A construction method for high and steep slopes using down-the-hole drilling rigs and vertical blast holes.

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of slope construction technology, specifically a construction method for high and steep slopes using a down-the-hole drill and vertical blasting. The method includes the following steps: S1: First, design the hole layout, determine the blasting area, then determine the base resistance line, and finally determine the hole spacing. The hole spacing and row spacing are calculated based on the hole diameter and blasting density coefficient; S7: Quality acceptance; Using a drill to drill vertical deep holes of different depths, blast the slope surface, excavate in layers to the slope bottom line, first vertically excavate to the slope toe, then brush the slope along the top line to the slope toe, and use a hydraulic breaker to trim any under-excavated areas, ultimately forming a permanent slope. Through the effective implementation of this method, the standardization of slope engineering in the project has been greatly improved, over-excavation and under-excavation phenomena have been reduced, and strong support has been provided for the formation of permanent slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope construction technology, specifically a construction method for steep slopes using a down-the-hole drilling rig and vertical blasting holes. Background Technology

[0002] The current traditional method for slope excavation involves pre-splitting blasting. Before the main blasting, a row of closely spaced parallel boreholes is drilled along the designed excavation outline. Detonation is then performed using a decoupled charge structure and detonating cord, creating a continuous crack in the rock mass. This pre-splitting crack separates the subsequent main blasting area from the remaining rock mass, effectively preventing the shock waves and stress waves generated by the main blast from damaging the remaining rock mass, ultimately forming a smooth rock surface.

[0003] Pre-splitting blasting construction methods require all blast holes to be on the designed bench slope plane, demanding high drilling accuracy. Because the bench slope angle in some mining areas is only 55°, inclined hole construction is difficult, prone to collapse, and the inclination angle of the inclined holes is hard to control, resulting in poor slope shaping after blasting. Therefore, this invention provides a down-the-hole drilling rig and a vertical blast hole blasting construction method for steep slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: the present invention provides a down-the-hole drilling rig and a construction method for vertical blasting of steep slopes;

[0006] The construction method for vertical blasting of steep slopes includes the following steps;

[0007] S1: First, design the hole layout, determine the blasting area, then determine the chassis resistance line, and then determine the hole spacing. The hole spacing and row spacing are calculated based on the hole diameter and the hole density coefficient.

[0008] S2: After the hole layout is completed, drilling is carried out. A down-the-hole drill is selected for drilling. When encountering a layer of weathered gravel on the surface, the drill bit is lifted off the ground and high-pressure air is used to blow away the floating debris.

[0009] S3: The detonation method uses a detonating cord, with the detonation point placed at the top and bottom of the slope.

[0010] S4: Carry out layered excavation. Measure and mark three points A, B, and C in the area after blasting. Point A is the top line of the step, point B is the toe line of the upper layer excavation, and point C is the toe line of the lower layer excavation.

[0011] S5: For areas that have not been excavated, use a hydraulic breaker for fine finishing and conduct quality acceptance using both drone measurement and manual measurement.

[0012] Preferably, the width of the blasting area in S1 is controlled to be 9 to 15 rows, ensuring that the number of boreholes in the blasting area does not exceed 800.

[0013] The operation of a down-the-hole drill includes the following steps:

[0014] A1: Install the drill rod onto the mounting head, then move the vehicle body to the designed hole layout location, so that the output end of the hydraulic rod drives the first fixed plate to move downward, so that the protective sleeve moves downward, and the bottom surface of the moving sleeve contacts the ground;

[0015] A2: Drilling is carried out using a drill rod. The drill rod advances by driving the drill bit to rotate with the help of a rotary air supply mechanism to break the rock surface. High-pressure air is provided to drive the impactor at the bottom of the hole and blow the rock powder out of the hole, where it is blocked by the protective sleeve and the moving sleeve.

[0016] A3: Control the protective sleeve to continue moving downwards, so that the moving sleeve moves in the moving groove, pushing the gas in the moving groove into the first circular groove through the conduit, so that the gas pushes the first slide rod, so that the first slide rod drives the pressure ring to compact the rock powder and soil.

[0017] A down-the-hole drill rig is provided, which is adapted to the above-mentioned vertical blasting method for high and steep slope construction. The down-the-hole drill rig includes a vehicle body, a guide rail is provided on one side of the vehicle body, and an installation head that moves up and down is provided on the guide rail. The installation head is used to install drill rods. A base plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the guide rail, and a hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base plate. A first fixing plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod. A protective sleeve is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate near the installation head. The bottom end of the protective sleeve is open, and a circular hole is provided on the top surface of the protective sleeve for the drill rod to pass through.

