unable to detach smoothly with the shrinkage of the concrete to form an air gap. However, the reserved gap allows the bonding plate 220 to smoothly separate from the tunnel inner wall 100 under the traction of the extension plate 260 and the bending portion 261, ensuring the rapid formation of the air gap.

[0055] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The water-stopping component 400 has an annular portion 410 adapted to the curved groove 110, and the annular portion 410 is at least partially embedded in the curved groove 110; one end of the annular portion 410 is connected to a fitting portion 420 that fits against the surface of the tunnel inner wall 100, and the other end is connected to a raised portion 430.

[0056] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments of the present invention, the water-stopping component 400 is installed through steps S34, S35, S36, and S37.

[0057] S34, a curved groove 110 is formed in the inner wall 100 of the tunnel. The cross-sectional profile of the curved groove 110 is an annular curve with an opening. An epoxy mortar layer is coated on the inner wall of the curved groove 110 and an epoxy mortar layer 130 is laid on the inner wall 100 of the tunnel on the side of the curved groove 110 facing the installation structure. An installation structure is provided on the inner wall 100 of the tunnel at intervals from the curved groove 110.

[0058] S35, the first rubber gasket 140 is laid on the epoxy mortar layer 130.

[0059] S36, an adhesive layer 150 is coated on the surface of the first rubber gasket 140.

[0060] S37, the annular portion 410 of the waterstop 400 is embedded into the curved groove 110; the fitting portion 420 connected to the annular portion 410 is bonded to the adhesive layer 150, and the first rubber gasket 140 and the fitting portion 420 are both provided with mounting holes aligned with the mounting structure, and fasteners that cooperate with the mounting structure are installed at the mounting holes.

[0061] The curved groove 110 in the tunnel inner wall 100 provides a stable installation base for the annular portion 410 of the water-stop component 400; the epoxy mortar layer 130 laid on the inner wall and surrounding area of ​​the curved groove 110 achieves wall leveling and bonding reinforcement; the first rubber gasket 140 and the adhesive layer 150 further improve the sealing performance between the fitting portion 420 of the water-stop component 400 and the tunnel inner wall 100; finally, fasteners are used to ensure that the water-stop component 400 is firmly installed, preventing loosening due to water pressure or structural vibration. A multi-layered sealing and protection system is constructed, significantly improving the water-stopping and seepage-resistant performance of the plug structure. Leakage paths are blocked from multiple dimensions, including the installation base, sealing layer, and fixing method. Specifically, the adhesive layer 150 is an epoxy-based liquid applied to the first rubber gasket 140. The adhesive layer 150 prevents water from seeping along the contact surface between the rubber gasket and the mating part under high water pressure. Simultaneously, the adhesive effect enhances the coordinated deformation capability of the first rubber gasket 140 and the mating part 420, ensuring the seal integrity is maintained even with minor structural deformation. The high elasticity of the rubber allows it to deform under the pre-tightening force of the fasteners, compensating for minor unevenness on the surface of the epoxy mortar layer and improving sealing performance. Furthermore, the rubber gasket can absorb the deformation stress of the concrete caused by temperature differences, enhancing the long-term stability of the seal.

[0062] The curved groove 110 and the annular portion 410 of the waterstop 400 form a fitted and interlocking structure. The annular curve design of its cross-sectional profile significantly extends the seepage path, enhances the initial seepage prevention capability, and forces the water flow to traverse more bends, significantly reducing the permeability. In contrast, the seepage path of the L-shaped waterstop in the prior art is a right-angle turn, which is shorter. Furthermore, the right-angle turn of the L-shaped waterstop makes it prone to stress concentration at the bend, leading to material fatigue cracking and leakage at the corner. The insertion of the annular portion 410 into the curved groove 110 also enables the positioning and installation of the waterstop 400. At the same time, the curved surface contact between the curved groove 110 and the annular portion 410 can generate radial clamping force under water pressure, achieving a dynamic waterstop effect that becomes tighter with increasing pressure. The fitting part 420 is tightly fitted to the inner wall 100 of the tunnel by fasteners, forming a second line of water-stopping defense; the upright part 430 is embedded in the concrete plug block 500, extending the seepage channel along the contact surface between the water-stopping part 400 and the concrete plug block 500, thereby forming a multi-dimensional collaborative water-stopping system and improving the reliability of water-stopping.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, the installation structure is a connecting hole 120 opened on the inner wall 100 of the tunnel; the second rubber gasket 160 is also provided with a hole for the expansion bolt 121 to pass through; the fastener is the expansion bolt 121, and a fastener that mates with the installation structure is installed at the mounting hole, specifically including: laying the second rubber gasket 160 on the outer surface of the mating part 420, the second rubber gasket 160 being bonded to the mating part 420 by sealing and waterproofing adhesive; the expansion bolt 121 passing through the second rubber gasket, the mating part, and the first rubber gasket before being inserted into the connecting hole 120; and tightening the nut 122 on the expansion bolt 121. A washer 123 is sandwiched between the nut 122 and the second rubber gasket 160, increasing the contact area between the nut 122 and the second rubber gasket 160, achieving uniform pressure distribution, and avoiding concentrated force that could damage the second rubber gasket 160. When the plug concrete is poured, the second rubber gasket can be squeezed and filled to eliminate the gap between the plug concrete and the mating part, further improving the reliability of seepage prevention. Understandably, in order to increase sealing performance, a sealing and waterproofing adhesive is applied between the second rubber gasket 160 and the mating part 420.