[0018] Preferably, a first round rod is fixedly connected to the top of the protective sleeve, a first round groove is formed at the bottom of the first round rod, a first sliding rod is provided in the first round groove, the first sliding rod is slidably connected to the top surface of the protective sleeve, a pressure ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first sliding rod, the outer side wall of the pressure ring is in contact with the inner wall of the protective sleeve, and a moving component for driving the first sliding rod to move is provided on the protective sleeve.

[0019] Preferably, the movable component includes a movable groove formed at the bottom end of the protective sleeve, a movable sleeve is slidably connected in a sealed manner in the movable groove, a conduit is connected between the movable groove and the first circular groove, the first slide rod is slidably connected in a sealed manner to the movable groove, and a first spring is fixedly connected between the top surface of the first slide rod and the inner wall of the movable groove.

[0020] Preferably, a hollow groove is formed inside the pressure ring, and multiple sets of bristles extending into the hollow groove are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pressure ring. A fixing plate is fixedly connected inside the hollow groove, and one end of the bristles is fixedly connected to the fixing plate.

[0021] Preferably, the fixing plate is made of elastic material, and a connecting pipe connects the hollow groove and the moving groove, with a control valve installed on the connecting pipe.

[0022] Preferably, the bottom surface of the first fixing plate is provided with a sliding groove, the inner wall of the sliding groove is slidably connected to a slider, the bottom end of the slider is provided with a second round rod, the bottom surface of the second round rod is provided with a second round groove, a second sliding rod is slidably connected in the second round groove, a second spring is fixedly connected between the top end of the second sliding rod and the inner wall of the second round groove, the bottom surface of the second sliding rod is fixedly connected to a second fixing plate, and an arc-shaped push plate is fixedly connected to the side of the second fixing plate near the protective sleeve.

[0023] Preferably, the slider is internally threaded with a lead screw, one end of which is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the slide groove, and a motor for controlling the rotation of the lead screw is fixedly connected inside the slide groove.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. During the construction process of this invention, vertical deep holes of different depths are drilled using a drilling rig, the slope is blasted, and when the layered excavation reaches the bottom line of the slope, it is first vertically excavated to the toe of the slope, and then the slope is brushed along the top line to the toe of the slope. Local under-excavated areas are repaired with a hydraulic breaker, and finally a permanent slope is formed. Through the effective implementation of this construction method, the standardization of slope engineering in the project has been greatly improved, the phenomenon of over-excavation and under-excavation has been reduced, strong support has been provided for the formation of permanent slopes, relevant technical personnel have been trained, and new practical experience has been accumulated for solving similar engineering problems.

[0026] 2. In this invention, the output end of the hydraulic rod drives the first fixed plate to move downward. At this time, the protective sleeve also moves downward, so that the port of the protective sleeve contacts the ground. Then, drilling is carried out. The drill rod passes through the round hole and is located inside the protective sleeve. When rock powder is blown out of the hole, it is blocked by the protective sleeve and is located inside the protective sleeve, thus preventing a large amount of dust from being raised and inhaled by the workers. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the construction method in this invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of using the down-the-hole drill in this invention;

[0030] Figure 3This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the down-the-hole drill rig in this invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base plate and protective sleeve in this invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protective sleeve and the pressure ring in this invention;

[0033] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first fixing plate, protective sleeve and push plate in this invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first fixing plate, the slider, and the second round rod in this invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Vehicle body; 2. Guide rail; 3. Mounting head; 4. Base plate; 5. Hydraulic rod; 6. First fixing plate; 7. Protective sleeve; 8. First round rod; 9. First round groove; 10. First sliding rod; 11. Pressure ring; 12. Moving groove; 13. Moving sleeve; 14. Guide tube; 15. Hollow groove; 16. Fixing plate; 17. Brush bristles; 18. Connecting pipe; 19. Control valve; 20. Sliding groove; 21. Slider; 22. Lead screw; 23. Motor; 24. Second round rod; 25. Second fixing plate; 26. Push plate; 27. Second round groove; 28. Second sliding rod; 29. ​​Round hole. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1: This example provides a construction method for vertical blasting of steep slopes, including the following steps:

[0039] (1) Determination of blasting area: Based on the site clearing situation, the blasting area should be reasonably selected according to the mining and stripping plan. In order to ensure the blasting effect, the width of the blasting area should be controlled at 9 to 15 rows, and there is no technical restriction on the length direction. It is advisable to ensure that the number of boreholes in the blasting area does not exceed 800, so as to avoid inconvenience to the charging line.

[0040] (2) Determination of the chassis resistance line: If the chassis resistance line is too large, there will be residual foundation and the back impact phenomenon will be serious. If the chassis resistance line is too small, it will not only increase the drilling workload, but also waste explosives, cause the blast pile to disperse, and make it unsafe to operate when the drilling equipment is too close to the slope top line of the bench. Since the slope angle of this mining area is only 55°, the safe distance from the center of the front row of blast holes to the slope top line of the bench is taken as 1m. The front row of blast holes is inclined at 70° to the free face, and the chassis resistance line is taken as 5m. The inclination angle of the second row of holes is 90°, and the distance between the second row and the first row is 2m.

[0041] (3) Determination of borehole spacing: The borehole spacing (a) and row spacing (b) can be calculated based on the borehole diameter and the borehole density coefficient.

[0042] a = k·d;

[0043] b = a / m;

[0044] Where: a——drilling spacing, in meters;

[0045] b—Drill hole spacing, in meters;

[0046] k – coefficient, taken as 25~45 according to the rock hardness;

[0047] d—Drill hole diameter;

[0048] m—the borehole density coefficient, which is generally greater than 1;

[0049] The borehole diameter for this project is 0.165m. Based on the calculation formula and past blasting experience, the borehole spacing is taken as 5.8m and the row spacing is taken as 5m.

[0050] (4) Determination of over-depth: The purpose of over-depth is to lower the charge position in order to overcome the impact of excessive resistance on the blasting effect. If the over-depth is too small, it will create a foundation or raise the elevation of the bottom plate, thus affecting the loading work; if the over-depth is too large, it will not only increase the drilling workload and waste explosives, but also damage the integrity of the next step, making it difficult for the next drilling. Based on experience, the over-depth is generally between 0.5 and 3.6 m. In this project, the over-depth is taken as 1 m.

[0051] (5) Determination of the filling length: After the explosive is loaded, part of the borehole opening needs to be plugged with filling material. A reasonable filling length can reduce the energy loss of the explosive gas and maximize the amount of explosive in the borehole. If the filling length is too large, it will reduce the blasting volume per meter, increase the drilling cost, and cause poor rock fragmentation at the top of the bench; if the filling length is too small, the explosive energy loss will be large, which will generate strong air shock waves, noise, and individual flyrock hazards, and will also affect the fragmentation effect at the bottom of the borehole. Generally, in deep hole blasting of benches, the filling length should not be less than 0.75 times the resistance line of the chassis. In this project, it is taken as 4m.

[0052] (6) Determination of explosive consumption per unit: Many factors affect explosive consumption per unit, mainly including the explosiveness of the ore and rock, the type of explosive, the free surface conditions, the initiation method, and the block size requirements. Simply increasing the consumption per unit may not significantly improve the blasting quality; it will only result in excessive crushing of the ore and rock and increased harmful blasting effects. Based on past experience, the explosive consumption per unit in this project is set at 0.45~0.50, which will be adjusted according to the drilling progress per hour. The consumption per unit in each borehole is adjusted by interval charging, with an interval length of 2.7m~3.5m.

[0053] (7) Determination of the initiation method: The use of multi-row micro-delay blasting technology is not only beneficial to improving the blasting quality of ore and rock, but also to increasing the blasting volume to meet the needs of mining and rock excavation. The blasting volume of this project can reach 300,000 m³ in a single blast. The use of V-shaped sequential initiation is conducive to the expansion of the new free face, and can shorten the minimum resistance line and change the direction of blasting action, increasing the chance of ore and rock colliding with each other, and concentrating the blast pile. Especially in coal-bearing areas, it helps to reduce coal-rock mixing and reduce the loss and dilution rate. V-shaped sequential initiation.

[0054] Drilling operations;

[0055] (1) Drill Rig Selection: A 165mm down-the-hole drill rig will be used for drilling in this project. The down-the-hole drill rig mainly consists of an impact mechanism, a rotary air supply mechanism, a pressure relief and lifting mechanism, a drill rod unloading mechanism, a drill frame lifting mechanism, a traveling mechanism, a pneumatic system, and an electrical system. Its main feature is that the drill rig is placed outside the hole and only bears the forward, backward, and rotation of the drill bit. The impactor, which generates the impact action, follows the drill bit into the bottom of the hole. It has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient use, no limitation on hole depth, and the ability to drill inclined holes.