[0064] The combination of the connecting hole 120, the second rubber gasket 160, the expansion bolt 121, and the nut 122 further enhances the installation stability and sealing performance of the waterstop 400. The second rubber gasket 160 is bonded to the mating part 420 with sealing adhesive to form a secondary seal; the expansion bolt 121 passes through the second rubber gasket, the mating part, and the first rubber gasket before being inserted into the connecting hole 120, and tightening the nut 122 ensures that the waterstop 400 fits tightly against the tunnel inner wall 100, preventing loosening and leakage during long-term use.

[0065] Of course, in some other embodiments, the installation structure may also be a threaded sleeve pre-embedded in the inner wall 100 of the tunnel, and the fastener is a screw rod that is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve. The outer end of the screw rod is provided with a rod head or a connecting nut to press the fitting part 420.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, before the water-stopping element 400 is installed on the inner wall 100 of the tunnel, it further includes filling the opening groove 411 of the annular portion 410 with an impermeable material 412.

[0067] The seepage prevention performance is further improved by filling the opening groove 411 of the annular portion 410 of the waterstop 400 with an impermeable material 412. As the corner structure of the waterstop 400, the opening groove 411, if not filled, is difficult to fill with the concrete plug, easily forming voids and becoming a weak point for groundwater seepage. The filling with the impermeable material 412 directly blocks this path, further improving the overall waterstop performance. The impermeable material can be an asphalt-fibered material composed of asphalt and hemp fibers. During construction, the opening groove 411 is first filled with the impermeable material, and then when the concrete plug block 500 is poured, the asphalt-fibered material, under pressure, tightly fills the microscopic voids between the copper sheet and the concrete joint, forming a seepage barrier. The asphalt-fibered material has high plasticity and, under pressure, can tightly fill the microscopic voids between the copper sheet and the concrete joint. The hydrophobicity of the asphalt and the capillary blocking effect of the hemp fibers force the water flow to take a more complex path, significantly reducing the permeability. Furthermore, the annular portion 410 itself can absorb some deformation, while the asphalt-impregnated hemp fiber, as a flexible filler, can further buffer the shear or tensile stress caused by temperature expansion and contraction and foundation settlement at the joint, reducing fatigue damage at the annular portion 410. The asphalt layer isolates the copper sheet from direct contact with external moisture, oxygen, and corrosive ions, delaying oxidation and electrochemical corrosion of the annular portion 410 (especially in alkaline concrete environments). The addition of hemp fiber enhances the crack resistance of the asphalt (preventing asphalt shrinkage cracking), and both are acid and alkali resistant materials, adapting to the complex environment of dampness and chemical erosion inside the tunnel. Of course, water-swellable rubber, flexible sealant, and other materials can also be used as seepage prevention materials, which can undergo elastic deformation or expansion under water pressure; at the same time, the open groove structure provides a stable space for the seepage prevention material, preventing the material from being easily squeezed out.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the grouting pipeline 300 includes a grouting side pipeline 310; the grouting side pipeline 310 is used for grouting joints on both sides of the tunnel. The grouting side pipeline 310 includes a first grout inlet pipe 311, a grout riser pipe 312, and a first grout outlet pipe 313. One end of the first grout inlet pipe 311 extends out of the plug area, facilitating connection with grouting equipment for grouting inlet and outlet. The grout riser pipe 312 is connected to the first grout inlet pipe 311 and arranged along the tunnel extension direction. One end of the first grout outlet pipe 313 is connected to the grout riser pipe 312, and the other end is inserted into the tunnel inner wall 100, thereby fixing the position of the first grout outlet pipe 313 and ensuring that even when the first grout outlet pipe 313 cools and shrinks with the concrete plug block 500, the insertion length of the first grout outlet pipe 313 is sufficient for it to still pass through the joint after inward shrinkage, thus ensuring grouting of the joint. The peripheral wall of the first grout outlet pipe 313 is provided with grout outlet holes to achieve grout outlet. The first grout outlet pipe 313 is arranged along the grout riser pipe 312. By optimizing the structural layout of the grouting side pipeline 310, uniform and full-area filling of grout in the joints on both sides of the tunnel is achieved. The first grout inlet pipe 311 of the grouting side pipeline 310 extends into the plug area, which facilitates connection with external grouting equipment and makes it easier to control the grouting pressure and flow rate during construction. The grout riser pipe 312 is arranged along the tunnel extension direction, and together with the first grout outlet pipe 313 arranged along the grout riser pipe 312, the grout can be injected into the joint simultaneously from multiple points, ensuring that the grout spreads evenly in the joint and avoiding local grout incomplete filling or voids.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, the upper end of the riser pipe 312 is connected to a first return pipe 314, one end of which extends into a plug area. The extension of the first return pipe 314 into the plug area allows excess grout in the joint to flow back, ensuring sufficient grouting of the gap; furthermore, construction personnel can use the returned grout to judge the filling status of the internal gaps and pipes, accurately control the grouting progress, and ensure that the grout completely fills the joint.