[0056] (2) Slope Hole Layout: Since the slope angle of the designed steps in this project is 55°, if inclined holes are constructed parallel to the slope, the drilling operation will be complicated, the precision control will be difficult, and the drill will be prone to jamming or hole collapse. The drilling speed will be slow, and the charging process will be prone to blockage. This construction method adopts the vertical drilling and blasting method, and a row of auxiliary holes will be constructed on the slope. According to the geological conditions of the slope, the depth will be selected from 0 to 0.5m. The hole layout will be marked by RTK measurement and red plastic bags, with an error not exceeding 5cm.

[0057] (3) Drilling method: For layers of weathered gravel or layers with many cracks or even looseness on the lower surface due to blasting of the upper layer, improper opening can create a funnel-shaped opening, where gravel may fall into the hole at any time, causing blockage or jamming. The rough hole wall can also cause blockage when loading explosives, which not only affects the drilling speed but also the blasting effect. Therefore, certain techniques should be mastered when opening the hole. First, the drill bit should be lifted off the ground and high-pressure air should be supplied to blow away the slag. The opening should be done according to the principle of "small air pressure and no pressure when hard rock is not seen". After the hole is opened, certain techniques should also be mastered when entering normal drilling. For soft rock, full air and half pressure should be supplied, and drilling should be slow to remove slag. The drill should be lifted and the hole blown once every 1.0-1.5m of drilling to prevent excessive slag accumulation at the bottom of the hole from causing blockage. For weathered and fractured layers, the air volume should be small and the pressure light, and the hole should be blown frequently and protected frequently.

[0058] Wire detonation;

[0059] Detonation Method Selection: This project adopts the detonating cord initiation method. The detonating cord initiation system consists of three parts: a firing element, a connecting device (including a detonation transmission element and a connecting element), and a detonating element. The detonating cord initiation method utilizes the detonating cord to transmit a low-energy detonation wave to ignite the detonator, thereby detonating the industrial explosive. The detonating cord itself requires a firing element for initiation. The detonating cord initiation method can operate in environments with electrical interference; the network connection is unaffected by external power, resulting in high safety. Generally, the number of explosive charges detonated in a detonating cord initiation network is unlimited, and complex calculations are not required. The detonating cord initiation method is flexible and diverse, enabling multi-stage delayed initiation. The detonating cord network connection operation is simple and easy to master, requiring minimal preparation work. The sound during the detonation transmission process is minimal and has no destructive effect.

[0060] Slope top and bottom;

[0061] Conventional slope excavation only establishes one set of top slope lines. Operators rely on their experience and visual inspection to excavate the slope to the designed angle. However, since the designed step slope angle is only 55°, the actual slope angle during excavation often exceeds the designed angle, leading to slope instability and material slippage. This narrows the width of the upper safety platform, and the accumulated material further compresses the width of the lower safety platform, ultimately causing it to disappear completely. This method improves the accuracy of slope angle control by establishing an additional set of bottom slope lines. With the assistance of these two lines, the excavation process can minimize the impact of human factors.

[0062] Layered excavation;

[0063] Due to the limited excavation range of the excavator, the 14m stepped slope needed to be excavated in two layers. Three rows of markers were laid out in the area after blasting: point A was the top line of the slope, point B was the toe line of the upper layer, and point C was the toe line of the lower layer. After excavating the upper layer to point B, vertical excavation continued downwards, first excavating the toe of the slope, leaving a triangular finishing area for the upper layer. Detailed stripping work was carried out in the triangular area, brushing along the top line A to the toe of the slope to form the final slope. After excavating the lower layer to point C, the operation of the upper layer was repeated. This established a three-point alignment on the slope surface, which facilitated overall control of slope parameters and flatness.

[0064] Hydraulic breaker repair;

[0065] This construction method does not employ pre-splitting blasting, but instead uses vertical deep-hole blasting at varying depths. Due to inconsistent rock types on the slope and uneven blasting fragmentation, under-excavation is unavoidable. To avoid the impact of blasting vibrations and to refine the slope to design requirements, this method uses a hydraulic breaker to precisely trim the under-excavated sections. The quality control objective is to ensure that the final excavation boundary does not differ from the design boundary by more than ±0.5m.

[0066] Quality acceptance;

[0067] (1) Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying;

[0068] With its revolutionary data acquisition and processing capabilities, as well as its high efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility, open-pit mine drone modeling technology is completely changing the traditional mine management model and becoming a core tool for modern digital mine management.

[0069] Traditional surveying methods, such as RTK (Real-Time Kinematics) marking on-site, suffer from low point density, high labor intensity, and limitations imposed by personnel accessibility. Drones, in contrast, utilize precise positioning with base stations. By acquiring a large amount of photographic data and simultaneously recording and verifying data points across multiple images, high-precision measurements can be achieved. This method also employs drones for area modeling, which, when compared with the design model, clearly and accurately reveals areas of over- or under-excavation.

[0070] (2) Manual measurement;

[0071] While drone surveying offers high accuracy and reduces human labor intensity, the operation is complex, and the results require further processing, often taking until the following day to obtain. Using a compass to measure slope angles can serve as a more timely supplement, providing a basis for on-site construction.

[0072] 1. Use cardboard to draw a plane along the slope.

[0073] 2. Point the north end of the compass towards the direction of the dip, with the south end close to the stratum. Rotate the compass until the bubble in the level gauge is centered. The reading on the compass needle indicates the dip of the stratum. Press the south end of the compass onto a piece of cardboard to make a mark.

[0074] 3. Hold the compass horizontally and vertically, with its long side pressed against the paperboard and perpendicular to the indentation on the previous piece of paperboard. Use your middle finger to turn the adjustable lever at the bottom of the compass to center the bubble in the inclinometer. Read the maximum reading indicated by the tip of the cone, which is the slope angle.

[0075] By identifying the fundamental system, the project summarized and analyzed the problems existing in the production process of slope parameter control, and formulated targeted technical measures in drilling, blasting, mining and stripping, and modeling. This led to the development of a construction method for slope parameter control in open-pit coal mines. Through the effective implementation of this method, the standardization of slope engineering was greatly improved, over-excavation and under-excavation were reduced, strong support was provided for the formation of permanent slopes, relevant technical personnel were trained, and practical experience was accumulated for solving similar engineering problems.

[0076] Differentiated Implementation Examples:

[0077] Some mining areas have complex geological structures, characterized by continental accretion, basin and mountain-like crustal extension, followed by regional-scale compressional folding and faulting. The geological formations are mainly composed of Late Cretaceous to Permian sedimentary sequences, overlain by Quaternary loose sediments. The coal seam roof consists of sandstone, conglomerate, and sandstone-conglomerate, while the interlayers within the coal seam are primarily mudstone and carbonaceous mudstone. The designed mining parameters for the mining area are as follows: overall slope angle 37°, design depth 300m, bench height 14m, working bench slope angle 55°, maximum stripping bench height 14m, maximum coal mining bench height 14m, minimum working platform width 40m, minimum working platform length 200m, safety platform width 6m, road slope <10%, and road width 16m.

[0078] Construction status;

[0079] Conventional slope construction primarily employs pre-splitting blasting. However, due to the limited slope angle of the benches in this mining area (only 55°), inclined hole drilling is difficult, prone to collapse, and results in poor slope shaping after blasting. This project utilized vertical drilling, effectively improving drilling quality. Furthermore, the slope was excavated in layers and steps, with the top and bottom lines marked to minimize the impact of human factors and ultimately meet the quality requirements for slope construction.

[0080] Application effects;

[0081] In the early stages of mining, poor construction methods led to over-excavation and under-excavation of the slopes. By adopting the "vertical blasting high and steep slope construction method", the over-excavation and under-excavation rate was reduced, creating economic benefits. The optimized construction method reduced construction costs, improved the image of the mining area, and brought significant benefits to the owner, which is worth promoting.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, the operation of a down-the-hole drill includes the following steps:

[0083] A1: By installing the drill rod onto the mounting head 3, and then moving the vehicle body 1 to the designed hole location, the output end of the hydraulic rod 5 drives the first fixed plate 6 to move downward. At this time, the protective sleeve 7 will also move downward, so that the bottom surface of the moving sleeve 13 contacts the ground.

[0084] A2: Then, drilling is carried out using the drill rod. The drill rod advances and the drill bit is driven to rotate by the rotary air supply mechanism to break the entire rock surface. High-pressure air is provided to drive the impactor at the bottom of the hole and blow the rock powder out of the hole, which is blocked by the protective sleeve 7 and the moving sleeve 13.

[0085] A3: By controlling the protective sleeve 7 to continue moving downwards by the hydraulic rod 5, the moving sleeve 13 will move in the moving groove 12, thereby pushing the gas in the moving groove 12 from the conduit 14 into the first circular groove 9. At this time, the gas will push the first sliding rod 10, so that the first sliding rod 10 drives the pressure ring 11 to compact the rock powder and soil, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning.