[0070] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the grouting pipeline 300 also includes a grouting top pipeline 320 for joint grouting at the top. The grouting top pipeline 320 includes a second grout inlet pipe 321, a grout distribution pipe 322, a second grout outlet pipe 323, and a second return grout pipe 324. One end of the second grout inlet pipe 321 extends into a plug area, facilitating connection with grouting equipment for grouting inlet and outlet. The grout distribution pipe 322 is arranged along the tunnel extension direction, and the second grout outlet pipe 323 is arranged along the extension direction of the grout distribution pipe 322. The grout distribution pipe 322 extends along an arc shape adapted to the arc contour of the tunnel top. The arrangement of the grout distribution pipe 322 and the second grout outlet pipe 323 enables multi-point grouting, ensuring grouting uniformity and effectiveness. The second return grout pipe 324 is connected to the end of the second grout inlet pipe 321 and extends into a plug area.

[0071] The present invention also provides a tunnel plug structure, which is constructed based on a tunnel plug construction method, including a tunnel inner wall 100, an exhaust component 200, a grouting pipeline 300, a water-stop component 400, and a concrete plug block 500.

[0072] The tunnel inner wall 100 is drilled circumferentially to form grouting holes 101, and the grouting holes 101 are filled with grout. An venting device 200, a grouting pipe 300, and a water-stopping device 400 are installed on the tunnel inner wall 100.

[0073] The concrete plug block 500 is formed by pouring concrete into the plug area. The concrete plug block 500 gradually cools and shrinks inward, forming a joint between the concrete plug block 500 and the tunnel inner wall 100, and causing at least one side of the venting component 200 to detach from the tunnel inner wall 100, creating an air gap. The grouting pipe 300 is used to grout the joint between the concrete plug block 500 and the tunnel inner wall 100. During grouting, at least part of the air at the joint enters the venting channel 201 through the air gap and is then discharged. The grouting holes 101 of the tunnel inner wall 100, filled with grout, enhance the stability of the foundation structure. The venting component 200 achieves efficient venting through the air gap and venting channel 201. The rational layout of the grouting pipe 300 ensures complete grout filling. The multiple sealing design of the water-stopping component 400 blocks leakage paths. The synergistic effect of these components completely solves the core problems of poor venting, incomplete grouting, and unreliable water-stopping in existing plug structures. The resulting structure possesses excellent impermeability, structural stability, and durability, enabling it to withstand long-term groundwater pressure and media erosion, and is suitable for tunnel engineering needs with different cross sections and geological conditions in fields such as water conservancy, hydropower, transportation, and municipal engineering.

[0074] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of constructing a tunnel plug, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, drilling holes in the circumferential direction of the tunnel inner wall (100) of the plug area to form grouting holes (101), and grouting the grouting holes (101); S2, roughening the tunnel inner wall (100) of the plug area; S3, installing an exhaust member (200), a grouting pipeline (300) and a water stop member (400) on the tunnel inner wall (100), wherein the exhaust member (200) is attached to the tunnel inner wall (100) and forms an exhaust passage (201); S4, pouring concrete to form a concrete plug block (500), and gradually cooling and shrinking the concrete plug block (500) inward, so that the concrete plug block (500) forms a joint with the tunnel inner wall (100) and drives at least one side of the exhaust member (200) to separate from the tunnel inner wall (100) to form an air passage gap; S5, grouting the joint between the concrete plug block (500) and the tunnel inner wall (100) by using the grouting pipeline (300), and during grouting, at least part of the air in the joint enters the exhaust passage (201) from the air passage gap and is discharged until the concrete fills the grouting pipeline (300) and the exhaust passage (201).