[0086] like Figures 3-6 As shown, a down-the-hole drill rig is used in the above-mentioned vertical blasting method for steep slope construction. The down-the-hole drill rig includes a vehicle body 1, a guide rail 2 is provided on one side of the vehicle body 1, and an installation head 3 that moves up and down is provided on the guide rail 2. The installation head 3 is used to install drill rods. A base plate 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the guide rail 2, and a hydraulic rod 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base plate 4. A first fixing plate 6 is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod 5. A protective sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate 6 near the installation head 3. The bottom end of the protective sleeve 7 is open, and a circular hole 29 is provided on the top surface of the protective sleeve 7 for the drill rod to pass through.

[0087] Current down-the-hole drills utilize a rotary air supply mechanism that provides two key functions during drilling: driving the drill bit to rotate and break the entire rock surface, and providing high-pressure air to drive the impactor at the bottom of the hole and blow rock dust out of the hole (slag removal). However, slag removal generates a large amount of dust, which workers nearby will inhale, harming their health. The flying dust also easily soils their work clothes. To address this, the aforementioned mechanism allows the output end of hydraulic rod 5 to move the first fixed plate 6 downwards before drilling. This also moves the protective sleeve 7 downwards, bringing its port in contact with the ground. Drilling then proceeds, with the drill rod passing through the circular hole 29 and positioned inside the protective sleeve 7. When rock dust is blown out of the hole, it is blocked by the protective sleeve 7, preventing the inhalation of large amounts of dust. The output end of hydraulic rod 5 controls the protective sleeve 7 to move upwards, exposing the rock dust that was previously blocked. Workers can then clean this portion of the rock dust.

[0088] The top of the protective sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to a first round rod 8, and the bottom end of the first round rod 8 is provided with a first round groove 9. A first sliding rod 10 is provided in the first round groove 9. The first sliding rod 10 is slidably connected to the top surface of the protective sleeve 7. A pressure ring 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first sliding rod 10. The outer wall of the pressure ring 11 is in contact with the inner wall of the protective sleeve 7. The protective sleeve 7 is provided with a moving component that drives the first sliding rod 10 to move. During drilling, rock powder or soil will be continuously generated. When a certain amount is reached, it needs to be cleaned. The above-mentioned mechanism can control the pressure ring 11 to move downward with the help of the moving component. At this time, the pressure ring 11 will squeeze the rock powder and soil, thereby compacting them. The advantage of this operation is that it can increase the capacity inside the protective sleeve 7, reduce the number of cleanings, and make it easier to remove after compaction.

[0089] The movable component includes a movable groove 12 at the bottom of the protective sleeve 7, a movable sleeve 13 is slidably connected to the movable groove 12, a conduit 14 connects the movable groove 12 and the first circular groove 9, the first sliding rod 10 is slidably connected to the movable groove 12, and a first spring is fixedly connected between the top surface of the first sliding rod 10 and the inner wall of the movable groove 12. When it is necessary to compact rock powder and soil, the hydraulic rod 5 can control the protective sleeve 7 to move downward. At this time, the movable sleeve 13 will move in the movable groove 12, thereby pushing the gas in the movable groove 12 from the conduit 14 into the first circular groove 9. The gas will push the first sliding rod 10, so that the first sliding rod 10 drives the pressure ring 11 to compact the rock powder and soil. After compaction, the hydraulic rod 5 can control the protective sleeve 7 to reset. At this time, the movable sleeve 13 will always be in contact with the ground due to gravity, and the first sliding rod 10 will reset under the pull of the first spring, thereby driving the pressure ring 11 to reset.

[0090] The pressure ring 11 has a hollow groove 15 inside. Multiple sets of bristles 17 extending into the hollow groove 15 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pressure ring 11. A fixing plate 16 is fixedly connected inside the hollow groove 15. One end of the bristles 17 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 16. During the drilling process, the drill rod in this application will have a lot of mud and dust on its surface. At this time, the guide rail 2 can control the drill rod to move up and down. The bristles 17 can clean the mud and dust on the drill hole, thereby achieving the effect of self-cleaning the drill rod.

[0091] The fixing plate 16 is made of elastic material. A connecting pipe 18 connects the hollow groove 15 and the moving groove 12. A control valve 19 is provided on the connecting pipe 18. In this application, when drilling, the brush bristles 17 are designed not to contact the drill rod to prevent unnecessary wear on the brush bristles 17 during drilling. When it is necessary to clean the drill rod, the control valve 19 can be opened, and then the protective sleeve 7 can be controlled to move downward. At this time, the moving sleeve 13 will push the gas in the moving groove 12 from the connecting pipe 18 into the hollow groove 15. The gas will push the fixing plate 16 to deform towards the side closer to the brush bristles 17, thereby pushing the brush bristles 17 to fit tightly against the drill rod, so that the brush bristles 17 can better clean the drill rod.

[0092] Example 2: Figures 7-8 As shown in the comparative embodiment one, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: the bottom surface of the first fixing plate 6 is provided with a sliding groove 20, the inner wall of the sliding groove 20 is slidably connected to a slider 21, the bottom end of the slider 21 is provided with a second round rod 24, the bottom surface of the second round rod 24 is provided with a second round groove 27, the second round groove 27 is slidably connected to a second sliding rod 28, the top end of the second sliding rod 28 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second round groove 27 with a second spring, the bottom surface of the second sliding rod 28 is fixedly connected to a second fixing plate 25, and the side of the second fixing plate 25 near the protective sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped push plate 26; when it is necessary to clean the rock powder and soil accumulated in the protective sleeve 7, the worker can move the moving sleeve 13 upward so that the height of the moving sleeve 13 is higher than the push plate 26, and then push the push plate 26 to clean and remove the rock powder and soil below the moving sleeve 13.

[0093] The slider 21 is internally threaded with a lead screw 22. One end of the lead screw 22 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the slide groove 20. A motor 23 that controls the rotation of the lead screw 22 is fixedly connected inside the slide groove 20. When the push plate 26 is cleaning rock powder and soil, the motor 23 can be started to control the lead screw 22 to rotate. At this time, the lead screw 22 can control the slider 21 to move closer to the protective sleeve 7, so that the slider 21 drives the push plate 26 to move, so that the push plate 26 can clean the rock powder and soil. The reverse rotation of the output end of the motor 23 can control the lead screw 22 to reverse, so that the slider 21 can be reset.

[0094] Working principle: By driving the first fixed plate 6 downwards through the output end of the hydraulic rod 5, the protective sleeve 7 also moves downwards, bringing its port in contact with the ground. Drilling then proceeds, with the drill rod passing through the circular hole 29 and positioned inside the protective sleeve 7. When rock powder is blown out of the hole, it is blocked by the protective sleeve 7, preventing large amounts of dust from being inhaled by workers. The output end of the hydraulic rod 5 controls the protective sleeve 7 to move upwards, exposing the rock powder blocked by the sleeve, allowing workers to clean it. During drilling, rock powder or mud is continuously generated. When a certain amount is reached, cleaning is necessary. The aforementioned mechanism uses a moving component to control the pressure ring 11 to move downwards, squeezing the rock powder and mud. The soil is compacted, which increases the capacity of the protective sleeve 7, reduces the number of cleanings, and allows for better removal after compaction. When it is necessary to compact rock powder and soil, the hydraulic rod 5 can control the protective sleeve 7 to move downward. At this time, the moving sleeve 13 will move in the moving groove 12, thereby pushing the gas in the moving groove 12 from the conduit 14 into the first circular groove 9. The gas will push the first sliding rod 10, so that the first sliding rod 10 drives the pressure ring 11 to compact the rock powder and soil. After compaction, the hydraulic rod 5 can control the protective sleeve 7 to return to its original position. At this time, the moving sleeve 13 will always be in contact with the ground due to gravity, and the first sliding rod 10 will return to its original position under the pull of the first spring, thereby driving the pressure ring 11 to return to its original position.

[0095] During drilling, the drill rod in this application will have a lot of dirt and dust on its surface. At this time, the guide rail 2 can control the drill rod to move up and down. The bristles 17 can clean the dirt and dust on the drill hole, thereby achieving the effect of self-cleaning the drill rod. In this application, the bristles 17 are designed not to contact the drill rod during drilling to prevent unnecessary wear on the bristles 17 during drilling. When it is necessary to clean the drill rod, the control valve 19 can be opened, and then the protective sleeve 7 can be controlled to move downward. At this time, the moving sleeve 13 will push the gas in the moving groove 12 from the connecting pipe 18 into the hollow groove 15. The gas will push the fixing plate 16 to deform towards the side closer to the bristles 17, thereby pushing the bristles 17 to fit tightly against the drill rod, so that the bristles 17 can better clean the drill rod.