2. The method of tunnel plug construction according to claim 1, wherein The exhaust member (200) comprises an air passage part (210), one side of the air passage part (210) towards the tunnel inner wall (100) is provided with a groove (211), and both sides of the air passage part (210) in the width direction are provided with an attachment plate (220), and the attachment plate (220) is provided with a nail hole (221); In step S3, the exhaust member (200) is installed by the following steps: S31, attaching the attachment plates (220) on both sides of the exhaust member (200) in the width direction to the tunnel inner wall (100); S32, nailing metal nails (250) into the tunnel inner wall (100) from the nail holes (221) of the attachment plates (220); S33, applying a sealing adhesive (222) at the attachment position of the edges of the attachment plates (220) and the tunnel inner wall (100).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, At least one attachment plate (220) is connected with an extension plate (260) perpendicular to the attachment plate (220), one end of the extension plate (260) away from the attachment plate (220) is provided with a bent part (261), and when the concrete plug block (500) gradually cools and shrinks inward, the corresponding attachment plate (220) is separated from the tunnel inner wall (100) by driving the bent part (261) to shrink inward, thereby forming an air passage gap.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein After the metal nails (250) are nailed into the tunnel inner wall (100), a spacing is reserved between the nail heads (251) of the metal nails (250) and the attachment plates (220).

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The water stop member (400) is installed by the following steps: S34, a curved groove (110) is formed on the tunnel inner wall (100), the cross-sectional profile of the curved groove (110) is an annular curve with an opening; a mounting structure is arranged on the tunnel inner wall (100) and spaced from the curved groove (110); a layer of epoxy mortar is coated on the inner wall of the curved groove (110), and a layer of epoxy mortar (130) is laid on the side of the tunnel inner wall (100) facing the mounting structure; S35, a first rubber gasket (140) is laid on the epoxy mortar layer (130); S36, a bonding layer (150) is coated on the surface of the first rubber gasket (140); S37, the annular part (410) of the water stop piece (400) is embedded in the curved groove (110); the fitting part (420) connected to the annular part (410) is bonded to the bonding layer (150), the first rubber gasket (140) and the fitting part (420) are both provided with mounting holes aligned with the mounting structure, and fasteners matched with the mounting structure are mounted at the mounting holes.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The mounting structure is a connecting hole (120) formed on the tunnel inner wall (100); The mounting of the fasteners matched with the mounting structure at the mounting holes specifically includes: A second rubber gasket (160) is laid on the outer surface of the fitting part (420), and the second rubber gasket (160) is bonded to the fitting part (420) through sealing water stop glue; An expansion bolt (121) is inserted into the connecting hole (120) after passing through the second rubber gasket, the fitting part and the first rubber gasket; A nut (122) on the expansion bolt (121) is tightened.

7. The method of tunnel plug construction of claim 1, wherein, Before the water stop piece (400) is installed on the tunnel inner wall (100), the method further includes: filling the opening groove (411) of the annular part (410) with a permeation-resistant material (412).

8. The method of tunnel plug construction of claim 1, wherein, The grouting pipeline (300) includes a grouting side pipeline (310); the grouting side pipeline (310) includes a first grouting inlet pipe (311), a grouting rising pipe (312) and a first grouting outlet pipe (313), one end of the first grouting inlet pipe (311) extends out of a plug area, the grouting rising pipe (312) is in communication with the first grouting inlet pipe (311) and is arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel, one end of the first grouting outlet pipe (313) is in communication with the grouting rising pipe (312), and the other end is inserted into the tunnel inner wall (100), and the first grouting outlet pipe (313) is arranged along the grouting rising pipe (312).

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, A first grouting return pipe (314) is connected to the upper end of the grouting rising pipe (312), and one end of the first grouting return pipe (314) extends out of the plug area.

10. A tunnel plug structure constructed based on the tunnel plug construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by The method includes the following steps: The tunnel inner wall (100) is drilled along the circumference to form a grouting hole (101), and the grouting hole (101) is filled with grout; The exhaust piece (200), the grouting pipeline (300) and the water stop piece (400) are installed on the tunnel inner wall (100); The method includes the following steps: The concrete plug block (500) is formed by pouring concrete in the plug area, and the concrete plug block (500) can gradually cool and shrink inwardly, so that the concrete plug block (500) forms a joint with the tunnel inner wall (100) and drives at least one side of the exhaust member (200) to be separated from the tunnel inner wall (100), thereby forming an air passage gap; The grouting pipeline (300) is used for grouting to the joint between the concrete plug block (500) and the tunnel inner wall (100), and when grouting, the air at the joint at least partially enters the exhaust passage (201) from the air passage gap and is exhausted.

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