[0096] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction method for vertical blasting of steep slopes, characterized in that: The construction method includes the following steps; S1: First, design the hole layout, determine the blasting area, then determine the chassis resistance line, and then determine the hole spacing. The hole spacing and row spacing are calculated based on the hole diameter and the hole density coefficient. S2: After the hole layout is completed, drilling is carried out. A down-the-hole drill is selected for drilling. When encountering a layer of weathered gravel on the surface, the drill bit is lifted off the ground and high-pressure air is used to blow away the floating debris. S3: The detonation method uses a detonating cord, with the detonation point placed at the top and bottom of the slope. S4: Carry out layered excavation. Measure and mark three points A, B, and C in the area after blasting. Point A is the top line of the step, point B is the toe line of the upper layer excavation, and point C is the toe line of the lower layer excavation. S5: For areas that are under-excavated, use a hydraulic breaker for fine finishing and conduct quality acceptance using both drone measurement and manual measurement. The width of the blasting area in S1 is controlled to be 9-15 rows to ensure that the number of boreholes in the blasting area does not exceed 800. The method of using the down-the-hole drill includes the following steps: A1: Install the drill rod onto the mounting head (3), then move the vehicle body (1) to the designed hole location, so that the output end of the hydraulic rod (5) drives the first fixed plate (6) to move downward, so that the protective sleeve (7) moves downward, and the bottom surface of the moving sleeve (13) contacts the ground; A2: Drilling is carried out using a drill rod. The drill rod is driven by a rotary air supply mechanism to rotate the drill bit to break the rock surface. High-pressure air is provided to drive the impactor at the bottom of the hole and blow the rock powder out of the hole and block it by the protective sleeve (7) and the moving sleeve (13). A3: Control the protective sleeve (7) to continue moving downward, so that the moving sleeve (13) moves in the moving groove (12), push the gas in the moving groove (12) into the first circular groove (9) through the conduit (14), so that the gas pushes the first slide rod (10), so that the first slide rod (10) drives the pressure ring (11) to compact the rock powder and soil.

2. A down-the-hole drill rig, applicable to the vertical blasting method for steep slope construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The down-the-hole drill includes a vehicle body (1), a guide rail (2) is provided on one side of the vehicle body (1), an installation head (3) that moves up and down is provided on the guide rail (2), the installation head (3) is used to install the drill rod, a base plate (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the guide rail (2), a hydraulic rod (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base plate (4), a first fixing plate (6) is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod (5), a protective sleeve (7) is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate (6) near the installation head (3), the bottom end of the protective sleeve (7) is open, and a round hole (29) is opened on the top surface of the protective sleeve (7) for the drill rod to pass through.

3. A down-the-hole drill rig according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top end of the protective sleeve (7) is fixedly connected to a first round rod (8), the bottom end of the first round rod (8) is provided with a first round groove (9), a first slide rod (10) is provided in the first round groove (9), the first slide rod (10) is slidably connected to the top surface of the protective sleeve (7), the bottom end of the first slide rod (10) is fixedly connected to a pressure ring (11), the outer side wall of the pressure ring (11) is in contact with the inner wall of the protective sleeve (7), and a moving component for driving the first slide rod (10) to move is provided on the protective sleeve (7).

4. A down-the-hole drill rig according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable component includes a movable groove (12) opened at the bottom of the protective sleeve (7), a movable sleeve (13) is slidably connected in the movable groove (12), a conduit (14) is connected between the movable groove (12) and the first circular groove (9), the first slide rod (10) is slidably connected to the movable groove (12), and a first spring is fixedly connected between the top surface of the first slide rod (10) and the inner wall of the movable groove (12).

5. A down-the-hole drill rig according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure ring (11) has a hollow groove (15) inside. Multiple sets of bristles (17) extending into the hollow groove (15) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pressure ring (11). A fixing plate (16) is fixedly connected inside the hollow groove (15). One end of the bristle (17) is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (16).

6. A down-the-hole drill rig according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing plate (16) is made of elastic material, and a connecting pipe (18) is connected between the hollow groove (15) and the moving groove (12), and a control valve (19) is provided on the connecting pipe (18).

7. A down-the-hole drill rig according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the first fixing plate (6) is provided with a sliding groove (20), and a slider (21) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove (20). A second round rod (24) is provided at the bottom end of the slider (21). A second round groove (27) is provided on the bottom surface of the second round rod (24). A second sliding rod (28) is slidably connected in the second round groove (27). A second spring is fixedly connected between the top end of the second sliding rod (28) and the inner wall of the second round groove (27). A second fixing plate (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the second sliding rod (28). An arc-shaped push plate (26) is fixedly connected to the side of the second fixing plate (25) near the protective sleeve (7).

8. A down-the-hole drill rig according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slider (21) is internally threaded with a lead screw (22), one end of which is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the slide groove (20), and a motor (23) for controlling the rotation of the lead screw (22) is fixedly connected inside the slide groove (20).

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